Topic 8.

1(a} The symbo,ls of some elements in the Periodic Tabfe are shown.

)kj,M OYpY ca
For each of 1.he follow,ng. give the symboJ of an etement which matches lhe

descripllon. Each element may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Which element is unreactive?

Nt
{1 mark)

(bt Whlch ~ement Is In Group VU or the Perlod.c Table?

t
{1 mark)

(c) Which element forms an Ion with a 1+ ctta:rge?

\_i_ __

(1 mark)

(di Whfch element 1-s in Period 3 or the Periodic Table?

{1 mark)
 .,'
2 (a) The Periodic Table consists of elements arranged in a particular order.
~
~

lo

What is the Periodic Table arranged in order of?

•• t
,,'

Relative atomic mass

• ._ I

·,,

"'
Atom.c number
f:'
'\'·

-· •

..
J
Number of electrons in the oute< shell
,
,1 '

• I

. ~1'b
-~ k
,, ,
. ...: :

The number of shells i

,l I

(b, erement Y Is rocated in Group VII of the Periodic Table. Write the fom'lula of
the ion formed by element Y.
,-
~

(c) Give two physical properties of element Y.

\

br'\ rr\-e I Pour CoYtcll,\c;h) r of- \ieM I pOD r cO(\_oll.(_uh)r

c>t e,l('.Gh--j c,i~ / Low me, lti r\~ pe-iV'vf- I Low loc,-i l,'llJ
peh.+ I Dv--11 f
I

j
 (cl) Going down Group VII reactivity decreases. Explain why reaclivlty deereases
going down Group VII using words from the list.

Iinae- I sbunger I gain

Iweaker Idoserto I further from

l(\CreC\~
Ga.ng down the group, the number of electron shejls ....l. ... so the outEtf electron ~
--fu.r-ther: ..frD.ro ..... the nucleus.

There are .w.e..O.\..K.{,x. .. elecrostatic forces of attraction between the outer

electron
and nucleus making it harder ror the element to .. T... an electron.
8°'-,4('\
---- - - - - - -·---- - - - -

- - - - - - - ----- -

(4 marks)
3 (a) Table 3.1 shows information about the reactions of Group I elements with water..

Table 3. t

element observalloos products formed

Jlthlum bubbles lithium hydroxide

-+ hydrogen

&odium bubbles. sodium moves quickly on the surfacE sod lum hyd roxl-de +
of the water hydrogen

potassium bubbles, potassium moves very quickly on potassium

the surface of the water burns wlth a Iliac hydro.xide +
flame hydrogen

Draw the electron,c configuration for sodium.

{1 mark)

(bt Why are llthrum, sodium. and potassium air in Group I of the Periodic Table?

{1 mark)
(c) Use Table 3. 1 to describe the trend In reactivity of Group I metals.

f Predict the two products formed when rubidium reacts wilh wale<,

(2 marks)
4 (a) The electronic configuraltons of some olements are shown in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1

Element Electronic configuration

-
-"
(AJ 2.8.7
-
B 2.8,~
-
C 2,6

~ 2J
-
E 2.e@

Answer the following questions about these ~ements.

Each element may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Which two elements share simUar chemical properties?

(1 mark)

{bt Which ~lemenl -s a good conductor of erectncity?

t
{1 mark)

(c> Whieh e1emeot ts a nob~e gas?

{1 mark)
 ~l
(d) Which element has a high meltlng point?

(1 mark)
 the Periodlc Table.
5 (a) This question .Is about elements in

Calcium is a metal located in Group II of the Periodic TabJe. What is the charge of
a calcium Ion?

Draw a circle around the correct answer.

1+ 2+ 2- 1·

2t
·(1 mark)

(b) Copper is a transition metal.

Give two properties of transition metals.

\-brd I St¥O n~/ G~ conctucto(' or \tiecJ- I Qeud

c:arc lu~ of-' el_Q_GtY1Gt}/D~n~ /tu,0 " co\dr ed
co~~~ d I i~o.b u_ Dx~ Jcd"'\or\ s:--fcd es I t.Ue_ol oe-5
~2r ~~-
(2 marks)

(c) Neon is a noble gas.

Exp4aln why n-eon i5 unreactive.

