THE BANKS ACT, 1990

(Act No. 94 of 1990)

(As amended)

(Including all amendments up to and including, the Banks Amendment Act, 2000 (Act No. 36 of
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2000. )

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Reproduced under Government Printer’s Copyright Authority number 10665 dated 19 March 1999.

Neither the Bank Supervision Department nor the South African Reserve Bank accepts any liability for the accuracy of this
consolidated Act or any claim that may arise from the use of this copy of the Act for any purpose whatsoever.
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GENERAL EXPLANATORY NOTE:

ACT

To provide for the regulation and supervision of the business of public companies taking
deposits from the public; and to provide for matters connected therewith.

__________________________

BE IT ENACTED by the State President and the Parliament of the Republic of South Africa, as
follows :-

jsp/2002-02-14

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ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS

CHAPTER I
INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION OF ACT

Section:

1. Definitions
2. Exclusions from application of Act

CHAPTER II

ADMINISTRATION OF ACT

3. Office for Banks

4. Registrar and Deputy Registrar of Banks
5. Delegation of powers and assignment of functions by Registrar
6. Powers of inspection of, and guidelines by, Registrar
7. Furnishing of information by banks
8. Power of Registrar to extend certain periods
9. Review of decisions of Registrar
10. Annual report by Registrar

CHAPTER III

AUTHORIZATION TO ESTABLISH, AND REGISTRATION AND CANCELLATION

OF REGISTRATION OF, BANKS

11. Registration a prerequisite for conducting business of bank

12. Application for authorization to establish bank
13. Granting or refusal of application for authorization
14. Revocation of authorization
15. Formation of certain companies prohibited except with approval of Registrar
16. Application for registration as bank
17. Granting or refusal of application for registration
18. Conditions of registration
18A. Branches of foreign institutions
18B. Cancellation or suspension of authorization by Registrar and notice by Registrar of intention
to cancel or suspend authorization
19. Repealed
20. Repealed
21. Untrue information in connection with applications
22. Use of name of bank
23. Cancellation or suspension of registration by Registrar
24. Notice by Registrar of intention to cancel or suspend registration
25. Cancellation or suspension of registration by court
26. Restriction by Registrar of activities of bank
27. Cancellation of registration at request of bank
28. Cancellation of registration upon winding-up
29. Withdrawal of suspension or restriction
30. Publication of information relating to banks and representative offices of foreign institutions
31. Date on which registration lapses

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32. Repayment of deposits upon lapse of registration

33. Reregistration in terms of this Act
33A. Reregistration after commencement of Banks Amendment Act, 1994
34. Representative offices of foreign institutions
35. Annual licence

CHAPTER IV

SHAREHOLDING IN, AND REGISTRATION OF CONTROLLING COMPANIES IN

RESPECT OF, BANKS

36. Repealed
37. Permission for acquisition of shares in bank or controlling company
38. Registration of shares in name of nominees
39. Furnishing of information by shareholders
40. Absence of wrongful intent
41. Effects of registration of shares contrary to Act
42. Restriction of right to control bank
43. Application for registration as controlling company
44. Granting or refusal of application for registration as controlling company
45. Cancellation by Registrar of registration of controlling company
46. Cancellation by court of registration of controlling company
47. Cancellation of registration at request of controlling company
48. Lapse of registration of controlling company upon cancellation of registration of bank
49. Date on which registration of controlling company lapses
50. Investments by controlling companies

CHAPTER V

FUNCTIONING OF BANKS AND CONTROLLING COMPANIES WITH REFERENCE

TO COMPANIES ACT

51. Application of Companies Act to banks and controlling companies

52. Subsidiaries, branch offices, other interests and representative offices of banks and
controlling companies
53. Disclosure by banks and controlling companies of interest in subsidiaries, trusts and other
undertakings
54. Compromises, amalgamations, arrangements and affected transactions
55. Reconstruction within group of companies
56. Alteration of memorandum of association or articles of association, and change of name
57. Alteration of memorandum of association or articles of association in accordance with
direction of Registrar
58. Information regarding directors and officers
59. Returns regarding shareholders
60. Directors of bank or controlling company
61. Appointment of auditor
62. Appointment of auditor by Registrar
63. Functions of auditor in relation to Registrar
64. Audit committee
65. Forwarding of certain notices, reports, returns and financial statements to Registrar
66. Disclosure of issued share capital
67. Disclosure of names of certain shareholders

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68. Special provisions relating to winding-up or judicial management of bank

69. Appointment of curator to bank
69A. Investigation of affairs of bank under curatorship

CHAPTER VI

PRUDENTIAL REQUIREMENTS

70. Minimum share capital and unimpaired reserve funds

71. Repealed
72. Minimum liquid assets
73. Large exposures
74. Failure or inability to comply with prudential requirements
75. Returns

CHAPTER VII

PROVISIONS RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CONDUCT OF THE BUSINESS

OF A BANK

76. Restriction on investments in immovable property and shares, and on loans and advances to
certain subsidiaries
77. Restriction on investments with, and loans and advances to, certain associates
78. Undesirable practices
79. Shares, debentures, negotiable certificates of deposit and share warrants
80. Limitation on certain activities of banks

CHAPTER VIII

CONTROL OF CERTAIN ACTIVITIES OF UNREGISTERED PERSONS

81. Order prohibiting anticipated or actual contraventions of certain provisions of Act

82. Registrar's power to exact information from unregistered persons
83. Repayment of money unlawfully obtained
84. Management and control of repayment of money unlawfully obtained

CHAPTER IX

GENERAL PROVISIONS

85. Certification of returns and other documents

86. Inspection, copies and keeping of documents
87. Minors and married women as depositors
88. Limitation of liability
89. Furnishing of information by Registrar
90. Regulations
91. Offences and penalties
92. Review of Act
93. Interpretation of certain references in existing laws and in other documents
94. Amendment of section 3 of Act 61 of 1973, as amended by section 106 of Act 82 of 1986

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95. Repeal of laws, and savings

96. Short title
Schedule

CHAPTER I

INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION OF ACT

Definitions

1. (1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise indicates-

“agency”, in relation to a bank, means a right granted to a person by that bank to receive on
its behalf from its clients any deposits, money due to it or applications for loans or advances,
or to make payments to such clients on its behalf;

“bank” means a public company registered as a bank in terms of this Act;

“banking group” means a group consisting of two or more persons, whether natural or jurisdic
persons, that are predominantly engaged in financial activities and one or more of which is a
bank and-

(a) each of which persons is an associate, as defined in section 37(7), of any one of the
others; or

(b) which persons are so interconnected that should one of them experience financial
difficulties, another one or all of them would likely be adversely affected,

irrespective of whether any of those persons is domiciled in the same country as any of the
others;

“branch” means an institution that is not a public company as contemplated in section 11(1),
but by means of which a foreign institution conducts the business of a bank in the Republic
under an authorisation referred to in section 18A;

“branch of a bank” means an institution by means of which a bank conducts the business of a
bank outside the Republic;

“board of review” means the board of review established by section 9(2);

“chief executive officer”, in relation to a bank, means a person who, either alone or jointly with
one or more other persons, is responsible under the direct authority of the board of directors
of the bank for the conduct of the business of the bank;

“chief representative officer” means the person in charge of a representative office;

“close relative”, in relation to any person, means -

(a) his spouse;

(b) his child, stepchild, parent or stepparent;
(c) the spouse of any of the persons mentioned in paragraph (b);

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“Companies Act” means the Companies Act, 1973 (Act No. 61 of 1973);

“company” means a company under the Companies Act;

“controlling company” means a public company registered in terms of this Act as a controlling
company in respect of a bank;

“co-operative” means a co-operative incorporated in terms of the Co-operatives Act, 1981

(Act No. 91 of 1981), and includes a co-operative society or co-operative company deemed in
terms of section 2 of that Act to be incorporated in terms of the said Act;

“deposit”, when used as a noun, means an amount of money paid by one person to another
person subject to an agreement in terms of which -

(a) an equal amount or any part thereof will be conditionally or unconditionally repaid,
either by the person to whom the money has been so paid or by any other person,
with or without a premium, on demand or at specified or unspecified dates or in
circumstances agreed to by or on behalf of the person making the payment and the
person receiving it; and

(b) no interest will be payable on the amount so paid or interest will be payable thereon at
specified intervals or otherwise,

notwithstanding that such payment is limited to a fixed amount or that a transferable or non-
transferable certificate or other instrument providing for the repayment of such amount
mutatis mutandis as contemplated in paragraph (a) or for the payment of interest on such
amount mutatis mutandis as contemplated in paragraph (b) is issued in respect of such
amount; but does not include an amount of money -

(i) paid as an advance, or as part payment, in terms of a contract for the sale, letting and
hiring or other provision of movable or immovable property or of services, and which is
repayable only in the event of -

(aa) that property or those services not in fact being sold, let and hired or otherwise
provided;

(bb) the fulfilment of a resolutive condition forming part of that contract; or

(cc) the non-fulfilment of a suspensive condition forming part of that contract;

(ii) paid as security for the performance of a contract or as security in respect of any loss
which may result from the non-performance of a contract;

(iii) without derogating from the provisions of paragraph (ii), paid as security for the
delivery up or return of any movable or immovable property, whether in a particular
state of repair or otherwise;

(iv) paid by a holding company to its subsidiary, or by a subsidiary to its holding company,
or by one subsidiary to another subsidiary of the same holding company;

(v) paid by a person who, at the time of such payment -

(aa) is a close relative of the person to whom such money is paid;

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(bb) is a director or executive officer of the person to whom such money is paid; or

(cc) is a close relative of a director or executive officer of the person to whom such
money is paid;

(vi) paid by any person to a registered insurer as defined in section 1(1) of the Insurance
Act, 1943 (Act No. 27 of 1943), as a premium in respect of any kind of policy defined
or referred to in that section and under which policy that insurer assumes, in return for
such premium, such an obligation as is described in that section in the definition of, or
with reference to, the kind of policy in question;

(vii) paid to a fund registered or provisionally registered under section 4 of the Pension
Funds Act, 1956 (Act No. 24 of 1956), as a contribution, contemplated in section 13A
of that Act, by or on behalf of a member of that fund, or

(viii) paid to a benefit fund, as defined in section 1 of the Income Tax Act, 1962 (Act No. 58
of 1962), as a contribution or a subscription by or on behalf of a member of that fund;

and “deposit” when used as a verb, or any derivative thereof, has a corresponding meaning;

“domestic shareholder”, in relation to a bank or controlling company, means a shareholder of

the bank or controlling company -

(a) who is resident in the Republic;

(b) which is a company controlled, mutatis mutandis as contemplated in paragraph (a),

(b) or (c) of the definition of “controlling company” in section 1 of the Companies Act,
by a person or persons who is or are resident in the Republic or, in the case of a
juristic person or persons, was or were formed, established or incorporated by or
under a law of the Republic;

(c) which is a juristic person other than a company and was formed, established or
incorporated by or under a law of the Republic, excluding a pension fund registered in
terms of the Pension Funds Act, 1956 (Act No. 24 of 1956), where the head office of
the association which carried on the business of that fund, is outside the Republic; or

(d) that is a person belonging to a category of persons recognized by the Registrar as

domestic shareholders for the purposes of this Act;

“employee in charge of a risk management function”, in relation to a bank, means that

employee of the bank who is ultimately responsible for the management of one or more of
the following types of risk to which the bank is exposed, namely -

(a) solvency risk;

(b) liquidity risk;
(c) credit risk;
(d) currency risk;
(e) market risk (position risk);
(f) interest rate risk;
(g) counterparty risk;
(h) technological risk;
(i) operational risk; or
(j) any other risk regarded as material by that bank;

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“executive officer”, in relation to any institution,

(a) that is not a bank, includes any manager of such an institution;

(b) that is a bank, includes any employee of the bank who is in charge of a risk
management function of the bank, and any manager of the bank who is responsible,
or reports, directly to the chief executive officer of the bank;

“fellow subsidiary”, in relation to a company, means any other company which is a subsidiary
of the holding company of which the first-mentioned company is a subsidiary;

“financial statements” means annual financial statements referred to in sections 286 and 288
of the Companies Act;

“foreign shareholder”, in relation to a bank or controlling company, means a shareholder of

such bank or controlling company that is not a domestic shareholder;

“general public” does not include a bank;

“group of banks” means a group consisting of two or more banks which have the same
holding company, and such holding company;

“holding company” means a holding company as defined in section 1(4) of the Companies
Act;

“Land Bank” means the Land and Agricultural Bank of South Africa;

“liquid assets” means -

(a) Reserve Bank notes, subsidiary coin, (excluding such notes or coin to the extent to
which it is taken into account in the calculation of the minimum reserve balance a
bank is required to maintain in an account with the South African Reserve Bank in
terms of section 10A of the South African Reserve Bank Act, 1989 (Act No. 90 of
1989)), gold coin and bullion;

(b) any credit balance in a clearing account with the Reserve Bank;

(c) deleted;

(d) treasury bills of the Republic;

(e) deleted;

(f) securities issued by virtue of section 66 of the Public Finance Management Act, 1999
(Act No. 1 of 1999);

(g) bills issued by the Land Bank for purposes of extending short-term financing -

(i) to an agricultural co-operative or a special farmers' co-operative formed and

incorporated under the Co-operatives Act, 1981 (Act No. 91 of 1981), or
deemed thereunder to be so formed and incorporated, for the purchase of
agricultural products from farmers and of agricultural implements, equipment
and other means of production for resale to farmers for the production of

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agricultural products; or
(ii) to a control board established under the Marketing Act, 1968 (Act No. 59 of
1968), for the purchase of agricultural products;

(h) deleted;

(i) deleted;

(j) securities of the Reserve Bank with a maturity of not more than three years to the last
redemption date thereof;

“Minister” means the Minister of Finance;

“mutual bank” means a mutual bank as defined in section 1(1) of the Mutual Banks Act, 1993
(Act No. 124 of 1993);

“person” includes any partnership;

“prescribed” means prescribed by regulation;

“primary share capital” means capital obtained through the issue of ordinary shares, non-
redeemable non-cumulative preference shares or prescribed categories of preferred
securities, excluding such ordinary shares, non-redeemable non-cumulative preference
shares or prescribed categories of preferred securities issued in pursuance of the
capitalisation of reserves resulting from a revaluation of assets;

“primary unimpaired reserve funds” means funds obtained from actual earnings or by way of
recoveries, premiums on the issue of ordinary or non-redeemable non-cumulative preference
shares or a surplus on the realisation of capital assets, and which have been set aside as a
general or special reserve, are disclosed as such a reserve in the financial statements of the
bank concerned and are available for the purpose of meeting liabilities of or losses suffered
by the bank, but does not include any fund required to be maintained in terms of any other
law;

“public” includes a juristic person;

“Registrar” means the Registrar of Banks designated under section 4;

“Registrar of Companies” means the Registrar of Companies appointed under section 7 of

the Companies Act;

“regulation” means a regulation made under section 90;

“Regulations relating to Banks” means the Regulations relating to Banks as amended or re-
enacted from time to time under section 90;

“Regulations relating to Banks’ Financial Instrument Trading” means the Regulations relating
to Banks’ Financial Instrument Trading as published by Government Notice No. R.1058 of 21
August 1998, and as amended form time to time;

“representative office”, in relation to -

(a) a foreign institution referred to in section 34(1), means premises situated within the
Republic and from which the business referred to in the said section 34(1) and

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conducted by such foreign institution in the other country referred to in that section, is
promoted or assisted in any way; or

(b) the establishment by a bank of a representative office outside the Republic as

contemplated in section 52(1)(e), means premises situated outside the Republic and
from which the business conducted by such bank within the Republic in terms of this
Act is promoted or assisted in any way;

“Republic”, for the purposes of the definition of "domestic shareholder", includes any state the
territory of which formerly formed part of the Republic;

“Reserve Bank” means the South African Reserve Bank;

“secondary capital” means a prescribed percentage of capital obtained through the issue,
with prior written approval of the Registrar and in accordance with conditions approved by the
Registrar in writing and on such further conditions, if any, as may be prescribed, of –

(a) cumulative preference shares;

(b) ordinary shares, or preference shares other than cumulative preference shares,
issued in pursuance of the capitalisation of reserves resulting from a revaluation of
assets; and
(c) prescribed categories of debt instruments;

“secondary unimpaired reserve funds” means-

(a) such funds, obtained from actual earning or by way of recoveries, as may be
prescribed and which have been set aside, but which are not disclosed as a general
or special reserve in the financial statements of the bank concerned;
(b) a prescribed percentage of the amount of any surplus resulting from a revaluation of
assets and determined as prescribed;
(c) a prescribed amount of general provisions held against unidentified and unforeseen
losses; and
(d) funds obtained by way of premiums on the issue of cumulative preference shares or
debt instruments issued in accordance with the prescribed conditions, whether or not
such funds are disclosed as a general or special reserve in the financial statements of
the bank concerned,

but does not include any fund required to be maintained in terms of any other law; and

“subsidiary” means a subsidiary as defined in section 1(3) of the Companies Act;

“tertiary capital” means-

(a) accrued current-period uncapitalized net profits derived from trading activities;
or

(b) capital obtained by means of unsecured subordinated loans negotiated, subject to

such conditions as may be prescribed;

“the business of a bank” means -

(a) the acceptance of deposits from the general public (including persons in the employ
of the person so accepting deposits) as a regular feature of the business in question;

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(b) the soliciting of or advertising for deposits;

(c) the utilization of money, or of the interest or other income earned on money, accepted
by way of deposit as contemplated in paragraph (a) -

(i) for the granting by any person, acting as lender in his own name or through
the medium of a trust or a nominee, of loans to other persons;

(ii) for investment by any person, acting as investor in his own name or through
the medium of a trust or a nominee; or

(iii) for the financing, wholly or to any material extent, by any person of any other
business activity conducted by him in his own name or through the medium of
a trust or a nominee;

(d) the obtaining, as a regular feature of the business in question of money through the
sale of an asset, to any person other than a bank, subject to an agreement in terms of
which the seller undertakes to purchase from the buyer at a future date the asset so
sold or any other asset; or

(e) any other activity which the Registrar has, after consultation with the Governor of the
Reserve Bank, by notice in the Gazette declared to be the business of a bank,

but does not include -

(aa) the acceptance of a deposit by a person who does not hold himself out as
accepting deposits on a regular basis and who has not advertised for or
solicited such deposit : Provided that -

(i) the person accepting deposits as contemplated in this paragraph shall not at
any time hold deposits from more than twenty persons or deposits amounting
in the aggregate to more than R500 000; and

(ii) a person and any person controlled directly or indirectly by him (whether such
control is through shareholding or otherwise) or managed by him, and a
subsidiary of such last-mentioned person, who accepts deposits as
contemplated in this paragraph shall for the purposes of subparagraph (i) of
this proviso be deemed to be one person;

(bb) the borrowing of money from its members by a co-operative subject to such
conditions as may be prescribed;

(cc) any activity of a public sector, governmental or other institution, or of any

person or category of persons, designated by the Registrar, with the approval
of the Minister, by notice in the Gazette, provided such activity is performed in
accordance with such conditions as the Registrar may with the approval of the
Minister determine in the relevant notice;

(dd) any activity contemplated in paragraph (a), (b) or (c) -

(i) performed by any institution registered or established in terms of, by or

under any other Act of Parliament and designated by the Minister by
notice in the Gazette; or

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(ii) performed in terms of any scheme authorized and controlled by, and
conducted in accordance with the provisions of, any other Act of
Parliament and so designated by the Minister,

provided such activity is performed in accordance with such conditions as the Minister
may determine in the relevant notice;

(ee) the acceptance, subject to such conditions as the Registrar may from time to
time determine by notice in the Gazette, of money against debentures, bills of
exchange, promissory notes or other similar financial instruments, provided
the money so accepted is not used, in the case of such acceptance of money
by a person other than a bank, for the granting of money loans or credit (other
than customary credit in respect of the sale of goods or the provision of
services by the issuer of such financial instruments) to the general public;

(ff) the effecting, subject to the provision of any other Act of Parliament and to
such conditions, if any, as the Registrar may from time to time determine by
notice in the Gazette, of a money lending transaction directly between a lender
and a bank as borrower through the intermediation of a third party who does
not act as a principal to the transaction (hereinafter in this paragraph referred
to as the agent), provided the funds to be lent in terms of the money-lending
transaction are entrusted by the lender to the agent subject to a written
contract of agency in which, in addition to any other terms thereof, at least the
following matters shall be recorded :

(i) Confirmation that the agent acts as the agent of the lender; and

(ii) that the lender assumes, except in so far as there may in law be a
right of recovery against the agent, all risks connected with the
administration of the entrusted funds by the agent, as well as the
responsibility to ensure that the agent executes the instructions as
recorded in the written contract of agency; or

(gg) the activities, set forth in subparagraphs (A) and (B) hereunder, of a person
(hereinafter in this paragraph referred to as the mandatary) that -

(i) is a natural or juristic person registered in terms of, or a juristic person

established by or under, any other Act of Parliament and the main
business activities of whom or of which are regulated or controlled in
terms, by or under such other Act of Parliament; and

(ii) has been designated by the Registrar by notice in the Gazette,

which mandatary, for purposes of effecting a money lending transaction with a

bank -

(A) accepts money from the mandator in terms of a prescribed contract of

mandate; and

(B) in the execution of the mandate, and subject to such conditions as the
Registrar may determine in the notice referred to in subparagraph (ii)
above, deposits such money into an account maintained by the
mandatary with a bank, irrespective as to whether or not such money

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is so deposited together with money so accepted by the mandatary

from other mandators;

“this Act” includes the regulations;

“undesirable practice” means any act prohibited, or any failure to perform any act enjoined,
by section 78(1), and, in relation to a particular bank or banks specified in a notice referred to
in section 78(2)(b) or all banks, includes any act which in terms of a notice is referred to in
section 78(2) constitutes an undesirable practice for such particular bank, such specified
banks, or all banks, as the case may be;

“wholly owned subsidiary” means a wholly owned subsidiary as defined in section 1 of the
Companies Act.

