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New Energy System Model Approach (NESMA)

List of participants

Participant No. Participant organisation Country

name

1 (Coordinator) HMU Greece

2 Nexus Analytica Egypt

3 Tunisian Company of Electricity Tunisia

and Gas (STEG); MICROGRID
Laboratory

4 National Engineering School of Tunisia

Sfax (ENIS)

5 Ecole polytechnique de Lomé Togo

(EPL)

6 Technology Center Energy Germany

(TZE), University of Applied
Sciences Landshut

7 University of Florence (UNIFI) Italy

8 Lithuanian Innovation Center Lithuania

9 University of Zagreb Faculty of Croatia

Electrical Engineering and
Computing (UNIZGFER)

10 Wandsronk BV Netherlands

11 STOLECT France

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Contents
1 Excellence..........................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Objectives and Ambition........................................................................................................3
1.2 Methodology.........................................................................................................................9
2 Impact..........................................................................................................................................24
2.1 Project’s pathways towards Impact.....................................................................................24
2.2 Measures to maximise impact - Dissemination, exploitation and communication..............24
3 Quality and efficiency of the implementation.............................................................................26
3.1 Work plan and resources.....................................................................................................26
TO BE COMPLETED and corrected...................................................................................................51
Management structure, milestones and procedures......................................................................52
3.2 Consortium as a whole........................................................................................................55

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1 Excellence
1.1 Objectives and Ambition
This project will develop an open source platform for modelling energy system for the
African continent introducing new innovative technologies to support and reach exact need of
African country which they have many specificities, the size of countries the access of the
population to the energy, the lack of infrastructure, difficulty to invest in this countries, some
of demand especially cooking use CO2 emission fuel thus the use of electricity represent a
climate friendly solution.
The African country hold also big resources in term of renewable energy, solar and wind
power within big inhabitant area so that could be used to produce alternative green fuel as
green hydrogen and green ammonia.
Finally the introduction of flexibility by mean of long duration energy storage, advanced
smart grid application and production of heat in a way to be independent from electricity,
both at the level of production and demand can ensure a secure and stable supply of energy

The following objectives will be also achieved in the process:

1. Developing an open source platform for modelling energy system with a new approach, new
assumption to secure supply of stable energy
2. Introduce a new approach taking in account the energy transformation for the next decade
with an assumption of a full renewable energy integration
3. Introducing new assumption for the integration of renewable energy by proposing new
economical approach by merging production of electricity with alternative fuel
4. Introducing a framework for updating the existing mean of production to be net zero emission
in term of CO2 by introducing the transformation of CO2 to commercial good and the capture
it and use it as fuel by introducing solid oxide or molten carbonate fuel cell
5. The model will perform a focus on separating the heat energy from electricity and thus by
introducing it as a tool of flexibility at the level of residential sector
6. Coupling water and food security to the energy is one of big issue for a major part of African
population. The access to the energy still a big issue for rural population with huge impact on
climate. The population in the cities are characterized by a high density with big metropole
with population living in slum within a problem of controlling the access to energy that
impact hugely the energy system of these country because of the problem of theft inducing a
high ratio of losses
7. The data analytics for this project represent a large valuable work as this data will serve to
build a data set and library of assumption and technologies that will be introduced for the
model, the approach will consist in breaking all the data related to the activities that need
access to the energy, the work will be conducted by gathering data impacting directly the use
of energy starting from the demand and going up till the production.
Data like distribution of the population, economic sector detail, local climate, and existing
infrastructure will be addressed. The main tasks is to apply analytics that will help to justify
the technologies to be introduced in the model based on multi-criteria analysis.
Analytics will bring predictive tool and classification tool to bring best place for the
implementation of renewable energy to the model platform, it will help optimizing the
implementation of the technologies introduced in the model platform which are the key factor
for NESMA proposal.
8. The proposed technologies which will be leveraged by the model platform in NESMA
proposal are:
a. Implementation of a long duration energy storage through REDOX FLOW BATTERY
and pumped heat storage energy system
b. Implementation of Non Wire Alternative to optimize use of existing infrastructure and by
introducing MVDC technology

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c. Associating the energy system model to the security of food and access to the water
d. Enabling the production of alternative green fuel like Hydrogen and Ammonia through
optimizing use of renewable and investigating new place of implementation coupled to
MVDC technology
e. Identifying the renewable by region and by resources covering, hydropower, solar, wind,
bioenergy and geothermal
f. Implementing MINGRID/MICROGRID for isolated area
g. Implementing solution at the level of residential demand through solar thermal mounted on
faced for seasonable storage of heat/cooling
h. Using the existing infrastructure of natural Gas for leveraging market of green fuel
i. Introducing flexibility asset to make energy system reliable
9. The NESMA proposal will test the model through three region in the continent resuming all
issue that faced the countries in term of access to secured supply of energy. The test will be
based on a co-simulation platform between research infrastructures each one will test
technology introduced by the model. This platform will serve also as a training platform to
transfer know how to African planner and decision maker

Figure 1: The NESMA proposal approach

Figure 1 and 2, describe the interaction between the work packages and their content. The final
objective of the NESMA proposal is to bring decision maker and planner, insight on technologies
proposed in the modelling platform.

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State of the Art

The present modelling energy system take in account the fossil fuel primary energy within the
technologies that use the fossil fuel it reach the need of energy of the population and the economic
activity.
There is a big disparity between African country for the access to energy which remain a big issue for
many African countries
 The actual approach consist in finding resources to bring an answer to the energy access issue
 Some basic demand at the level of residential demand in the rural population are suffering
from lack of access to energy which imply a lack of access to water and so bring them in
dangerous situation
 The modelling for more advanced countries in AFRICA consist to satisfy the evolution of the
demand and take decision build up principally on that assumption
 The integration of renewable energy are really limited from the investment involved in
renewable sector 90% of them go only to 4 country. The renewable energy focus only on
solar and wind power with some exception of solar thermal in Egypt and geothermal in
Kenya and Ethiopia. The PV and wind power are integrated on the same assumption reaching
the evolution of the demand, the problem of this technologies that they are variable and in
major of the time they don’t produce electricity at the same time of when it is requested from
demand side.
 Wind power and PV are generally expensive and don’t participate in securing energy supply
at constraint moment example from Tunisia where there is more than 400 MW installed
between solar PV and wind power representing 10% of the total installed capacity but they
don’t have any impact on the energy system, same example for Egypt or morocco where they
have a huge installed capacity but they are obligated to make curtailment of production of this
resource to maintain the stability of the grid
 Significant curtailment of Variable Renewable Energy Sources (VRES) are the main problem
for PV and wind power. An alternative approach are needed to make this technologies reliable
 Solar thermal due to the expensive cost are very limited a 50 MW of CSP was planned in
Tunisia since 2008 and never installed, the main plant are located in EGYPT and Morocco,
still this plant need high foot print for implementation and variable and half cycle production,
not 24h per day of production. Another point presenting an issue is the impact of this plat on
the grid infrastructure.
 The most constraint weighting to the stability of grid and energy system globally, which
induce a dependency on fossil fuel, is the final use of electricity for cooling. By addressing
this need at the level of demand it will reduce drastically the CO2 footprint
 MINIGRID and MICROGRID become solution for many African countries suffering from
lack of energy access, these solution could be developed by mean of smart grid application
leveraging the use of bioenergy and biogas. Depending on country biogas can coupled to
wind/Solar or small hydropower
 Addressing directly the demand side by PV on rooftop or solar thermal, still only used in
Europe and only address the hot water need in African countries, this technologies are cheap
and can be used in such a way to optimize the global energy system by focusing action at the
demand side.
 The actual situation in Africa for the energy system is a clear dependency on fossil fuel, the
main used fuel is natural gas, gasoil, coal, hydropower and nuclear. The African continent
have a large resource regarding wind power, solar thermal and solar PV.

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Figure 2- data assessment of energy system in AFRICA

The modelling platform will enable innovative technology that will leverage the use of renewable
energy and contribute to a social and economic development of the population. The modelling
platform will also bring solution to the issue of energy access

1. MICROGRID and MINIGRID implementation will drastically solve the problem of access to
the energy of rural population and will guarantee the security of food and water of this
vulnerable population
2. The assessment of data coupled to advancements in AI, Artificial Neural Networks and
abundance of data and related services (like fine-grained and ubiquitous weather forecasts)
will make increasingly affordable the computations required for the modelling platform.
3. Due to the steadily increasing efficiency of wind and solar generators, renewable energy has
either become cheaper, or on the way of becoming cheaper, than fossil-fuel generated energy.
This is happening faster than expected due to the war in Eastern Europe. The platform will
enable high share of renewable within the technologies we will introduce, the shift from fossil
fuel to renewable resource based on smart grid is realistic
4. Data analytics introduced in the proposal and tool that will provide within the smart grid
application will reduce costly updates of energy system by enabling the Grid to work closer to
full capacity, and enhancing use of energy when it is needed which will decrease distribution
costs and avoid huge investment in grid infrastructure.

The main objective of the modelling platform and its result is helping planner and decision maker
to choose technologies and new approach based on the assumption and scenario defined in the
proposal, to leverage the optimization and efficiency of the energy system with positive social and
economic impact.

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a) The first one is the requirement of lowering CO2 emission to fight climate change. This is a
main issue for African countries because it is a fact that the poorest countries are more vulnerable
to this main change that is demonstrated it accelerated than expected.
b) The second one is the energy security, closely related to security of food and access to water
for many population especially rural one. a higher share of renewables on the Grid, and
innovative technologies in smart grid will decreasing imports of fossil fuels and then decrease the
vulnerability that these population are suffering.
c) Action on demand side will have a big impact to optimize both the implementation of
renewable energy and the increase the share of renewable on the energy system supply. The
optimization will cover the cost which even they decrease in the last decade still very expensive
for country suffering from poverty
d) Breaking the use of electricity at the demand side to address this need through smart grid
application and innovative technologies which they will be key factor for a flexibility market, is
one of the solution that will make the energy system efficient. Electrification is seen as a means of
decarbonisation for both population in cities and in rurality. The expansion of need for African
countries covering the cooking for rural population is an objective achieved by implementing
solution at the demand side like MICROGRID and MINIGRID
c) Fighting poverty and ensuring a security for food and access to water depend strongly on
access to the energy, electricity for many of these vulnerable population became a climate
friendly solution and efficient way to ensure security. The socio-economic impact can be
leveraged depending on the solution implemented, MICROGRID and MINIGRID can ensure
these objective. Technology to be implemented will come from direct environment so using
biogas is evident solution technology to be implemented have to reach basic need of these
population a molten carbonate fuel cell will produce electricity, water for drink, and heat that can
furnish solution to a local economic activities based essentially in cultivation. It also open door
for new technologies in cultivation like using efficient greenhouses made possible by the
production of heat locally. Access and use of water will be possible through the implementation
of MINIGRID and MICROGRID. The use of this technologies decrease the need of investment in
infrastructure and need to new power plant.
d) The primary fuel in AFRICA still depending on fossil fuel despite the fact that there is many
resources in wind and solar, NESMA project propose a platform modelling that present
assumption for the implementation of solar and wind power system focused in the production of
alternative fuel, ammonia and hydrogen which will create a new market with high ration of job
creation. The approach that will index region by its capacity of renewable production and its
existing infrastructure will create a trade exchange of energy between region and countries which
will be very beneficial for the population in term of job creation and leveraging the quality of life.

Innovation beyond the state of the art

NESMA proposal will introduce innovative technology that will enable the optimization of the energy
system and replacing the fossil fuel dependency by a share of renewable energy at 100%. The use of
data analytics and multi-criteria analysis will help to achieve this objective.

The integration of advanced smart grid application will make possible the optimization of existing
infrastructure and the future one, by addressing the need by resources available and needs of target
population, depending on economic activities and distribution of the population among the country.