You shoutd Include Its elecitof'lic configuration in your answer.

(2 marks)
(cl) Bromine is located In Group VII of the Pe,lodlc Tabte:

Gi\le the fonnula and state of brom lne at room temperature.

Fonnula: ..... 6.C..i.. ........ .

State at room temperature: .. .h%u.ld......

(2 marks)
Topic 8.2

1(a) Rubidium. Rb, Is a Group I element ll has slmllat physical and chemical properties
to the other elements In Group I.

Predict how many electrons there are in lhe outer shell of a rubidium atom.

.
f1 mark)

(b) Predict one physical property of rubidium which is the same as that of a
transition element such as iron.

{1 m~rk)

(c> ·Predict two physical properUes of rubtdlum whlCh are different to those of a
transmon element such as iron.

(2 marks)
(dt Whefl rubidium is added to cold water a reaction occurs.

1~ Suggest two observations that would be made when rubidium is added to cold

water. t2)G0ab\ €.'.:) / ~\Q(Y)e / M O\J'"L~ t D ·, S S6 \ \j-e._8 /

f \0 ~ / M-e,\~ ) exf I us,~. [2J

II) What would be the colour of the solution If methyl orange was added to it
after the reaction?

Y~\ \aw [1 l

').6' Write a chemical equation for lhe re-action between rubidium and water.

Iv) Put the Group I elements, caesium, lithium. potassium, rubidium and sodium
in their order of reactivity with water, from the most reactive to the least
reactive.
Ccx-es·1~m~ rU-tf,o\~LA.~ 4 oo-ta.s-5\u..rn ~ Sod-'1\A.-rn 4 \:~~v-n
' [1 J

't') Suggest one safety measure that should be used when rubidium is added
to cold water.

G.°1ft;~,(;:, I Qilo~ / s~,f,e~ JU'ee,n/lC7'1cf / t1i

o~ Spctc.e_.

------- -- - - -
,K. Extended Only
The phosphate ion has the formula P04~. Deduce the formula of rubidium
phosphate.

-_Qb~-PO i---------------.-------------------------- ------.. ----------------------··. ----------------

(1 mark)
 Extended Only
2(a)
For each of the following unfamlllar elements predict one physical and one
chemleaJ property.
Qlesium (Cs)

Physical property

.~9.B-:./.1. r:iw..~:taLIJ?.~ . ~:n.~. .p.ti:1.cvr l -s k- {l 'd I

\'V\CA \ \ e..oJo~ I oLAuti v I ~ s ~ -
Chemical properly .r..~...W.l.fu..w.os.oc../.~~-···v.::eu.c.tLw.--/
-\brro~ JCJ.\h ~ lhru o(\e e ~ , n
Ovvt-~r S~_l_._ __
(2 marks)

(bJ Vanadium (V)

Physical property

~~;l;'~=t-o.l.Nef-..~-!i.~.~* I SMrP ct/

.. ............\ ....{ ..£1.~
Chem leaf property .~.?. ......(laJ:n:v.e....:-.\-hal)....... .
tolortd co~(Jll\;f\~ I ffi(v'Y\j Co l.Q.x- i 0(\5.

(2 marks)

(c) Fluorine (F)