(1A) (a) In order to determine, for the purposes of this Act, whether a particular person is a fit
and proper person to hold the office of a director or an executive officer of a bank or a
controlling company, the Registrar shall have regard to the following qualities, in so
far as they are reasonably determinable, of the person concerned:

(i) His general probity;

(ii) his competence and soundness of judgement for the fulfilment of the
responsibilities of the office in question; and

(iii) the diligence with which the person concerned is likely to fulfil those
responsibilities.

(b) For the purpose of and without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of
paragraph (a), the Registrar may have regard to the previous conduct and activities of
the person concerned in business or financial matters and, in particular, to any
evidence that such person -

(i) was convicted of the offence of fraud or any other offence of which
dishonesty, or the commission of violence, was an element;

(ii) had contravened the provisions of any law appearing to the Registrar to be
designed for protecting members of the public against financial loss due to the
dishonesty or incompetence of, or malpractices by, persons engaged in -

(aa) the provision of banking, insurance, investment or other financial

services; or

(bb) the management of juristic persons,

or against financial loss due to activities relating to insolvency;

(iii) was a director who had been indicated, as contemplated in section 421(2) of
the Companies Act, as the effective cause of a particular company having
been unable to pay its debts;

(iv) had taken part in any business practices that, in the opinion of the Registrar,
were deceitful, prejudicial or otherwise improper (whether unlawful or not) or
which otherwise brought discredit on his methods of conducting business; or

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(v) had taken part in or been associated with any such other business practices
as would, or had otherwise conducted himself in such a way as to, cast doubt
on his competence and soundness of judgement.

(c) The Registrar shall be entitled to request any person to complete a questionnaire that
is designed to enable the Registrar to form an opinion, as contemplated in this
subsection, regarding the qualities of that person.

(d) If the Registrar has under paragraph (c) addressed a request to a person who is to be
appointed as a director or an executive officer of a bank or a controlling company and
such person has refused or failed to comply with such request, the provisions of
section 60(5)(b) shall mutatis mutandis apply to the appointment of that person as
such a director or such an executive officer.

(2) (a) The Minister may, on the recommendation of the Registrar and after consultation with
the Governor of the Reserve Bank, by regulation amend the definition of “deposit” or
"the business of a bank" for the purposes of the application of any of or all the
provisions of this Act.

(b) Every regulation made under paragraph (a) shall be of force and effect unless and
until, during the session in which the relevant list has been laid upon the Tables in
Parliament in accordance with the provisions of section 17 of the Interpretation Act,
1957 (Act No. 33 of 1957), every House of Parliament has by resolution disapproved
of the regulation, in which event the regulation shall lapse as from a date to be
specified in the resolution, but such lapsing of the regulation shall not affect the
validity of anything done under such regulation before the date specified in the
resolution, and nothing contained in this paragraph shall affect the power of the
Minister to make a new regulation as to the subject matter of the regulation which has
so lapsed.

Exclusions from application of Act

2. Except where expressly stated otherwise, the provisions of this Act, in so far as they impose
requirements with which any institution must comply -

(a) before it may carry on the business of a bank; or;

(b) in the lawful carrying on of the business of a bank,

shall not apply to -

(i) the Reserve Bank;

(ii) the Land Bank;
(iii) the Development Bank of Southern Africa;
(iv) the Corporation for Public Deposits established by section 2 of the Corporation for
Public Deposits Act, 1984 (Act No. 46 of 1984);
(v) the Public Investment Commissioners referred to in section 2 of the Public Investment
Commissioners Act, 1984 (Act No. 45 of 1984);
(vi) any mutual bank; or
(vii) any other institution or body designated by the Minister by notice in the Gazette.

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CHAPTER II

ADMINISTRATION OF ACT

Office for Banks

3. For the registration as banks of public companies desiring to conduct the business of a bank
and for the other purposes of this Act there shall, as part of the Reserve Bank, be an office in
Pretoria called the Office for Banks, and at the head of such office shall be a person to be styled the
Registrar of Banks.

Registrar and Deputy Registrar of Banks

4. (1) The Reserve Bank shall, subject to the approval of the Minister, designate an officer or
employee in its service as Registrar of Banks, who shall perform, under the control of the said Bank
and in accordance with the directions issued by the Bank from time to time, the functions assigned to
the Registrar by or under this Act.

(2) The Reserve Bank may, subject to the approval of the Minister, designate so many officers or
employees in its service as it may deem necessary, but not exceeding four, as Deputy Registrars of
Banks, who shall subject to the control and directions of the Registrar, be competent to perform any
function which the Registrar is permitted or required to perform.

Delegation of powers and assignment of functions by Registrar

5. (1) The Registrar may with the approval of the Reserve Bank -

(a) delegate to any officer or employee of the Reserve Bank any power conferred upon
the Registrar by or under this Act; or

(b) authorize any such officer or employee to perform any duty assigned to the Registrar
by or under this Act.

(2) Any delegation under subjection (1)(a) shall not prevent the exercise of the relevant power by
the Registrar himself.

Powers of inspection of, and guidelines by, Registrar

6. (1) In addition to the powers and duties conferred or imposed upon him by this Act, the Registrar
shall, for the purposes of the performance of his functions under this Act, have powers and duties in
all respects corresponding to the powers and duties conferred or imposed by the Inspection of
Financial Institutions Act, 1984 (Act No. 38 of 1984), upon a registrar contemplated in the last-
mentioned Act.

(2) Any reference in this Act to an inspection or investigation made under this section shall be
construed as a reference to an inspection made in accordance with the provisions of the Inspection
of Financial Institutions Act, 1984.

(3) Neither the provisions of this section nor any other provision of this Act shall be construed as
prohibiting the Registrar from holding discussions, from time to time, with the chief executive officer
of any bank, or with any executive officer or employee designated by such chief executive officer, of -

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(a) that bank;

(b) any subsidiary or controlling company of that bank, or any other subsidiary of such
controlling company;
(c) any juristic person which would have been a subsidiary of that bank or of its
controlling company had such juristic person been a company;
(d) any juristic person of which the board of directors or, in the case where such juristic
person is not a company, of which the governing body is accustomed to act in
accordance with the directions or instructions of that bank or its controlling company;
or
(e) any trust controlled directly or indirectly by that bank or its controlling company,

with a view to achieving effective supervision by the Registrar, on an individual or a consolidated

basis, of that group or the group of banks of which that bank is a member.

(4) The Registrar may from time to time by means of a circular furnish banks with guidelines
regarding the application and interpretation of the provisions of this Act.

Furnishing of information by banks

7.(1) The Registrar may by notice in writing -

(a) direct a bank or a controlling company or a subsidiary of a bank or controlling

company to furnish the Registrar, at such time or times or at such intervals or in
respect of such period or periods as may be specified in the notice, with such
information as may be specified in the notice and as the Registrar may reasonably
require for the performance of his functions under this Act; or

(b) direct such bank, controlling company or subsidiary to furnish the Registrar with a
report by a public accountant as defined in section 1 of the Public Accountants' and
Auditors' Act, 1991 (Act No. 80 of 1991), or by any other person with appropriate
professional skill, on any matter, or any aspect of any matter, about which the
Registrar has directed or may direct under paragraph (a) the bank, controlling
company or subsidiary to furnish information.

(2) The public accountant or other person appointed by a bank, controlling company or
subsidiary to make a report required under subsection (1)(b), shall be a person designated or
approved by the Registrar, and the Registrar may require the relevant report to be in such form as
may be specified in the notice referred to in subsection (1).

(3) No due diligence audit of the financial condition of any bank shall be conducted without the
Registrar first having been notified in writing of the intention to do so.

(4) The person at whose request a due diligence audit of the financial condition of a bank has
been conducted shall furnish the Registrar with a copy of the audit report.

(5) No person shall without the written consent of the Registrar disclose to any other person,
except to the bank whose financial condition was the subject of the due diligence audit, any
information contained in a report referred to in subsection 4.

Power of Registrar to extend certain periods

8.(1) Any person who is required to submit to the Registrar or to furnish the Registrar with any
return, statement, report or other document or information within a period determined by or under
this Act, may before or after the expiry of that period apply to the Registrar in writing for an extension

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of that period.

(2) The Registrar may, after consideration of an application referred to in subsection (1) -

(a) grant the application and extend by such period as he may determine the period
within which the return, statement, report or other document or information had to be
submitted or furnished; or

(b) refuse the application,

and shall in writing notify the person who lodged the application of his decision.

Review of decisions of Registrar

9.(1) Any person aggrieved by a decision taken by the Registrar under a provision of this Act may
within the prescribed period and in the prescribed manner and upon payment of the prescribed fees
apply for a review of that decision by the board of review established by subsection (2).

(2) For the purposes of this Act there is hereby established a board of review which shall consist
of three members, appointed by the Minister and of whom -

(a) one shall be appointed on account of his knowledge of law and shall be the chairman;

(b) one shall be a person who in the opinion of the Minister has wide experience of, and
is knowledgeable about the latest developments in, the banking industry; and

(b) one shall be a person registered as an accountant and auditor under section 23 of the
Public Accountants' and Auditors' Act, 1991 (Act No. 80 of 1991), and who in the
opinion of the Minister has wide experience of, and is knowledgeable about the latest
developments in, the accountants' and auditors' profession.

(2A) In any review under subsection (1), the board of review is, subject to the provisions of
subsection (8), confined to establishing whether or not, in the taking of the relevant decision, the
Registrar exercised his discretion properly and in good faith.

(3) Deleted in terms of section 4 of Banks Amendment Act, No. 36 of 2000

(4) If before or during any review under subsection (1) it transpires that any member of the
board of review has any direct or indirect personal interest in the outcome of that review, such
member shall recuse himself and he shall be replaced by a person temporarily appointed, subject
to the provisions of subsection (2), by the Minister for the purposes of the review.

(4A) If before or during any review under subsection (1), it transpires that any member of the
board of review will, due to illness, absence from the Republic or for any other bona fide reason be
unable to participate or continue to participate in that review, he shall be replaced by a person
temporarily appointed, subject to the provisions of subsection (2), by the Minister for the purposes of
the review.

(5) A member of the board of review shall hold office for a period of three years and shall on the
expiration of his term of office be eligible for reappointment .

(6) Any casual vacancy that occurs on the board of review shall be filled by the appointment by
the Minister, subject to the provisions of subsection (2), of another member, and any person so

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appointed shall hold office for the unexpired portion of the period of office of his predecessor.

(7) A review under subsection (1) shall take place on the date and at the place and time fixed by
the board of review, which shall give notice in writing to the applicant as well as the Registrar thereof.

(8) The board of review may for the purposes of a review under subsection (1)-

(a) summon any person who, in its opinion, may be able to give material information for
the purposes of the review or who it believes has in his possession or custody or
under his control any document which has any bearing upon the decision under
review, to appear before it at a time and place specified in the summons, to be
interrogated or to produce that document, and retain for examination any document
so produced;

(b) administer an oath to or accept an affirmation from any person called as a witness at
the review; and

(c) call any person present at the review proceedings as a witness and interrogate him
and require him to produce any document in his possession or custody or under his
control, and such a person shall be entitled to legal representation at his own
expense.

(9) Subject to the provisions of subsection (2A), the procedure at the review shall be determined
by the chairman of the board of review.

(10) The board of review may after the review confirm, set aside or vary the relevant decision of
the Registrar.

(11) The decision of a majority of the members of the board of review shall be the decision of that
board.

(12) The decision of the board of review shall be in writing, and a copy thereof shall be furnished
to the applicant as well as to the Registrar.

(13) If the board of review sets aside any decision by the Registrar, the prescribed fees paid by
the applicant in respect of the review in question shall be refunded to him, and if the board of review
varies any such decision, it may in its discretion direct that the whole or any part of such fees be
refunded to the applicant.

(14) A member of the board of review shall in respect of his services as such a member be paid
such remuneration, including reimbursement for transport, travelling and subsistence expenses
incurred by him in the performance of his functions as such a member, as the Minister may from time
to time determine.

Annual report by Registrar

10.(1) The Registrar shall annually submit to the Minister a report on his activities in terms of this
Act during the year under review.

(2) The Minister shall lay a copy of the report referred to in subsection (1) upon the Tables in
Parliament within 14 days after receipt of such report, if Parliament is then in ordinary session, or, if
Parliament is not then in ordinary session, within 14 days after the commencement of its next
ensuing ordinary session.

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 CHAPTER III

AUTHORIZATION TO ESTABLISH, AND REGISTRATION AND CANCELLATION

OF REGISTRATION OF, BANKS

Registration a prerequisite for conducting business of bank

11.(1) Subject to the provisions of section 18A, no person shall conduct the business of a bank
unless such person is a public company and is registered as a bank in terms of this Act.

(2) Any person who contravenes a provision of subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence.

Application for authorization to establish bank

12.(1) Any person who wishes to conduct the business of a bank may apply to the Registrar for
authorization to establish such a bank.

(2) An application under subsection (1) -

(a) shall be made in the prescribed manner and on the prescribed form; and

(b) shall be accompanied by a statement containing the prescribed information.

(3) The Registrar may require an applicant contemplated in subsection (1) to furnish him with -

(a) such information or documents, in addition to information and documents furnished by

the applicant in terms of subsection (2); or

(b) a report by a public accountant as defined in section 1 of the Public Accountants' and
Auditors' Act, 1991 (Act No. 80 of 1991), or by any other knowledgeable person
approved by the Registrar, on such aspects relating to the application in question,

as the Registrar may deem necessary.

Granting or refusal of application for authorization

13.(1) Subject to the provisions of subsection (2), the Registrar may, after considering all
information, documents and reports furnished to him for the purposes of an application under section
12, grant or refuse the relevant application or grant the application subject to such conditions as he
may determine.

(2) The Registrar shall not grant an application made under section 12 unless he is satisfied -

(a) that the establishment of the proposed bank will be in the public interest;

(b) that the business the applicant proposes to conduct, is that of a bank;

(c) that the applicant will conduct the proposed business of a bank in the capacity of a
public company incorporated and registered under the Companies Act;

(d) that the applicant will be able to establish itself successfully as a bank;

(e) that the applicant will have the financial means to comply, in the capacity of a bank,
with the requirements of this Act;
(f) that the business of the proposed bank will be conducted in a prudent manner;
 21

(Fa) that every person who is to be a director or an executive officer of the proposed bank
is, as far as can reasonably be ascertained, a fit and proper person to hold the office
of such director or executive officer;

(g) that every person who is to be an executive officer of the proposed bank has
sufficient experience of the management of the kind of business it is intended to
conduct; and

(h) that the composition of the board of directors of the proposed bank will be appropriate
having regard to the nature and scale of the business it is intended to conduct.

(3) When the Registrar grants or refuses an application made under section 12, he shall give
written notice of that fact to the applicant concerned.

(4) Deleted.

Revocation of authorization

14.(1) The Registrar may at any time prior to the registration, in terms of section 17, of a bank,
revoke the authorization granted for the establishment of such a bank if the Registrar is satisfied
that-

(a) false or misleading information was furnished in the application for such authorization;
or

(b) success has not been achieved within a period of six months as from the date of the
granting of the said authorization, with the formation in accordance with the proposals
contained in the application for the said authorization, of the proposed bank.

(2) When the Registrar revokes an authorization in terms of subsection (1), he shall give written
notice of that fact to the person to whom the authorization was granted.

Formation of certain companies prohibited except with approval of Registrar

15.(1) No public company shall without the written approval of the Registrar be formed in terms of
the Companies Act to conduct the business of a bank in accordance with the provisions of this Act.

(2) The Registrar shall grant the approval referred to in subsection (1) only if he is of the opinion
that the company concerned will probably, having regard to the provisions of section 17, be eligible
for registration as a bank in terms of this Act.

(3) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the Companies Act, the Registrar of
Companies shall not register in terms of that Act the memorandum of association and articles of
association of a public company formed for the purpose of conducting the business of a bank, unless
the application for such registration is accompanied by the approval referred to in subsection (1).

Application for registration as bank

16. (1) An applicant to whom the Registrar has under section 13 granted authorization for the
establishment of a bank (hereinafter in this Chapter referred to as the institution) may at any time
during the period of 12 months commencing on the date of the granting of the said authorization
apply to the Registrar for the registration of the institution as a bank, provided such authorization has

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not been revoked in terms of section 14(1).

(2) An application under subsection (1) shall -

(a) be made in the prescribed manner and on the prescribed form; and

(b) be accompanied by -

(i) two copies each of the institution's memorandum of association and articles of
association;

(ii) a written statement in which is set out -

(aa) the full and the abbreviated name of the institution as well as the literal
translations thereof;

(bb) the address of the institution's head office as well as its postal
address;

(cc) full particulars of the business the applicant proposes to conduct and
of the manner in which it proposes to conduct such business; and

(dd) the full names and the addresses of the chairman, the other directors
and the executive officers of the institution; and

(iii) a list of shareholders in the institution, as at the date of the application, drawn
up in accordance with the requirements with which a return referred to in
section 59 has to comply.

(3) The Registrar may require an applicant contemplated in subsection (1) to furnish him with
such information or documents, in addition to information and documents furnished by the applicant
in terms of subsection (2), as the Registrar may deem necessary.

(4) The application and every document lodged in terms of subsection (2) or (3) shall be signed
by the chairman or the chief executive officer of the institution.

Granting and refusal of application for registration

17. (1) Subject to the provisions of subsection (2), the Registrar shall, after considering all
information and documents furnished to him in terms of section 16 for the purposes of an application
under that section, grant such application if he is satisfied -

(a) that the business the applicant proposes to conduct is that of a bank;

(b) that the applicant does not propose to adopt undesirable methods of conducting
business; and

(c) that the memorandum of association and articles of association of the institution are
consistent with this Act and are not undesirable for any reason.

(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (1), the Registrar may refuse an application for
the registration of an institution as a bank if he is of the opinion -

(a) that any of the requirements specified in section 13(2) is no longer complied with by
or in respect of the institution concerned;

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(b) that the institution concerned, when registered as a bank, will probably not be able to
comply with a provision of this Act, or is likely to pursue a practice contrary to a
provision of this Act;

(c) that an interest which any person has in the institution concerned is inconsistent with
a provision of this Act;

(d) that the interests of potential depositors with the institution concerned will be
detrimentally affected by the manner in which the institution proposes to conduct its
business, or for any other reason;

(e) that the name of the institution concerned -

(i) is identical with a name under which an existing bank or a mutual bank has
already been registered;

(ii) so closely resembles the name of an existing bank or mutual bank that the
one is likely to be mistaken for the other;

(iii) is identical with, or closely resembles, the name under which any bank or any
other institution which was registered under any law repealed by this Act, or
any mutual bank, was previously registered and that reasonable ground for
objection against the use of the name by the institution concerned exists; or

(iv) is likely to mislead the public; or

(f) that the application does not comply with a requirement of this Act.

(3) When the Registrar in terms of this section grants or refuses an application for registration,
he shall give written notice of that fact to the applicant concerned.

(4) If the Registrar in terms of this section grants an application for registration he shall, subject
to the provisions of section 18, and on payment by the applicant of the prescribed registration fee,
register the institution concerned as a bank and issue to the institution, on the prescribed form, a
certificate of registration as a bank.

(5) An institution which is for the first time registered as a bank shall not commence doing the
business of a bank until it has furnished proof to the Registrar that it complies with the provisions of
section 70.

(6) An institution which contravenes the provisions of subsection (5) shall be guilty of an offence.

Conditions of registration

18.(1) The registration under section 17 of an institution as a bank shall be subject to the prescribed
conditions and to such further conditions, if any, as the Registrar may determine.

(2) In addition to any other condition which the Registrar may impose under subsection (1), he
may impose a condition requiring the institution concerned to take within a specified period such
steps in terms of the Companies Act as may be necessary to alter its memorandum of association or
articles of association in accordance with the requirements of the Registrar.

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Branches of foreign institutions

18A.(1) An institution which has been established in a country other than the Republic and which
lawfully conducts in such other country a business similar to the business of a bank (hereinafter in
this section referred to as the foreign institution) may, notwithstanding the provisions of section 11(1),
with the prior written authorization of the Registrar and subject to the prescribed conditions and to
such further conditions, if any, as the Registrar may determine, conduct the business of a bank by
means of a branch in the Republic.

(2) To obtain the prior authorization of the Registrar as contemplated in subsection (1), the
foreign institution concerned shall in the prescribed manner and on the prescribed form lodge with
the Registrar a written application which shall be accompanied by -

(a) a written statement containing the prescribed information; and

(b) the prescribed fee.