Data analytics will play a key role to define set of data for the modeling platform and will use multi-
criteria analysis to give assumption for place of implementation, nature of resource to handle,
economic justification of implementation.

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This analysis will bring also path to follow for the strategy of alternative fuel to follow. Socio-
economic impact on population and country will be than taken in account for future decision
regarding the policy to follow in the energy system
Alternative fuel will be linked with renewable energy implementation based on existing resources,
green hydrogen and ammonia will be fuel associated to renewable and availability of water and waste
water production. Biodiesel as alternative to gas turbine will be introduced by using algae cultivation
that will have double objective, consuming CO2 and producing bio-diesel

Technology readiness level

All key enabling components are ready to use and are provided either provided by project partners or
are in advanced research stage:
 The long duration energy system technologies is new advanced technology with pilot
implementation but also industrial project in the USA. STEG started study of implementation
to make renewable wind power controllable and introduce a Non Wire Alternative to optimize
the use of grid infrastructure in region suffering from high level of energy losses.
 ORC system machine to be implemented for waste heat and enhanced geothermal system
 REDOX FLOW BATTERY is an innovative implemented in medium size and small size, it
offer many flexibility for implanting MINIGRID.
 Low exergy building as asset of flexibility is a solution presenting many advantages for
population and also low exergy building will reduce the part of electricity converted to heat,
which represent 25% to 35% of converted electricity in the share of load in residential sector
 MICROGRID/MINIGRID with grid forming inverter, is the solution to be considered to
ensure access to energy for a large part of the population suffering from lack of access to
energy. MINIGRID and MICROGRID can be considered as the solution for the major part of
rural population living in isolated situation
 Production of green fuel by associating waste water into the cycle of production is a solution
for the production of hydrogen and at the same time bring to the population a solution of
health issue due to lack of waste water infrastructure. Using waste water for production of
electricity will be sensitive especially that we can produce both biogas and green hydrogen by
ensuring the availability of water
 Implementation of innovative solution for grid infrastructure using smart grid to implement
Non wire alternative to reduce new investment on infrastructure and optimise the use of
existing infrastructure
 Implementation of flexibility market to make the energy system more reliable mainly through
use of batteries but also at the demand side too
 Dissociating heat production from electricity, heat represent a very big part of kind of load in
fact high ratio of electricity are converted to heat through residential vanadium redox flow
battery and use of solar thermal and heat storage we reduce actually production of electricity
by 30%
 Introducing Analytics for multi criteria analysis in control system and belong the advanced
smart grid application to make possible an optimized energy system and well planned
expansion of energy

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 For green fuel, production of green ammonia and biodiesel to achieve multiple objective for
the biodiesel the production from algae cultivation achieve the objective of capturing the CO2
as an income of the system and for green ammonia the product can be used both as green
fertilizer and fuel. This approach give a multitude of alternative fuel that can be used for
electricity production ensuring independency from fossil fuel

1.2 Methodology
The proposed model take in account the existing situation at the continent, assumption that
will be based will be the replacing the dependency to fossil fuel to alternative green fuel, use
of more renewable energy and having a large share of renewable technologies.
Figure n°3 show the approach of the model that will be developed in NESMA

Figure 3- energy model diagram

The model will use the assessment of data of WP1 to propose replacement of primary fuel
from fossil to renewable playing on the development of all renewable source and also by
introducing new assumption for the implementation of solar and wind technologies.

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Tools will be developed using AI to have better place for the implementation of renewable
energy in such a way that it will cover the load with less expenses and efficient way to ensure
the supply of energy.
Data analytics will bring three outputs
- First output is multi analysis criteria taking in account a social, economic, population
distribution, climate and resources parameter. This will validate assumption of expansion
capacity in African continent and pose foundation the choice of technologies and
strategies of implementation
- The second output is to provide the modelling platform with a set of data and will give
the model tools, API using AI, that will be used to give realistic simulation of variable
renewable energy and also implement adequate innovative technologies for African
context
- The third output of data analytics is linking the different resources with data related to
scenario, assumption and technologies to be used with the security of food and access to
water
The energy modelling will introduce these technologies with assumption based on objective
to give an access to energy to all the population within guarantee of food security and
economic growth of African countries.
Specificity of African continent is the weak ratio of population that have access to energy
mainly because of poverty, large space of theses country lack of infrastructure. In the same
time the continent dispose of enormous resources regarding the renewable energy and use of
advanced smart grid application can ensure the access to the energy to the population with
higher positive impact.
The assumptions will be based on
- Creation of alternative fuel share, including hydrogen, ammonia and bio-diesel, these fuel
will be produced using renewable energy. Ensuring a capacity of storage that will supply
the energy system. The production unit will than not change, only the fuel change
- Transition from fossil fuel to green fuel will be based on the introduction of net zero
emission solution with valorising of waste heat, capturing the CO2 and blending the fuel
till total replacement,
- Linking the energy sector with water cycle and especially the waste water for production
of biogas, hydrogen and ammonia which represent a solution to cover the issue of food
security faced by a big part of African countries, as the ammonia will serve as green
fertilizer for agriculture activities and also fuel for power plant production
- Introduction of innovative technologies reliable and efficient for African context, fuel
cell/electrolysis, enhanced geothermal system, recovery of waste heat, the long duration
energy system through the redox flow battery and pumped heat energy storage giving
seasonable storage capacity and implementation of flexibility at the demand side
- Expansion of capacity through the use of the infrastructure by mean of advanced smart
grid application, the Non Wire Alternative is a solution to reduce investment and optimize
use of production and energy transmission, it involve seasonable capacity of storage
which will be used to make the variable renewable energy controllable
- Smart grid application will play important role for handling the new share of technology
and fuel. This will be achieved using data analytics applied to curve load weather to make
demand in phase with the production
- Extension of capacity, as green fuel will be an alternative, will be built for the production
of electricity and also to supply unit of fuel production, electrolysis. Linking energy to
water will be than considered as important point to guarantee the production of hydrogen
and ammonia
- Expansion of capacity is accompanied with expansion of infrastructure, something
expansive and not really efficient big percentage of the population is rural and had an
issue with the access to the energy, MINIGRID/MICROGRID implementation is very
efficient solution, flexible and optimized for the specific need of the rural population. The
grid forming inverter will play main role in MINIGRID/MICROGRID as solar and biogas
will be the main used technologies for their implementation

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- Following the grow of the population and their distribution on the land
MICROGRID/MINIGRID can rise to be interconnected to the main grid, the introduction
of MVDC infrastructure can handle this expansion and also the inter-regional connexion
based on the performance of region from point of view resource and demand

Figure 4- Africa installed capacity by resources

WP1 will bring analytics to handle the rightful technologies to implement in the energy model, the
analytics which will be developed by the partner NEXUS ANALATYCA will focus on existing
resources to make output for WP2 and WP3.
The technologies presented in WP2 are part of assumption for the expansion of the energy system and
the transition from fossil fuel energy production to total green and sustainable energy system
Analytics will cover the resources for production of electricity and demand side to address the need
based on the distribution of the population, displacement of the population and its growth and the
economic sector.
Data analytics will bring a focus on agriculture activities and water access by addressing the need of
this activities which is distributed and dependent from access to energy, solution have to be efficient
and optimum for African continent
Figure 4 show the share of energy by source in term of capacity installed, the source used has to be
shifted to renewable energy and green fuel.
The production corresponding to this capacity is shown in figure 5, and show the gap between
theoretical generation and real generation. It is noticeable that a big part of the generation are lost
through technical losses and also through commercial losses impact of losses on the mean of
production represent a big issue and real constraint to maintain stable system.
Losses represent a value in an interval from 10% to 70% of the total production. It depend on
countries the average mean of losses is about 13%, but this data have to be revised by country and by
resources. For northern part of AFRICA the mean average will concern the natural gas so 25% of
produced energy is lost. For sub-saharian countries the main losses will concern coal, hydro and other
fossil fuel.
Data analytics will develop tool to replace this share of energy based on existing data and prevision of
growth to present new assumption for alternative fuel.
The generation from renewable energy despite the capacity installed still represent a small part, to
resolve this problem data analytics will work on individual curve of production but also in hourly load
curve during all season to put in adequacy the production of energy and the final consumption.
Analytics will work than in disaggregated load profile by sector with indication of region. A work on
demand side will be conducted to eliminate the heat part from the electricity and replaced by heat
production dissociated from electricity. Finally the approach here is to make the production very close

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to the consumption, data analytics will infer from the different data assessed the distribution grid,
small scale production and small scale unit is the solution for an efficient and secured supply of
energy. As shown in figure 6 the generation from renewable still very marginal in the total
production.

Figure 6- share of generation of electricity by resources

This production is not optimised and part of it is lost in grid infrastructure when the production is low
also the other generated electricity from coal and other fossil fuel suffer from high level of losses.
With data analytics handling the distribution grid the energy model will focus in placing the
generation at the level of Middle Voltage and Low Voltage. The advanced smart grid application with
storage asset and virtualisation of production will play huge role to make production in phase with
consumption.
Typical load profile will be used to optimise the production, it will a part of data set that will be used
in the energy model. A probabilistic approach based on AI and machine learning will serve to the
energy modelling platform to take in account this variability.
Bulk implementation will be reviewed in new way following the national load profile by season the
bulk production will ensure production of alternative fuel to replace base fuel production from fossil
fuel.
The WP2 will complete the data assessment in WP1 but with a focus on technologies and alternative
fuel production technologies. We will introduce these technologies as assumption for the energy
model, data analytics will be treating the life cycle of the technologies based on different scenario of
implementation and will deliver an hourly output. This output will be curve of production, data
translating the inertia of the system. The linked data regional resource, population distribution,
economic sector, existing infrastructure, extra, will be used to define scenario where ad-equation
between variable production and demand will be guaranteed.

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Figure 7-2: Typical production of solar and

Figure 7-1:Typical power curve for two season wind for two season
Figure 7 present the typical consumption in Nigeria and Niger belong to typical production of PV and
wind power system, there is a multitude of profile in the side of variable renewable energies and load
curve generally are typical than it is question to disaggregate the consumption by sector. The idea is to
use multi-criteria analysis to implement the variable renewable energy in the right place with an asset
of flexibility which will be the long duration energy storage and other batteries.
The storage system is a key for multitude of application that will enable a secured supply of energy
from the renewable, vanadium redox flow battery from Landshut University and the pumped heat
energy storage will be used to validate the following application
- Non Wire Alternative, associating Lithium batteries with Long Duration Energy storage,
to survey and regulate the dynamic load rate of existing grid infrastructure without
engaging new investment and also optimising and harvesting the maximum production
from renewable energy at any time
- Setting the Long Duration Energy Storage as an asset of flexibility to avoid curtailment of
renewable production, giving spinning reserve capacity
- Enabling technologies like CSP and thermal storage, giving 24 hour cycle for multi-
energies production, like green hydrogen and green ammonia
- The long duration energy storage capacity to produce either the electricity, heat and al -
ternative fuel can be deployed to address specific need in industry and residential sector,
the heat representing 30% of electricity consumption which can specifically addressed
through heat storage for dry season
- LDES facilitated the implementation of MICROGRID/MINIGRID to ensure an intraday
and multiday flexibility to ensure a continuous supply.
- Upgrading mining activities by replacing coal mine by renewable bulk production
- The vanadium redox flow battery will be tested for the implementation in rural
electrification topology including the use in MINIGRID/MICROGRID
- The vanadium redox flow battery also will be integrated at the demand side at the level of
houses to address the heat demand
The demand side will be addressed especially for heat need and as flexibility tool, the building energy
approach leveraged by Wandsdronk BV will be implemented as a tool of flexibility by managing the
thermal storage capacity in houses, flat, building, and extra. This capacity will be obtained through
use of solar thermal installed on façade with possibility to be associated with residential vanadium
redox flow battery.
Smart grid application within device presented above will permit to build a flexibility asset which will
have an impact in the energy system. For our approach data analytics developed in the WP1 will
deliver output to be able to implement small scale and middle scale unit for production of energy in a
way that the distribution grid infrastructure will be addressed in priority, this will create another
resources in the share of renewable energy and that resource will be the energy avoided or capability
to not consume energy. Bellow figure demonstrate this capacity which is obtained by having
flexibility capacity at the demand side which will be added to heat dissociated from electricity.