Phys~caf property

~~~~~--~~J~:xxw.t\i(\3"[email protected] ~NI-/ ci.uQ-i ttot

.rY.10).t....ceac..t.~... hcJ.o~./..b.~o~......~:~.t<::-
Chemicat property
~ J',vlcl V\~-~& / V) tA.S 7 ~ lR.Ltr-ens i r1 ()t,\.k,e.r
0~ l / fuv-rYU 0t 0 els w·,~ at~ cle_J CMLol ~~.
3 Copper is a transition element. lt has variable oxidation states.

State two other chemical properties of transJUon elements which make them
different from Group I elements.

H,~ ~-,1a / Y\\~ (Y\9.1\i1b ~n:t I

V\ox~r I +bv«\.> Co\oN'_cJ CO%potM1d.).

(2 marks)
 4 Aluminium ts extracted by ele~trolysls Iron is extracted from Us ore by
reduction with carbon,

Iron ls e transition element Give two ways In whrch lhe properties of transition
efements differ from the properties of Group I metals.
M)r«u Co\ ore cl C.OVllf'o~ olJ /Hi ~ ~ i ~ /
-··-- ---------------- ·- -·· --. - .....
l-11 F
- - ' • - - -....... ... -....-..: __

l'YWfirlJ ft'hrd -f He,. ,~

(2 marks)

5 The diagram shows part of the structures of nve sub-stances. A, B, C, 0 and E.

H H
H-J 'c-H Br-8' Bf
u
riH
\ f'H
H Br
I
Br
H H \e,
H,¢/H j ; Br'-s,
I H--/\ Br
H H H
A B C

D E

Wh•ch one of these structures, A, B, C, Do, E, ts monatomlc?

6. Describe three properties of iron that show that it is a transition element and
not a Group I element.

1--ti ~ lae-t Ii r1J ~ r0- /Hid- ~ I

l'\I\QJ+; ~ w.cJ_ 1/
FDrrnJ Cu\D<"'t.'o corv--rov--Aols /f'ovnu Ce)~~\~)
ill¥\_ ~ vtY-cl ro c.._ cu#!~+

(3 marks)
7 (a} Sodium can be extracted from .sodium bromide by electrolysis.

Sodium Js a metal in Group I of the Periodic Table.

Describe one chemical property of sodium.

{1 mark)

(b) Which two of these statements about lhe physical properties of sodium are correct?

Tide two boxes.

Sodium is very hard. D

Sodium has a high density. D
Sodium conducts electricity. ~
Sodium is malleable. [tJ
Sodium does not conduct heat. □

(2 mafks)
Topic 9.1

l (a) The uses of a substance are determined by Its properties.

Plastics are poor conductors of electricity. They are used ~s insulatioo for etectrlc
Cclbles. Which other two properties of plastics make them suitable for this
purpose?

C.1-e:)(, 'o 1-e. / Mo('\ -'o i oc\ e.~ v. ( \No-±-u <e\ \ [, t- ov1-J-- f
wcu-~ ~yeo,t
(2 marks)

Separate: Chemistry Oriy

(b)

Chromium is a hard, shiny metal. Suggest two reasons why chromium is used to
electroplate steel.
--
' 0 \ 01'-f '(t)J-e. D-f ~0-.x'\ u. / Tu px~ COYYDS i Vv) /

T1u f vu t ec;r s t e e.J

(2 marks}

(ct Why is aluminium used extensively In the manufacture of aeroplanes'?

(cl) Why Is copper a suitable materlal from wh,oh to make cooking utensils?

copper
oooklng
Ufensft

rood

If'teal

(2 marks)

Ex.tended Only
la) Describe lhe bonding in a typical melaL

Lallic_e__0~0ru f( posj hve \ e:ru _\ (\ °'

j~ Ot delccQ.Q.\-:z-~ el.Qc ~/ ~t\Y0tL li&-n
01Lw e -e (\ {) 0":)·, -n v-c._ ra-rv OJr"\ol e.1--e C,1"Y\3,\J J2 marks)
 2 (a) About 4000 years ago the Bronze Age started In Britain. Bronze is an alloy of
copper and tin.

•~ Suggest a reason why a bronze axe was bettef than a copper axe.

\t\ CA.rd--e. v / s-\"vD ' { \ 7 f <

(11

11} Brass is another copper alloy. Name the other metal in brass.

£\Y\G
(11

(2 marks)

Extended Only
(b)
The diagram below shows the arrangement of particles in a pure
metal.

11} What.is the name given to a regular arrangement of particles in a crystalline sortd?

[1]

Ill Draw a diagram whictl shows the arrangement of partieles In an alloy.

me..,;-cJ \
[21
yy,~t-c-J. z
Ill} Exptain the term malleable.

C,,h°'-n~ ~V\~ 'oJ -Pu<~ [11

r,,) Why are metals malleable?

t~ CU\.fi', 0, 1clt p CAJ -r- ec..u---- OTh.Lr

 (6 marks)