(3) The Registrar may require the foreign institution applying in terms of subsection (2) to furnish
him with -

(a) such information or documents, in addition to information and documents furnished by

the foreign institution in terms of subsection (2); or

(b) such further information with regard to the nature and extent of supervision exercised
or to be exercised by the responsible supervisory authority of the foreign institution's
country of domicile in respect of -

(i) the proposed branch in the Republic;

(ii) the foreign institution itself; or

(iii) any group of institutions of which the foreign institution may form a part,

as the Registrar may deem necessary.

(4) When the Registrar grants or refuses an application in terms of subsection (2) for
authorization to conduct the business of a bank by means of a branch in the Republic, he shall give
written notice of that fact to the applicant concerned.

(5) The Registrar shall not grant an application in terms of subsection (2) unless he is satisfied
that proper supervision as contemplated in subsection (3)(b) is or will be exercised by the responsible
supervisory authority of the foreign institution's country of domicile.

(6) If the Registrar grants an application referred to in subsection (4) he shall on the prescribed
form issue to the foreign institution concerned a certificate of authorization to conduct the business of
a bank by means of a branch in the Republic.

(7) Any foreign institution that conducts the business of a bank by means of a branch in the
Republic without having obtained the Registrar's written authorization referred to in subsection (1)
shall be guilty of an offence.

Cancellation or suspension of authorization by Registrar and notice by Registrar of intention

to cancel or suspend authorization

18B. (1) The Registrar may, subject to the provisions of subsections (2) and (3), in the case of a

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foreign institution that, under an authorization referred to in section 18A, conducts the business of a
bank by means of a branch in the Republic, with the consent of the Minister and by notice in writing
to the foreign institution concerned cancel, or suspend on such conditions as the Registrar may
deem fit, such authorization if the foreign institution concerned has failed to comply with a prescribed
condition or a further condition, contemplated in section 18(A)(1), to which its authorization is subject.

(2) The Registrar shall, before cancelling or suspending under subsection (1) the authorization of
a foreign institution referred to in subsection (1), in a written notice addressed to the foreign
institution concerned -

(a) inform the foreign institution of his intention to cancel or suspend, as the case may
be, such authorization;

(b) furnish the foreign institution with the reasons for the intended cancellation or
suspension; and

(c) call upon the foreign institution to show cause within a period specified in the notice,
which shall not be less than 30 days as from the date of the notice, why its
authorization should not be so cancelled or suspended.

(3) After considering any representations received within the specified period from the
foreign institution concerned by virtue of the provisions of subsection (2)(c), the Registrar may in his
discretion-

(a) proceed with the cancellation or suspension in terms of subsection (1) of the
authorization; or

(b) refrain from taking any further steps in terms of subsection (1), and the Registrar shall
in writing inform the foreign institution concerned of his decision in terms of this
subsection.

Application for final registration as bank

19. Repealed.

Granting or refusal of application for final registration

20. Repealed.

Untrue information in connection with applications

21. Any person who in or in connection with -

(a) an application for authorization to establish a bank; or

(b) an application for registration as a bank,

furnishes the Registrar with any information which to the knowledge of such person is untrue
or misleading in any material respect, shall be guilty of an offence.

Use of name of bank

22. (1) Subject to the provisions of subsection (2), an institution which is registered as a bank or a
foreign institution which is authorised under section 18A to conduct the business of a bank by means
of a branch in the Republic shall not-

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(a) in the case of such bank use, or refer to itself by, a name other than the name under which it
is so registered, or
(b) in the case of such foreign institution, in respect of the branch concerned use, or refer to the
branch by, a name other than the name under which the conduct of the business of a bank in
the Republic was so authorised,

or any literal translation or abbreviation of such name which has been approved by the Registrar:
Provided that the Registrar may, if he deems it desirable, authorise the use of a name by which such
bank or foreign institution is otherwise generally known.

(2) An institution which is registered as a bank may, with the consent of the Registrar, in
conjunction with its registered name of the name of which the use was authorised by the Registrar
under the proviso to subsection (1) use, or refer to itself by, the name of another bank with which it
has amalgamated or all the assets and liabilities of which have, as contemplated in section 54(1),
been transferred to it or, in the case of a change of name, the name by which it was previously
known.

(3) An institution which contravenes the provisions of subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence.

(4) Any person who, in connection with any business conducted by him -

(a) uses, or refers to himself by, any name, description or symbol indicating, or calculated
to lead persons to infer, that he is a bank registered as such under this Act; or

(b) in any other manner holds himself out to be a bank registered as such under this Act,

while he is not so registered as a bank, shall be guilty of an offence.

(5) No person shall use in respect of any business a name or description which includes the
word “bank”, or any derivative thereof, or the words “deposit-taking institution” or “building society”, or
any derivative thereof, unless -

(a) the business in question is a bank or is authorized under section 18A to conduct the
business of a bank by means of a branch in the Republic; or
(b) the business in question is registered as a controlling company in respect of a bank
under this Act and the name or description in question is so used for the purpose of
indicating the connection between the two companies concerned; or

(c) such name or description is composed of words which include the word "bank" as part
of a place-name or a personal name,

and the Registrar has in writing authorized such person so to use such name or description.

(6) Notwithstanding the prohibition contained in subsection (5), a company -

(a) of which the formation has been approved by the Registrar in terms of section 15,
may be formed under a name which includes the word “bank” or the words “deposit-
taking institution” or “building society”, or a derivative thereof; or
(b) whose application for registration as a bank has been granted by the Registrar under
section 17 and which has not been formed in accordance with paragraph (a) of this
subsection under a name which already includes the word “bank” or the words
“deposit-taking institution” or “building society”, or a derivative thereof, may before its
registration take the necessary steps in accordance with the Companies Act to
include such word, words or derivative in its name.

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(7) The Registrar may in writing direct a company referred to in subsection (6) whose name
includes the word “bank” or the words “deposit-taking institution” or “building society”, or any
derivative thereof, to remove such word, words or derivative from its name -

(a) in the case of a company referred to in paragraph (a) of that subsection, if it fails to
apply in terms of section 16(1) for registration as a bank within the period of 12
months referred to in that section, or if its application for such registration is refused
under section 17; and

(b) in the case of a company referred to in paragraph (b) of that subsection, if it fails to
comply, within a reasonable time after its application for registration has been granted
under section 17, with the conditions subject to which it was registered.

(8) Any person who contravenes any provision of subsection (5) or refuses or fails to comply with
a direction under subsection (7) shall be guilty of an offence.

(9) The provisions of subsection (5) shall not be construed as prohibiting the use in respect of
any company, society, firm, business or undertaking of any name, style or description which
immediately prior to the commencement of this Act was lawfully so used in terms of the provisions of
any law repealed by this Act.

Cancellation or suspension of registration by Registrar

23.(1) The Registrar may subject to the provisions of section 24, in the case of a bank registered as
such, with the consent of the Minister and by notice in writing to the institution concerned cancel, or
suspend on such conditions as the Registrar may deem fit, such registration if the institution has not
conducted any business as a bank during the period of six months commencing on the date on
which the institution was registered as a bank.

(2) The Registrar may, subject to the provisions of section 24, in the case of a bank which is
registered as such, with the consent of the Minister and by notice in writing to the institution
concerned cancel, or suspend on such conditions as the Registrar may deem fit, such registration if -

(a) it has, in the opinion of the Registrar, been obtained on the strength of untrue or
misleading information furnished by any person and such person has, on account of
having so furnished such information, been convicted of an offence in terms of
section 21;

(b) in the case of a bank of which the main place of business is situated in a country
other than the Republic, the authorization in terms of which the institution concerned
is authorized to conduct business in such other country similar to the business of a
bank, is revoked by the competent authority in such other country; or

(c) the institution concerned has failed to comply -

(i) with a prescribed condition or a further condition, contemplated in section

18(1), to which its registration is subject; or
(ii) with a condition imposed by the Registrar under section 18(2).

(3) The Registrar may, subject to the provisions of section 24, in the case of a bank registered as
such, with the consent of the Minister and by notice in writing to the institution concerned cancel such
registration if the institution has ceased to conduct the business of a bank or is no longer in
operation.

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Notice by Registrar of intention to cancel or suspend registration

24.(1) The Registrar shall, before cancelling or suspending under section 23 the registration of a
bank, in a written notice addressed to the chairman or chief executive officer of the institution
concerned -

(a) inform the institution of his intention to cancel or suspend, as the case may be, such
registration;

(b) furnish the institution with the reasons for the intended cancellation or suspension;
and

(c) call upon the institution to show cause within a period specified in the notice, which
shall not be less than 30 days as from the date of the notice, why its registration
should not be so cancelled or suspended.

(2) After considering any representations received within the specified period from the institution
concerned by virtue of the provisions of subsection (1)(c), the Registrar may in his discretion -

(a) proceed with the cancellation or suspension in terms of section 23, of the registration;
or

(b) refrain from taking any further steps in terms of section 23,

and the Registrar shall in writing inform the chairman or chief executive officer of the institution
concerned of his decision in terms of this subsection.

Cancellation or suspension of registration by court

25.(1) The Registrar may by way of application on notice of motion apply to a competent court for
an order cancelling or suspending the registration of a bank if in the opinion of the Registrar there
exist grounds, other than the grounds referred to in section 23, justifying such cancellation or
suspension.

(2) A competent court for the purposes of subsection (1) shall be any provincial or local division
of the Supreme Court of South Africa within the area of jurisdiction of which the registered office,
referred to in section 170 of the Companies Act, of the bank concerned is situated.

(3) The court entertaining an application made under subsection (1) shall enquire into and
consider the matter and shall grant or refuse the application, and may make such order as to costs
as it may deem fit.

(4) In addition to any other grounds which the court may consider sufficient to justify the granting
of an order under subsection (1) cancelling or suspending the registration of a bank, such an order
may also be granted if the institution concerned -

(a) has, or any of its directors or executive officers has, been convicted of any offence in
terms of this Act;

(b) does not carry on satisfactorily the business of a bank;

(c) has failed to comply with a requirement of this Act which is applicable to it in its
capacity as a registered bank;

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(d) continues to employ an undesirable practice; or

(e) has in a material respect misrepresented the facilities which it offers to the general
public,

or if, on any other ground advanced by the Registrar in the relevant application, the court is of the
opinion that it is not in the public interest to allow the institution concerned to continue its activities as
a bank.

Restriction by Registrar of activities of bank

26.(1) The Registrar may, in lieu of an application under section 25(1), by written notice to a
registered bank in respect of which, in the opinion of the Registrar, any of the circumstances
mentioned in paragraphs (a) to (e), inclusive, of section 25(4) is present, restrict the activities of the
institution concerned as a bank in such respects and on such conditions as the Registrar may specify
in the notice.

(2) The provisions of section 24 shall mutatis mutandis apply in respect of the restriction of the
activities of a bank by the Registrar under subsection (1).

Cancellation of registration at request of bank

27. The Registrar shall cancel the registration of a bank upon submission to him by the institution
concerned of a special resolution contemplated in section 200 of the Companies Act authorizing
such cancellation.

Cancellation of registration upon winding-up

28. When the affairs of a bank have been completely wound up as contemplated in section 419
(1) of the Companies Act, the responsible Master of the Supreme Court shall transmit to the
Registrar a copy of the certificate referred to in that section, and the Registrar shall upon receipt of
such copy cancel the registration of the bank concerned.

Withdrawal of suspension or restriction

29.(1) The Registrar may on the written application of a bank of which -

(a) the registration was suspended under section 23; or

(b) the activities were restricted under section 26,

by written notice to the institution concerned withdraw such suspension or restriction, as the case
may be, provided the Registrar is satisfied that the institution has complied with all requirements for
such withdrawal imposed by the Registrar in the conditions of suspension or restriction.

(2) Application for an order discharging an order under section 25 whereby the registration of a
bank has been suspended by the court, may be made to the competent court referred to in section
25(2).

Publication of information relating to banks and representative offices of foreign institutions

30. The Registrar shall publish a notice in the Gazette -

(a) of every -

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(i) registration of an institution as a bank;

(ii) cancellation or suspension of the registration of a bank;

(iii) deleted.

(iv) restriction of the activities of a bank;

(v) withdrawal of such suspension or restriction; or

(vi) change of the name of a bank;

which is affected or which takes place in terms of this Act; and

(b) of every consent to the establishment in the Republic of a representative office of a

foreign institution, which has been granted by him in terms of section 34; and

(c) of every authorization to conduct the business of a bank by means of a branch in the
Republic which has been granted by him to a foreign institution under section 18A.

Date on which registration lapses

31. An institution registered as a bank shall cease to be registered as such -

(a) deleted.

(b) in the case of a registration cancelled by the Registrar under section 23, upon expiry
of 30 days after the date of the notice referred to in subsection (1), (2) or (3) of that
section or, if an application for the review of such a decision to cancel was lodged with
the board of review in terms of section 9 before the expiry of the said 30 days and the
board of review has confirmed such cancellation, upon the date on which the
institution concerned is notified of such confirmation;

(c) in the case of a registration in respect of which the court has granted an order under
section 25 cancelling the registration, upon the date on which that order comes into
force; or

(d) in the case of a registration cancelled by the Registrar in terms of section 27 or 28,
upon such date as may be determined by the Registrar.

Repayment of deposits upon lapse of registration

32.(1) Whenever an institution which is registered as a bank ceases to be registered as such, the
Registrar may in writing order that institution -
(a) to repay, in accordance with such directions and within such period as may be
specified in the order, all money due by it to members of the public in respect of
deposits accepted by it while registered as a bank, including any interest or any other
amounts owing by it in respect of such money; and

(b) to change its name and its memorandum of association and articles of association
within the period and in the manner required by the Registrar.

(2) Different directions and periods may under subsection (1) be determined in respect of
different kinds of deposits : Provided that in determining such directions and periods no preference

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shall be given to any such member of the public which he does not in law enjoy.

(3) An institution which by virtue of the provisions of subsection (1) repays a deposit before the
due date agreed for the repayment thereof, shall not be bound to pay any interest or any other
amounts which would have been payable in respect of such deposit for the period from the date of
such repayment up to such due date.

(4) Any institution which fails to comply with an order under subsection (1) shall -

(a) be guilty of an offence; and

(b) for the purposes of sections 344 and 345 of the Companies Act be deemed not to be
able to pay its debts.

Reregistration in terms of this Act

33. (1) Every institution which on the date immediately preceding the date of commencement of the
Deposit-taking Institutions Amendment Act, 1993 (hereinafter in this section referred to as the
Amendment Act), is a deposit-taking institution that has been provisionally or finally registered as
such under the provisions of this Act as those provisions existed prior to the amendment thereof by
the Amendment Act shall, in accordance with and subject to the provisions of subsection (2) and
(3) –

(a) in the case of an institution that has so been provisionally registered as a deposit-
taking institution, be provisionally registered as a bank, and

(b) in the case of an institution that has so been finally registered as a deposit-taking
institution, be finally registered as a bank,

by the Registrar in terms of the provisions of this Act as so amended, as soon as is practicable after
the said date of commencement.

(2) The Registrar shall when complying with the provisions of subsection (1) issue to the
institution in question a certificate of provisional or final registration as a bank, as the case may be.

(3) The reregistration of an institution in terms of this section shall in the case of a provisional
registration be for the unexpired portion of the period of the institution's former provisional registration
as a deposit-taking institution.

(4) Upon the reregistration of an institution in terms of this section its previous registration as a
deposit-taking institution shall be deemed to have lapsed and any certificate or registration
issued in respect thereof shall be deemed to have been cancelled.

(5) No fees shall be payable in respect of a reregistration in terms of this section.

Reregistration after commencement of Banks Amendment Act, 1994

33A. (1) Every institution which on the date immediately preceding the date of commencement
of the Banks Amendment Act, 1994 (hereinafter in this section referred to as the Amendment Act), is
a bank that has been provisionally or finally registered as such under the provisions of this Act as
those provisions existed prior to the amendment thereof by the Amendment Act shall, in accordance
with and subject to the provisions of subsections (2) and (3), be reregistered as a bank by the
Registrar in terms of the provisions of this Act as so amended, as soon as is practicable after the
said date of commencement.

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(2) The Registrar shall, when complying with the provisions of subsection (1), issue to the
institution in question a certificate of registration as a bank.

(3) The reregistration of an institution in terms of this section shall be subject mutatis mutandis to
the provisions of section 18.

(4) Upon the reregistration of an institution in terms of this section its previous provisional or final
registration as a bank, as the case may be, shall be deemed to have lapsed and any certificate of
registration issued in respect thereof shall be deemed to have been cancelled.

(5) No fees shall be payable in respect of a reregistration in terms of this section.

Representative offices of foreign institutions

34.(1) An institution which has been established in a country other than the Republic and which
lawfully conducts in such other country a business similar to the business of a bank (hereinafter in
this section referred to as a foreign institution), may not establish a representative office in the
Republic without having previously obtained the written consent of the Registrar.

(2) The consent referred to in subsection (1) shall be obtained by way of a written application to
the Registrar in which is specified -

(a) the name of the foreign institution;

(b) the country in which it is established;

(c) the name of its proposed chief representative officer in the Republic; and

(d) the address of its proposed representative office in the Republic,

and the application shall be accompanied by the prescribed fee and a certificate of the competent
authority in the other country in question to the effect that the foreign institution concerned is by or
under the laws of that other country authorized to conduct a business in such country similar to the
business of a bank.

(2A) A foreign institution applying in terms of subsection (2) may be required by the Registrar
to furnish him with such information and documents as he may deem necessary, over and above any
information and documents which have been furnished by such foreign institution by virtue of that
subsection.

(2B) After having considered all information and documents furnished to him for the purpose
of an application in terms of subsection (2), the Registrar may grant the application either
unconditionally or subject to such conditions as he may determine, if satisfied that -

(a) the foreign institution making that application lawfully conducts a business similar to
the business of a bank in a country other than the Republic;

(b) the competent authority responsible in that other country for the supervision of that
foreign institution -

(i) has duly authorized the proposed establishment of a representative office in

the Republic by that foreign institution;

(ii) accepts, is committed to and complies with the proposals, guidelines and

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pronouncements of the Basle Committee on Banking Supervision;

(iii) is not legally precluded from fulfilling its obligations in terms of subparagraph
(ii); and

(iv) will on a continuous basis furnish the Registrar with all material information
regarding the financial soundness of that foreign institution; and

(c) the establishment of a representative office in the Republic by that foreign institution
will not be detrimental to the public interest.

(2C) Upon granting an application for consent to the establishment of a representative

office in the Republic, the Registrar, against payment of the prescribed fee by the
foreign institution, shall issue to the foreign institution, on the prescribed form, a
certificate of authorization for the establishment of a representative office in the
Republic.

(3) After the establishment of a representative office in terms of this section the foreign institution
concerned shall in writing notify the Registrar -

(a) of any change of the name of the institution;

(b) of any substitution of its chief representative officer in the Republic;

(c) of any change of the address of the representative office; or

(d) of the closing down of the representative office,

as soon as it occurs.

(4) A representative office contemplated in this section may not conduct the business of a bank
in the Republic.

(5) Representative offices established in accordance with the provisions of this section shall
furnish the Registrar, at such time or times or at such intervals or in respect of such period or periods
and in such form as may be prescribed, with such prescribed information as he may require
reasonably for purposes of the performance of his functions under this Act.

Annual licence

35. A bank, a branch by means of which a foreign institution is under section 18A authorized to
conduct the business of a bank in the Republic and a representative office established in terms of
section 34 shall obtain from the Registrar a business licence pertaining to its particular business in
respect of each year ending on the thirty-first day of December against payment of the prescribed
licence fees.

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 CHAPTER IV

SHAREHOLDING IN, AND REGISTRATION OF CONTROLLING COMPANIES IN

RESPECT OF, BANKS

Restriction on shareholding in banks and controlling companies

36. Repealed.

Permission for acquisition of shares in bank or controlling company

37. (1) Subject to the provisions of subsection (6), no person shall acquire in a bank or controlling
company shares -

(a) of which the total nominal value; or

(b) of which the total nominal value together with the total nominal value of such shares
already held by such person; or

(c) of which the total nominal value together with the total nominal value of such shares
already held by such person and by his associate or associates,

amounts to more than 15 per cent of the total nominal value of all the issued shares of the bank or
controlling company, without first having obtained permission in accordance with the provisions of
subsection (2) for such acquisition.

(2) (a) If, subject to the provisions of paragraph (c) -

(i) any person has for a period of 12 months or such shorter period as the Registrar may
deem fit held so many shares in a bank or controlling company as he may in
accordance with the provisions of subsection (1) hold therein, he may, if the Registrar
has granted permission in writing thereto, acquire more than 15 per cent, but not
exceeding 24 per cent, of those shares as contemplated in the said subsection;

(ii) the said person has for a period of 12 months or such shorter period as the Registrar
may deem fit held 24 per cent of those shares as so contemplated he may, if the
Registrar has granted permission in writing thereto, acquire more than 24 per cent,
but not exceeding 49 per cent, of those shares as contemplated in the said subsection
(i);

(iii) the said person has for a period of 12 months or such shorter period as the Minister
may deem fit held 49 per cent of those shares as contemplated in the said subsection
(1) he may, if the Minister has, through the Registrar, granted permission thereto in
writing, acquire more than 49 per cent, but not exceeding 74 per cent, of those shares
as contemplated in the said subsection; and

(iv) the said person has for a period of 12 months or such shorter period as the Minister
may deem fit held 74 per cent of those shares as contemplated in the said subsection
(1) he may, if the Minister has, through the Registrar, granted permission thereto in
writing, acquire more than 74 per cent of those shares as contemplated in the said
subsection.