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Figure 8- transition from fossil share of energy to renewable fuel

In the figure 8 heat is produced from renewable and not converted from electricity, and the flexibility
is traduced by electricity consumption avoided.
The assumption here is to act at the load side to reduce the impact at the production side solution that
will be integrated is to implement MICROGRID/MINIGRID with storage, biogas production, PV
with grid forming inverter and integration of MCFC, Molten carbonate Fuel Cell, for both production
of electricity and water.
MCFC offer many advantages the first one that it consume CO2, the second is its impact on
agricultural activity by ensuring a production of drinkable water.
MCFC can be installed in battery way and achieve high power rate and can represent a solution to
upgrade existing power plant to be a net zero emission

The technologies presented in WP2 are not limited to technology itself it introduce also an approach
for alternative fuel. The considered fuel are green hydrogen, green ammonia, methanol and biodiesel.
Ammonia and methanol are derived from hydrogen, production will be through renewable energy.
Bulk renewable energy will be considered with help of long duration energy storage installed at the
level of High voltage grid. Multitude technologies will be associated to have 24 Hours cycle of
production. These fuel are advanced fuel and technologies to convert them to electricity start to be
visible in the market, blending fuel with fossil one can be considered for a transitive pathway.
Biodiesel is introduced because of how it is produced we will consider a microalgae cultivation that
consume CO2 to produce biodiesel, assumption will focus principally on the levelized cost of
production and the valorisation of CO2 as it become an input stream, exactly like the case of MCFC
The economic parameter will be developed for different scenario of integration departing from the
existing share of power plant and based on pathway to make a transitive energy from fossil fuel to
partially base on fossil fuel till the end only based on sustainable and renewable fuel. Different
analytics will be developed by Nexus Analatyca and tested for every pole of energy as the figure 8
show variety in the share of primary energy from region to region, 5 region are considered in figure 8.
The last fuel to be considered is geothermal which is located in the rift from south west till the African
horn and can define a bulk production that can be considered as base production. In the same resource
there is the enhanced geothermal system technology that can be used to valorise what is called the
geothermal gradient resource where is located in North Africa including Egypt

Output of WP1 and WP 2 will constitute a data set that will be integrated in the model. Also analytics
applied at the level of WP1 and WP2 will identify clearly the scenario under the assumption defined
partly in WP2 for the integration of the innovative technologies we listed above. The model will be
constructed as shown in figure 9 and will be based on the open source platform OseMOSYS. Tools
will be added to the model, these tools will complete the platform to take in account the different
resources that impact the energy and adress the objective of 100% of renewable integration and use
of alternative green fuel.
The tools to be developped zill be:

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- The climate and ground data analysis that will address all probable production curve of
variable renewable source
- Flexibility tool calculation that will give to the model the impact of flexibility through use
of thermal storage and advanced smart grid application
- Storage tool for the implementation of storage system associated to bulk production of
renewablee
- Regional indicator tool for optimum implementation of renewable energy in distributed
grid, this tool will include Placement tool for optimum selection of place where minigrid
and renewable could be implememented
- Heat demand side management, through Building flexibility asset throw low exergy, this
tool wil manage the demand at the side of final client it will bring model the energy
avoided that normally have to be converted to reach need of heat by comparing with
standard use of air condionner and the impact on cost and constraint for the energy
system
- Dynamic load profile curve, by disaggregation the consumption by element, by season
generally dry and wet season
- Generation capcity through distribution grid by virtualisation platform and aggregating
distributed generation system by region
- Alternative fuel production implementation tool that will give for the model the best
place to implement unit of production taking in account regional resources and existing
infrastructure, by appling multi-criteria anlysis where water cycle and renewable
proximity or region, with high resource, proximity
- Grid losses optimisation for maximum use of production enhancing dynamic load profile
infrastructure

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Figure 9- structure of the energy model

The defined tool will generate output by optimising use of data delivered by WP1and WP2. The
assumption for energy system described partly by the different technologies chosen in WP2 can be
resumed for the modelling by the following points/
- Implementation of small scale or middle scale unit of production
- Addressing the distribution grid to reduce distance between production and demand
- Implementation of MINIGRID/MICROGRID as rural solution by including solution
focused on agriculture and securing access to water and eliminating fossil fuel used
mainly in houses
- Bulk production implementation for production of electricity and alternative fuel,
hydrogen and its derivative, based on rated region or site depending on strength of
resources, no negative impact for the footprint (aride zone, water dam, extra) proximity to
infrastructure and/or levilized cost of implementation for MVDC/HVDC to link
renewable energy green fuel production unit and possible energy trading between region
- Implementation solution for net zero emission of existing plant and maintaining the
natural gas trade by introducing solution of capturing and using CO2, making it a stream
input for production of alternative fuel, biodiesel production and use of molten carbonate
fuel cell are two technologies ensuring this objective
- Expansion of capacity based on a share or renewable energy, alternative fuel and fossil
fuel becoming net zero emission

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- Eliminating the heat demand as part of final energy converted and implementing for
residential sector the low exergy building
- Implementing long duration energy storage for more flexible system making the
renewable energy controllable the implementation will address the mining site and use
these technologies as asset of flexibility for both delivering electricity and alternative fuel
by focusing on the different consumption curve profile in all the season to have a
flexibility at the level of base production by shifting primary fuel, from biodiesel to
ammonia for example depending on season

Figure 10 base implementation of OseMOSYS

Digital twin implementation

Digital twin platform will be implemented in WP4 to test and validate the model developed in WP3,
scenario under the assumption defined in WP3 will be validate in WP4. Test and validation will be
conducted by using a cyber physical energy system platform.
The model developed use technologies and advanced smart grid application to handle this
technologies. The CPES is rightful platform to validate the approach leveraged by the model.
Three base case will be tested these base case are representative African countries and are as follow
- The southern part region of Tunisia including the Desert, and a merge of small cities and
isolated localities
- The interconnection between ZAAFRANE site at the gulf of Sinai and KURAYMAT site
in Egypt
- The west African country comprising Nigeria, Niger, Benin and Togo
Each base case will focus on validating aspect of assumption and scenario integrated in the model and
also the efficiency and relevance of the proposed solution.
The platform will be constructed in a co-simulation model including 4 different platform one in
LANDSHUT university where the Vanadium Redox flow Battery will be test, the platform in Egypt
will focus principally in the production of alternative fuel green hydrogen and its derivative and also
will test advanced smart grid application, the Tunisian platform will be constructed by STEG and
ENIS and located in ENIS will mainly contribute to test MINIGRID/MICROGRID implementation,
testing the production and use of biodiesel and biogas,. Finally the last platform will work principally
on the PHES, pumped heat energy storage, to validate the different scenario of implementation and
assumption in traduced in WP2 and WP3. Building low exergy will be tested at ENIS with STEG to
implement a solution of demand side management focused on heat demand, the demand side
management tool that will be used is supplied by NEXUS ANALATYCA. The University of

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ZAGREB will supply a solution developed at the European level for the power to gas solution which
will be tested for the different scenario developed for the production of green fuel

Figure 11- digital platform for the CPES test and validation
The platform will be built as shown in figure 11 with an exchange data between each platform, the
platform will be than complimentary. Co-simulation modelling will be applied with a data bus serving
as a stream of exchanged data. The whole platform will communicate with the energy model for the
upscale and the validation of assumption and scenario. Each platforms will work on the basis of real
time simulator which will reproduce the inertia of the energy system infrastructure and device which
are integrated.
The objective of these platform is to build a digital twin for life cycle of the innovative technologies
introduced in our proposal
For Tunisian case the platform will be a MICROGRID working around three platform represented in
the figure 12

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Electricity

Biogas Biomass

biodiesesl

Figure 12- test platform MICROGRID

The hardware in loop will reproduce the electric grid in the southern part of Tunisia the MICROGRID
platform will interact with Hardware in loop to get data from device, principally the inertia of
production, life of cycle of system to test assumption and scenario defined in WP3 and WP2.
Alternative fuel and MINIGRID implementation will be main tested technologies and within the co-
simulation platform through the Data Bus Redox flow battery would be integrated in the real time
simulator and could be tested as virtual machine in the MICROGRID platform same thing with the
Egyptian platform where the production of hydrogen and its derivative will be tested for specific
scenario of bulk production in Tunisian desert.
The Egyptian platform will be focus on the following application:
- Production of green hydrogen and its derivative
- Non Wire Alternative, optimisation of grid infrastructure and implementation of inter-
regional MVDC infrastructure
- Implementation of Enhanced Geothermal System, EGS.
The molten carbonate fuel cell or the oxide solid fuel cell will integrate the solution of electrolysis to
get a production of water, also the implementation of EGS can be tested as the power plant is a
thermal plant cycle. The figure 13 show the infrastructure that will be implemented that will achieve
target to replace fossil fuel by green fuel.

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West African grid infrastructure and

Inter-regional exchange will be
tested in the Egyptian platform

Figure 13- test platform for Egyptian Base case

This platform will serve also for testing the third base case located at the western African where there
is many Hydro installation and plant using natural gas, the Hil platform will harvest data from wind
power, CSP and PV which will be than applied to the case of western African infrastructure. Same
test will be achieved in Tunisian platform to test the implementation of MINIGRID and
MICROGRID.
Two other platform will be used in France and Germany to make test directly on device, the Redox
Flow Battery in the University of Landshut and the pumped heat energy storage system from
STOLECT.
The objective is to acquire the exploitation data of this two data under different scenario which will be
exchange with the other platform, the life of cycle will be reproduced through a digital twin implanted
in the HiL platform in Tunisia and Egypt.

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Figure 14. Project workflow overview.

National or international research and innovation activities which will be linked with the
project.
The present Project will benefit in particular from inputs from:
 PYPSA meeting AFRICA
 Panda power
 Pypower
 TRINOMICS

Inter-disciplinary approach
The proposed Innovation Action connects several disciplines.
 A key element is the interplay of electrical and energy engineering/research with
environmental and climate science. The proposed retrofit solution will be demonstrated in
different climates, in AFRICAN continent
 The second major inter-disciplinary trait is the interaction of energy research with AI,
mathematics and data sciences. Progress in AI and algorithmic design, will be used to
implement set of data for the energy system model and also to drive the technologies to be
implemented into the model
The main Stakeholder Knowledge transferred to this Proposal is:
 ICT and technology providers
 Data scientist
 environmental science
 electricity Grid operations

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 social engagement and behaviour

 energy policy
 modelling system developer

Links with ongoing Research & Innovation Activities

The AU-EU projects that have so far addressed the issues of energy system are now discussed.
Conclusions are then drawn to prove the originality of the NESMA Proposal with respect to the State
of the Art.

LEX building within demand side management.