(c~ The common ore of tin Is lin(IV) oxide and an ore of copper Is malachite,
CuCCh.Cu(OH)2.

i} Give one use of copper. other than making alloys.

(1]

~ \N '. rt5 /pi p0 / Je,w-e,< ~ / (\~ \~ ( roe~ ~ /

to·,~ 1 Coo1LvJ~
3 (a) Table 1.1 shows the properties of four substances.

Table 1.1

eiectrlcal
boiling point conduc:1wi1y efedrical 00ndudMly density.
sutistanoe of,so5d wnenm0119n in g/cmJ
alunwiii.n high conducts conducts 2.70
diamond 3.51
--
potassium bfomide hlgf1 does not conduct conducts 2.75
sulfur low does not condud 2.07

State the property of atuminium given in Table 1.1 which makes it suitable for the
manufacture of aircraft.

{1 mark)

(bl Aluminium ;s used in overhead electricity cables.

Give lwo properties or alumlnlum that make It suitable for use In overhead
electricity cables.

~ \..e / e.o 0cl,,1Aoh e.,\e:Gtv') C.:1 t"o- / to u dwS I 1bI

~ t-e (fa v-c O'i- i OL \~.
- ------

(2 marks)
(c, The diagrams show part of the structures of nve substances. A. B. C. O and E.

H H
'-c-H Bt-Bf Br
H-A I
H ~ l'H
H Br Br

H
'y
H
J/H
H/C\
H
I Br
I
' Bt
Br'--
Br
Br
H H
H
A B C

@@®®
® ®
D E

Which one of lhese str\Jct.ures, A. B, C. O or E, is used In electncal Wiring?

1)

{i mark)
4 (a) Iron la a metal.

Give three physical propertlea that are oharactetl11tlc or me18l1.

Ca n ol u cn e__ \ec.\-Yi u +u ().x\c,l. \t\..Q_c.J- I mo...\ \toJo l, /

clu~~ Is~~

(3 marks)

(b) Iron reacts with chlorine and other halogens.

Name two other substances which react with Iron.

(2 manes)
 .
5 (a) AJtoys of copper are used to make coins

What Is meant by the term alJoy?

make coins instead of using pure copper.

(b, Suggest why an alloy of copper is used to

S~ /h fi ..r dL ( / (V'\ uM -

CuY (D? 't:Y i {1 mark)

five substances, A. B, C, 0 and E.

(c) The diagrams show part of the structures of

s o,
H o' 'o s
I
H-C -O- H
I S:::ao J
H 0/
A B C

H H
\ I
C===C
I \
D E

electricity when solid.

State which one of these structures. conducts

(1 mark)
6 (a} An alloy of cobalt. chromium and molybdenum is used to make cutlery.

Whjch one or lhe foJlowlng diagrams best represents the structure or the aJloy?

Draw a circle around the correct answer.

A 8 C D

(1 mark)

(bJ Which one of these substances is also used to make cutlery?

Tick one box.

mercury

sodium

stainless steel
X
graphite

{1 mark)

(c) An alloy conlains 1.lnc, copper and aluminium. What is meant by lhe term alloy?
(d) Zinc and copper are elements next to each other fn the Periodic Table.

Name lhe alloy formed when zinc is mixed with copper.

·----·---- --------- --------· --------

{1 mark)
Topic 9.2

1(a) A reactivity series of metal$ Is given below.

Metal name Symbol

Most reactive Sodium Na

Lithium Li

Magnesium Mg

Zinc Zn

Manganese Mn

Iron Fe

Copper Cu

Least reactive Rhodium Rh

Which two metals wUI react most vigorously with cold water?

(1 mark)

(b) Which two metals wm not react with dilute hydrochloric acid?

(1 mark)
 'tj. What Is the formula or a magnesium Ion?
yY\ 2..t
~ !1 mark)

/4:.t Describe a test-tube experiment which will show that manganese Is more
~ ~ , ,CAr U reactive than copper.

lb P lo V re.f u en u <v-1..e,,t-cJ) re u..Lli ~ ~ ICLb

i \J{ s-n lY1 ~fDceclure ~

(3 mart<.s)

t•) Manganese is a typical transition metal.

Predrct three physicaJ and two chemical properties of this metal.

Physical properties

Chemical properties

'P P - 11- CA.c c\ I Sh-o \-h ~ De.ns·11'3 I !"\Co\.\\ ec:J,LQ. 1

"d /
~c,h~ ; s~~ 1 ~~ Me,lil~~ eu1cl6~1,rla-
,pc.9-1 Af I Gi.oocl Cortolvt.c,,t-o.- o~ heCt...,+- CV1.J.--.
m +ta
e. lLc., uc·