(b) Permission in terms of paragraph (a) shall only be granted on application on the
prescribed form and after consultation with the Competition Board established by
section 3 of the Maintenance and Promotion of Competition Act, 1979 (Act No. 96 of
 35

1979).

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a), the Registrar or the Minister, as the
case may be, may, if in a particular case he deems it fit to do so, grant permission for
the acquisition of shares as contemplated in subparagraph (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv) of
paragraph (a) without the applicant for such permission having held shares for the
period of 12 months or any shorter period as required in any of the said
subparagraphs.

(3) If any person at the commencement of the Deposit-taking Institutions Amendment Act, 1992,
already holds more than 15 per cent of the shares in a bank or controlling company as contemplated
in subsection (1), he may not acquire more of those shares as contemplated in the said subsection
before he has obtained the appropriate permission in terms of subsection (2).

(4) Permission in terms of subsection (2) for the acquisition of shares in a bank or controlling
company shall not be granted unless the Registrar or the Minister, as the case may be, is satisfied
that the proposed acquisition of shares -

(a) will not be contrary to the public interest; and

(b) will not be contrary to the interests of the bank concerned or its depositors or of the
controlling company concerned, as the case may be.

(5) If, in the case of a shareholding contemplated in -

(a) subsection (2)(a)(i) and (ii), the Registrar; or

(b) subsection (2)(a)(iii) and (iv), the Minister,

is of the opinion that the retention of such shareholding in a bank or controlling company by a
particular shareholder will be to the detriment of the bank or controlling company concerned, he may
by way of application on notice of motion apply to the division of the Supreme Court in whose area of
jurisdiction the head office of the bank or controlling company is situated, for an order -

(i) compelling such shareholder to reduce, within a period determined by the court, his
shareholding in that bank or controlling company to a shareholding, as contemplated
in subsection (1), with a total nominal value of not more than 15 per cent of the total
nominal value of all the issued shares of that bank or controlling company; and

(ii) limiting, with immediate effect, the voting rights that may be exercised by such
shareholder by virtue of his shareholding to 15 per cent of the voting rights attached to
all the issued shares of the bank or controlling company concerned.

(6) The provisions of subsection (1) shall not apply to the acquisition of shares in a bank by a
controlling company registered as such in respect of that bank.

(7) For the purposes of this section “associate” -

(a) in relation to a natural person, means -

(i) a close relative of that person; or

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(ii) any person who has entered into an agreement or arrangement with the first-
mentioned person, relating to the acquisition, holding or disposal of, or the
exercising of voting rights in respect of, shares in the bank or controlling
company in question;

(b) in relation to a juristic person -

(i) which is a company, means any subsidiary or holding company of that

company, any other subsidiary of that holding company and any other
company of which that holding company is a subsidiary;

(ii) which is a close corporation registered under the Close Corporations Act,
1984 (Act No. 69 of 1984), means any member thereof as defined in section 1
of that Act;

(iii) which is not a company or a close corporation as contemplated in this

paragraph, means another juristic person which would have been a subsidiary
of the first-mentioned juristic person -

(aa) had such first-mentioned juristic person been a company; or

(bb) in the case where that other juristic person, too, is not a company, had
both the first-mentioned juristic person and that other juristic person
been a company;

(iv) means any person in accordance with whose directions or instructions the
board of directors of or, in the case where such juristic person is not a
company, the governing body of such juristic person is accustomed to act;
and

(c) in relation to any person -

(i) means any juristic person of which the board of directors or, in the case where
such juristic person is not a company, of which the governing body is
accustomed to act in accordance with the directions or instructions of the
person first-mentioned in this paragraph; and

(ii) includes any trust controlled or administered by that person.

Registration of shares in name of nominees

38. (1) Notwithstanding the provisions of the Companies Act, no bank or controlling company shall
without the written approval of the Registrar -

(a) allot or issue any of its shares to, or register any of its shares in the name of, any
person other than the intended beneficial shareholder;

(b) transfer any of its shares in the name of a person other than the beneficial
shareholder; or

(c) after the commencement of this Act allow any of its shares to remain registered in the
name of a person other than the beneficial shareholder.

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(2) Subsection (1) shall not affect the allotment or issue, or the registration of the transfer, of
shares in a bank or controlling company -

(a) in the name of a trustee of a unit trust scheme as defined in section 1 of the Unit
Trusts Control Act, 1981 (Act No. 54 of 1981), or of a nominated company of the
trustee approved by the Registrar of Unit Trust Companies;

(b) in the name of any executor, administrator, trustee, curator, guardian or liquidator in
the circumstances mentioned in section 103(3) of the Companies Act;

(c) for a period of not more than six months, in the name of a stock-broker or of a
company established by him for a purpose mentioned in section 12(3) of the Stock
Exchanges Control Act, 1985 (Act No. 1 of 1985), or of a company controlled by the
bank or of an employee of the bank, if it is necessary that the shares be so allotted,
issued or registered in order to facilitate delivery to the purchaser or to protect the
rights of the beneficiary in respect of those shares or where the beneficiary is not
known; or

(d) in the name of a person in other special circumstances determined by the Minister by
notice in the Gazette.

Furnishing of information by shareholders

39. Any person desiring shares in a bank or controlling company to be allotted or issued to him or
to be registered in his name, or in whose name such shares are registered, and any person acting
on behalf of such a person, shall at the written request of the bank or controlling company furnish it
with -

(a) deleted.

(b) such information as may be required by the bank or controlling company for the
purposes of complying with the provisions of section 38.

Absence of wrongful intent

40. If a bank or controlling company or any director, officer, employee or agent of a bank or
controlling company in good faith and on the strength of information reasonably obtained acts or fails
to act and thereby unknowingly contravenes the provisions of section 38, such act or failure to act
shall not constitute an offence.

Effects of registration of shares contrary to Act

41.(1) No person shall -

(a) either personally or by proxy granted to any other person, cast a vote attached to; or

(b) receive a dividend payable on,

any share in a bank or controlling company allotted or issued to him or registered in his name in
contravention of a provision of this Act.

(2) The validity of any resolution adopted by a bank or controlling company shall not be affected
by a vote being cast in contravention of subsection (1)(a), if that resolution was adopted by the
requisite majority of votes which were validly cast.

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(3) A dividend referred to in subsection (1)(b) shall accrue to the bank or controlling company
concerned.

Restriction of right to control bank

42.(1) Subject to the provisions of section 37, no person other than a bank or an institution which
has been approved by the Registrar and which conducts business to the similar business of a bank
in a country other than the Republic may exercise control over a bank, unless such person is a public
company and is registered as a controlling company in respect of such bank.

(2) For the purposes of this Act a person shall be deemed to exercise control over a bank if, in
the case where that person is a company, the bank is a subsidiary of that company, or, whether or
not that person is a company, if that person by himself or together with his associates -

(a) holds shares in the bank of which the total nominal value represents more than 50 per
cent of the nominal value of all the issued shares of the bank, unless, due to
limitations on the voting rights attached to the shares so held by the person by himself
or together with his associates, as the case may be, such person voting on his own or
such person and his associates voting as a group, is or are unable to decisively
influence the outcome of the voting at a general meeting of the bank;

(b) is entitled to exercise more than 50 per cent of the voting rights in respect of the
issued shares of that bank; or

(c) is entitled or has the power to determine the appointment of the majority of the
directors of that bank, including -

(i) the power to appoint or remove, without the concurrence of any other person,
all or the majority of such directors; or

(ii) the power to prevent any person from being appointed a director without his
consent,

and if a person's appointment as a director of the bank follows necessarily from his appointment as a
director of the person first-mentioned in this subsection, the first-mentioned appointment shall for the
purposes of this subsection be deemed to be an appointment by virtue of a power of a person so
first-mentioned.

(3) For the purposes of this section "associate" means an associate as defined in section 37(7).

Application for registration as controlling company

43.(1) A public company -

(a) which desires to exercise control over any bank; or

(b) which is a controlling company, as defined in section 1 of the Companies Act, in

respect of any other public company which has applied in terms of section 16 for
registration as a bank,

may apply to the Registrar on the prescribed form for registration as a controlling company in respect
of that bank or proposed bank, as the case may be.

(2) An application referred to in subsection (1) shall be accompanied by such information and
documents as may be prescribed.

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(3) A public company applying in terms of subsection (1) for registration as a controlling
company shall submit such additional particulars in connection with its application as the Registrar
may require.

Granting or refusal of application for registration as controlling company

44.(1) Subject to the provisions of subsection (2), the Registrar may, after considering all
information, documents and particulars furnished in terms of section 43 for the purposes of an
application under that section, grant or refuse the relevant application or grant the application subject
to such conditions as he may impose.

(2) The Registrar shall not grant an application made under section 43 unless he is satisfied -

(a) that the registration of the applicant as a controlling company will not be contrary to
the public interest;

(b) that, in the case of an applicant applying for registration in the circumstances referred
to in section 43(1)(a), the applicant will be able to establish control, as contemplated
in section 42(2), over the bank concerned;

(c) that no provision of the memorandum of association or articles of association of the

applicant is inconsistent with a provision of this Act or is undesirable in so far as it
concerns banks;

(d) that every director or executive officer of the applicant is, as far as can reasonably be
ascertained, a fit and proper person to hold the office of such director or executive
officer, and that every such executive officer has sufficient knowledge and experience
to manage the affairs of the applicant in its capacity of a controlling company;

(e) that the applicant is in a financially sound condition;

(f) that no interest which any person has in the applicant is inconsistent with a provision
of this Act; and

(g) that the application complies with the requirements of this Act.

(3) When the Registrar in terms of this section grants or refuses an application for registration as
a controlling company, he shall give written notice of that fact to the applicant concerned.

(4) (a) If the Registrar in terms of this section grants an application he shall, upon
compliance by the applicant with the conditions subject to which the application was
granted and on payment of the prescribed registration fee, register the applicant
concerned as a controlling company in respect of the bank concerned and on the
prescribed form issue to the applicant a certificate of registration as a controlling
company in respect of the bank concerned.

(b) No applicant which has applied for registration as a controlling company in the
circumstances referred to in section 43(1)(b) shall be registered as such a controlling
company unless the company in respect of which it made such application is
registered as a bank.

(5) In addition to any other condition which the Registrar may impose under subsection (1), he
may impose a condition requiring an applicant which applied for registration as a controlling company
in the circumstances referred to in section 43(1)(a) -

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(a) to furnish within a specified period proof to the satisfaction of the Registrar that it will
immediately after its registration as a controlling company establish control over the
bank in respect of which it desires to be registered; or

(b) to make an offer, within a specified period and on a basis and on conditions regarded
by the Registrar as reasonable and fair, to persons holding shares in the said bank to
take up shares in the applicant or to exchange shares held by them in the said bank
for shares in the applicant.

(6) (a) Whenever the Registrar has imposed a condition referred to in subsection (5)(b), he
may, after consultation with the applicant concerned, designate a person to
investigate, independently of the applicant, and to advise the Registrar on, the
reasonableness and fairness of the basis and conditions on which the applicant
intends to make the share offer in compliance with the condition.

(b) The costs of an investigation in terms of paragraph (a) shall be paid by the applicant
concerned.

(7) A public company which on the date immediately preceding the date of commencement of
the Deposit-taking Institutions Amendment Act, 1993 (hereinafter in this subsection referred to as the
Amendment Act), is, in terms of the provisions of this Act as those provisions existed prior to the
amendment thereof by the Amendment Act, registered as a controlling company in respect of a
deposit-taking institution, shall, with effect from the date of the reregistration of the deposit-taking
institution concerned as a bank in terms of section 33, be deemed to be a controlling company
registered as such in terms of this section in respect of the bank as so reregistered.

Cancellation by Registrar of registration of controlling company

45.(1) If a controlling company has failed to establish control over the bank in respect of which it is
registered, or no longer exercises such control, the Registrar may by notice in writing to such
controlling company cancel its registration in respect of that bank.

(2) No cancellation of any registration under subsection (1) shall be of force unless the Registrar
has previously by notice in writing given the controlling company concerned an opportunity to show
cause within a period specified in the notice, not being less than 30 days, why its registration should
not be cancelled.

Cancellation by court of registration of controlling company

46.(1) The Registrar may by way of application on notice of motion apply to a competent court for
an order cancelling the registration of a controlling company if in the opinion of the Registrar there
exists grounds, other than the grounds referred to in section 45, justifying such cancellation.

(2) The provisions of subsection (2) and (3) of section 25 shall mutatis mutandis apply to an
application under subsection (1).

(3) In addition to any other grounds which the court may consider sufficient to justify the granting
of an order under subsection (1) cancelling the registration of a controlling company, such an order
may also be granted if the controlling company concerned -

(a) has furnished the Registrar in or in connection with its application for registration with
information which is in a material respect untrue; or

(b) has contravened or failed to comply with a provision of or a requirement under this
Act,

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or if, on any other ground advances by the Registrar in the relevant application, the court is of the
opinion that it is not in the public interest to allow the controlling company concerned to continue its
activities as a controlling company.

Cancellation of registration at request of controlling company

47. The Registrar shall cancel the registration of a controlling company upon submission to him
by the controlling company of a special resolution contemplated in section 200 of the Companies Act
authorizing such cancellation.

Lapse of registration of controlling company upon cancellation of registration of bank

48. (1) If the registration of a bank in respect of which a controlling company is registered, is
cancelled, the registration of that controlling company in respect of that bank shall be deemed to
have been cancelled simultaneously.

(2) The cancellation of the registration of a controlling company by virtue of the provisions of
subsection (1) shall be with effect from the date on which the bank concerned in terms of section 31
ceased to be registered as such.

Date on which registration of controlling company lapses

49. A controlling company shall cease to be registered as such -

(a) in the case of a registration cancelled by the Registrar under section 45, upon expiry
of 30 days after the date of the notice referred to in subsection (1) of that section or, if
an application for the review of such a decision to cancel was lodged with the board of
review in terms of section 9 before the expiry of the said 30 days and the board of
review has confirmed such cancellation, upon the date on which the controlling
company concerned is notified of such confirmation;

(b) in the case of a registration in respect of which the court has granted an order under
section 46 cancelling the registration, upon the date on which that order comes into
force; or

(c) in the case of a registration cancelled by the Registrar in terms of section 47, upon
such date as may be determined by the Registrar.

Investments by controlling companies

50. A controlling company investing money -

(a) in undertakings other than banks, institutions which conduct business similar to the
business of a bank in a country other than the Republic, controlling companies or
companies of which the main object is the holding or development of property which
is used or intended to be used mainly for the purpose of conducting the business of a
bank; or

(b) in fixed property which is not used or intended to be used mainly for the purpose of
conducting the business of a bank,

shall manage its transactions in such investments in such a way that the amount of such investments
does not at any time exceed 40 per cent of the sum of its share capital and reserve funds.

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 CHAPTER V

FUNCTIONING OF BANKS AND CONTROLLING COMPANIES WITH REFERENCE

TO COMPANIES ACT

Application of Companies Act to banks and controlling companies

51.(1) A company registered as a bank or as a controlling company shall continue to be a company

in terms of the Companies Act, and the provisions of that Act shall, subject to the provisions of
subsection (2), continue to apply to any such company to the extent to which they are not
inconsistent with any provision of this Act: Provided that -

(a) the provisions of the Companies Act governing the conversion of public companies
into other forms of companies shall not apply to any such company; and

(b) in the application, by virtue of the provisions of this subsection, of the provisions of
section 171 (1) of the Companies Act in respect of a company referred to in this
subsection, the reference in the said section 171 (1) -

(i) to “director”, shall be deemed to be a reference only to a director whose name

appears in the relevant company's register of directors and officers
contemplated in section 215 of the Companies Act; and

(ii) to “business letter”, shall be deemed not to include a reference to any printed
form of advice.

(2) The Minister may with the concurrence of the Minister of Trade and Industry by notice in the
Gazette declare that a provision of the Companies Act specified in such notice -

(a) shall not apply to any company registered as a bank or as a controlling company;

(b) shall only apply to any such company subject to such adjustments and qualifications
as may be specified in the notice; or

(c) the administration of which vests in the Registrar of Companies, shall in respect of
companies registered as banks or as controlling companies vest in the Registrar.

(3) The Minister shall lay a copy of a notice under subsection (2) upon the Tables in Parliament
within 14 days after the publication thereof, if Parliament is then in ordinary session, or, if Parliament
is not then in ordinary session, within 14 days after the commencement of its next ensuing ordinary
session, and any such notice shall cease to be in force if every House of Parliament by resolution
passed during the session in which such notice has been so laid upon the Tables, disapproves
thereof : Provided that nothing contained in this subsection shall affect the power of the Minister to
issue a new notice under subsection (2) as to the subject matter of the notice which has so ceased to
be in force.

Subsidiaries, branch offices, other interests and representative offices of banks and
controlling companies

52.(1) A bank shall not without the prior written approval of the Registrar or otherwise than in
accordance with conditions approved by the Registrar in writing -

(a) establish a subsidiary within or outside the Republic or enter into an agreement
having the effect that any company becomes its subsidiary within or outside the
 43

Republic;

(aA) invest in a joint venture within or outside the Republic if the investment, or the
investment together with one or more investments already made by the bank in that
joint venture, results in the bank being exposed to an amount representing more than
five per cent of its capital and reserves: Provided that for as long as the bank is
exposed to the aforementioned extent, such approval must be obtained whenever it
seeks to make a further investment in that joint venture;

(b) open a branch office outside the Republic;

(c) acquire an interest in any undertaking having its registered office or principal place of
business outside the Republic;

(d) outside the Republic -

(i) create a trust of which the bank is a major beneficiary; or

(ii) establish any financial or other business undertaking under its direct or
indirect control; or

(e) establish a representative office outside the Republic.

(2) To obtain the prior approval of the Registrar as contemplated in subsection (1), there shall be
lodged with the Registrar a written application in which full particulars of the proposed action are
furnished, including, in the case of a proposed establishment of a representative office outside the
Republic as contemplated in paragraph (e) of the said subsection -

(a) The country in which the representative office is to be established;

(b) the name of the proposed chief representative officer, in that country, of the bank;
and

(c) the address of the proposed representative office in that country.

(3) The Registrar may require an applicant contemplated in subsection (2) to furnish him with
such information, in addition to particulars furnished by the applicant in terms of that subsection, as
the Registrar may deem necessary.

(4) After the establishment in terms of this section of a representative office outside the Republic,
the bank concerned shall in writing notify the Registrar of -

(a) any substitution of its chief representative officer in the country concerned;

(b) any change of the address of the representative office in question; or

(c) the closing down of the representative office,

as soon as it occurs.

(5) The provisions of subsection (1)(a), (c) and (d), and of subsection (2) and (3) in so far as they
are relevant, shall mutatis mutandis apply in respect of any controlling company.

(6) For the purposes of this section and section 53 "joint venture" means a contractual
arrangement between two or more persons, one or more of whom is a bank or a controlling

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company, in terms whereof the parties undertake an economic activity that is subject to their joint
control.

Disclosure by banks and controlling companies of interest in subsidiaries, trusts and other
undertakings

53. A bank or a controlling company shall on such a form and at such intervals as may be
prescribed furnish the Registrar with such particulars as may be prescribed relating to its
shareholding or other interests in -

(a) its subsidiaries contemplated in section 52(1)(a);

(aA) any joint venture contemplated in section 52(1)(aA);

(b) an undertaking contemplated in section 52(1)(c); or

(c) any trust or financial or other business undertaking contemplated in section 52(1)(d).

Compromises, amalgamations, arrangements and affected transactions

54.(1) No compromise, amalgamation or arrangement referred to in Chapter XII of the Companies

Act and which involves a bank as one of the principal parties to the relevant transaction, and no
arrangement for the transfer of all or any part of the assets and liabilities of a bank to another person,
shall have legal force unless the consent of the Minister, conveyed in writing through the Registrar, to
the transaction in question has been obtained beforehand.

(2) The Minister shall not grant his consent referred to in subsection (1) unless -

(a) he is satisfied that the transaction in question will not be detrimental to the public
interest;

(b) in the case of an amalgamation referred to in subsection (1), the amalgamation is an

amalgamation of banks only; or

(c) in the case of a transfer of assets and liabilities referred to in subsection (1) which
entails the transfer by the transferor bank of the whole or any part of its business as a
bank, such transfer is effected to another bank or to a person approved by the
Registrar for the purpose of the said transfer.