Buildings account for around 40% of total energy consumption and 36% of CO2 emissions in Europe.
The European Union (EU) aims at drastic reductions in domestic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of
80% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels, and the building stock should achieve even higher reductions
of at least 88-91%. Carbon used in the building construction and materials will get more impact,
especially for new buildings built to high standards for operating the building.
Heating in building energy demand is global 50%, and in Europe 70%, and nearly 75% including
cooling. The energy transition, requiring security of supply, is a heat crisis, with a need to reduce gas
imports, and to switch from fossil fuels to renewable heating and cooling technologies. Alternative
gas sources are not necessary, because a differentiation of energy sources is needed, and the
electrification of heating buildings is not a desirable solution.
In 2050, globally, the number of households is expected to rise nearly 70%, from 1.9 billion in 2010
to 3.2 billion in 2050, and the total floor area (residential and services) is expected to increase 70%,
from 206 billion m2 in 2010 to 356 billion m2 in 2050. When 78 billion m2 demolition 2010-2050 is
included, only 128 of the 206 billion m2 (Pre-2010 stock) will be part of the 356 billion m2 in 2050,
and 228 billion m2 (Post-2010 stock) will be new build.
More than one quarter of the European 2050s building stock is still to be built. The energy
consumption and related GHG emissions of those new buildings need to be close to zero in order to
reach the EU’s highly ambitious targets. For meeting the EU long term climate targets, the buildings
CO2 emissions related to the energy demand is recommended to be below 3 kg CO2/m2yr.
The global installed Distributed Energy Storage System (DESS) power capacity is expected to grow
7,066 times larger in 10 years (2014-2024). The power capacity unit hints that this mainly concerns
electrical and, to a lesser extent, heat storage. Community energy storage seems to lag behind the
residential and commercial energy storage markets.
Indoor cooling temperatures are close to the outdoor (nocturnal) temperatures, and a low-exergy

atmospheric windows and 8-13 and 17-22 𝜇m (micron) wavelengths, can be considered, requiring
solution using infrared radiation instead of electricity, emitting to space through the 1st and 2nd

both, infrared absorbing radiator, and infrared transparent insulator, materials

 Long duration Energy storage system, Redox Flow Battery and electro-thermal energy
storage

To multiply the functionality of the seasonal solar heat storage and its required investments, the
integration of a redox flow battery can be considered. Redox flow batteries perform better at higher
electrolyte temperatures, requiring R&D on either membranes or electrolytes, able to operate at 50-90
°C for example.

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 CPES multiplatform for test and validation

The cyber physical energy system is the main tools to aggregate use of energy through the smart grid
application including use of communication platform and advanced algorithm to manage energy at
both demand and production side.

Flexibility and other advanced application like the virtualisation platform for aggregating distributed
resources of production are mainly aspect of smart grid application

Aggregating the demand also offer flexibility and stability for energy system, the impact in term
mastering the use of fuel and transition from fossil fuel to green fuel is huge. So the combination of
smart grid with new technologies which will be innovative in term of management and also in term of
use inside the energy system can guarantee a complete transition to neutral energy system

The CPES platform based on hardware in loop and digital twin will give capability of testing
implementation of technologies and assumption under different scenario covering all the aspect of
energy system from primary fuel to the final demand. Breaking the test in subtest and going deep in
each application. Already the hardware in loop are used for testing implementation of renewable
energy, stability of energy system, code grid implementation extra. With the digital twin we add to
hardware test, the software test and also the simulation test for future expansion of capacity or
upscaling technologies

 Flexibility asset

The Emporium concept is characterized as a solar heating system with the smallest exergy loss (low-
exergy). Exergy (applicability or quality of energy) stands for the temperatures which are used in the
Emporium system, and which are as close as possible to the demand temperatures (20 ̊C indoor and
45 ̊C shower). The heat storage water temperature is above these two demand temperatures and below
100 ̊C, and 50 to 90 ̊C over the year. These temperatures are produced with a vacuum tube semi-
transparent solar heat collector, integrated in the southern facade of the building. The seasonal heat
storage volume is integrated with the building volume to achieve that all heat storage losses (more
than 50% through 50 cm glass or stone wool insulation) flow into the building and are used as indoor
heating.

No energy losses

The Emporium concept is characterized as a seasonal heat storage without any energy loss. An
adjustable ventilation cavity around the storage serves as a heat loss control, and as a leakage
protection. A 50 m3 storage tank (9.00 m height, 2.65 m diameter, 86 m2 wall surface) with an annual
50 to 90 ̊C temperature curve and 8.4 GJ heat load, gives, at an annual average storage temperature of
70 ̊C with a temperature difference of 50 ̊C with the 20 ̊C indoor space, and a U- value of 0.080
W/m2K, an average heat loss of 4.00 W/m2, that gives an annual heat loss of 3,013 kWh or 10.8 GJ
for 86 m2 wall surface during 8760 hours. In an optimal embodiment, this heat loss benefits to the
building.

 100% heat supply

A 50 to 60 m2 vacuum tube solar facade collector is required, for an annual supply of indoor heating,
and hot tap water, for two houses. The heat content of an at least 50 m3 heat storage is 8.4 GJ. The
10.8 GJ heat loss and this 8.4 GJ heat content added together comes to 19.2 GJ. This is sufficient as
seasonal storage for two houses with a total heat demand of 50 GJ/year, of which 12.5 per dwelling

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for indoor heating and 12.5 GJ/year for hot water. This 50 GJ/year corresponds to approximately 1430
m3 of natural gas of 35 MJ/m3.

 100 times cheaper

The 50 m3 storage vessel, with a capacity of 8.4 GJ by its 50-90 ̊C temperature curve, 10.8 GJ by its
heat losses, and 19.2 GJ or 5,333 kWh per year in total, costs approximately € 6,800 for the steel
vessel, € 7,800 for the insulation material, and € 14,600 in total, which is equal to 2.74 €/kWh. A
today electric home battery costs approximately 300 €/kWh, which means that the Emporium low-
exergy storage technology is 100 times cheaper, compared to electric and high-exergy storage
technologies.

 Temperature stratification

A storage vessel is a vertical water cylinder, in which temperature stratification arises, improving the
system performance. The solar collector efficiency increases by connecting the solar collector inlet
tube at the coldest water layer at the bottom of the storage vessel. The warm (shower) water
availability extends by connecting the warm water heat exchanger at the hottest water layer at the top
of the storage vessel.

The temperature stratification in the water column can also be used as internal overcooking
protection, in case that the solar collector heat supply is too high, or the indoor and tap water heat
demand is too low. In such a situation, the hottest water layer at the top of the storage can be cooled,
by circulating and mixing this hottest water with the coldest water layer at the bottom of the storage.

 Thermosyphon circulation

The heat circulation has a minimum of moving parts, such as pumps, is robust and silent, and requires
little maintenance. Heat Cold Storage (HCS) for example, requires both water pumps for pumping up
soil heat and heat pumps for converting the soil water to the demand temperature, requires a permit
based on the groundwater law, and the storage of exergetic high-quality energy such as gas or
electricity, and has pump runout risks and soil heat source uncertainties.

The solar collector, turned to the position of the winter sun, in an almost vertical position, leads to the
smallest heat storage volume. Compared to a roof position, the façade position of the solar heat
collector has the advantage that the collector surface increases proportionally with the widening or
raising of the building, in case of increase in the building volume and therefore energy consumption.

The façade collector and the storage vessel form a water loop that can act as a thermosyphon because
of the water temperature and water weight differences, assuming there is no risk of freezing in winter,
or loss of start-up in the morning. In the case of multiple storage vessels, these can be coupled by
means of a thermosyphon, for heat exchange between houses, and to save the oversizing of a storage
vessel for an only temporary increased individual heat demand.

 Association of water cycle, waste water use, to energy for green fuel

The main issue for green hydrogen is the availability of water which must be demineralised electrode
functioning with salt water still in research phase, a constraint on water for the production of green
hydrogen in bulk production can represent a huge issue.

Associating waste water cycle represent a useful solution achieving wealth and health objective for
the environment by made waste water economic viable by adding the production of biogas and green
hydrogen in the business model

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 Minigrid/ micro-grid implementation within grid forming inverter

With biogas and PV which are the most available means of energy production represent a solution for
many isolated locality and communities dispersed in big area like many African countries. This
minigrid can evaluate to big much bigger with micro-grid covering many communities, grid forming
inverter represent a solution to support these micro-grid through inverter from PV or Wind. The rid
forming inverter give the possibility to the grid to be supported in term of frequency by renewable
energy, no need for synchronous machine to implement the frequency for the grid

 Model development through adding API for climate change impact, probabilistic tool
for variable renewable energy, place implementation tool

The innovation in modelling reside in integrating the variability aspect of renewable energy and the
random aspect of the production, also the implementation of renewable energy at the level of demand
side increase this aspect by adding the probabilistic aspect and variation of the demand. For utility
scale renewable energy, the problem mainly reside in the delay between production and consumption.
Optimising the production of the renewable asset is the main objective to avoid the losses, by
coupling storage to this asset we can achieve this objective. Many real test are conducted in Europe
with the Ringo project in France which will use excess of wind production to optimise the energy
system infrastructure

Modelling theses advanced application will need interface, API/tools that will reproduce this inertia at
the level of model. Renewable energy will be used in different way depending on use case the
production curve will be assessed differently by use case. There is a need of tools principally based on
a probabilistic approach to take in account the different way of implementation and cycle life.

The approach will link the energy system with water use and with local climate because they have
impact on energy.

The optimization tool will also include the place of implementation as the model will focus on
distribution grid asset to be reliable

 Enhanced geothermal system for base production

Geothermal system is very flexible and neutral as a thermal power plant it use an underground
resource, generally the magma to produce a steam and then with this steam we produce electricity but
without the steam generator consuming fossil fuel, this is the traditional approach for geothermal use
in energy. Another approach based on geothermal gradient map which give the opportunity to create
an underground artificial reservoir to produce hot stream that will be used to drive an ORC cycle
machine, KALYNA cycle machine or binary cycle machine. These technologies are used to valorise
the low gradient temperature stream.

It used for many technologies like waste to heat and also for long duration storage system in pumping
heat energy storage, PHES.

 Data analytics for building data library focusing on implementation of renewable at

level of MV and LV grid

A part of the model will be the data set that will be used by the energy model in different context
defined by the assumption and scenario of technology implementation. The data will be principally a
result of analytics that combine many other linked input like the climate, the availability of resources,
business model that will link parameter of CAPEX and OPEX to an approach based on reducing scale
of implementation by including the impact on stability and parameter hided like losses and by
introducing new cost like CO2 cost

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Gender Dimension
The proposed model is user friendly
And based on a new approach that will require a multitude of input and discipline, in data science,
electrical engineering, power system and informatics which will encourage, gender, but also age,
education level, etc as it makes the user experience easier and straightforward to everybody.
Implementation of Open Science practices

2 Impact
2.1 Project’s pathways towards Impact
The NESMA proposal approach has the potential to impact the economic grow of African countries
and leverage the quality of life for the population

2.2 Measures to maximise impact - Dissemination, exploitation and

communication
a) Dissemination and Exploitation of Results
Plan for the dissemination and exploitation of the project's results
NESMA is expected to make an impact on African energy system and create market of energy
increasing comfort and reducing the vulnerability of the population for access to energy. NESMA will
optimize the energy expenditure and create circular economy ensuring food security and handle the
effect of climate change by having a green growing with reduced greenhouses gas emissions.
The main target groups of NESMA are social
Business Strategy?: how the solution will be marketed after Project’s end?

Conferences, events and publications

 Conference and Events: Potential conferences to attend have been identified. For example:
IEEE SmartGridComm; ICAE (International Conference on Applied Energy); ICHEMCT
(Home Energy Management and Control Technologies Conference); Workshops/conferences
by the IEA (International Energy Agency); Events by AIVC (Air Infiltration and Ventilation
Center); IAFOR Int. Conference on Sustainability, Energy and the Environment;
 Peer reviewed Papers: 2 articles per year in Q1 ranked scientific journals for the entire
Project. Example journals are Elsevier’s Applied Energy, Energy, Renewable Energy,
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Solar Energy; Nature Energy.
 .
 All Consortium members are strongly encouraged to attend local/National events (e.g. to be
completed) as they provide a high return for a limited investment. Participation and
organisation of Virtual Events is encouraged as well. To be reviewed and
completed by HMU, all partner

Information on how the participants will manage data

datasets about energy usage are quite rare and holding them would be actually in the interest of the
Consortium members.