C,? - HJ r ms C' o n,o U ~ tc) r'lJ / C,,o Io r-e.d cv Y1lf o lA-11 ds /
reel Gt-s vJ ; ~ 0c0 els /w evt-e,r I5; kC<..,r\
2 (a) Reactive metals tend to have unreactive compouods. The following is part of the
reactivity series.

Sodium Most reactive

Calcium

ZJnc

Copper

Silver Least reactive

Sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate do not decompose Ylhen heated. The
oo"espondlng calcium compounds do decompose when heated. Complete the
fotlowing equations.

Calcium carbonate - .C.~l.C.~~rn....9..Y...\.Q~--- + .C~h~n....6,,iQ.~.~cL...

11 O
Ca(OH}2 ~ ....c.~.Q. + ...~ .

(2 marks)

(b) Whtch of lhe metaJs In the l~t have oxides which ate not reduced by carbon?

{1 mark)

(c) Choose from the liSit motals whoso ions would react with zinc.
 compares the reactivity of cobalt with that of three other metals.
3 (a) Table 1.1
Table 1.1

metal reactivity With cold water reactivity with sleam

barium reacts rapidly

cobalt no reaction reads slowty when heated

~-

megnesJum reacts very slowfy reads rapidfy

zinc no reaction reacts easily when heated

Use this tnformatlon lO put the four metals in Of'der of their reactjvily, Put lhe
least reactive metal first.

feut reactive most reactive

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -

-------·-------- -----
(2 marks)

Exte-nded Only
(b)

Copper metal is obtained when scrap iron is added to aqueous copper(II)

sulfate. The reaction between Iron and aqueous copper(II) sulfate Is a

d15placement reaction. State why lhis displacement reaction takes place,

\
m.u~ rfet.oriv-<. .. f-vt.~
'I ( 1S
OV'\
 Extended Only

Write a symbol equation for the reaction between iron and aqueous copper(tl)
suffate.

(1 mar1<)

(d) A displacement reaction I'S one method ror obtaining copper metal rrom
aqueous copper(II) sulfate.

Identify another method for obtainirig copper metal from aqueous copper(II) suffate.

{1 mark)
 uses.
4 (a) Many compounds have important

The table compares the reactions or rour metals with steam.

metal reaction with steam

copper does not react

magnesium reacts rapidly

sodium reacts explosively

zinc reacts slowly when wanned

Put the four metals in order of their reactivity. Put the least reactive metal first.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - • tno$LteadJYO

(2marl<s}

(b) Rust contains hydrated kon(IIJ) oxide.

Describe and explain one method of preventing Iron from rustang.

5 (a) The table shows some observations about the reactivity of four metals with
dilute sulfuric acid.

metal reaction with sulfuric acki

iron a slow stream of bubb1es Is seen

magnesium a rapid stream of bubb~es is seen

nickel a few bubbles slowly fOIJT1 - -

tungsten no bubbles are seen

Use the information in the table to put the four metaJs in order of their

reactivity. Put the least reactive metal first.

least readJ\ie fflOlit readlve

II Ira~

--------------

(2 marks}

(b) The table shows some observations about the reactivity of four metals with dilute
hydrochloric acid.
 metal reaction with hydrochloric add

calcium a rapid stream of bubbles Is seen

lead no bubbles are seen

manganese a slow stream of bubbles is seen

tin a few bubbles slowly fonn

Use the information in the table to put the four metals in order of their

reactivity. Put the least reactive metal first.

least reactive fflDfit reactive

--- -------------- -------------- -------· -------

(2 marks)
Topic9.3

1(a) Iron is a transition element.

Which of the fo41owing statements about transition elements are

correct? Tick three boxes.

The metals are highly coloured e.g. yellow. green, bfue.

The metals have low melting points.