(3) Upon the coming into effect of a transaction effecting the amalgamation of one bank with
another bank as contemplated in subsection (2)(b), or effecting the transfer of all or part of the
assets and liabilities of one bank to another bank or person as contemplated in subsection (2)(c) -

(a) all the assets and liabilities of the amalgamating banks or, in the case of such transfer
of assets and liabilities, those assets and liabilities of the transferor bank that are
transferred in terms of the transaction, shall vest in and become binding upon the
amalgamated bank or, as the case may be, the bank or person taking transfer of
such assets and liabilities;

(b) the amalgamated bank or, in the case of such transfer of assets and liabilities, the
bank or person taking transfer of such assets and liabilities, shall have the same
rights and be subject to the same obligations as those which the amalgamating banks
or, as the case may be, the transferor bank may have had or to which they or it may
have been subject immediately before the amalgamation or transfer;

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(c) all agreements, appointments, transactions and documents entered into, made,
drawn up or executed with, by or in favour of any of the amalgamating banks or, as
the case may be, the transferor bank, and in force immediately prior to the
amalgamation or transfer, but excluding such agreements, appointments,
transactions and documents that, by virtue of the terms and conditions of the
amalgamation or transfer, are not to be retained in force, shall remain of full force and
effect and shall be construed for all purposes as if they had been entered into, made,
drawn up or executed with, by or in favour of the amalgamated bank or, as the case
may be, the bank or person taking transfer of the assets and liabilities in question;
and

(d) any bond, pledge, guarantee or instrument to secure future advances, facilities or
services by any of the amalgamating banks or, as the case may be, by the transferor
bank, which was in force immediately prior to the amalgamation or transfer, shall
remain of full force and effect and shall be construed as a bond, pledge, guarantee or
instrument given to or in favour of the amalgamated bank or, as the case may be, the
bank or person taking transfer of such assets and liabilities, as security for future
advances, facilities or services by that bank or person except where, in the case of
such transfer, any obligation to provide such advances, facilities or services is not
included in the transfer.

(4) Any compromise, amalgamation or arrangement or any arrangement for the transfer of
assets and liabilities, referred to in subsection (1), excluding a transfer other than a transfer referred
to in subsection (2)(c), shall be subject -

(a) to confirmation at a general meeting of shareholders of each of the banks

concerned; or

(b) in the case of a transaction effecting the transfer of assets and liabilities of
one bank to another bank or a person as contemplated in subsection (2)(c), to
confirmation at a general meeting of shareholders of the transferor bank and
the bank or person taking transfer of such assets and liabilities,

and the notice convening such a meeting shall contain or have attached to it the terms and
conditions of the relevant agreement or arrangement.

(5) Notice of the passing of the resolution confirming, as contemplated in subsection (4), any
compromise, amalgamation or arrangement, or any arrangement for the transfer of assets and
liabilities, together with a copy of such resolution and the terms and conditions of the relevant
agreement or arrangement, duly certified by the chairperson of the meeting at which such resolution
was passed and by the secretary of the bank or person concerned, shall be sent to the Registrar by
each of the banks involved or, in the case of a transaction effecting the transfer of assets and
liabilities of one bank to another bank or a person as contemplated in subsection (2)(c), by the
relevant transferor bank and the bank or person taking transfer of such assets and liabilities, and
after having received such notices from all the parties to the relevant agreement or arrangement, the
Registrar shall register those notices.

(6) Upon the registration by the Registrar of the notices referred to in subsection (5) -

(a) of any amalgamation of two or more banks, the registration of the individual banks
which were parties to the amalgamation shall be deemed to be cancelled and the
Registrar shall withdraw those registrations and, on payment by the bank created by
the amalgamation of the prescribed registration fee, register such bank subject
mutatis mutandis to the provisions of section 18, as a bank; or

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(b) of any arrangement for the transfer of all the assets and liabilities of a bank, the
registration of such bank shall be deemed to be cancelled and shall be withdrawn by
the Registrar.

(7) Upon registration of a bank by the Registrar in terms of subsection (6), he shall issue a
certificate of registration to the bank concerned.

(8) The Registrar of Companies, every Master of the Supreme Court and every officer or person
in charge of a deeds registry or any other office, if, in his office or any register under his control
there-

(a) is registered any title to property belonging to, or any bond or other right in favour of,
or any appointment of or by; or

(aA) is registered any share, stock, debenture or other marketable security in favour of; or

(b) has been issued any licence to or in favour of,

any bank which has amalgamated with any other bank, or any bank which has transferred all or part
of its assets and liabilities to any other bank or person shall, if satisfied -

(i) that the Minister has consented in terms of subsection (1) to the amalgamation of
transfer; and

(ii) that such amalgamation or transfer has been duly effected,

and upon production to him of any relevant deed, bond, share, stock, debenture, certificate, letter of
appointment, licence or other document, make such endorsements thereon and effect such
alterations in his registers as may be necessary to record the transfer of the relevant property, bond
or other right, share, stock, debenture, marketable security, letter of appointment or licence and of
any rights thereunder to the amalgamated bank or, as the case may be, to the bank or person that
has taken transfer of the said assets and liabilities.

(8A) No transfer duty, stamp duty, registration fees, licence duty or other charges shall be payable
in respect of -

(a) a transfer contemplated in subsection (8) taking place in the execution of a

transaction entered into at the instance of the Registrar in the interest of the effective
supervision of banks or the maintenance of a stable banking sector; or

(b) any endorsement or alteration made to record such transfer, upon submission to the
Registrar of Companies, or the Master, officer or person referred to in subsection (8),
as the case may be, of a written confirmation by the Registrar of Banks that the
Minister, on the recommendation of the last-mentioned Registrar and after
consultation with the Commissioner for Inland Revenue, has consented to the waiver
of such duties, fees or charges.

(9) The provisions of this section shall not affect the rights of any creditor of a bank which has
amalgamated with or transferred all its assets and liabilities to any other bank or person or taken
over all the assets and liabilities of any other bank, except to the extent provided in this section.

(10) The conditions and any tax benefit which immediately prior to the date of a transfer, referred
to in this section, of assets and liabilities were applicable in respect of an investment, referred to in
section 10(1)(i)(xii), (xiiA) or (xiii), 10(1)(v), (vA) or (w) or 19(5A) of the Income Tax Act, 1962 (Act
No. 58 of 1962), with the transferor bank shall, notwithstanding such a transfer of assets and

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 47

liabilities but subject to the provisions of the said Act, remain applicable to the investment until the
expiration of a period of ten years as from the date on which it was initially made or until it is
redeemed, whichever occurs first.

(11) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in -

(a) Chapter XVA of the Companies Act;

(b) the Securities Regulation code on Take-overs and Mergers published by Government
Notice No. R.29 dated 18 January 1991, and any amendment thereof; or

(c) the Rules under section 440C(4)(a), (b), (c) and (f) of the Companies Act, published
by the said Government Notice No. R.29, and any amendment thereof,

neither the Securities Regulation Panel established by section 440B of the Companies Act nor its
executive committee or its executive director shall furnish any clearance, decision or ruling in respect
of a matter submitted to it or him in terms of the provisions of the above-mentioned Code or Rules,
and which matter relates to an affected transaction, as defined in section 440A(1) of the Companies
Act, involving -

(i) deleted.

(ii) an acquisition of shares in a bank or controlling company for which permission under
section 37(2)(a) (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv) is a prerequisite, unless the person submitting the
matter in question has furnished the said Panel, executive committee or executive
director with written proof that such exemption or permission, as the case may be,
has in fact been obtained.

Reconstruction within group of companies

55. No reconstruction of companies within a group -

(a) in respect of which annual financial statements are required to be made out in terms
of section 288(1) of the Companies Act; and

(b) of which a bank or a controlling company or subsidiary of a bank is a member,

shall be effected without the prior written approval of the Registrar.

Alteration of memorandum of association or articles of association, and change of name

56.(1) No -

(a) alteration, in terms of section 55, 56 or 62 of the Companies Act, of the memorandum
of association or articles of association of a company registered as a bank; or

(b) change, in terms of section 44 of the Companies Act, of the name of any such
company,

shall have legal force for the purposes of this Act or any other law unless such alteration or change
has been approved in writing by the Registrar prior to the registration thereof by the Registrar of
Companies.

(2) Any application for the Registrar's approval in terms of subsection (1) shall be lodged with the
Registrar before the proposed special resolution authorizing the alteration or change in question is

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laid before a general meeting of the company, and such application shall be accompanied by -

(a) two copies of the proposed special resolution; and

(b) an explanation of the reasons for the resolution.

(3) The Registrar shall not grant any application referred to in subsection (2) if he is of the
opinion -

(a) that the proposed alteration is inconsistent with any provision of this Act or is
undesirable in so far as it concerns the activities of banks; or

(b) that the proposed new name is unacceptable on any of the grounds mentioned in
subparagraphs (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) of section 17(2)(e).

(4) A bank shall within 21 days of the registration by the Registrar of Companies of an alteration
of its memorandum of association or articles of association or a change of its name, furnish the
Registrar with a certified copy of the special resolution which sets out the alteration or change of
name, as the case may be.

(5) Upon receipt, by virtue of the provisions of subsection (4), of a copy of a special resolution,
and payment by the bank concerned of the prescribed fee, the Registrar shall -

(a) in the case of a special resolution relating to an alteration of a memorandum of

association or articles of association, register the alteration in question and issue to
the bank concerned a certificate to the effect that the said alteration has been
registered by the Registrar with effect from a date specified in the certificate; or

(b) in the case of a special resolution relating to a change of name, change the name of
the bank concerned in his register of banks, and issue to the bank concerned a
certificate of such change of name.

(6) An alteration referred to in subsection (5)(a) shall not take effect until it has been registered in
terms of that subsection.

(7) The provisions of subsections (1), (2) and (3) shall not apply with respect to any alteration of
a bank's memorandum of association or articles of association in accordance with a direction by the
Registrar under this Act.

(8) The provisions of subsection (1)(a), and of subsections (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6) in so far as
they are relevant, shall mutatis mutandis apply in respect of any controlling company.

Alteration of memorandum of association or articles of association in accordance with

direction of Registrar

57.(1) The Registrar may at any time in writing direct a bank to effect such alteration, not contrary to
a provision of this Act, to its memorandum of association or articles of association as the Registrar
may deem desirable in order to remove anomalies or undesirable divergences in the activities of
different banks.

(2) An alteration directed by the Registrar under subsection (1) shall on or before the day of the
first annual general meeting, referred to in section 179 of the Companies Act, following upon the date
of such direction, be submitted for consideration to the shareholders of the bank concerned.

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(3) If a bank refuses or fails to alter its memorandum of association or articles of association in
accordance with a direction of the Registrar under subsection (1), the Registrar may submit a copy of
that direction to the Registrar of Companies, who shall thereupon deal with the proposed alteration
contained therein in accordance with the Companies Act as if it were contained in a special
resolution adopted by the bank concerned and submitted to him by that bank in accordance with that
Act.

Information regarding directors and officers

58. Every bank and every controlling company shall within 30 days of its registration as such,
furnish the Registrar with a copy of its register of directors and officers referred to in section 215 of
the Companies Act.

Returns regarding shareholders

59.(1) Every bank and every controlling company shall within 90 days of its registration as such, and
annually thereafter within 30 days of the thirty-first day of December of each year, furnish the
Registrar with a return regarding its shareholders as at the date of the said registration or as on the
said thirty-first day of December, as the case may be.

(2) A return referred to in subsection (1) shall comprise separate lists of domestic and foreign
shareholders, each of which shall be compiled in alphabetical order according to the names of the
shareholders and stating opposite each name -

(a) the address of the shareholder;

(b) the number and class of shares registered in his name;

(c) the total nominal value of those shares;

(d) the percentage which the total nominal value of those shares represents of the total
nominal value of all the issued shares of the bank or controlling company; and

(e) if the shareholder is a bank, controlling company or, in the case of a foreign
shareholder, an institution conducting business similar to the business of a bank, the
fact that it is such a bank, controlling company or institution, as the case may be :

Provided -

(i) that two or more domestic shareholders who are associates shall in alphabetical order
according to their names be included in the list as a group under the name of one of
the associates, stating, in addition to the particulars referred to in paragraphs (a) to
(e), inclusive -

(aa) the fact that they are associates;

(bb) the total nominal value of all the shares registered in their respective names;
and

(cc) the percentage which the total nominal value of those shares represents of
the total nominal value of all the issued shares of the bank or controlling
company; and

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(ii) that the name of a shareholder and the particulars referred to in paragraphs (a) to (e),
inclusive, shall, subject to subsection (3), not be included in such a list if the total
nominal value of the shares registered in his name -

(aa) in the case of a domestic shareholder, is less that one per cent of the total
nominal value of all the issued shares of the bank or controlling company; or

(bb) in the case of a foreign shareholder, is less that the lower of R100 000 or one
per cent of the total nominal value of all such issued shares.

(3) A return referred to in subsection (1) shall further specify -

(a) the number of domestic and the number of foreign shareholders whose names and
individual particulars are by virtue of paragraph (ii) of the proviso to subsection (2) not
included in the lists, and opposite the respective numbers -

(i) the number of shares registered in the name of the relevant shareholders;

(ii) the total nominal value of such shares; and

(iii) the percentage which the total nominal value of such shares represents of the total
nominal value of all the issued shares of the bank or controlling company; and

(b) the total nominal value of shares registered in the name of all domestic and all foreign
shareholders, respectively.

(4) If the total nominal value of the shares in a bank or controlling company registered in the
name of a shareholder is less than the lower of R100 000 or one per cent of the total nominal value
of all the issued shares of the bank or controlling company concerned, such bank or controlling
company may, for the purposes of this section, summarily accept, unless it has knowledge to the
contrary, that the shareholder concerned -

(a) is a domestic shareholder, if the address entered in respect of such shareholder in

the register of members referred to in section 105 of the Companies Act is an
address in the Republic; and

(b) is not an associate of any other shareholder of the bank or controlling company.

(5) For the purposes of this section “associate” means an associate as defined in section 37(7).

Directors of bank or controlling company

60.(1) Each director of a bank or controlling company shall stand in a fiduciary relationship to the
bank or controlling company, as the case may be, of which he is a director.

(2) Without derogating from the generality of the expression 'fiduciary relationship' in subsection
(1), the provisions of that subsection imply that a director -

(a) shall, in relation to the bank or controlling company of which he is a director, act
honestly and in good faith and, in particular, shall exercise such powers as he may
have to manage or represent the bank or controlling company, exclusively in the best
interests and for the benefit of the bank and its depositors or of the controlling
company, as the case may be; and

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(b) shall, in the performance of his functions as director of such bank or controlling
company, observe such guidelines and comply with such requirements as may be
prescribed under section 90(1)(b).

(3) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any law or the common law or in any agreement
contained, not more than 49 per cent, rounded off to the next lower integral number, of the directors
of -

(a) a bank shall be employees of that bank or of any of its subsidiaries, or of such bank's
controlling company or of any of such controlling company's subsidiaries;

(b) a controlling company shall be employees of that company or of any bank in respect
of which that company is registered as a controlling company:

Provided that in respect of any matter put to the vote at a meeting of the board of directors of a bank
or of a controlling company, as the case may be, such directors who are employees of that bank or
that controlling company, as the case may be, shall together not have a vote in excess of 49 per cent
of the total vote cast by all the directors present and voting at that meeting.

(4) No person who on the date of commencement of this Act is a director of a bank or controlling
company shall on the expiration of his term of office be eligible for reappointment as such a director
unless or until he qualifies for such appointment in terms of the provisions of subsection (3).

(5) (a) Every bank and every controlling company shall, at least 30 days prior to the
appointment of a new director (whether for the purpose of the filling of a casual
vacancy or in any other circumstances) to its board of directors becoming effective, in
writing furnish the Registrar with the prescribed information in respect of the proposed
new director.

(b) No appointment of a new director to the board of directors of any bank or

controlling company, as contemplated in paragraph (a), shall have legal force
for the purpose of this Act or any other law unless the prescribed information
in respect of such director has been furnished to the Registrar in accordance
with the provisions of paragraph (a).

(6) The provisions of subsection (5) shall not be construed as rendering the appointment of a
director referred to in that subsection subject to the approval of the Registrar.

Appointment of auditor

61.(1) Notwithstanding the provisions of Chapter X of the Companies Act -

(a) no person shall hold office as auditor of a bank unless his appointment as such an
auditor has been approved by the Registrar; and

(b) a bank of which the total assets as at the close of its last preceding financial year
exceeded R10 000 000 000 shall appoint not less than two auditors who are
independent of each other.

(2) A bank shall within 30 days of the appointment in accordance with the provisions of Chapter
X of the Companies Act of a person as auditor thereof apply to the Registrar on the prescribed form
for his approval of such appointment.

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(3) The Registrar may, without being required to furnish any reasons therefor -

(a) refuse an application under subsection (2) for his approval of the appointment of an
auditor; or

(b) withdraw any approval of the appointment of an auditor previously granted by the
Registrar under this section, and thereupon the auditor concerned shall vacate his
office.

(4) If the Registrar under paragraph (a) of subsection (3) refuses an application for his approval
of the appointment of an auditor or under paragraph (b) of that subsection withdraws an approval
previously granted by him, the board of directors of the bank concerned shall appoint another person
as auditor and the provisions of subsections (1) and (2) shall apply mutatis mutandis in respect of the
last-mentioned appointment.

(5) A person appointed under subsection (4) as auditor of a bank shall for the purposes of
Chapter X of the Companies Act be deemed to have been so appointed as auditor at the
immediately preceding annual general meeting of the bank.

Appointment of auditor by Registrar

62.(1) If a bank for any reason fails to appoint an auditor the Registrar may, notwithstanding the
provisions of section 269(4) and 271(1) of the Companies Act, make the necessary appointment.

(2) A person appointed under subsection (1) as auditor of a bank shall be deemed to have been
so appointed by that bank.

Functions of auditor in relation to Registrar

63.(1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the Public Accountants' and Auditors'
Act, 1991, (Act No. 80 of 1991), or the Companies Act, but subject to the provisions of subsections
(2) and (3) of this section, the auditor referred to in section 61 or 62 -

(a) shall, whenever he furnishes, in terms of section 20(5)(b) of the first-mentioned Act,
the Public Accountants' and Auditors' Board with copies of the report,
acknowledgement of receipt and reply and with the other particulars referred to in that
section, relating to an irregularity or suspected irregularity in the conduct of the affairs
of the bank for which he has been appointed as auditor, also furnish the Registrar
with such copies and particulars; and

(b) shall in writing inform the Registrar of any matter relating to the affairs of a bank -

(i) of which such auditor became aware in the performance of his functions as
auditor of that bank; and

(ii) which, in the opinion of such auditor, may endanger the bank's ability to
continue as a going concern or may impair the protection of the funds of the
bank's depositors or may be contrary to the principles of sound management
(including risk management) or amounts to inadequate maintenance of
internal controls; and

(c) shall, if requested by the Registrar to do so, furnish him with written information
relating to a matter referred to in paragraph (b), specified by the Registrar.

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(2) Whenever an auditor by virtue of the provisions of subsection (1)(b) or (c) furnishes the
Registrar with written information, he may at the same time furnish the chief executive officer of the
bank to which such information relates with a copy of the relevant document.

(3) The furnishing in good faith by an auditor of information in terms of subsection (1)(b) or (c)
shall in no circumstances be held to constitute a contravention of any provision of the law or a breach
of any provision of a code of professional conduct to which such auditor may be subject.

(4) Nothing in subsection (1) contained shall be construed as conferring upon any person any
right of action against an auditor which, but for the provisions of that subsection, he would not have
had.

Audit committee

64.(1) Subject to the provisions of subsection (3) and (4), the board of directors of a bank shall
appoint at least three of its members to form an audit committee.

(2) The functions of the audit committee shall be to -

(a) assist the board of directors in its evaluation of the adequacy and efficiency of the
internal control systems, accounting practices, information systems and auditing
processes applied within that bank in the day-to-day management of its business;

(b) facilitate and promote communication, regarding the matters referred to in paragraph
(a) or any other related matter, between the board of directors and the executive
officers of, the auditor appointed under section 61 or 62 for, and the employee
charged with the internal auditing of the transactions of, the bank; and

(c) introduce such measures as in the committee's opinion may serve to enhance the
credibility and objectivity of financial statements and reports prepared with reference
to the affairs of the bank.

(3) All of the members of the audit committee may be, and the majority of such members,
including the chairman of the audit committee, shall be, persons who are not employees of the bank
nor of any of its subsidiaries, its controlling company or any subsidiary of its controlling company:
Provided that the chairman of the board of directors of the bank shall not be appointed as a member
of the audit committee.

(4) The board of directors of a bank shall be exempt from the duty to appoint an audit committee
if such bank is a member of a group of companies in respect of which group annual financial
statements are required to be made out in terms of section 288(1) of the Companies Act, provided
an audit committee has been appointed for the holding company in that group and such audit
committee has assumed the responsibilities of an audit committee in respect of all the banks in that
group.

Forwarding of certain notices, reports, returns and financial statements to Registrar

65.(1) Whenever a bank or controlling company -

(a) forwards a notice of a meeting or of the declaration of a dividend or a report on its

activities during a financial year or part of such year to its shareholders;

(b) gives notice to the Registrar of Companies in terms of section 170(2) of the
Companies Act of any intended change in the situation of its registered office or of its
postal address;

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(c) forwards in terms of section 216(2) of the Companies Act a return referred to in that
section regarding its directors to the Registrar of Companies; or

(d) forwards in terms of section 302(4) of the Companies Act financial statements to the
Registrar of Companies,

it shall simultaneously forward a copy of such notice, report, return or statements to the Registrar.

(2) A bank or controlling company shall within 30 days after a general meeting of shareholders
forward to the Registrar a copy of the minutes to be kept in respect of such meeting in terms of
section 204 of the Companies Act.

Disclosure of issued share capital

66. If a bank publishes any statement or issues any document in which the amount of its
authorized share capital is mentioned, the amount of its issued share capital shall also be mentioned
in such statement or document.

