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REVISION TOOL KIT FOR FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITIONS FOR FORM FOUR 2024
NAME................................................. COHORT: .........................MENTOR:………………....
Instructions
1. Using this handout together with class notes and available text books make short notes on each of the compositions.
2. The main sub-strand and learning points in your distilled notes should be the format, basic content and language.
3. Sketches of each composition can be drawn on one foolscap as part of your mind maps.
4. Using the marking scheme provided here, you shall be required to mark some script dummies that shall be provided from time to time.
NB: Remember the new trend by KNEC is awarding of more scores for language ability.

CLASS Composition Sample Question for guide Major learning point expectations used in awarding of scores during marking
(year tested) in interpreting content
1 2 Shopping list Imagine that your sibling is Format and content to have:
to join form one next  Title to have the owner’s name, the phrase 'shopping list', the event for which the
month. You have to help in shopping is being done and the date for shopping
the planning for her √TL
DAU'S SHOPPING LIST FOR JOINING FORM ONE ON 17TH JULY 2024
shopping. The shopping to
be made is to have the  Body- in table form with items under categories as hinted at in the question.
following items: toilet  The content to have a table that is fully filled having the following column headers: a)
s √CT
paper, utensils, soap, serial number - number of categories, b) Category - list categories (such as
biscuit, bedding, stationery clothing, toiletries, utensils, footwear, miscellaneous) with the most important category
and sanitary material. √IT
numbered first, c) items - column for list of items starting with the most important
Write the shopping list.
√QT
item in each category, d) quantity - column to quantify each item using apt units of
√DS
measurement, e) description - column for brief description of each item (of
√PR
opinion, size, shape, age, colour, originality, material, purpose), f) price - column
showing the costing of each item in Kenyan Shillings- the total is optional, and g) Shop
√SH
or market – an optional column for the shop you expect to get the packed
No Category Item Quantity Description Price Shop
1 Clothing Shirts 2 pairs White cotton @Ksh. 450 Wahu's shop
Trouser 2 pairs Navy blue @Ksh. 700 Kilombelo's shop
Sweater 1 pair Red @Ksh 800 Omido’s shop
Vests 2 pairs Blue cotton @Ksh 300 Ochieng’ shop
2 Food Biscuits 1 box ‘Maria’ brand @Ksh 250 Julia’s kiosk

 Language is brief and in note form.

2 1 Packing list. Imagine you are one of the Format and content to have:
members of prefect's  Title to have the owner’s name, the phrase 'packing list', the event for which the
council at Dabo School. You packing is being done, the venue for the event and the date for writing
are to go for a students’ √TL
seminar at Soya Palace. DALU'S PACKING LIST FOR STUDENTS’ SEMINAR ON 17TH JULY 2024
Your teacher has asked you  Body- in table form with categories as per the question’s rubrics.
to pack some items for your  The content to have a table with columns with the following headers: a) serial
use during the trip. The √SR √CT
number - number of categories, b) Category - list categories (such as clothing,
teacher has to approve your
packing list before you start toiletries, utensils, footwear, miscellaneous) with the most important category
√IT
packing. Write the packing numbered first, c) items - column for list of items starting with the most important
list that you will take to √QT
item in each category, d) quantity - column to quantify each item using apt units of
your teacher for approval √DS
before packing. measurement, e) description - column for brief description of each item being
√CM
packed f) Remarks or short comment optional column in relation to specific bag
or box or tin to use. Table is same to shopping list but without price and shop.
No Category Item Quantity Descr ption Remarks
1 Clothing Shirt 2 airs White In blue bag
Trouser 3 pairs Navy blue In leather bag
Sweater 1 pair Navy Blue In blue bag
Vest 2 pairs Blue velvet With a label
2 Food