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Strategy for knowledge management and protection

The peer reviewed papers resulting from NESMA, anticipated in the “Plan for the dissemination and
exploitation of the project's results”, Section “Conferences, events and publications” will be granted
Green Open Access: a preprint or post-print will be uploaded to the Project’s website at least, and
may be uploaded to any other repository deemed appropriate by the authors. This choice will cause
the interested reader to visit the Project’s website, therefore contributing to the dissemination of all
Project’s activities and aspects. The same for non-peer reviewed publications (like reports, white
papers, conference abstracts, papers and posters).

b) Communication Activities
The main NESMA communication activities are described below, classified based on their nature and
type:
◦ NESMA promotional materials: brochures, posters, and leaflets will be produced in early project
stages and will be updated regularly to reflect recent achievements. The material will explain
project’s innovative concept, results, its implementation and impact on the relevant use sectors. 3
promotional videos (in the Consortium languages) will be produced for increasing project impact
(Task 5.3).
◦ Clustering with other projects and initiatives: Relevant projects have been identified in the
Ambition Section. Others will be, to discuss and share perspectives and results. Clustering and
collaboration with other projects is considered according to three different lines:
- Cooperation for using relevant results of past projects and synergies for integrating the results
into NESMA
- Providing the positioning and linkage of the NESMA results in the context of international
R&D activity and practical implementation in the housing stocks of the Horizon 2020 area.
- Identifying opportunities for collaboration between projects to enhance the usability, novelty,
applicability and potential reach of the NESMA outputs and the collaborating project outputs in
EU building energy management and use sectors. For this purpose, a specific cluster session is
foreseen during the project meetings inviting other projects to present their project results and be
informed on NESMA objectives and further collaborations.
◦ Development of website as a web portal (D5.2): A section of the project website will be
developed in the form of a web portal so that external experts and stakeholders can access
multimedia and other dissemination content, while at the same time enabling users to be informed
on project progress, results and scientific outcomes of NESMA. This will be directed towards
public and private buildings managers/operators, municipal and other energy use actors.
◦ Social media: Social media tools such as Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn will be utilised and
linked to the created NESMA website as additional dissemination platforms to create shorter,
helpful articles and targeted media related to the NESMA project progress. This will also ensure
generating interest of the wider public.
◦ News feeds and radio/TV-interviews: This will be used to make a national/EU audience aware of
the NESMA concepts, the solutions developed and its potential benefits for the economy,
environment and society. Periodic press releases in national and international electronic and
printed media concerning the project launch, the field tests and the project’s dissemination events
will be used for keeping people aware of the project results.
◦ EU dedicated events: EU dedicated events will be targeted to communicate the project results
under the framework of research. This will include participation in relevant EU open info days,
ManyFuture, ICT-Conferences.
◦ Paper and Electronic newsletters: will be produced and issued every 6 months and will be
distributed to project identified stakeholders, contacts and liaised projects or initiatives.
◦ NESMA mid- and final stakeholder Workshop: will be held on M24 and M42 of the project
where the major project results will be presented to more than 100 experts, researchers, industry

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players, policy makers, related projects, and consortium representatives. This conference will
possibly be associated to an international event, in order to maximize the impact. A press
conference will be held in parallel to publicly communicate the project results.
◦
List of Communication Key Performance Indicators and Measurable Results
Communication Activity Measurable Results
NESMA communication Dissemination and Communication Plan (D)
plan
Design of project logo, D
leaflets and presentation
templates
NESMA website and D and published newsletters
Newsletters
Development of project Creation of a project-promoting videos available of project
video website.
Networking with potential Workshops on M and M (D); attendance of Partners to local,
public, private, municipal national and international events/discussions, either formal or
and other building use sector informal, summarized in the biyearly Project’s reports.
and renewable energy
systems end-users
Social media channels Development of Twitter, LinkedIn Channels.
Participation and Participations and project presentations to major relevant
presentations to events and industry, trade and research events focused on heat recovery
conferences and use by M36.
Dissemination of project At least 200 stakeholders contacted by the end of the Project
findings and results

3 Quality and efficiency of the implementation

3.1 Work plan and resources
The proposed modelling platform for the energy system will be based on output delivered by
analytics applied to the different data assessed in WP1 and WP2, for WP2 the technologies
proposed will constitute a key factor for assumption and scenario underneath which the model
will run. The platform which will be used is OseMosys, tools using the different data set from
WP1 and WP2 will developed to take in account the probabilistic aspect of the production and
the climate impact on energy system

The structure of the NESMA Work Plan reflects the topology of the retrofit in the first three Work
Packages (WPs). WP1’s output will be the set data inferred from data analytics to make multi-criteria
analysis and will produce the data output necessary to the analysis of the implementation of
technologies that will be defined in WP2. This analysis will enable to assess a data library that will be
used by the model and will serve to develop additional tool for the model. Both WP1 and WP2 will
define the data set and scenario for the modelling work in WP3. Assumption will be defined in WP3,
and will cover essentially the evolution of technologies, the economic parameter, linking existing
infrastructure to the developed solution and proposing a transitive energy pathway.
WP4 will concern the validation of the energy model through three base cases.
WP5, Pilot Demonstrators: outline the steps for Equipment installation and site management.
WP6,

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Finally, WP7 deals with the management of NESMA

The next Table lists all NESMA WPs; the subsequent seven Tables report the description of each of
the seven WPs.

Table 3.1a: List of Work Packages

WP WP Title Lead Lead Participant Person- Start End

No Participant short name months Month Month
No

1 Data assessment and 2 Nexus Analatyca 1 30

analytics

2 Innovative technologies 3 STEG 1 16

data set

3 Energy modeling 1 HMU 1 36

development

4 Base case test 3 STEG 1 48

5 Dissimination and 6 TZE

communication

6 Stakeholder engagment 6 TZE 1 42

7 Project managment 1 HMU

Table 3.1b description of each WP

Work package 1 Lead Beneficiary Leeds Beckett University

number

Work package title Data assessment and Analytics

Participant number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

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Short name of

Wandsronk

STOLECT
UNIZGFER
Analatyca
participant

Nexus

STEG
HMU

UNFI
ENIS

EPL

LIC
TZE

BV
Person months per
participant

Start Month 1 End Month 30

Objectives
Main objective of the work package is to assess the Status-quo of the energy system situation that mean the
existing one and the planned for the next five years

Collecting the other data that will be related to the energy system directly or have possible impact on it

Making analytics on different gathered data to assess a new approach for the energy system modelling.


1. Task 1.1: Energy outlook of AFRICA, this work package will handle the data assessment and the develop-
ment of analytics to build a data structured representing an input for the energy model.
The data assessment will cover the following points :
 Load curve, and relevant economic and social data for load forecasting
 Breaking the load curve by final usage, by disaggregating the consumption curve by sector, final us-
age
 Identifying demand side by sector, appliances for residential sector and type of equipment for the in-
dustrial sector
 For rural and agricultural sector identifying and assessing parameter for building an off grid system
with linking data regarding the distance to existing infrastructure and distance to source of water and
natural resources in term of sustainable biomass
 Existing Generation power plants (fuel-based and renewable energy technologies), life cycle will be
assessed and the possibilities of upgrading or extending capacity too with the identification of sce -
nario and presenting assumption for this cases, which will represent an assumption of transition from
fossil fuel based plant to net zero emission plant
 Assessment of Transmission and distribution grid infrastructure, determination of dynamic load rate
of the infrastructure by linking to them region they supply, vulnerability in term of losses and giving a
levelized cost of the infrastructure
 Assessment of existing infrastructure for fossil fuel and eco-system linked to it, developing analysis to
transform the sector to be a net zero emission
 Assessing the consumption curve by season for the national consumption and assessing the percent -
age of population having access to energy
 Assessing data related to primary energy for the production of energy, electricity, and transportation,
extra.


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Figure 15-1 Natural gas infrastructure Figure 15-2 grid infrastructure Figure 15-3 global
African energie
infrastruc -
ture

2. Task 1.2: Renewable energy data

 Renewable resources atlas for wind, solar ( PV and thermal), geothermal and geothermal gradient
 Cycle life of variable renewable production
 Technologie implementation size and evolution of technologies
3. Task 1.3: exploitation data of existing energy system
 LCOE of existing power plant
 share of fuel for energy production
 Level of infrastructure development
 Share of final fossil fuel use

Figure 16 heat use by primary energy

Heat represent a high percentage of final use from energy addressing the heat and making it sustain -
able and free from fossil fuel will make the system manageable, data will be assed and analyzed fo-
cusing on final use by sector and by human activities and will linked with other data related to place
where the heat is consumed. Mapping this data on a GIS platform will facilitate the work to link the
renewable energy with the final user
4. Task 1.4: data impacting the energy system
 Climate data forecast, due to the climate change observed now and confirmed for the next decade.
Managing the energy system in all sector will be a necessity to guarantee a secured supply. As the
energy mean access to water and food security for many population in AFRICA

NESMA
 32

 Ground data, water resources and forest data, this data will serve essentially for the implementation
of MINIGRID/MICROGRID for rural population. It is useful also for alternative fuel production, in rela -
tion to the water needed for green hydrogen and its derivative.
 population distribution, for rural population and urban population, will define the growth of energy
production and infrastructure to satisfy the new population it give an horizon for the expansion ca -
pacity to make
 economic activities data related to the use of energy, will focus principally on the industrial growth
and other economic sector growth with electricity index that define the use of electricity in these sec-
tor. The approach defended in our proposal is that we will hold production as nearest as possible to fi -
nal user
5. Task 1.5: Data processing
Data processing is the analytics to be applied to the different data described in the above tasks of this
Work Package, it will be a multi-criteria analysis to bring output for WP2 and WP3. The result will be used
to build up a set of data structured for the model to be developed in WP3. The analysis will focus on:
 The Penetration level of different distributed energy systems (DES),
 The for prediction of renewable integration
 Definition of probabilistic scenario determining the level of renewable energy share
 Defining the useful technologies to be integrated and at which level
 Analytics on climate earth and weather for the integration of technologies
 Analytics for rating renewable technologies to be integrated by regions, by technologies and its level
of development and the pertinence of technologies for African context related to the situation on
ground by integrating their impact on the population
 Determination of rate and note for technologies that will be based for the classification of technolo-
gies suggested in WP2, the classification will take in account the advanced level in technologies, the
assumption credibility to integrate these technologies

Deliverables

No Title Date

D1.1 Document about the data assessed impacting the energy M.05
system in African continent
D1.2 Model of analytics linking the data by renewable tech- M.10
nologies and process flow
D1.3 Power demand prediction models for African continent by M.15
countries, introducing typical average demand with sea-
sonable approach
D1.4 Model prediction of variable renewable energy per region M.20

D1.5 Multi-criteria analysis for the implementation of renew- M.25

able energy and production of alternative fuel
D1.6 Economics analysis for the renewable energy implemen- M.30
tation and green fuel production for the transitive energy

Work package 2 Lead Beneficiary STEG

number

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 33

Work package title Technologies data analytics

Participant number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Short name of

Wandsronk

STOLECT
UNIZGFER
participant

Analatyca
STEG
Nexus
HMU

UNFI
ENIS

TZE

LIC

BV
Person months per
participant

Start Month 1 End Month 42

Objectives
The main objective in this work package is :

To introduce the proposed new innovative technologies to be implemented in the model

To assess the data relative to the output, input, size, power rate, interconnection, condition of functioning
which has to be assessed