Disclosure of names of certain shareholders

67. 67. If, in the case of an individual shareholder in a bank who holds more than 25 per cent of all
the issued shares in that bank to which voting rights are attached, the sum of the amounts of such
bank's investments with or loans or advances or other exposures to such individual shareholder
exceeds the total nominal value of the said shares so held by that individual shareholder, the bank
shall in its financial statements mention the name of such individual shareholder.

Special provisions relating to winding-up or judicial management of bank

68. (1) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 69 of this Act and anything to the contrary
contained in the Companies Act -

(a) the Registrar shall have the right to apply to a competent court for the winding-up of
any bank in terms of the Companies Act, and the Registrar shall have the right to
oppose any such application made by any other person;

(b) no person other than a person recommended by the Registrar shall be appointed by a
Master of the High Court as provisional liquidator or liquidator of a bank; and

(c) the Master shall appoint a person designated by the Registrar, who shall be a person
who in the opinion of the Registrar has wide experience of, and is knowledgeable
about the latest developments in, the banking industry, to assist a provisional
liquidator or liquidator referred to in paragraph (b) in the performance of his functions
in respect of the bank in question.

(1A) The appointment by the Master of a person in terms of subsection (1)(c) shall be by
means of a letter of appointment addressed by the Master to the person appointed and in which is
set out -

(a) the name of the bank in respect of which such person is appointed;

(b) directions in regard to the remuneration of the person appointed; and

(c) such other directions incidental to the matter as the Master or the Registrar may

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deem necessary,

and a copy of such letter of appointment shall be furnished by the Master to the provisional liquidator
or liquidator concerned.

(2) During the voluntary winding-up of any bank the liquidator shall furnish the Registrar with
such return or statement which the bank concerned would have been obliged to furnish to the
Registrar in terms of this Act, were such bank not being wound up, as the Registrar may require.

(3) In the application, in relation to the winding-up of a company which is a bank -

(a) of section 346 of the Companies Act, subsection (4) of that section shall be deemed
to have been amended to read as follows :

“(4)(a) Before an application for the winding-up of a company which is a bank is

presented to the Court, a copy of the application and of every affidavit confirming the
facts stated therein shall be lodged with the Registrar of Banks and with the Master,
or if there is no Master at the seat of the Court, with an officer in the public service
designated for that purpose by the Master by notice in the Gazette.

(b) The Registrar of Banks or the Master or any such officer may report to the
court any facts ascertained by him which appear to him to justify the Court in
postponing the hearing or dismissing the application, and shall transmit a copy
of that report to the applicant or his agent and to the said company.”

(b) of section 357 of the Companies Act, subsection (3) of that section shall be deemed
to have been amended to read as follows :

“(3) A copy of every special resolution for the voluntary winding-up of any
company which is a bank, passed under section 349, and of every order of
court amending or setting aside the proceedings in relation to the winding-up
shall, within fourteen days after the registration of the resolution in terms of
section 200 or the making of the order, be transmitted by that company to the
officers and registrars referred to in paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of subsection
(1), as well as to the Registrar of Banks.”

(4) Deleted in terms of section 9(c) of Act No. 36, 2000.

(5) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any law, the suspension, cancellation
or termination of the registration of a bank while such bank, as a result of an application brought by
the Registrar, is being wound up in terms of this section, shall not affect –

(a) any order or appointment made, direction issued or any other thing done under this
section or in terms of the Companies Act, in respect of such bank; or

(b) any power to be exercised, duty to be executed or right to be enforced in respect of

such bank by the Registrar, the Master of the High Court or the provisional liquidator
or liquidator, respectively, by virtue of the provisions of this section or the provisions of
the Companies Act,
and the Registrar, the Master of the High Court, the provisional liquidator or liquidator,
respectively, shall until the affairs of the public company of which the registration as a
bank has been so suspended, cancelled or terminated have been completely wound
up as contemplated in section 419(1) of the Companies Act or until the winding-up is
stayed or set aside by an order of a competent court continue to exercise their
respective powers and to perform their respective duties under this section or in terms

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of the Companies Act, in respect of the public company of which the registration as a
bank has been so suspended, cancelled or terminated, as if such suspension,
cancellation or termination had not taken place.

Appointment of curator to bank

69. (1)(a) If, in the opinion of the Registrar, any bank will be unable to repay, when legally
obliged to do so, deposits made with it or will probably be unable to meet any other of
its obligations, the Minister may, if he deems it desirable in the public interest, with the
written consent of the chief executive officer of the chairman of the board of directors
of that bank, appoint a curator to the bank.

(b) The Registrar may appoint a person other than a person who is in the employ of the
bank under curatorship, who in the opinion of the Registrar has wide experience of
and is knowledgeable about the specific field of activities in which the bank under
curatorship is predominantly engaged, to assist the curator in the management of the
affairs of the bank under curatorship.

(c) The person appointed in terms of paragraph (b) shall in respect of the services
rendered by him pursuant to his appointment be paid such remuneration out of the
funds of the bank under curatorship as the Registrar may after consultation with the
curator determine.

(2) The Minister shall appoint a curator by letter of appointment which shall set out -

(a) the name of the bank in respect of which the curator is appointed and the address of
its head office;

(b) directions in regard to the security which the curator has to furnish for the proper
performance of his duties;

(c) directions in regard to the remuneration of the curator; and

(d) such other directions as to the management of the bank concerned or any matter
incidental thereto, including directions in regard to the raising of money by that bank,
as the Minister may deem necessary.

(2A) On appointment of a curator-

(a) the management of the bank concerned shall vest in the curator, subject to the
supervision of the Registrar, and any other person vested with the management of
the affairs of that bank shall be divested thereof; and

(b) the curator shall recover and take possession of all the assets of the bank.

(2B) The curator shall-

(a) subject to the supervision of the Registrar, conduct the management contemplated in
subsection (2A)(a) in such a manner as the Registrar may deem to best promote the
interest of the creditors of the bank concerned and of the banking sector as a whole;

(b) comply with any direction of the Registrar;

(c) keep such accounting records and prepare such annual financial statements, interim
reports and provisional annual financial statements as the bank or its directors would

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have been obliged to keep or prepare if the bank had not been placed under
curatorship;

(d) convene the annual general meeting and any other meeting of members of the bank
provided for the Companies Act and, in that regard, comply with all the requirements
with which the directors of the bank would in terms of the Companies Act have been
obliged to comply if the bank had not been placed under curatorship; and

(e) have the power to bring or defend in the name and on behalf of the bank any action
or other legal proceedings of a civil nature and, subject to the provisions of any law
relating to criminal proceedings, any criminal proceedings.

(2C) (a) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (3), the curator may dispose of any of
the bank’s assets in the ordinary course of the bank’s business.

(b) Except in the circumstances contemplated in paragraph (a) the curator may not,
notwithstanding the provisions of section 228 of the Companies Act-

(i) dispose of any of the bank’s assets otherwise than in accordance with the
provisions of section 54;

(ii) effect a disposal referred to in subparagraph (i) unless a reasonable

probability exists that such disposal will enable the bank to pay its debt or
meet its obligations and become a successful concern.

(2D) If at any time the curator is of the opinion that there is no reasonable probability that the
continuation of the curatorship will enable the bank to pay its debts or meet its obligations and
become a successful concern, he shall forthwith in writing inform the Registrar of such opinion.

(2E) Any money of the bank that becomes available to the curator shall be applied by him in
paying the costs of the curatorship and in the conduct of the bank’s business in accordance with the
requirements of the curatorship and, as far as the circumstances permit, in the payment of the claims
of creditors which arose before the date of the curatorship.

(2F) (a) Every disposition of its property, which if made by an individual could for any reason
be set aside in the event of such individual’s insolvency, may, if made by a bank that is unable to pay
its debts, be set aside by a court at the suit of the curator in the event of that bank being placed
under curatorship, and the provisions of the law relating to insolvency, shall mutatis mutandis apply in
respect of such disposition.

(b)For the purpose of this subsection the event which shall be deemed to correspond with a
sequestration order under the Insolvency Act, 1936 (Act No. 24 of 1936), in the case of an insolvent,
shall be the presentation to the Court of the letter of appointment of the curator.

(2G) The period during which any bank that is a mortgage debtor in respect of any mortgage bond
is subject to curatorship in terms of this section shall be excluded in the calculation of any period of
time for the purpose of determining whether such mortgage bond confers any preference in terms of
section 88 of the Insolvency Act, 1936, as applied to the winding-up of banks in terms of this Act.

(3) The Minister may, in the letter of appointment or at any time subsequent thereto, empower
the curator in his discretion, but subject to any condition which the Minister may impose -
(a) to suspend or reduce, as from the date of his appointment as curator or any
subsequent date, the right of creditors of the bank concerned to claim or receive
interest on any money owing to them by that bank;

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(b) to make payments, whether in respect of capital or interest, to any creditor or

creditors of the bank concerned at such time, in such order and in such manner as he
may deem fit;

(c) to cancel any agreement between the bank concerned and any other party to
advance moneys due after the date of his appointment as curator, or to cancel any
agreement to extend any existing facility, if, in the opinion of the curator such advance
or any loan under such facility would not be adequately secured or would not be
repayable on terms satisfactory to the curator or if the bank lacks the necessary funds
to meet its obligations under any such agreement or if it would not otherwise be in the
interests of the bank;

(d) to convene from time to time, in such manner as he may deem fit, a meeting of
creditors of the bank concerned for the purpose of establishing the nature and extent
of the bank's indebtedness to such creditors and for consultation with such creditors
in so far as their interests may be affected by decisions taken by the curator in the
course of the management of the affairs of the bank concerned;

(e) to negotiate with any individual creditor of the bank concerned with a view to the final
settlement of the affairs of such creditor with the bank;

(f) to make and carry out, in the course of his management of the bank concerned, any
decision which in terms of the provisions of the Companies Act would have been
required to be made by way of a special resolution contemplated in section 199 of the
said Act;

(g) to cancel any lease of movable or immovable property entered into by the bank
concerned prior to its being placed under curatorship : Provided that, notwithstanding
the provisions of subsection (6), a claim for damages in respect of such cancellation
may be instituted against the bank after the expiration of a period of one year as from
the date of such cancellation;

(h) of subsection (3) deleted in terms of section 10(c) of Act No. 36, 2000.

(i) to cancel any guarantee issued by the bank concerned prior to its being placed under
curatorship, excluding such guarantee which the bank is required to make good within
a period of 30 days as from the date of the appointment of the curator : Provided that,
notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (6), a claim for damages in respect of
any loss sustained by or damage caused to any person as a result of the cancellation
of a guarantee in terms of this paragraph, may be instituted against the bank after the
expiration of a period of one year as from the date of such cancellation.

(3A) The curator shall duly record the nature of and the reasons for each act performed by him
under any power conferred upon him in terms of subsection (3), and such records shall be examined
as part of the normal audit performed in respect of the affairs of the bank concerned.

(4) The Minister may, at any time and in any manner, amend the directions in the letter of
appointment, and the powers granted by him under subsection (3) to the curator.

(5) deleted in terms of section 10(e) of Act No. 36, 2000.

(6) While such bank is under curatorship -

(a) all actions, legal proceedings, the execution of all writs, summonses and other legal
process against that bank shall be stayed and not be instituted or proceeded with

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without the leave of the court; and

(b) deleted;

(6A) While a bank is under curatorship the curator shall on a monthly basis furnish the Registrar
with a written report containing an exposition of the affairs of the bank concerned and in which it is
stated whether or not, in the opinion of the curator, a reasonable probability exists that the bank will
be able to pay its debts or to meet its obligations and to become a successful concern; and

(6B) Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained in this Act, sections 35A, 35B and 46
of the Insolvency Act, 1936 (Act No. 24 of 1936), shall mutatis mutandis apply to the curator of any
bank under curatorship and to such a bank as if the curator were a trustee of an insolvent estate and
the bank were an insolvent or a sequestrated estate as contemplated in those sections;

(7) The Registrar shall as soon as is practicable announce the appointment of a curator and the
powers granted to him on his appointment, and any amendment or withdrawal of such powers, by
notice in the Gazette.

(8) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any law, the suspension, cancellation
or termination of the registration of a bank while such bank is under curatorship in terms of this
section shall not affect -

(a) any appointment made, direction issued, or any other thing done under this section in
respect of such bank; or
(b) any power to be exercised or duty to be executed in respect of that bank under
curatorship by the Minister, the Registrar or the curator, by virtue of the provisions of
this section,

and the Minister, the Registrar and the curator, respectively, shall until such time as the curatorship is
terminated continue to exercise their respective powers and to execute their respective duties under
this section in respect of the public company of which the registration as a bank has been so
suspended, cancelled or terminated, as if such suspension, cancellation or termination had not taken
place.

(9) The Minister may-

(a) at any time withdraw the appointment of a curator;

(b) upon application by the Registrar withdraw the appointment of a curator.

(10) Curatorship of a bank shall lapse upon-

(a) the issue by the Minister of written notification to that effect to the curator; or
(b) the winding-up of the bank in terms of the provisions of section 68.

Investigation of affairs of bank under curatorship

69A. (1) While a bank is under curatorship, the Registrar may appoint a person to be a
commissioner for the purpose of investigating the business, trade, dealings, affairs or assets and
liabilities of that bank or of its associate or associates.

(2) The Registrar may appoint a person as an assistant or two or more persons as assistants to
the commissioner referred to in subsection (1) in order to assist the commissioner, subject to his
control and directions, in an investigation contemplated in subsection (1).

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(3) Before the Registrar appoints a commissioner in terms of subsection (1) or a person or
persons in terms of subsection (2), he shall take all reasonable steps to ensure that the person or
persons he appoints will be able to report objectively and impartially on the affairs of the bank
concerned or the associate or associates of such bank.

(4) A commissioner appointed under subsection (1) and any person or persons appointed under
subsection (2) shall for the purpose of their functions in terms of this section have powers and duties
in all respects corresponding to the powers and duties conferred or imposed by section 4(1), (2), (3),
(4) and (6) of the Inspection of Financial Institutions Act, 1984 (Act No. 38 of 1984 - hereinafter in this
section referred to as the Inspection Act), upon a registrar or an inspector contemplated in the
Inspection Act : Provided that for the purposes of this section -

(a) any reference to a “financial institution” in section 4 of the Inspection Act shall be
deemed to be a reference to a bank under curatorship or any of its associates; and

(b) any reference to “the registrar” and “an inspector” in section 4 of the Inspection Act
shall be deemed to be a reference to the commissioner and any person appointed
under subsection (2), respectively.

(5) In the application, in relation to an investigation under this section, of section 4 of the
Inspection Act, subsection (2) of that section shall be deemed to have been amended to read
as follows :

“(2)(a) In carrying out an investigation into the business, trade, dealings, affairs or assets and
liabilities of a bank under curatorship, a commissioner may examine under oath, in relation to
such bank or any of its associates, any person who is or formerly was a director, auditor,
attorney, valuator, agent, servant, employee, member, debtor, creditor or shareholder of that
bank or any of its associates, or any person whom the commissioner deems capable of
giving information concerning the business, trade, dealings, affairs or assets and liabilities of
that bank or such associate, and the commissioner may administer an oath or affirmation to
that person for the purpose of such an examination : Provided that the person examined,
whether under oath or not, may have his legal adviser present at the examination.

(b) Unless directed otherwise by the commissioner, the proceedings under paragraph (a)
shall be held in camera and not be accessible to the public.”

(6) (a) Any person examined by a commissioner under this section shall not be entitled, at
such examination, to refuse to answer any question upon the ground that the answer
would tend to incriminate him or upon the ground that he is to be tried on a criminal
charge and may be prejudiced at such trial by his answer.

(b) Where any person gives evidence in terms of the provisions of this section and is
obliged to answer questions that may incriminate him or, where he is to be tried on a
criminal charge, may prejudice him at such trial, the commissioner shall direct, in
respect of such part of the proceedings, that no information regarding such questions
and answers may be published in any manner whatsoever.

(c) No evidence regarding any questions and answers contemplated in paragraph (b),
and no evidence regarding any fact or information that has come to light in
consequence of any such questions or answers, shall be admissible in any criminal
proceedings, except in criminal proceedings where the person concerned is charged
with an offence in terms of subsection (14).

(7) In addition to the powers conferred upon the commissioner by subsection (4) the
commissioner shall for the purpose of the performance of his functions under this section have the

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power to summon before him any such person as he may examine in terms of the provisions of
subsection (5).

(8) If any person who has been duly summoned under subsection (7), and to whom a
reasonable sum for his expenses has been tendered, fails to attend before a commissioner at the
time and place appointed by the summons without lawful excuse made to the commissioner at the
time of the sitting, the commissioner may cause the person so summoned to be apprehended and
brought before him for examination.

(9) Any person duly summoned under subsection (7) shall be entitled to such witness fees as he
would have been entitled to if he were a witness in civil proceedings in a magistrate's court.

(10) The Registrar shall be liable for payment of the costs and expenses incidental to an
investigation held in accordance with the provisions of this section, unless the Registrar directs that
the whole or any part of such costs and expenses shall be paid out of the assets of the bank
concerned.

(11) A commissioner shall within a period of five months as from the date of his appointment
complete his investigation in terms of section (1) and shall within a period of 30 days after completion
of such investigation prepare a written report thereon, in which, inter alia, shall be stated whether or
not, in the opinion of the commissioner -

(a) it is in the interest of the depositors or other creditors of the bank concerned that the
bank remains under curatorship;

(b) it is in the interest of the depositors or other creditors of the bank concerned that the
Registrar, in terms of the provisions of section 68(1)(a), applies to a competent court
for -

(i) the winding-up of the bank concerned;

(ii) deleted in terms of section 11 of Act No. 36, 2000.

(c) it appears that any business of such bank was carried on recklessly or negligently or
with the intent to defraud depositors or other creditors of the bank concerned or any
other person, or for any other fraudulent purpose; and

(d) should it appear that any business of such bank was carried on in the manner
contemplated in paragraph (c), whether or not any person identified by the
commissioner was a party to the carrying on of the business of that bank in such
manner.

(12) A report by a commissioner completed in accordance with the provisions of this section shall
be forwarded to -

(a) the Registrar;

(b) the Minister; and

(c) in the event of a finding contemplated in subsection (11)(c) and (d), the attorney-
general concerned.
(13) Any examination or any report by a commissioner under this section shall be private and
confidential unless the Registrar, after consultation with the Minister, either generally or in respect of
any part of such examination or such report, directs otherwise.

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(14) Any person who -

(a) has been duly summoned under this section by a commissioner and who fails, without
sufficient cause, to attend at the time and place specified in the summons; or

(b) has been duly summoned under this section by a commissioner and who -

(i) fails, without sufficient cause, to remain in attendance until excused by the
commissioner from further attendance;

(ii) refuses to be sworn or to affirm as a witness; or

(iii) fails, without sufficient cause -

(aa) to answer fully and satisfactorily any questions lawfully put to him by a
commissioner, notwithstanding that such answer may tend to
incriminate him; or

(bb) to produce books or papers in his custody or under his control which a
commissioner has required him to produce;

(c) wilfully furnishes the commissioner with any false information;

(d) refuses or fails to comply to the best of his ability with any reasonable request made
to him by the commissioner in the exercise of his powers or the performance of his
duties; or

(e) wilfully hinders the commissioner in the exercise of his powers or the performance of
his duties,

and any person who fails to comply with any provision of a direction by the commissioner or the
Registrar as contemplated in this section shall be guilty of an offence.

(15) The Registrar shall as soon as is practicable after the appointment of a commissioner or any
person or persons in terms of subsection (2), by notice in the Gazette, announce such appointment.

(16) The provisions of section 69(8) shall mutatis mutandis apply in respect of a bank under
curatorship of which the registration as a bank is suspended, cancelled or terminated while an
investigation under this section in respect thereof is in progress.

(17) For the purposes of subsection (16), the reference in section 69(8) to the Minister and the
curator, respectively, shall be deemed to be a reference to a commissioner and any person
appointed in terms of subsection (2), respectively.

(18) For the purposes of this section “associate” means an associate as defined in section 37(7).

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 CHAPTER VI

PRUDENTIAL REQUIREMENTS

Minimum share capital and unimpaired reserve funds

70.(1) For the purposes of this Act -

“allocated capital and reserve funds” means such amount of qualifying capital and reserve
funds as may be approved and assigned by the board of directors of a bank as capital and
reserve funds designated to provide for the risks pertaining to the particular nature of such
bank’s business as contemplated in subsection (2), (2A) or (2B), as the case may be;

“primary share capital” means capital obtained through the issue of ordinary shares or non-
redeemable non-cumulative preference shares, excluding such ordinary or non-redeemable
non-cumulative preference shares issued in pursuance of the capitalization of reserves
resulting from a revaluation of assets;

“primary unimpaired reserve funds” means funds obtained from actual earnings or by way of
recoveries, premiums on the issue of ordinary or non-redeemable non-cumulative preference
shares or a surplus on the realization of capital assets, and which have been set aside as a
general or special reserve, are disclosed as such a reserve in the financial statements of the
bank concerned and are available for the purpose of meeting liabilities of or losses suffered
by the bank, but does not include any fund required to be maintained in terms of any other
law;

“qualifying capital and reserve funds” means the net sum of capital and reserve funds
required to be held by a bank, calculated and determined in accordance with the provisions of
subsection (2), (2A) or (2B), as the case may be having regard to the nature of such bank’s
business;

“secondary share capital” means a prescribed percentage of capital obtained through the
issue, with the prior written approval of the Registrar and in accordance with conditions
approved by the Registrar in writing and such further conditions, if any, as may be prescribed,
of -

(a) cumulative preference shares;

(b) ordinary shares, or preference shares other than cumulative preference shares,
issued in pursuance of the capitalization of reserves resulting from a revaluation of
assets; and

(c) prescribed categories of debt instruments;

“secondary unimpaired reserve funds” means -

(a) such funds, obtained from actual earnings or by way of recoveries, as may be
prescribed and which have been set aside but which are not disclosed as a general or
special reserve in the financial statements of the bank concerned;

(b) a prescribed percentage of the amount of any surplus resulting from the revaluation of
assets and determined as prescribed;

(c) general provisions held against unidentified and unforeseen losses; and
 64

(d) funds obtained by way of premiums on the issue of cumulative preference shares or
debt instruments issued in accordance with the prescribed conditions, whether or not
such funds are disclosed as a general or special reserve in the financial statements of
the bank concerned, but does not include any fund required to be maintained in terms
of any other law.