I Their compounds are highly coloured.

x
Their com pounds are coklurless.

The elements and their oompounds are often used as catalysts.

X
They have more than one oxidation state. 'X

(3 marks)
(b) l) In which Period In the Periodic Table Is Iron to be found?

Pu-iod Y [1]

II) Use the Periodic Tab48 to work oul the number of protons and the number of
neutrons In one atom of Iron. Number of protons= Number of neutrons =

Pvot-of\) -:. 1l_q [2)

N ~ -=-'60

(3 ma.tks)

(c) Iron Is extracted In a blast rumace. The llsl below gives some of the substances
used or formed in the extraction.

calbon monoxide coke iron ore limestone slag

n Which subStance is a mineral oontalnlng largely calcfum carbonate?

L\mato0 e (1)

ii} Whrm substance is formed When Impurities In lhe ore react with calcium oxide?

[11

llij \i'/hich substance is also cal Jed hematite?

l ran ove. [1]

 ace.
In the blast fum
rn D n o x ; CN'
the coke used
nctions of
(di State two fu t1
h~at / M cck.e C e u ,b o
To p n J v -i d<

(2 manes)

lnless steel.
s steel. Give one u s e '° ' sta
Into stainles
n Is converted
fe) Some of the Iro

(1 mark)
2(a) The diagram shows a blast furnace.

wntegnes

\ .--i~--raw maJerials:

cou,C
ln:>rl ote, Fe20J
lmlestotte. CaC9 J

The f~lowing equations represent reactions which take place in the blast furnace.

A C+Oi-.C,02
B CaCO:; _. CaO + CO2
C CBO + S102---. CaSlOa
o C02+c-.2co
E Fe203 + 3CO ~ 2Fe + 3C01

It Which reaction is used to increase the temperature inside the blast furnace?

A (1 J

II} VVhrch reaclioo is an exampte of thermal decomposition?

B (1]

Ill) In which reaction is carbon both oxidised and reduced?

[1J
D
i·,•) 111/hich equatio;0 shows the removal of an impurity from the Iron?

C
 [1J

") Whlch equation shows the reaction of an acidic substance with a basic
substance?

G (1 I

------------------- -

(5 marks)

(b) Use the diagram of the blast furnace to help you answer these questions.

t~ What enters the blast furnace a.t X?

[1 J

ii} What teaves the blast furnace al Y?

I CfrO (1 [1J

iii) Name two waste gases that leave the b~a st furnace_

2.... Cu✓.(.bo.c....... M.o..t1.9..X.i ..d.~..................... .

[2)
Extended Only

The graph shows how the malleability of iron changes as the percentage of carbon
In the iron changes.

high

malleabJlcy

increasing p8fatfltage
of carbon

It Desai be how the malleability of Iron changes as the percentage of carbon

changes.

As
So
IIJ Iron obtained from the blast furnace contains high levels of carbon. Explatn
how the amount of carbon in the Iron can be decreased.

[2]

- -------------------------
3 (a) Aluminium is extracted by elactrotysls. Iron Is extracted from its ore by reduction
with carbon.

Name the metn ore of alumlntum.

{1 mark)

(b) Explain why aluminium cannot be extracted by reduction with carboo,

A\1.A..M·, n~Yh \J u\. bo-X Co.-, bo n i ('\ -ftu
~~-(J
(1 mark)

Separale: ChemlSlry and Extended Only

(c) Describe why cry~ite is used in the extraction of aluminium by

etectrolysls.
A-\ V,XY1, {\ v\XY\ C) )( , d -e Cu V\,\ ~ <Y\e,, \ fl f\S
n 0 •
f G'i (Vt"{1 mark)
Q.ecl\.AU) CD' st-,.

(d) Separale: Chemistry and Extended Only

Name. the product formed at the.. posilive electrode.

(1 mark)

K Separate: ChemlSlry and Extended Only

Write the ionic half-equation for the ~action al the negative

electrode,

{1 mark)

(f) Iron Is a transition element

Iron forms hydrated iron{m) oxide when it rusts.

Write a word equation to represent the formation of Ml

Ox~~ ➔ 1ron(11)) O'x'.lole_

 compounds.
4(a) This question Is about Iron and Iron

Name the main ore of Iron.

(1 mark)