Description of work
1. Task 2.1: identification of the Technologies to implement in the model the modelling energy system
taking in account the context of Africans countries. The technologies will inferred from work in WP1
and will be assessed in term of implementation, multi criteria analysis done in WP1 to make a system
of rating and notation based on assumption for the development of the model in WP3
The following technologies will be considered to achieve target of the model to be developed in WP3
 Redox flow battery distilled in two configuration one for residential application and the second for
support grid at the level of High voltage and middle voltage grid
 Integration RFB and heat storage
 Low exergy infrared cooling collector
 Pumped heat energy storage
 Wind and solar (PV and thermal)
 Heat as primary energy
 Biogas, green ammonia, green Hydrogenm biodiesel as alternative fuel through the use of renew-
able energy to address a new share of energy based on sustainable resources
 Flexibility assets, through low exergy building implementation by using Distributed storage
combined to solar thermal mounted on facade or integrating PV/T, PV-Thermal system.
 Fuel cell energy for production of electricity, heat and water
 Microgrid/minigrid
 Enhanced geothermal system to consider the geothermal as alternative primary energy to fossil
fuel
 Innovative infrastructure approach, NWA, Non Wire Alternative, and MVDC, middle voltage direct
current, by using advanced smart grid application
2. Task 2.2: Processing data set of the technology developed for the model
In this task all the economic parameter and life of cycle of technologies identified in task 2.1 will be
considered and assessed, either theses parameter other will be considered as mentioned below:
 LCOE and LCOS, parameter, rate power, energy production curve
 Climate, local weather on the ground, forecast data related to weather
 Asset data of production curve function of season and climate change for solar and wind
 Scenario of implementation for rural electrification
 Rating region and zone for the implementation
 Integrating possible scenario of exploitation including the energy trade inter-countries
 Life cycle for production of alternative fuel taking in account region and countries
Data analytics will be applied to each technologies to bring data set that will be an output for the WP3

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 34

analytics will concern

 The prediction of production hourly and by season
 Implementing flexibility asset at the demand side
 Implementing model for the Non Wire Alternative
3. Task 2.3: Economical modelling and scenario of implementation for Alternative fuel, in this task the
work will be focused on the cycle life of production unit of alternative fuel, the fuel which will be as -
sessed are:
 green hydrogen, using the bulk renewable energy production within predictive tool to ensure a
24h of production
 green ammonia, used as fertilizer and fuel depending on region and linked with the need of agri-
cultural activities
 biogas, implemented principally for isolated location and rural topology installed in MINIGRID/MI-
CROGRID
 biodiesel as alternative fuel for transportation and energy production using turbine and reciprocat-
ing engine
 CO2 used as stream input for the production of biodiesel which are captured from exhausted gas
to upgrade existing power plant to be net zero emission
 CO2 to fuelcell to eliminate the emission greenhouse gas from industry and power plant
The scenario for transitive energy from fossil to green fuel and use of renewable energy will be based
on innovative technologies to maintain use of natural gas and make it net zero emission and replacing
other fossil fuel to green fuel
The use of innovative technologies will follow assumptions and scenario related to the African context. Using the
natural resources and putting in front scenario of implementation feasible with these technologies.
The deployment of MINIGRID and MICROGRID will bring biogas as primary fuel for rural topology with tech-
nologies related to biogas the fuel cell, vanadium redox flow battery and micro-turbine.
Low exergy building will be implemented as flexibility tool at the residential demand side this scenario follow the
assumption defining the approach of NESMA proposal which address the demand side ad reduce use of huge infra-
structure.
For the renewable energy implementation both bulk production and distributed production will be considered. Spe-
cific infrastructure based on HVDC and MVDC to supply unit for the production of green hydrogen and its deriva-
tive
With a geothermal we achieve the target of model to make share of energy totally renewable and green alternative
Demand side management will bring energy initially converted from electricity to heat avoided this flexibility will
be achieved through analytics applied in task 2.2

Deliverables

No Title Date

D2.1 Report of technologies implementation, data processing and market

D2.2 Report of use case and application for the African context

D2.3 Model of implementation for the implementation of flexibility asset

and smart grid application

D2.4 Report for alternative green fuel, implementation scenario and

economic data

D2.5 Report on new approach for grid infrastructure, economic parameter

for MVDC, Non Wire alternative, implementation of long duration
energy system

NESMA
 35

Work package 3 Lead Beneficiary HMU

number

Work package Energy Model Development

title

Participant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
number

Short name of

Wandsronk

STOLECT
UNIZGFER
Analatyca
participant STEG
Nexus
HMU

UNFI
ENIS

TZE

LIC

BV
Person months
per participant

Start Month 1 End Month

Objectives
In this WP, an open-source framework is developed. The framework is built based on the results of
WP2, where the integration of new technologies in the energy mix of considered African countries is
developed. The platform will be tailored to the needs of the African countries under consideration.
Assumptions and scenarios will be defined. The goal is to define scenarios that will envision transition
pathways from the current energy mix to an energy mix only composed by alternative green fuels and
renewable energy sources.

Description of work
The main objectives of this WP is to develop a model and develop an open access tool to apply this
model, so it is possible to analyze and to optimize the test cases. The model is to determine energy
flow using sector coupling and an holistic approach, so that the storage sizing can be determined as
well as the development of the gas distribution network. The first step is to study the African Energy
System. The second step is to analyze the energy demands of the users (or prosumers) and run a
simulation (or get the data) of the quantity of energy produced by the renewable energy plants. Thus,
by analyzing the supply and demand curves versus time and also a weather data set, it will be possible
to determine the size of the storage plant that can be produced from the surplus of renewable energy,
which mean use of advanced smart grid application and introducing the flexibility tools in energy
system assets

Task 3.1: Framework definition (Task Lead: TBD)

Data will be obtained from the outputs of WP1 and WP2. The aim of the model is to validate from a
system perspective the technological solutions defined in WP2. A multi-criteria analysis will be applied
on a library of data built through a probabilistic approach. Machine learning methods will allow to
manage technologies in an optimized way.

The model will work based on:

 API to harvest input from data analytics applied in WP1

 Energy and weather data from different ATLAS and mapped data in GIS platforms
 Definition of data set library
 Optimization tool for integration of renewable energy

In this task we will use the following approach to cover all the energy system by defining assumption
and scenario, the open-source platform will be used which will be OseMOSYS to achieve target

NESMA
 36

described in Figure 14

Figure 17 – Structure of the model

Data will be linked as shown in Figure 17 to region and zone data, related to activities of population
and economic sector, GDP and infrastructure. The target is to optimize the global energy system in
such a way to guarantee secure supply of energy with optimized resources and reduced investment

Task 3.2: Energy and technical analysis (Task Lead: TBD)

This task deals with the analysis of renewable energy system and alternative green fuel from a
technical perspective. In this task, a set of cases study will be identified also based on the indications
from other WPs, the optimal management and dimensioning of the energy systems components, and
the assessment of the impact of the analyzed cases study on the distribution grid. A report will be
produced for each task.

Demand modelling. Demand curves will be estimated. Where granular data are not available,
disaggregated curves can be obtained through different modelling techniques such as bottom-up
stochastic load profile generation techniques based on time-of-use windows and Markov chains.

Expansion planning Based on data defined in Task 3.1 and on demand curves obtained in this Task
scenarios for expansion planning will be developed through the open-source modelling framework
developed.

Task 3.3: Economic analysis (Task Lead: TBD)

Task 3.3 deals with the economic analysis of the energy system:

 Function analysis of demand and production by region by breaking the demand by nature and
addressing the distributed storage system within a thermal solar
 Function analysis at the level of demand for flexibility market
 LCOE and LCOS for merging storage capacity and renewable production and extension of
capacity production of renewable
 LCOE and LCOS for extending capacity production of alternative fuel by addressing the redox
flow battery and pumped heat storage as long duration energy storage and the fuel cell
 Sensitivity analysis by region, economic sector addressed and availability of renewable
resources
 Developing the primary alternative fuel market
 CO2 market will be introduced through replacement of fossil fuel or upgrading existing power
plant to a net zero emission
 Introduce the heat as independent energy source to reduce impact of producing electricity by
using waste heat and technologies producing electricity and heat

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 37

The aim of this is to analyse how the capacity expansion will promote a new innovative energy by
achieving the target of the model to shift energy system to a total system free from fossil fuel, the
economic parameter analysis will promote an optimum investment that will increase the efficiency of
the system.

Depending on scenario of implementation, defined in previous WP We will analyze the impact of

various alternative business models with respect to relevant criteria: a) efficiency (capacity of each
option to create adequate incentive to align production and consumption profiles); b) equity and
distributional energy justice for rural population in particular

Analysing the diffusion process of alternative fuel production linked to renewable energy in Africa:
Drivers and barriers. This task will assess: a) the impact of multi-dimensional factors (economic,
financial, geographical, meteorological, infrastructures) on renewable energy formation investigating
the driving forces behind their diffusion based on new assumption of production both electricity and
green fuel. The evaluation will be carried out through a plurality of factors (e.g. structure of energy
consumption by economic activities, presence of renewable plants, indicators of wealth and inequality,
energy network infrastructures).

Analysis of the implementation of solution addressing the heat as primary energy dissociated from
electricity and fossil fuel will be conducted to determine the cost induced by introducing solution like
low exergy building in a demand side management approach.

The same work will be conducted for long duration energy system to assess the cost impact on the
system through using this kind of storage as flexibility asset tools.

Task 3.4: Addressing rural electrification (Task Lead: TBD)

Rural electrification will be addressed through the implementation of mini- and micro-grids solutions
that will cover the need of food security and access to the water. The systems combine crop
production and photovoltaic power generation associated to the use of biogas through fuel cell to
produce water and clean energy.

Mini-grids will permit to achieve the basic needs by suppling clean energy for electric cooking
eliminating the use of charcoal for cooking. This technology will have a huge impact on reducing
investment to ensure access of rural population to energy

Integration of Vanadium redox flow battery achieve double objective, the first is to ensure secure
stable and continuous supply of energy the second objective is to ensure food security by supplying
heat for rising of greenhouses use.

Task3.5: Modelling the primary energy resources (Task Lead: TBD)

In this task we will introduce the production of alternative primary energy to build a system based on a
share of renewable energy and green fuel.
A model for a production of green hydrogen and its derivative will depend on resources per region as
the primary energy will depend for hydrogen from renewable energy, a model of production process
will be implemented
The following fuel will be assessed:

- Green hydrogen
- Green ammonia
- Methanol

Production of such fuel have to be continuous flexibility of production and availability of resources will be
determined through data assessment and analytics developed in WP1. Share of renewable will be based on ensuring
a 24 h cycle for continuous production.

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 38

CO2 will be considered as fuel and will represent a solution for capturing and use of CO2 by considering it as fuel we
achieve this objective through the use of MCFC and SOFC fuel cell that consume CO2 to produce electricity

Use case of implementation will be identified to target the natural gas as net zero emission fuel at the level of
power plant but also at the industry sector.

Biodiesel production address the same topic, use of CO2 as intermediate fuel through algae cultivation to produce
this fuel which can address the energy but also the transportation. Finally the last resource will be geothermal
resources with geothermal gradient map that enable the enhanced geothermal system which will produce like a
thermal plant but without fuel combustion

Deliverables

No Title Date

D3.1 Report on defined working framework Month16

D3.2 Report with results of technical analysis Month 20

D3.3 Report on economic aspects of identified scenarios Month 26

D3.4 Report on rural electrification Month 32

D3.5 Report on primary energy sources Month 42

Work package 4 Lead Beneficiary STEG

number

Work package Base Case Test

title

Participant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
number

Short name of
Wandsronk

STOLECT
UNIZGFER
Analatyca

participant
STEG
Nexus
HMU

UNFI
ENIS

TZE
EPL

LIC

BV

Person months
per participant

Start Month 1 End Month

Objectives
In this WP, a set of scenarios will be modeled as elaborated in WP3 To identify Use case for the
framework test of the model in three base cases through the techniques of a cyber physical
energy system.