 The language is in note firm and in table format

3 1 Inventory Imagine you came back to Format and content to have:
Tumtum Academy from √
 Title to have owner’s name, phrase 'inventory' and the date of last modification.
home last week. You
TUMTUM ACADEMY.
brought stationary,
LANDO'S SCHOOL INVENTORY AS ON 17TH JUNE 2024.
clothing, bedding and
Body- to have basic rubrics in the question included under categories
sanitary material. Write the
 Serial number- column with number for each category
inventory you had kept by
 Category- column with list of the categories (real inventory has each page for a given
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the end of week the first category)
week. Your items should not  Item- column for names of items
be more than fifteen.  Quantity received- column for the quantity of each item that was received
 Description- column for the description (opinion/ condition, size, shape, age colour,
originality, material, purpose)
 Date Received- column for the date the item was received
 Price/Value- the price in Ksh or the sourcing method such as donation or gift
 Date out- Column for the date the item was taken out by self for use or given out
 Quantity issued/out- column for the quantity given out
 Receiver- Column for name of the receiver of item when it was given out quantity out
 Sign/name- column for the sign or name of the person (self or others) who took
No Date Category Item Quantity Description Price Date Quantity Receiver Sign
received received out out
1 17/11/22 Food Rice 400kg Pishori
Beans 500 kg Rose coco
Soya 3 bags Japan yor
2 Uniform Shirts 150 pairs Cotton blue
Ties 300 Cotton red
The language is that of note form in table format.
4 1 Public notice Malkia Theatre Group has Format and content to have
and poster been allowed to stage an √TL
 T- Title- notice call or invitation in bold “NOTICE
(2011, 2013) adaptation of An Artist of √HD
the Floating Worlds in your  H- Heading - Letter head of the organization or name of the organization/
school. The performance institution with name of the club below it.
will be staged in the dining √DT
 Date - of writing the notice on right hand side
hall as from 2 pm to all √DR
form fours. As the secretary  Drawing - sketch an eye-catching picture for the theme of the notice. Do not focus
of Drama Club, write a on drawing at the expense of writing.
notice asking them to come √SG
 Sign off to validate the notice by name or management rank
with entry fee to watch the √FR
play. Remember to include  Frame the notice using a simple clear frame
the importance of watching √* √*
 Body to be in note form and highlight: a) What you are notifying, b) where it is. c)
the play. √* √*
When it will be in terms of day, date and time, d) to who is the notice targeting f)
√* √*
the conditions such as fee and rules e) by who , g) importance watching; and, h)
√*
parting shot or contacts for the main contact person.
The language must aim at
 Aim at notifying and not convincing the other.
 Short clear phrases are used
 Most important information is made bold or capitalized.
 Notice call is made bold or artistic and larger font than the rest.
 Making the item brief and in note form (Use blue pen, black pen and pencil only)
NOTICE! NOTICE!
MAKULU HIGH SCHOOL
DRAMA CLUB
11th September, 2024
We are pleased to bring you
 EVENT: Staging of play√*
 TITLE: The Samaritan by John Lara
 GROUP: Mulika Theatre Group
 PLACE: Kasuku Dining Hall√*- Mulika High School
 WHEN: Friday 30th October 2024. √*
 TIME: 2.00 P.M to 6.30 P.M√*
 TARGET: All Form Four√* 2024 Student
 PAYMENT: Ksh. 150√*
Ksh
150
 Why watch? 1. It will help you remember√*
Come
2. Entertaining√*

Come one come all

Contact 0722146751 to book space
By,
Onaona Mambo.
(Secretary)

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5 2 Advertisement You are the new Format and content to have
chairperson of Business  Title: give an advert call in bold and make it persuasive: ADVERTISEMENTT!
Club in your school. The  Heading- to have institution’s or club’s name at the top centre (letterhead)
club has opened a canteen  Logo of the club can be drawn as part of the letterhead
next to the teachers'  Date of advertising on the right hand side.
staffroom. The canteen has  Contacts at the bottom for those to call and consult after reading the advert
stocked copies of one of the  Drawing of item being advertised
compulsory set books and a
 Give a parting shot e.g. Come one come all/ Under New Management/ Don’t miss
variety of drinks. Write an
 Sign off the advertisement e.g. By Management
advertisement for the new
canteen that has to appear  Frame or appealing lay out of the advertisement
in the school's magazine. The body must have the following
 Name of item, vacancy or service being advertised with an adjective praising it in some
brief vivid descriptions
 Give the place, time, date, deadlines, day, mode of payment, price tag, former price
and benefits of the item to specific target group
 Brief details about the item in terms of place, day, time of operation, deadline of offers,
price of items, special qualities as selling points, or requirements or qualifications,
brief direction to place, other services etc.
 Each of the above has very brief description
The language has to use appealing adjectives to convince the customers and be brief- note
form. Some adverts can be in table form.
ADVERTISEMENT! ADVERTISEMENT
TOPNOTCH SECONDARY
Business Club
17th November, 2024
NEW STOCK! NEW CANTEEN!
.....xxxxxxxxxx.....
………xxxxxxxxxx...

