Immunology of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Implantation
Failure
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6 Treatment and reproductive outcome
7 Summary and recommendations
References
Chapter 4. B cell pathology and recurrent pregnancy loss
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 B cell function during pregnancy
3 Immunopathologies related to reproduction
4 Recurrent pregnancy loss
5 Diagnosis
6 Treatments
7 Summary and recommendations
References
Chapter 5. Mast cell pathology and reproductive failures
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Mast cells biology
3 Role of mast cells in reproductive system
4 Mast cell-related immunopathology in reproduction
5 Summary and Recommendation
References
Chapter 6. Role of human leukocyte antigen in the pathogenesis of
recurrent pregnancy loss
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Recurrent pregnancy loss and human leukocyte antigen
studies
3 Human leukocyte antigen class I and II molecules
4 Evaluation of human leukocyte antigen antigens in assisted
reproduction
5 Treatment
6 Conclusions
7 Summary and recommendations
References
Chapter 7. Stress-induced immune deviations and reproductive
failure
Abstract
1 Immune-endocrine adaptations during normally progressing
pregnancies
2 Maternal stress perception
3 The prevalence of stress
4 Neuro-endocrine-immune imbalances and pregnancy
5 How to assess stress perception?
6 How to treat high-stress perception?
7 Consequences of maternal stress on reproductive outcome
8 Summary and recommendations
References
Chapter 8. Antiphospholipid syndrome and recurrent pregnancy
losses
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Evaluations
3 Clinical practice management
4 Monitoring
5 Delivery and puerperium
6 Fetal and neonatal outcome
7 aPL and infertility
8 Summary and recommendations
References
Chapter 9. Antisperm antibodies and reproductive failure
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Definition
3 Prevalence
4 Underlying immunopathologies related to reproduction
5 Evaluation
6 Treatment
7 Reproductive outcomes
8 Summary and recommendations
References
Chapter 10. Antithyroid antibodies and reproductive function
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Definition of autoimmune thyroiditis
3 Prevalence
4 Underlying immunopathology
5 Evaluation
6 Treatment
7 Reproductive outcomes
8 Summary and recommendation
References
Chapter 11. Fetal/neonatal alloimmune-mediated thrombocytopenia
and recurrent pregnancy loss
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Definition
3 Prevalence
4 Underlying immunopathology related to reproduction
5 Evaluation
6 Treatment
7 Reproductive outcomes
8 Summary and recommendations
References
Chapter 12. Infectious and noninfectious endometritis and recurrent
pregnancy loss
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Definition
3 Summary and recommendations
References
Chapter 13. Thrombophilic pathologies in recurrent pregnancy
losses
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Thrombophilia
3 Physiologic hypercoagulability in pregnancy
4 Inherited thrombophilia and recurrent pregnancy loss
5 Evaluation
6 Treatment of inherited thrombophilia
7 Reproductive outcomes
8 Summary and recommendations
References
Chapter 14. Rheumatic diseases and reproductive outcomes
Abstract
1 Rheumatic conditions and pregnancy outcome
2 Rheumatoid arthritis
3 Systemic lupus erythematosus
4 Systemic sclerosis
5 Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
6 Neonatal lupus
7 Conclusion
8 Summary and recommendations
References
Section III: Repeated implantation failures
Chapter 15. The role of reproductive immunology in recurrent
pregnancy loss and repeated implantation failure
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Definitions and terminology
3 Prevalence
4 Underlying immunopathology related to reproduction
5 Evaluation
6 Treatment
7 Reproductive outcomes
8 Summary and recommendations
References
Chapter 16. The embryo in reproductive failure: immunological
view
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Embryo-derived signals influencing the local immune
environment
3 Embryo-endometrial dialogue
4 Recurrent implantation failure
5 Improving implantation rate
6 Immunomodulation
7 Summary and recommendations
References
Chapter 17. Natural killer cell pathology and repeated implantation
failures
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Natural killer cell and pregnancy
3 Underlying immunopathologies related to reproduction
4 Candidates for evaluation
5 Treatment
6 Summary and recommendations
References
Chapter 18. Helper T cell pathology and repeated implantation
failures
Abstract
1 The role of helper T cells in reproductive medicine
2 Th cell immunopathology and repeated implantation failure
3 Prevalence
4 The theoretical understanding for the application of
immunomodulation therapy in recurrent implantation failure
5 Evaluation
6 Immunomodulation treatments targeting T helper cell
pathology
7 Reproductive outcome
8 Summary and recommendations
References
Chapter 19. B-cell pathology and repeated implantation failures
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 B-cell immunopathology and reproduction
3 Dysregulation of B cells in women with repeated implantation
failure
4 Clinical translational perspectives of B-cell immunopathology
5 Summary and recommendations
References
Chapter 20. Endometrial pathology and repeated implantation
failures
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Endometrial pathologies
3 Endometrial immunopathology
4 Immune treatments for women with abnormal immune profile
5 Key points
References
Chapter 21. Thrombophilia, antiphospholipid antibodies, and
anticoagulation in recurrent implantation failure
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Definition of thrombophilia
3 Prevalence
4 Underlying immunopathologies related to reproduction
5 Diagnosis
6 Treatment
7 Summary and recommendations
References
Section IV: Dysregulated neuroimmuneendocrine network
in reproductive failures
Chapter 22. The ovarian immune pathology and reproductive
failures
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Ovarian immunology
3 Ovarian autoimmunity
4 Primary ovarian insufficiency
5 Diseases associated with ovarian autoimmunity
6 Diagnosis of primary ovarian insufficiency
7 Treatment for autoimmune primary ovarian insufficiency
8 Reproductive outcomes
9 Summary and recommendations
References
Chapter 23. Polycystic ovarian syndrome and reproductive failure
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Hyperandrogenism and reproductive failure in polycystic
ovarian syndrome
3 Insulin resistance and reproductive failure in polycystic ovarian
syndrome
4 Chronic inflammation and reproductive failures in polycystic
ovarian syndrome
5 Conclusion
6 Summary and Recommendations
References
Chapter 24. Metabolic control of immune responses in women with
recurrent pregnancy loss and recurrent implantation failure
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Definition and prevalence
3 Underlying immunometabolic pathologies related to recurrent
pregnancy loss and recurrent implantation failure
4 Evaluation
5 Treatment and reproductive outcomes
6 Summary and recommendations
Fundings
References
Chapter 25. Endometriosis and reproductive failures
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Mechanism of endometriosis-related reproductive failure
3 Immune aspect of endometriosis-related pregnancy failure
4 Treatment options
5 Summary and recommendations
References
Chapter 26. Laboratory approaches for reproductive failure:
immunological biomarkers for reproductive failures
Abstract
1 Genomic evaluation
2 Local decidual measurements
3 Peripheral blood cell analysis
4 Autoantibodies in recurrent pregnancy loss
5 Endocrine workup
6 Other assays
7 Summary and recommendations
References
Further reading
Index
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