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 39

In this work package will be developed a co-simulation platform between a multi research
infrastructure each infrastructure will be built on a hardware in loop platform approach and will
serve as input for the model developed in WP3 to validate the different technologies introduced in
WP2. introduced in the model.

This platform will serve as tool to validate the model of WP3 and the technological choice
introduced in WP2 and will serve to ensure a transfer of competence to African countries.

Description of work
Task4.1: co-simulation platform based on cyber physical energy system, CPES

The platform which will be developed in this work package will serve to test the model developed
in WP3, the different assumption and scenario introduced in WP3 will be tested in different
platform each of them will focus in technologies introduced in the modeling platform.

- Integration of renewable energy to reach a 100% of renewable share

- Upgrading the existing power plant to be a net zero emission
- Implementation of MINIGRID and MICROGRID
- Implementation of a Non Wire Alternative technology and the integration of MVDC to
enable inter-region exchange
- Smart grid application for implementing flexibility market at the load and production side
- Implementation of Long Duration Energy Storage by using the REDOX FLOW BATTERY and
Pumped Heat Energy Storage as an asset of flexibility and tool to make renewable
controllable
- Scenario of implementation and developing grid infrastructure belong to the use of
renewable
- Addressing the heat as energy not produced by electricity

The platform will be a co-simulation platform that involve multiple platform each of them will be
based on a hardware in loop configuration as described in the following figure

Each platform will test assumption and scenario related to one or more technologies introduced by
the modelling platform, the platform communicate through a common data bus that ensure
exchange of data between the platform and the energy model. The objective is to test base case
which will be countries or region representing a sample of energy system model.

Two kind of platform will be developed:

- A platform for device type based on digital twin that will be a realistic real time modeling of
device like wind power, PV, Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell, Redox Flow Battery, flexibility asset
- A platform for test energy system in base case which will include devices, grid and
production

Theses platform will exchanges data between them and with the energy model to validate the
technologies and assumptions. The co-simulation will build in this way to validate the innovative
technologies and their implementation following scenario and assumption introduced in the energy
model, result of this test will be communicated to the energy model.

A framework test will be defined to cover the assumption defined in the energy model, the
framework specification will define:

- Defining the purpose of technology implementation

- Defining the use case
- Identifying the subsystem for verification and validation, device, advanced function, extra
- Defining the Scenario of exploitation beside the implementation of technology in the
energy system
- Defining the Scenario of deployment for base case

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 40

- upscaling consideration scenario

- defining inter-domain consideration, communication to be taken in account for the smart
grid application
- defining framework for data exchange between the real time platform
- defining the interface function with the energy model platform
- defining the data set in the testing platform

Figure 3: Co-simulation platform including multi real time platform with offline energy model

All the assumption of implementation and the technologies introduced are based for their function on
advanced smart grid application. Test will cover system, subsystem, device (redox flow battery, electro-thermal
energy storage, low exergy building extra), function, extra.
Task4.2: base case 1: testing platform for southern part of Tunisia

for Tunisian base case the following assumption will be tested:

 Implementation of MICROGRID in the island of KERKHENNA for rural electrification with a

small scale MCFC.
 redox flow battery – Grid Storage for distributed storage system at Middle voltage level
 Integration of solar thermal and wind power in the south to produce green alternative fuel
Technology Integration Scenarios, green ammonia, green hydrogen, syngas, biogas
 CO2 consumed through Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell, implemented in combined cycle with
open cycle gas turbine or reciprocating engine and application in rural topology

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 41

Implementation of microgrid/Mini grid for rural electrification by use of grid forming inverter

 Low exergy building (LEX building) will be tested at the site of sfax to validate a flexibility
asset on the demand side, the objective is to bring capability to the house for heat/cooling
seasonable storage
 Demand side management based on LEX building will address the heat energy by decou-
pling it from electricity to offer more stable supply of energy, this solution will be scaled at
the level of town

Task4.3: base case 2: testing platform for Sinai gulf interconnexion with KURAYMAT site
In this pilot the same configuration will be developed at the lab scale using a real time platform,
the density of existing natural gas infrastructure encourage use of huge resources of solar and
wind to produce alternative fuel
The country is big and present big inhabitant area which can be valorized through the availability
of the resources to create an inter-regional transfer of energy balancing the production with the
demand
 Implementation of Non Wire alternative for the expansion of capacity without new
investment by implementing storage capacity, RFB and other storage capacity
 Alternative fuel for the natural gas by expanding solar thermal coupled to wind power
excess for production of green hydrogen and green ammonia
 Implementation of long duration energy storage
 Digital twin development for grid infrastructure, open cycle gas turbine exploitation
parameter, waste heat to energy
 Enabling the development of enhanced geothermal system as alternative energy resources
using the ORC machine

NESMA
 42

Figure - test platform for base case in EGYPT

 Upgrading existing capacity of production with natural gas and using existing infrastructure
of natural gas to shift from this fossil fuel to green fuel production through a transitive
evolution from blending the NG with hydrogen to full net zero emission production
 Creating hub of alternative fuel through MVDC implementation for supplying production of
green hydrogen and green ammonia
 Relating water availability and production with the production of green hydrogen

Task4.4: base case 3: inter region exchange Nigeria border case

 Upgrading the site of SONICHAR in Niger by an LDES platform

 Adding floating PV capacity in existing Dams

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 43

 Developing microgrid and minigrid for isolated population, big percentage of population
without access to energy in the contour of Nigeria
 Implementation of large parc of solar and wind for production of alternative fuel, to replace
gasoil, coal and natural gas

Nigeria base case test

For MICROGRID/MINIGRID implementation the Tunisian platform will be used to test the
implementation with extension capacity based on the population growing and the distance to
existing grid infrastructure, scenario for implementation of new infrastructure will focus on middle
voltage direct current to make inter-region connection possible inside same country platform

NESMA
 44

Task 4.5: framework for the scenario of implementation

The assumption for the capacity expansion will be defined, The set of scenarios shall cover the
penetration of different emerging technologies for production of electricity and for the emerging of
alternative fuel like, green hydrogen, bigas, green ammonia, CCUS. In the assessment, the
following shall be considered:

 The potential of commodities exchange between African region and required infrastructure
investment
 Scenario of exchange
 Scenario of exploitation for the renewable energies wind power and solar (PV and thermal)
 The implementation of flexibility at the demand side focusing principally on town by ad-
dressing the heat demand and decoupling it from electricity
 Upgrading the existing fossil fuel power plant to net zero emission through replacement of
fuel
 The base case platform test exchange data with the model to assess the economic parame -
ter
 Framework of test will follow the assumption of expansion capacity based on time series
modelling, shift energy system to be totally green in 15 years will be considered
 Common scenario to ensure water and food security by ensuring access to energy, through
the development of biogas and molten carbonate fuel cell
 Flexibility test for all the base cases

Deliverables

No Title Date

D4.1 Tunisian BASE case test report M3

D4.2 Egyptian base case test report M6; updated in M18

D4.3 Est African base case test report M12, M24 and M36

D4.4 Report of use case and scenario M16

D4.5 Demand side management for low exergy building M24 and M42

D.4.6 Report for green fuel M38

NESMA
 45

Work package 5 Lead Beneficiary

number

Work package Stakeholder Engagement and Exploitation

title

Participant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
number

Short name of

Wandsronk

STOLECT
UNIZGFER
Analatyca

participant
STEG
Nexus
HMU

UNFI
ENIS

TZE
EPL

LIC

BV
Person months
per participant

Start Month 1 End Month 42

Objectives
The objectives of the present WP are as follows:
(i) Develop a targeted, effective stakeholder engagement strategy to enable proper stakeholder
involvement and launching of a policy dialogue.
(ii) Organize effective and interdisciplinary stakeholder events to maximize the impact of the proposed
energy model and to adjust modelling outputs and utilization to the needs of stakeholders from
technological, regulatory, economic, environmental, and social fields.
(iii) Establish local capacity building programs with the Train-The-Trainer approach based on the
functionality of the energy model as well as the utilization possibilities.
Cleary define and communicate an African expert pool for the NESMA model.
Description of work (where appropriate, broken down into tasks), lead partner and role of participants.
Deliverables linked to each WP are listed in table 3.1c (no need to repeat the information here).
T5.1 Stakeholder engagement strategy (Task leader TZE, participants ALL; Months 1-36)
This task will develop and implement a targeted, effective stakeholder engagement strategy to enable proper
stakeholder involvement and launching of a policy dialogue. This task identifies key groups, individuals or
decision makers for the NESMA model. Based on that, a strategy will be developed to show how to analyze
stakeholder needs as well as plan and implement actions to enable their involvement. The strategy targets an
active involvement of relevant stakeholders in order to tailor the NESMA model to technological, regulatory,
economic, environmental, and social needs and thus formulate common goals and needs which need to be met
by the model. Stakeholders will be summed up in groups based on their interested and influence on the NESMA
model. Moreover, a communication tool will be identified to enable a smooth exchange during the course of the
project. A timeline will also be established for each stakeholder group to investigate not only the utilization but
also the implementation of the NESMA model. The strategy will be continuously revised and updated during the
course of the project. Constant exchange with the modelling experts is foreseen to ensure a smooth knowledge
exchange.
T6.2 Organization of a series of stakeholder events (Task leader TZE, participants ALL; Months 6-36)
This task aims to organize a series of effective and interdisciplinary stakeholder events to maximize the impact of

NESMA
 46

the proposed energy model and engage the exchange between stakeholders and the consortium. Based on the
first draft of the stakeholder engagement strategy, the first workshop is planned to explain the overall goal and
functionality (1) of the NESMA model to stakeholders from technological, regulatory, economic, environmental,
and social fields. In a follow-up event the planned modelling in- and outputs as well as the simulation scenarios
(2) should be evaluated to align and adjust them to the needs of important stakeholder groups. In case of
missing input data for the NESMA model, the workshop will be used to connect with the respective stakeholders
and to make sure that the input data is sufficient to cover all use cases and scenarios. Moreover, it is necessary
to prove that the use cases chosen, map the diversity of the African countries and thereby enable upscaling
possibilities of the NESMA model. As data could change during the course of the project, this event (3) will be
repeated after the midterm. The following workshops will be focused on specific stakeholders groups which will
be identified in T5.1 e.g. regulatory (4), economic (5), environmental (6), and social (7) stakeholders.
T6.3 Capacity building programs with Train-The-Trainer approach (Task leader TZE, participants ALL; Months 18-
36)

This task aims to establish a program in which experts within the consortium will be educated how to train
stakeholders who are interested in using the NESMA model. The Train-The-Trainer approach will be a twostep
process. First, a consortium internal program needs to be established and teaching material to understand the
functionality of the NESMA model needs to be created. Once the internal trainer team has been educated this
knowledge will be transferred to interested stakeholders, including best practice examples and learning material.
Therefore, the stakeholder strategy (T6.1) and the organized events (T6.2) will be used to better understand the
target group for the Train-The-Trainer approach.
T6.4 Set-up of an African expert pool for the NESMA model (Task leader TZE, participants ALL; Months 18-36)
The developed stakeholder engagement strategy and continuous stakeholder events will be summarized in an
African expert pool for the NESMA model. This includes interdisciplinary stakeholders with technical, regulatory,
economic, environmental, and social background and should also be based on the regional approach considered
within the NESMA modelling scenarios. Moreover, an upscaling strategy to consider experts within all African
countries will be advocated. The goal is to establish a permanent expert pool with regular meetings and the
opportunity to utilize, optimize and adjust the NESMA model to changing conditions of the future. The expert
pool will be moderated by TZE during the course of the project and will be supported to act as an independent,
self-organizing network after the project.