(2)(a) A bank of which the business does not include trading in financial instruments shall manage
its affairs in such a way that, subject to the provisions of paragraph (b), the sum of its primary and
secondary capital and its primary and secondary unimpaired reserve funds in the Republic does not
at any time amount to less than the greater of -

(i) R250 000 000 or, in the case of such a bank which immediately prior to the date of
commencement of this Act was registered as a banking institution or a building
society under a law repealed by this Act, R1 000 000; or

(ii) an amount which represents a prescribed percentage of the sum of amounts

calculated by multiplying the average of the amounts (as shown in the returns
furnished to the Registrar in terms of section 75(1)(a)(ii) of such different categories
of-

(aa) assets; and

(bb) other risk exposures in the conduct of its business,

as may be prescribed in the Regulations relating to Banks, by the risk weights, expressed as
percentages, so prescribed in respect of such different categories of assets and other risk
exposures.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a)-

(i) the sum of the bank’s primary share capital and primary unimpaired reserve funds
shall, in the calculation of the aggregate amount which the bank is in terms of
paragraph (a) required to maintain, be calculated by deducting from the amount
thereof such amounts as may be prescribed; and
(ii) the sum of the bank’s secondary capital and secondary unimpaired reserve funds
shall, in the calculation of the aggregate amount which the bank is in terms of
paragraph (a) require to maintain, be-

(aa) calculated by deducting from the amount thereof such amounts as may be
prescribed; and
(bb) taken into account to an amount not exceeding the sum of the bank’s
allocated and qualifying primary share capital and allocated and qualifying
primary unimpaired reserve funds.

(2A)(a) A bank of which the business consists solely of trading in financial instruments shall manage
its affairs in such a way that, subject to the provisions of paragraph (b), the sum of its primary and
secondary capital, its primary and secondary unimpaired reserve funds and its tertiary capital in the
Republic does not at any time amount to less than the greater of –

(i) R250 000 000; or

(ii) An amount which represents the sum of amounts prescribed in the Regulations
relating to Banks’ Financial Instrument Trading in respect of such a bank’s risk
exposures in the conduct of its business as may be so prescribed.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a) -

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(i) the sum of the bank’s primary share capital and primary unimpaired reserve funds
shall, in the calculation of the aggregate amount which the bank is in terms of
paragraph (a) required to maintain, be calculated by deducting from the amount
thereof such amounts as may be prescribed;

(ii) the sum of the bank’s secondary capital and secondary unimpaired reserve funds
shall, in the calculation of the aggregate amount which the bank is in terms of
paragraph (a) required to maintain, be

(aa) calculated by deducting from the amount thereof such amounts as may be
prescribed; and

(bb) taken into account to an amount not exceeding the sum of the bank’s
allocated and qualifying primary share capital and allocated and qualifying
primary unimpaired reserve funds;

(iii) the sum of the bank’s tertiary capital shall, in the calculation of the aggregate amount
which the bank is in terms of paragraph (a) required to maintain, be calculated a
prescribed; and

(iv) the total amount of allocated and qualifying secondary unimpaired reserve funds and
tertiary capital shall be determined as prescribed in the Regulations relating to Banks’
Financial Instrument Trading.

(2B) (a) A bank of which the business includes trading in financial instruments shall manage its
affairs in such a way that, subject to the provisions of paragraph (b), the sum of its primary and
secondary capital, its primary and secondary unimpaired reserve funds and its tertiary capital in the
Republic does not at any time amount to less than the greater of –

(i) R250 000 000; or

(ii) An amount which represents the sum of –

(aa) a prescribed percentage of the sum of amounts calculated by multiplying the

average of the amounts (as shown in the returns furnished to the Registrar in
terms of section 75(1)(a)(ii), of such different categories of-

(A) assets; and

(B) other risk exposures in the conduct of its business, as may be

prescribed in the Regulations relating to Banks, by the risk weights,
expressed as percentages, so prescribed in respect of such different
categories of assets and other risk exposures; and

(bb) an amount which represents the sum of amounts prescribed in the

Regulations relating to Banks’ Financial Instrument Trading in respect of such
of the bank’s risk exposures in the conduct of its business of trading in
financial instruments as may be so prescribed.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a)-

(i) the sum of the bank’s primary share capital and primary unimpaired reserve funds
shall, in the calculation of the aggregate amount which the bank is in terms of
paragraph (a) required to maintain, be calculated by deducting from the amount
thereof such amounts as may be prescribed;

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(ii) the sum of the bank’s secondary capital and secondary unimpaired reserve funds
shall, in the calculation of the aggregate amount which the bank is in terms of
paragraph (a) required to maintain, be-

(aa) calculated by deducting from the amount thereof such amounts as may be
prescribed; and
(bb) taken into account to an amount not exceeding the sum of the bank’s
allocated and qualifying primary share capital and allocated and qualifying
primary unimpaired reserve funds;

(iii) the sum of the bank’s tertiary capital shall, in the calculation of the aggregate amount
which the bank is in terms of paragraph (a) required to maintain, be calculated as
prescribed; and

(iv) the total amount of allocated and qualifying secondary capital, allocated and
qualifying secondary unimpaired reserve funds and tertiary capital shall be
determined as prescribed in the Regulations relating to Banks’ Financial Instrument
Trading.

(3) Deleted

(4) Deleted.

(5) Deleted.

(6) Deleted.

(7) Deleted.

70A. (1) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 70(2), (2A) and (2B), a controlling company
shall manage its affairs in such a way that, subject to the provisions of subsection (2), the sum of the
capital and reserve funds of the banking group structured under such controlling company does not
at any time amount to less than the sum of the amounts of the required capital and reserve funds
determined, in respect of the respective entities constituting such banking group, in accordance with
the rules and regulations of the respective regulators responsible for the supervision of those entities,
plus such amount as may be prescribed by the Registrar in respect of entities that are included in
such banking group but are not subject to the supervision of a regulator.

(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (1), the sum of the banking group’s capital and
reserve funds shall, in the calculation of the aggregate amount that the banking group is in terms of
subsection (1) required to maintain, be calculated by deducting from the amount thereof such
amounts as may be prescribed.

Minimum reserve balance

71. Repealed.

Minimum liquid assets

72. (1) A bank shall hold in the Republic liquid assets to a value which does not amount to less than
the sum of amounts, calculated as prescribed percentages, but which in no instance may exceed 20
per cent, of such different categories of its liabilities as may be specified by regulation with reference
to the time when such liabilities fall due or with reference to any other aspect pertaining to such
liabilities.

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(2) The amounts of the liquid assets and of the liabilities referred to in subsection (1) shall be
calculated in such manner and be determined at such times as may be prescribed.

(3) A bank shall not pledge or otherwise encumber any portion of the liquid assets held by it in
compliance with the provisions of subsection (1): Provided that the Registrar may, exempt a bank
from the prohibition contained in this subsection on such conditions and to such an extent and for
such a period as he may determine.

(4) For the purposes of this section securities which constitute ‘liquid assets’ as defined in
section 1 shall be valued as prescribed.

Large exposures

73. (1) A bank, controlling company, branch or branch of a bank-

(a) shall not make investments with or grant loans or advances or other credit to any
person, to an aggregate amount exceeding 10 per cent of such amount of its capital
and reserves as may be prescribed, without first having obtained the permission of its
board of directors, or of a committee appointed for such purpose (for the composition
of which committee the prior written approval of the Registrar has to be obtained), to
make such investments or to grant such loans, advances or other credit; and

(b) shall in the event of the aggregate amount of investments, loans advances and other
credit contemplated in paragraph (a) exceeding 800 per cent of such an amount of its
capital and reserves as may be prescribed, be subject to such additional capital
requirements as may be prescribed.

(2) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Act, a bank, controlling company,
branch or branch of a bank –

(a) shall not without the prior written approval of the Registrar make an investment with or
grant a loan, advance or other credit to any private sector non-bank person, which
transaction, either alone or together with any previous transaction or transactions
entered into by it with that private sector non-bank person, results in the bank,
controlling company, branch or branch of a bank being exposed to that private sector
non-bank person to an amount exceeding 25 per cent of a prescribed amount;

(b) shall in such manner and on such a form as may be prescribed report to the Registrar
whenever it makes an investment with or grants a loan or advance or other credit to
any person other than a private sector non-bank person, which transaction, either
alone or together with any previous transaction or transactions entered into by it with
that other person, result in the bank, controlling company, branch or branch of a bank
being exposed to that other person up to an amount exceeding 25 per cent of a
prescribed amount; and

(c) shall, in the event of the Registrar granting such written approval as contemplated in
paragraph (a), be subject to such additional capital requirements as may be
prescribed.

(3) For the purposes of this section -

(a) “person” includes -

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(i) two or more persons, whether natural or juristic persons, the respective
exposures to whom constitute a single exposure because of the fact that one
of them directly or indirectly exercises control over the other or others; and

(ii) two or more persons, whether natural or juristic persons, between whom there
exists no relationship of control as contemplated in subparagraph (i), but the
respective exposures to whom are to be regarded as a single exposure
because of the fact that they are so interconnected that should one of them
experience financial difficulties, another one or all of them would be likely to
experience a lack of liquidity; and

(b) “private sector non-bank person” means a person as defined in paragraph (a)
but does not include-

(i) the central government or other public sector bodies;

(ii) a bank;
(iii) a mutual bank;
(iv) a branch of a bank;
(v) a branch;
(vi) a foreign institution that, under an authorisation referred to in section 18A,
conducts the business of a bank by means of a branch in the Republic;
(vii) a controlling company; or
(viii) any other person designated by the Registrar.

Failure or inability to comply with prudential requirements

74. (1) If a bank fails to comply with a provision of section 70 or 72, or is unable to comply with any
such provision, it shall forthwith in writing report its failure or inability to the Registrar, stating the
reasons for such failure or inability.

(2) The Registrar may summarily take action under this Act against a bank referred to in
subsection (1) or, if in the circumstances he deems it fit to do so, condone the failure or inability and
afford the bank concerned an opportunity, subject to such conditions as the Registrar may
determine, to comply with the relevant provision within a specified period.

(3) Irrespective of whether criminal proceedings in terms of this Act have been or may be
instituted against a bank in respect of any failure or inability referred to in subsection (1), the
Registrar may, subject to any condonation granted under section (2), by way of a written notice
impose upon that bank, in respect of such failure or inability, a fine -

(a) in the case of any failure or inability to comply with the provisions of section 70, not
exceeding one-tenth of one per cent of the amount of the shortfall for each day on
which such failure or inability continues; or

(b) in the case of any failure or inability to comply with the provisions of section 72, not
exceeding three per cent of the amount of the shortfall.

(4) A fine imposed under subsection (3) shall be paid to the Registrar within such period as may
be specified in the relevant notice, and if the bank concerned fails to pay the fine within the specified
period the Registrar may by way of civil action in a competent court recover from that bank the
amount of the fine or any portion thereof which he may in the circumstances consider justified.

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Returns

75. (1) A bank shall, in order to enable the Registrar to determine -

(a) whether the bank is complying with the provisions of -

(i) sections 70 and 72; or

(ii) section 10A of the South African Reserve Bank Act, 1989 (Act No. 90 of
1989); or

(b) the nature and amounts of the bank's assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities,

furnish the Registrar, subject to the provisions of subsection (3A), with returns.

(2) Deleted.

(3) A bank shall, in addition to the returns referred to in subsection (1), furnish the Registrar,
subject to the provisions of subsection (3A), with the prescribed returns, including returns relating to
the extent and management of risk exposures in the conduct of its business.

(3A) The returns referred to in subsections (1) and (3) shall be prepared in conformity with
generally accepted accounting practice and shall be furnished to the Registrar in respect of such
period, at such times and on such a form as may be prescribed.

(4) The regulations contemplated in subsection (3) and (3A) may also -

(a) prescribe that a bank which carries on the business of a bank through the medium of
a subsidiary, branch office, agency or other undertaking outside the Republic, shall
incorporate in the returns which it is required to furnish in terms of subsections (1) and
(3) the required information in respect of such business, and also that such
information shall be furnished separately by the bank on a form so prescribed; and

(b) prescribe that in the case of a group of banks the holding company in such group
shall, in addition to the returns furnished in terms of subsection (1) and (3) by each
bank in the group, furnish the Registrar by means of a consolidated return, on a form
prescribed, relating to -

(i) all the banks in that group;

(ii) all the subsidiaries of such banks;

(iii) the controlling company of such banks and all other subsidiaries of such
controlling company;

(iv) any juristic person which would have been a subsidiary of any one of such
banks or of such controlling company had such juristic person been a
company;

(v) any juristic person of which the board of directors, or, in the case where such
juristic person is not a company, of which the governing body, is accustomed
to act in accordance with the directions or instructions of any one of such
banks or of such controlling company; or

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(vi) any trust controlled directly or indirectly by any one of such banks or by such
controlling company,

as well as to any business, if any, referred to in paragraph (a), with the information
required to be furnished in such first-mentioned returns, or with such other information
as the Registrar may require.

(5) A bank shall furnish the Registrar, in respect of those of the respective returns referred to in
subsections (1) and (3) which most nearly coincide with the end of the financial year of the bank, with
a report by the auditor of the bank in which is stated whether or not those returns fairly and in
conformity with generally accepted accounting practice present those affairs of the bank to which the
returns relate, and the Registrar may, if he deems it necessary, require the bank so to furnish him
with such a report in respect of any other of those returns furnished during the financial year.

(6) A bank shall, at such times as may be prescribed, furnish the Registrar with such further
prescribed information as the Registrar may require.

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 CHAPTER VII

PROVISIONS RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CONDUCT OF THE BUSINESS

OF A BANK

Restriction on investments in immovable property and shares, and on loans and advances to
certain subsidiaries

76. (1) Subject to the provisions of subsection (2), a bank which invests money in immovable
property or in shares, or which lends or advances money to any of its subsidiaries of which the main
object is the acquisition and holding or development of immovable property, shall manage its
transactions in such investments, loans or advances in such a way that the sum of the amounts -

(a) invested by it in immovable property, taken at the book value thereof;

(b) invested by it in shares (excluding preference shares which are not convertible into
ordinary shares), taken at the price at which they were acquired; and

(c) owing to it by any such subsidiary in respect of a loan or an advance granted by it,

does not at any time exceed a prescribed amount.

(2) A bank may with the written approval of the Minister and subject to such conditions as he
may determine, make investments and grant loans and advances, referred to in subsection (1), to an
aggregate amount which exceeds the sum to which it is limited in terms of subsection (1).

Restriction on investments with, and loans and advances to, certain associates

77. (1) A bank which invests money in debentures, or preference shares of any of its associates
(excluding any such associate which is a subsidiary referred to in section 76(1), a bank or a mutual
building society), or which lends or advances money to any such associate, or which provides
guarantees in respect of liabilities of such associates, shall manage its transactions in such
investments, loans, advances or guarantees in such a way that the sum of the amounts -

(a) invested by it in debentures or preference shares of such associates (excluding

debentures or preference shares which are convertible into ordinary shares), taken at
the price at which they were acquired;

(b) owing to it by such associates in respect of loans or advances granted by it; and

(c) of such guarantees,

does not at any time exceed ten per cent of its liabilities, excluding its liabilities in respect of capital
and reserves.

(2) The sum of the amounts referred to in paragraph (a), (b) and (c) of subsection (1) shall be
calculated for the purposes of that subsection by deducting therefrom the amount by which the sum
of the issued primary share capital and primary unimpaired reserve funds, referred to in section
76(1), of the bank exceeds the sum of the amounts referred to in paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of
section 76(1).

(3) For the purposes of this section “associate” means an associate as defined in section 37(7).
 72

Undesirable practices

78. (1) A bank -

(a) shall not hold shares in any company of which such bank is a subsidiary;

(b) shall not lend money to any person against security of its own shares;

(c) shall not, for the purpose of furthering the sale of its own shares, grant unsecured
loans or loans against security which in the opinion of the Registrar is inadequate;

(d) shall hold all its assets in its own name, excluding any asset -

(i) bona fide hypothecated to secure an actual or potential liability;

(ii) in respect of which the Registrar has, on application of the bank concerned,
approved in writing that such asset may be held in the name of another
person; or

(iii) falling within a category of assets designated by the Registrar by notice in the
Gazette as a category of assets which may be held in the name of another
person;

(e) shall not show in its financial statements or in any return referred to in section 75(1)(b)
as an asset any amount representing the cost of organization or extension or the
purchase of a business or a loss (including a loss originating from the sale of an
asset) or bad debts;

(f) shall not before provision has been made out of profits for the items referred to in
paragraph (e) -

(i) open any branch or agency or any further branch or agency; or

(ii) pay out dividends on its shares;

(g) shall not, for the purpose of effecting a money lending transaction directly between a
lender and a borrower, perform any act in the capacity of an agent except where the
funds to be lent in terms of the money lending transaction are entrusted by the lender
to the bank subject to a written contract of agency in which, in addition to any other
terms thereof, at least the following matters shall be recorded :

(i) Confirmation by the lender that the bank acts as his agent;

(ii) that the lender assumes, except in so far as he may in law have a right of
recovery against the bank, all risks connected with the placing by the bank of
the funds entrusted to it by the lender, as well as the responsibility to ensure
that the bank executes the lender's instructions as recorded in the written
contract of agency; and

(iii) that no express or implied guarantee regarding the payment of any amount of
money owing by one person to another in pursuance of the relevant money
lending transaction is furnished by the bank;

(h) shall not in its accounting records record any asset at a value increased by the
amount of a loss incurred upon the realization of another asset;

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(i) shall not conclude a repurchase agreement in respect of a fictitious asset or an asset
created by means of a simulated transaction; and

(j) shall not purport to have concluded a repurchase agreement without -

(i) such agreement being substantiated by a written document signed by the

other party thereto; and

(ii) the details of such agreement being recorded in the accounts of the bank as
well as in the accounts, if any, kept by the bank in the name of such other
party.

(2) The Registrar may -

(a) in writing notify a bank that a practice employed by that bank and specified in the
notice constitutes and undesirable practice for that bank; or

(b) by notice in the Gazette declare a practice specified in that notice to be an

undesirable practice for banks specified in that notice or for all banks,

and a bank which, after the expiry of a period of 21 days as from the date of a notice received by it
by virtue of paragraph (a) or applicable to it in terms of paragraph (b), employs a practice which
constitutes an undesirable practice for it by virtue of such a notice, shall be guilty of an offence.

(3) A bank shall, upon receipt from the Registrar of a written request to that effect, discontinue
the publication or issue of any advertisement, brochure, prospectus or similar document, specified in
the request, which contains information which is not a correct statement of fact, or the publication or
issue of which is, in the opinion of the Registrar, not in the public interest.

Shares, debentures, negotiable certificates of deposit and share warrants

79. (1) A bank shall not -

(a) sections 74 and 75 of the Companies Act notwithstanding, issue shares of no par
value or convert any of its shares into shares of no par value;

(b) without the written approval of the Registrar or otherwise than in accordance with
conditions approved by the Registrar in writing -

(i) issue any preference shares or debt instruments;

(ii) convert any of its shares into preference shares or debt instruments; or

(iii) convert any of its preference shares of a particular class into preference
shares of any other class;

(c) issue negotiable certificates of deposit otherwise than in accordance with such
conditions as may be prescribed; or

(d) section 101 of the Companies Act notwithstanding, issue share warrants to bearer
within the meaning of that section.

(2) The aggregate amount representing the value of debt instruments and negotiable certificates
of deposit issued by a bank in terms of paragraphs (b)(i) and (c), respectively, of subsection (1) shall
at no time exceed an amount representing the prescribed percentage of the aggregate amount of

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the bank's liabilities in respect of deposits made with it and in respect of such debt instruments and
negotiable certificates of deposit.

(3) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any contract or in the memorandum of
association or articles of association of any bank or controlling company, there shall be no
differentiation in the voting rights attached to any of the ordinary shares of a bank or a controlling
company, and such voting rights shall be exercised in accordance with the determination thereof as
provided in section 195(1) of the Companies Act.

(4) The provisions of subsection (1)(a) shall mutatis mutandis apply to a controlling company.

Limitation on certain activities of banks

80. (1) Deleted.

(2) Deleted.

(3) No bank and no associate of a bank shall, without the prior written approval of the Registrar,
either jointly or individually acquire or hold shares in any registered insurer as defined in section 1 of
the Insurance Act, 1943 (Act No. 27 of 1943), to the extent to which the nominal value of those
shares exceeds 49 per cent of the nominal value of all the issued shares of such insurer.

(4) Where in any particular case at the commencement of this Act the ratio contemplated in
subsection (3) is exceeded, the bank and its associates may retain the shares in question, but they
shall not acquire any further shares in such insurer as long as such ratio is so exceeded.

(5) For the purposes of this section -

(a) “associate”, in relation to a bank, means -

(i) a holding company of that bank;

(ii) a company of which such holding company is a subsidiary;

(iii) a fellow subsidiary of that bank; or

(iv) a subsidiary (excluding a sub-subsidiary) of that bank or of such fellow

subsidiary; and

(b) “sub-subsidiary”, in relation to a bank or its fellow subsidiary, means a company which
is a subsidiary of such bank or fellow subsidiary by virtue of its being a subsidiary of a
subsidiary of that bank or fellow subsidiary.

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 CHAPTER VIII

CONTROL OF CERTAIN ACTIVITIES OF UNREGISTERED PERSONS

Order prohibiting anticipated or actual contraventions of certain provisions of Act

81. (1) If the Registrar has reason to suspect that any person who is not registered as a bank in
terms of this Act -

(a) is likely to conduct the business of a bank in contravention of the provisions of section
11(1) or 18A(6); or

(b) has so contravened the provisions of section 11(1) or 18A(6) or has contravened the
provisions of section 22(4) or (5), or that such a contravention is likely to be continued
or repeated,

the Registrar may apply to a division of the Supreme Court having jurisdiction (hereinafter in this
section referred to as the court) for an order -

(i) prohibiting the anticipated contravention referred to in paragraph (a);

(ii) prohibiting the continuation or repetition of a contravention referred to in paragraph

(b); or

(iii) prohibiting the person concerned from disposing of or otherwise dealing with any of
his or its assets while the contravention suspected of having been committed or of
being continued is investigated.

(2) If it is proved to the satisfaction of the court, in the case of an application for an order referred
to in -

(a) subsection (1)(i), that there is a reasonable likelihood that the provisions of section
11(1) or 18A(6) will be contravened by a person concerned as contemplated in
subsection (1)(a);

(b) subsection (1)(ii), that there is a reasonable likelihood that a contravention will be
continued or repeated as contemplated in subsection (1) (b); or

(c) subsection 1(iii), that there is a reasonable likelihood that a contravention has been
committed or is being continued as contemplated in subsection (1)(b),

the court may make the relevant order applied for.

Registrar's power to exact information from unregistered persons

82. (1) If the Registrar has reason to suspect that any person who is neither registered as a bank nor
authorized in terms of the provisions of section 18A(1) to carry on the business of a bank is carrying
on the business of a bank, the Registrar may by notice in writing direct that person to submit to him
such document or to furnish him with such information, relating to the affairs of that person, as the
Registrar may specify in the notice and as may be available to that person.

(2) A document or information referred to in subsection (1) shall be submitted or furnished within
such period as the Registrar may specify in the relevant notice or within such extended period as the
Registrar may allow on application made by the person concerned before the expiration of the period
initially specified in the notice.
 76

(3) Any person who refuses to comply, or fails to comply within the specified or extended period
referred to in subsection (2), with a direction issued by the Registrar under subsection (1) shall be
guilty of an offence.

Repayment of money unlawfully obtained

83. (1) If as a result of an inspection conducted under section 12 of the South African Reserve Bank
Act, 1989 (Act No. 90 of 1989), the Registrar is satisfied that any person has obtained money by
carrying on the business of a bank without being registered as a bank or without being authorized, in
terms of the provisions of section 18A(1), to carry on the business of a bank, the Registrar may in
writing direct that person to repay, subject to the provisions of section 84 and in accordance with
such requirements and within such period as may be specified in the direction, all money so obtained
by him in so far as such money has not yet been repaid, including any interest or any other amounts
owing by him in respect of such money.

(2) Any person who by virtue of the provisions of subsection (1) repays any money referred to in
that subsection before the due date for the repayment thereof agreed upon by that person and the
person from whom the money was obtained, shall not be obliged to pay any interest or any other
amounts which would have been payable in respect of such money for the period from the date of
such repayment up to such due date.

(3) Any person who refuses or fails to comply with a direction under subsection (1) -

(a) shall be guilty of an offence; and

(b) shall for the purposes of any law relating to the winding-up of juristic persons or to the
sequestration of insolvent estates, be deemed not to be able to pay his debts or to
have committed an act of insolvency, as the case may be, and the Registrar shall,
notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any law, be competent to apply
for the winding-up of such a juristic person or for the sequestration of the estate of
such a person, as the case may be, to any court having jurisdiction.

(4) The provisions of this section shall not be construed as relieving any person from liability to
criminal proceedings arising out of a contravention of any provision of this Act or any law repealed by
this Act.

Management and control of repayment of money unlawfully obtained

84. (1) Simultaneously with the issuing of a direction under section 83(1), or as soon
thereafter as may be practicable, the Registrar shall by a letter of appointment signed by him appoint
a person (hereinafter in this section referred to as the manager) to manage and control the
repayment of money in compliance with the direction by the person subject thereto.

(2) The Registrar shall serve a copy of the letter of appointment referred to in subsection (1)
upon the person subject to the relevant direction, and such person shall, with effect from the date of
the letter of appointment, be prohibited from disposing of or otherwise dealing with such of his assets
as are specified in the letter of appointment, except with the written permission of the manager.

(3) The manager shall act under the control of the Registrar, and he may from time to time apply
to the Registrar for instructions in regard to any matter arising out of or in connection with the
performance of his duties in terms of subsection (4).

(4) It shall be the duty of the manager -

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(a) to conduct such further investigation into the affairs or any part of the affairs of the
person subject to the direction as the manager may deem necessary in order to
establish -

(i) the true amount of money unlawfully obtained by that person as contemplated
in section 83(1);

(ii) the identities of all persons from whom such money was so unlawfully
obtained;

(iii) where any such money or any assets into which such money was converted,
is kept or can be located; or

(iv) any other fact which in the opinion of the Registrar or the manager needs to
be established in order to facilitate the repayment of such money in terms of
the relevant direction;

(b) to take all reasonable steps (including the liquidation of assets into which money
unlawfully obtained as contemplated in section 83(1) has been converted) which may
serve to expedite and ensure the repayment of money in accordance with the
requirements of and within the period specified in the relevant direction;

(c) to report the suspected commission by any person of any offence of which he
becomes aware in the course of the performance of his duties as manager in terms of
this section, to the attorney-general having jurisdiction in the area in which such
offence is so suspected of having been committed; and

(d) to perform any other function assigned to him by the Registrar in connection with the
finalization of the repayment of money in accordance with the relevant direction.

(5) For the purposes of the performance of his duties as set out in subsection (4), the manager
shall, in relation to the person subject to the relevant direction and in relation to the affairs of that
person, have the powers conferred by section 4(1), (2), (3) and (4) of the Inspection of Financial
Institutions Act, 1984 (Act No. 38 of 1984), upon an inspector contemplated in that section, as if the
manager were an inspector and the person subject to the direction were a financial institution
contemplated in that section.

(6) The manager shall in respect of the services rendered by him in terms of this section be paid
such remuneration by the Registrar as the Minister may determine, and the Registrar may recover an
amount equal to the remuneration so paid from the person subject to the direction.

(7) The manager shall hold office until the relevant direction has been fully complied with, but the
Registrar may at any time in writing withdraw the appointment of the manager on good cause shown,
whereupon the manager shall vacate his office.

(8) Any person who -

(a) when requested by the manager to take an oath or to make an affirmation, refuses to
do so;

(b) without lawful excuse refuses or fails to answer to the best of his ability a question put
to him by the manager in the exercise of his powers or the performance of his duties,
even though the answer may tend to incriminate that person;

(c) wilfully furnishes the manager with any false information;

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(d) refuses or fails to comply to the best of his ability with any reasonable request made
to him by the manager in the exercise of his powers or the performance of his duties;

(e) wilfully hinders the manager in the exercise of his powers or the performance of his
duties; or

(f) commits any other deed designed to obstruct, or to enable any person to evade, the
repayment of money as required by a direction under section 83(1),

shall be guilty of an offence.

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 CHAPTER IX

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Certification of returns and other documents

85. Any return or other document to be furnished to the Registrar by a bank or controlling
company in terms of a requirement of this Act, shall be certified as correct by the chief executive
officer and, in the case of such a return, also by the chief accounting officer of the bank or controlling
company and be endorsed by such chief executive officer with the date on which it is so certified.

Inspection, copies and keeping of documents

86. (1) Any person may upon payment of the prescribed fee -

(a) inspect any document specified in subsection (2) and kept by the Registrar in terms of
this Act;

(b) obtain a certificate from the Registrar as to the contents or any part of the contents of
any such document; or

(c) obtain a copy of or extract from any such document.

(2) The documents referred to in subsection (1) are -

(a) certificates of provisional or final registration or of the registration of an alteration of

the memorandum of association or articles of association or of a change of name of
banks and of controlling companies;

(b) memorandums of association and articles of association of banks and of controlling

companies; and

(c) returns and copies of notices, reports, returns, statements or minutes lodged with the
Registrar in terms of section 59, 65 or 75, excluding any return or statement so
lodged by means or under cover of a prescribed form which, in terms of the regulation
prescribing it, is to be treated as confidential and not available for inspection by the
public.

(3) The Registrar shall keep the documents specified in paragraph (c) of subsection (2) for a
period of at least 10 years : Provided that the Registrar shall not be required to keep the said
documents which relate to a bank or a controlling company of which the registration has lapsed or
been cancelled, for a period longer than five years as from the date of termination of such
registration.

(4) If the Registrar is of the opinion that a person requires an inspection or any certificate, copy
or extract referred to in subsection (1) to promote any public interest, he may exempt that person
from the obligation to pay the prescribed fee in respect of such inspection, certificate, copy or extract.

Minors and married women as depositors

87. (1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any law or the common law, and unless
otherwise provided in the memorandum of association or articles of association of a bank, a minor
over the age of 16 years or a married woman, whether or not under marital power, may be a
depositor with a bank and may without the consent or assistance of his guardian or her husband, as
the case may be, execute all necessary documents, give all necessary acquittances and cede,
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pledge, borrow against, and generally deal with, his or her deposit as he or she thinks fit, and shall
enjoy all the privileges and be liable to all the obligations and conditions applicable to depositors.

(2) The husband of a woman who is a depositor with a bank shall, save with her written consent,
not be entitled to demand or receive from the bank any particulars concerning the deposits she holds
with that bank.

Limitation of liability

88. No liability shall attach to the South African Reserve Bank or, either in his official or personal
capacity, any member of the board of directors of the said Bank, the Registrar or any other officer or
employee of the said Bank, for any loss sustained by or damage caused to any person as a result of
anything done or omitted by such member, the Registrar or such other officer or employee in the
bona fide performance of any function or duty under this Act.

Furnishing of information by Registrar

89. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 33(1) of the South African Reserve Bank Act, 1989
(Act No. 90 of 1989), the Registrar may furnish information acquired by him as contemplated in that
section -

(a) to any person charged with the performance of a function under any law, provided the
Registrar is satisfied that possession of such information by that person is essential
for the proper performance of such function by that person; or

(b) to an authority in a country other than the Republic for the purpose of enabling such
authority to perform functions, corresponding to those of the Registrar under this Act,
in respect of a bank carrying on business in such other country.

Regulations

90. (1) The Minister may make regulations -

(a) as to any matter which is required or permitted to be prescribed by regulation under

this Act;

(b) subject to the provisions of the Companies Act, providing guidelines relating to the
conduct of, and prescribing requirements to be complied with by, a member of the
board of directors of a bank in the performance of his functions as such a director;

(c) prescribing matters in addition to those contemplated in any other provision of this
Act, in respect of which fees shall be payable, and the fee payable in respect of each
such matter;

(d) prescribing the manner in which any payment in terms of this Act shall be made to the
Registrar;

(e) prescribing such further returns as the Minister may deem expedient, in addition to
those contemplated in any other provision, of this Act, to be furnished by banks to the
Registrar;

(f) prescribing that the financial statements of a bank shall be prepared in conformity with
generally accepted accounting practice;

(g) prescribing the amount of the fee payable in respect of a licence referred to in section

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35 or the basis on which such amount shall be calculated, the period within which
such fee shall be paid and a fine in respect of late payment of such a fee;

(h) prescribing the basis on which any movable or immovable assets shall for the
purposes of this Act be valued; or

(i) prescribing, generally, any matter, whether or not connected with any matter specified
in paragraphs (a) to (h), inclusive, which he may deem it necessary or expedient to
prescribe in order that the objects and purposes of this Act may be better achieved.

(2) A person who is obliged in terms of any provision of this Act to render a return or statement in
a prescribed form, shall be deemed not to have rendered that return or statement unless he has set
forth therein all the particulars for which provision is made in the prescribed form.

(3) A regulation made under subsection (1) may in respect of any contravention thereof or failure
to comply therewith prescribe a penalty not exceeding a fine of R2 000 or imprisonment for a period
of six months.

Offences and penalties

91. (1) Any person who -

(a) fails to comply with a direction under section 7;

(aA) in the completion of any questionnaire contemplated in section 1(1A)(c) furnishes the
Registrar with any information which to the knowledge of such person is untrue or
misleading in any material respect; or

(b) contravenes or fails to comply with a provision of section 7(3), (4) or (5), 34, 35, 37(1),
38(1), 39, 41, 42(1), 52(1) or (4), 53, 55, 58, 59, 61(2), 65, 66, 67, 70(2), (2A) or (2B),
70A, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78(1) or (3), 79, 80 or 84(2),

shall be guilty of an offence.

(2) A director or employee of a bank or controlling company who, or any company in which such
director or employee has a direct interest and which -

(a) accepts from any person any benefit for or in connection with any advance granted by
that bank or by the bank in respect of which that controlling company is registered; or

(b) otherwise than with the written consent of the Registrar or at a duly advertised public
auction purchases any immovable property owned by or mortgaged to that bank or
the bank in respect of which that controlling company is registered, and which is sold
by or at the instance of the bank in question or is sold at a judicial sale at the instance
of any other person,

shall be guilty of an offence.

(3) A bank which, while a shortfall referred to in section 74(3) exists in respect of its business,
pays any dividends, shall be guilty of an offence.

(4) Any person convicted of an offence in terms of -

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(a) Section 11(2), 18A(6) or 22(4), shall be liable to a fine not exceeding R100 000 or to
imprisonment for a period not exceeding five years or to both such fine and such
imprisonment; or

(b) section 17(6), 21, 22(3) or (8), 32(4)(a), 69A(14), 78(2), 82(3), 83(3)(a), 84(8) or
subsection (1), (2) or (3) of this section, shall be liable to a fine not exceeding
R10 000 or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding six months or to both such
fine and such imprisonment.

(5) Any person who accepts any benefit in contravention of the provisions of subsection (2)(a)
shall pay to the bank concerned the amount or value of such benefit.

(6) If any person fails to submit to the Registrar or to furnish the Registrar with any return,
statement, report or other document or information in accordance with a requirement of this Act
within the period determined by or under this Act or, if that period has been extended by the
Registrar under section 8(2)(a), within the extended period, the Registrar may impose upon him by
way of a notice in writing a fine not exceeding R100 for every day during which such failure
continues.

(7) A fine imposed under section (6) shall be paid to the Registrar within such period as may be
specified in the notice, and if the person concerned fails to pay the fine within the specified period the
Registrar may by way of civil action in a competent court recover from such person the amount of the
fine or any portion thereof which the Registrar may in the circumstances consider justified.

Review of Act

92. (1) The Minister shall appoint a standing committee to review this Act from time to time, and such
committee shall consist of such incumbents of offices and other members as the Minister may from
time to time determine.

(2) A member of the standing committee shall hold office for such period as the Minister may
determine, and shall be eligible for reappointment on the expiration of his term of office.

(3) The standing committee may from time to time, through the medium of the Policy Board for
Financial Services and Regulation established by section 2 of the Policy Board for Financial Services
and Regulation Act, 1993 (Act No. 141 of 1993), make recommendations to the Minister with regard
to amendments to this Act which, in the opinion of the committee, have become advisable owing to
changed circumstances or which the administration of this Act has shown to be advisable.

(4) A committee appointed by the Minister in terms of the provisions of section 53 of the Banks
Act, 1965 (Act No. 23 of 1965), and which exists on the date immediately preceding the date of
commencement of this Act, shall continue to exist until such time as a new committee is appointed
by the Minister in terms of this section, and such first-mentioned committee shall, as long as it so
continues to exist, be deemed to have been appointed by the Minister in terms of this section.

Interpretation of certain references in existing laws and in other documents

93. A reference in any law in force immediately prior to the commencement of the Deposit-taking
Institutions Amendment Act, 1993, or in any other document to -

(a) a deposit-taking institution, discount house, banking institution, banking institution

registered under or in terms of the Banks Act, 1965 (Act No. 23 of 1965), or building
society registered in terms of the Building Societies Act, 1986 (Act No. 82 of 1986),
shall, unless inconsistent with the context or otherwise clearly inappropriate, be
construed as a reference to a bank;

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(b) the Registrar of Deposit-taking Institutions or the Registrar of Building Societies shall
be construed as a reference to the Registrar :

Provided that -

(i) any such reference in section 10(1)(i)(xii)(bb), (xiiA) or (xiii)(bb), 10(1)(v) or (vA) or
19(5A) of the Income Tax Act, 1962 (Act No. 58 of 1962), to a building society shall
be so construed as a reference to a bank which, prior to its registration as such, had
been a building society (within the meaning of the Building Societies Act, 1986) that
after the commencement of this Act was registered as a deposit-taking institution by
virtue of the provisions of section 33 as those provisions existed prior to the
amendment thereof by the Deposit-taking Institutions Amendment Act, 1993; and

(ii) any such reference in section 10(1)(w) of the Income Tax Act, 1962, to a banking
institution shall be so construed as a reference to a bank which, prior to its registration
as such, had been a banking institution (within the meaning of the Banks Act, 1965)
that after the commencement of this Act was registered as a deposit-taking institution
by virtue of the provisions of section 33 as those provisions existed prior to the
amendment thereof by the Deposit-taking Institutions Amendment Act, 1993.

Amendment of section 3 of Act 61 of 1973, as amended by section 106 of Act 82 of 1986

94. Section 3 of the Companies Act is hereby amended by the substitution for paragraph (b) of
subsection (1) of the following paragraph :

“(b) with reference to any company or external company or society which is subject to the
provisions of any law relating to [banks or] insurance companies or societies in so far
as those provisions are inconsistent with the provisions of this Act; or”

Repeal of laws, and savings

95. (1) Subject to the provisions of subsection (2), the laws specified in the Schedule are hereby
repealed to the extent set out in the third column of the Schedule.

(2) Any regulation made, direction, order or directive issued, request made or requirement laid
down, and any other thing done under any provision of any law repealed by subsection (1), and
which could be made, issued, laid down or done under a provision of this Act, shall be deemed to
have been made, issued, laid down or done under the last-mentioned provision.

Short title

96. This Act shall be called the Banks Act, 1990.

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Schedule

LAWS REPEALED
NO. AND YEAR OF LAW SHORT TITLE EXTENT OF REPEAL

Act No. 23 of 1965 Banks Act, 1965 The whole

Act No. 80 of 1969 Financial Institutions Amendment Act, 1969 Section 2

Act No. 23 of 1970 Financial Institutions Amendment Act, 1970 Sections 3, 4, 5 and 6

Act No. 89 of 1972 Revenue Laws Amendment Act, 1972 Section 8

Act No. 91 of 1972 Financial Institutions Amendment Act, 1972 Sections 12 to 17, inclusive

Act No. 67 of 1973 Financial Institutions Amendment Act, 1973 Section 4

Act No. 101 of 1976 Financial Institutions Amendment Act, 1976 Sections 37 to 53, inclusive

Act No. 94 of 1977 Financial Institutions Amendment Act, 1977 Sections 17 to 21, inclusive

Act No. 80 of 1978 Financial Institutions Amendment Act, 1978 Sections 18 to 21, inclusive

Act No. 103 of 1979 Financial Institutions Amendment Act, 1979 Sections 27 to 31, inclusive

Act No. 99 of 1980 Financial Institutions Amendment Act, 1980 Sections 45 to 49, inclusive

Act No. 36 of 1981 Financial Institutions Amendment Act, 1981 Sections 23 to 25, inclusive

Act No. 82 of 1982 Financial Institutions Amendment Act, 1982 Sections 16 and 17

Act No. 86 of 1984 Financial Institutions Amendment Act, 1984 Sections 22 to 33, inclusive

Act No. 106 of 1985 Financial Institutions Amendment Act, 1985 Sections 10 to 36, inclusive

Act No. 82 of 1986 Building Societies Act, 1986 The Whole

Sections 3 to 7, inclusive, and

Act No. 6 of 1987 Financial Institutions Amendment Act, 1987
10 to 12, inclusive

South African Reserve Bank, Banking

Sections 2 to 16, inclusive,
Act No. 96 of 1988 Institutions, Mutual Building Societies and
and 32 to 51, inclusive
Building Societies Amendment Act, 1988
Banking Institutions, Mutual Building Societies Sections 1 to 6, inclusive, and
Act No. 13 of 1989
and Building Societies Amendment Act,1989 11 to 14, inclusive

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