Deliverables

No Title Date

D5.1 First Draft of Stakeholder engagement strategy Month 6

D5.2 Update of Stakeholder engagement strategy Month 18

D5.3 Capacity building programs with Train-The-Trainer approach Month 18.

NESMA
 47

Work package 6 Lead Beneficiary

number

Work package
title

Participant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
number

Short name of

Wandsronk

STOLECT
UNIZGFER
Analatyca

participant
STEG
Nexus
HMU

UNFI
ENIS

TZE
EPL

LIC

BV
Person months
per participant

Start Month 1 End Month 42

Objectives
Objectives
The objectives of the present WP, pursued to maximize the project impact and the sustainability of its results,
are:
 to define a targeted, effective, and high-impact communication, dissemination and outreach strategy,
to connect the project with all internal and external possible beneficiaries and interested parties in
order to create synergies and cross-fertilisation;
 to analyse the market uptake opportunities of the energy system model and settle a roadmap that will
enable to Increase clean energy generation in the African energy systems.;
 to establish proper communication and dissemination channels with relevant projects and networks
working in the same field, in order to capitalize mutual achievements, foster further developments
and receive feedback from key African experts and actors at EU level.

Description of work

Description of work (where appropriate, broken down into tasks), lead partner and role of participants.
Deliverables linked to each WP are listed in table 3.1c (no need to repeat the information here).

T6.1 Plan for the communication and dissemination of the project’s results including communication activities
(Task leader LIC, participants ……; Months 2-48).
This task will develop and implement an effective dissemination and communication plan through combining a
multi-channel approach. Proper dissemination channel and tools tailored for each target group to transfer key-
identified messages about the project objectives, activities, benefits and impacts with the contribution of the
partners. A timeline will also be established for each communication activity. The plan will identify Qualitative
and Quantitative Performance Indicators for the distribution channels to constantly monitor and measure
dissemination and communication activities. The plan will be continuously revised and updated for external
knowledge at each reporting period. Further detail on the communication and dissemination strategy are

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provided in the impact section.

T6.2 Exploitation planning and development of a roadmap with stakeholders for African Energy policymaking
and investments
This task aims to develop the roadmap that will enable the project partners to stimulate the uptake and further
use of the project’s individual results and generate an ambitious, and at the same time realistic, exploitation
approach. For each major research and exploitable result of the project (i.e……..) and, specially, for the final
Energy system model design, a roadmap will be developed to draw the picture of the adoption challenges,
advantages and opportunities of the local contexts. Potential market uptake implication regarding the gender
dimension will be also studied within this analysis. Technical work packages will closely be consulted to establish
the roadmap. Recognized approaches such as SWOT analysis will be used to define the scenarios under which
developed solutions could not only reach the market but also generate impact and contribute to the green
energy transition in Africa. Technological, regulatory, economic, environmental, and social barriers will be taken
in consideration. Roadmap will be developed together with African experts, including regulatory bodies
representatives in order to advance the technological readiness of the developed model for industrial-scale and
domestic applications. The task also includes the reviewing and identifying the primary relevant standards and
certifications that will apply to all the stages of development.

T6.3 Multichannel communication and dissemination (Task leader LIC, participants ……; Months 2-48).
This task aims to establish a multilateral cooperation based on knowledge and best practices exchanges among
the project and all relevant stakeholders in African Energy policymaking and investments, including the scientific
and research communities, industries, and policymakers to enhance the adoption of a customized African energy
system. Similar EU-funded projects will be identified to establish synergies to increase the outreach of potential
stakeholders, organize joint events, exchange, and capitalize knowledge, experience, and best practices, and
stimulate discussions among key players. Multichannel communication will be used to inform them about the
recommendations extracted from the project results regarding further local training needs and future
development. The project will contribute to the work of the AU-EU HLPD CCSE partnership through networking
activities with existing projects.
Deliverables1

Only include deliverables that you consider essential for effective project monitoring.

Short Delivery
Work name of Dissemin date
Deliverable Type
Number Short description package lead ation
name (in
number participant level
months)

D6.1 Plan for the WP6 LIC R PU

communicatio
n and
dissemination

D6.2 Roadmap for WP6 LIC R PU

exploitation

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Work package 7 Lead Beneficiary

number

Work package title Manchester Pilot

Participant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
number

Short name of
Wandsronk

STOLECT
UNIZGFER
Analatyca

participant
STEG
Nexus
HMU

UNFI
ENIS

TZE
EPL

LIC

BV

Person months per

participant

Start Month 1 End Month 42

Objectives
 Demonstrate the fully functional Aggregator in Oldham, Greater Manchester, UK.
 Collect data from Pilot operations and analyze them, also in ralation to the climate dimension
 Performance evaluation and refinement of the Aggregator
 Summarise overall project learnings and provide recommendations to stakeholders

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Deliverables

No Title Date

Table 3.1c List of Deliverables

Short Delivery
Work name of Dissemin date
Short Type
Number Deliverable name package lead ation
description (in
number participant level
months)

D1.1 Document about the

data assessed
impacting the
energy system in
African continent

D1.2 Model of analytics

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linking the data by

renewable
technologies and
process flow

D1.3 Power demand

prediction models
for African continent
by countries,
introducing typical
average demand
with seasonable
approach

D1.4 Model prediction of

variable renewable
energy per region

D1.5 Multi-criteria
analysis for the
implementation of
renewable energy
and production of
alternative fuel

D1.6 Economics analysis

for the renewable
energy
implementation and
green fuel
production for the
transitive energy

D2.1 Report of technologies

implementation, data
processing and market

D2.2 Report of use case and

application for the
African context

D2.3 Model of
implementation for the
implementation of
flexibility asset and
smart grid application

D2.4 Report for alternative

green fuel,
implementation
scenario and economic

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data

D2.5 Report on new

approach for grid
infrastructure,
economic parameter for
MVDC, Non Wire
alternative,
implementation of long
duration energy system

D3.1 Report on defined

working framework

D3.2 Report with results of

technical analysis

D3.3 Report on economic

aspects of identified
scenarios

D3.4 Report on rural

electrification

D3.5 Report on primary

energy sources

D4.1 Tunisian BASE case

test report

D4.2 Egyptian base case test

report

D4.3 Est African base case

test report

D4.4 Report of use case and

scenario

D4.5 Demand side

management for low
exergy building

D.4.6 Report for green fuel

TZE R
D5.1 First Draft of The strategy WP5 CO M6
Stakeholder identifies key
engagement strategy stakeholders in
all participating

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countries and
shows
engagement
approaches for
different target
groups.

The strategy will

be updated after
the first half of
the project
based on prior
stakeholder
Update of Stakeholder TZE R
D5.2 engagement WP5 CO M18
engagement strategy
experiences and
events in order
to ensure
effective
stakeholder
engagement.

The programs
include training
material for the
trainers,
workshop
material for
stakeholder
Capacity building
capacity building TZE R
D5.3 programs with Train- WP5 CO M36
and a timeline
The-Trainer approach
for both the
Train-the-
Trainers events
and the
stakeholder
capacity
building.

D6.1 Plan for the WP6 LIC R PU

communication and
dissemination

D6.2 Roadmap for WP6 LIC R PU

exploitation

Table 3.1d: List of milestones

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Milestone Milestone Related work Due date (in month) Means of verification
number name package(s)

M6.1 NESMA WP6

webpage

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TO BE COMPLETED and corrected

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Management structure, milestones and procedures

A. Management Structure

EC / Project Officer




 WP 4
WP 2
 Advisory
Expert WP 1 Data Base cases
 Board Analysis



 WP 3 energy modeling

Project Coordinator (PC)

Expert Advisory Board (EAB)

Steering Committee

Work Package leaders (WPL)

B. Management procedures

1. Meetings and Communication

The SC will meet at approximately at six month intervals to review progress and plans for the coming
year. In every other month tele-meetings will be held. Meeting reports will be uploaded on a shared
drive. The partners will be asked to indicate any problems regarding meeting deadlines, completing

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the work as planned, and budgets. The EAB will be invited to join project meetings at relevant
moments during the project. We anticipate approximately three meetings with the EAB. In the interest
of efficiency, these different types of meetings will be combined whenever possible.

Frequent informal communication among the project team is strongly encouraged, using e-mail, the
shared drive and social media and teleconferencing

2. External communication
External Communication falls under responsibility of the leader of WP4. The PC may take
communication initiatives in the interest of the Project and/or may discuss/delegate communication
tasks with/to the PSO.

Quality assurance

All partners will perform their part of the work according to their internal quality control and
assurance procedures. If necessary, quality issues will be on the agenda of the EB meetings.

The quality of the overall outcome of the project depends on the quality of the execution of the
research activities. Formally, the quality of the work is monitored throughout the project by the PC in
consultation with the SC. Every project team member – including the coordinator – has the
responsibility to critically consider the quality of the work and strive for the best work possible. Key
is to anticipate potential deviations from the project plan and take suitable corrective actions to best
recover any output-deficiency or time delay.

3. Conflict resolution and decision-making

The consortium will endeavour to realise the project objectives on the basis of effectiveness,
efficiency, quality, flexibility and consensus forming. To this end, as outlined earlier, WP leaders will
make all day-today technical decisions, so long as these do not affect the achievement of overall
project goals or execution of the work as described in the WP descriptions. The PC makes the day-to-
day decisions regarding administrative, legal and financial issues. The PC, supported by the SC, will
make any major decisions that may affect the allocated effort and budget as fixed in the Consortium
and Grant Agreements. If an agreement is not reached, a voting procedure will be implemented as
detailed at the 4th bullet point under the “Steering Committee” header.

Guidelines specified in the Consortium Agreement will formally empower both the PC and the SC to
make decisions affecting overall project goals and budget, and the resolution of conflicts. Differences
and disputes should first try to be resolved by the disputing partners. If they are unable to resolve the
dispute, the project coordinator (PC) will mediate the dispute and if necessary make a resolution
decision that all relevant parties will adhere to. . If an agreement is not reached, a voting procedure
will be implemented as detailed at the 4 th bullet point under the “Steering Committee” header. Further
details are contained in the consortium agreement.

4. Consortium agreement
Before the start of the project, the consortium will develop and approve a consortium agreement,
based on the DESCA model. The consortium agreement will include information on decision making,
conflict resolution, access rights, intellectual property rights etc. Leeds Beckett University will lead in
developing a suitable text. When all partners agree on the content of the consortium agreement, all
partners will sign the agreement

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5. Intellectual Property Rights

The consortium as a whole is responsible for proper handling of IPR, which is addressed in detail in
the consortium agreement. The PC is tasked with monitoring IPR issues and alerting relevant partners
that action may be needed.

C. Innovation Management
.

D. Milestones
The HoLA, BOSS! Table of Milestones follows.

Table 3.2a: List of milestones

Milestone Milestone name Related Work Due Means of verification
Number Package(s) date (in
month)

1 2 M6 Report from Project’s

leader

2 1,5A-B-C M18 Report describing

Algorithm’s code. Report
from Pilots about
installation completion
and challenges.

3 1 M28 Validation from

Dwelling's data files;
summary of Aggregator’s
energy usage statistical
analysis

4 1,2 M36 Report describing

Algorithm’s code.
Final summary of
Aggregator’s energy usage
statistical analysis

E. Risk analysis

The critical risks for the Project’s implementation have been identified. For an Innovation Action
based on Pilot demonstration sites, critical risks are connected to setting up Pilots and running them
smoothly and uninterruptedly during the planned timespan, being able to collect the data required to
validate the Project. Critical risks for implementation are reported and rated in the Table below.

Table 3.2b: Critical risks for implementation

Description of risk (indicate level of likelihood: Work Proposed risk-mitigation measures
Low/Medium/High) Packages
involved

1,2,3,5 redundancy to reduce the impact of some

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1,2,3,5 ,

1,2,3,5

3.2 Consortium as a whole

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