Contact 0722146751
BUY FIVE GET ONE FREE

BY MANAGEMENT

6 1 Friendly letter You visited Runda Beach The format to have

(1992, 1998, last week. Write a letter to √A
 Senders address to be well punctuated; with no name of writer above it- preferably
2014, 2019) your friend giving a brief
intended or blocked format.
description of the day, your √DT
feelings to various activities  Date , after skipping a line, not to be part of the address
as well your attitude. √SL
 Salutation with the friend’s name and comma at its end
Ngirimoja School,
 Body of the letter is written in neat, logical and valid paragraphs
√VL √NM
P.o Box 49380-50100,
Musidi.  Closing tag or Valediction that is well punctuated, name in capital letters
10th August, 2024.
and without a signature. Use informal valediction tag such as ‘Your friend’ and not
‘Yours faithfully’.
Dear Nasamo,
Receive my greetings. How are you fairing on since we left each other when schools were The body to have
reopened? How are the other family members?  Introduction that has greeting, a question/ reminiscent about general or specific life or
This is to just let you know that I arrived in school safely after the half term break. Please health issue and the purpose of letter and the opening remark/thesis of the letter
brother, could you get me some ksh 5000 for the upcoming school trip to Kampala in
October? I am dying to visit Uganda and yet I know Mum and Dad may not afford the five
(invite, direct, inform, explain, keep in touch, apology etc.)
thousand shillings required for the trip at the moment.  Body paragraphs to deal with all rubrics (description, feelings and attitude, apology,
In conclusion, I wish you well. Greet Sikonyi, Kwachi, Situma, Sifuna and Mutali. invitation, keeping in touch) adhered to as per the demands of the question. Always
Your friend,
focus on what is asked in the question since digressing is of no value.
√CN
Okava.
 Conclusion with a parting shot of promise or wishing the other well.
 Linguistically, be grammatical with a relaxed, friendly and in informal touch in diction
and tone. Informality does not mean broken English.
7 2 Friendly apology On closing day, your friend The format to have
letter Bilbo announced the loss of  Senders address to be well punctuated with no name of writer above it.
a T-shirt and a calculator.  Date- in full after skipping a line and not to be part of the address
On arriving home, you  Salutation with the friend’s specific name and comma at the end
discover you are the one  Body of the letter having the apology content
having them. You decide to  Valediction that is well punctuated, name and without a signature. Avoid use of ‘Yours
send her the items via faithfully’ or ‘Yours sincerely’.
Securicor Carriers. Write a The body to have
letter of apology that will  Introduction that has greeting, a question about general or specifics of life and content
accompany the items. opening remark/thesis of the letter.
 All rubrics to be adhered to as per the question
 Content of apology to mention: the feelings of one apologizing, expressly apologize,
state the mistake, background the mistake (where was it, when was it and how did it
happen), state why you realized it is a mistake, give a promise or hope in relation to the
mistake and thank the reader.
 Don’t try to excuse yourself, defend or give why you made you to make the mistake
 Conclusion by showing gratitude and stating how you will feel once forgive.
Linguistically, be grammatical, neat, brief, the tone must be apologetic/ remorseful and
sincere.
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8 3 Reminder Official reminder Format and content should have the following
(official)  Official reminders are of various types and can have the format of: a letter or an
internal memo/ loose minutes or e-mail or fax; depending on the question. For
Your club is to have a
instance, the reminder format for this question is an internal memo.
(Reminder to meeting on Monday. The
Content of a reminder
self is called a to agenda, venue and time
do list) were communicated to all  The body to have an introduction- in a sentence, give the background of the reminder
the members. Write a by stating why there is need for reminding and quote the major communication from
reminder to all the members which the reminder emanates.
to ensure they do not miss  Main paragraph to have content that answer to the rubrics in the question in terms of
the meeting. what, where, when, who, why and how.
 Sign the reminder at the bottom left hand side.
 The language to have formal tone.
You are a busy class prefect. Format
Among other activities, you Title-
are to chair a meeting, take  Recipient or owners name
books for marking, organize  Date of writing the reminder
for sweeping of the class CLASS PRECT'S REMINDER TO WAMU ON 16TH SEPTEMBER 2024.
and take a list of noise Introduction sentence
makers to the class teacher.  Why the reminder
However, on this day, you  Where you will be
are to be away for fees.  Request to the person to stand in
Write a reminder to a  Sign off if the reminder is to be given to a friend.
friend to do this for you. Content to have
 List of activities- listed chronologically
 Each activity listed must be having the place, activity itself by name, time the
activity is to happen and any other relevant instruction such as other people
involved or requirements.
9 2 Friendly Imagine you have planned The format to have
invitation letter for a birth day party. Write  Senders address to be well punctuated with no name of writer above it
a letter inviting your friend  Date- not to be part of the address.
to come for the function.  Salutation with the friend’s name and comma at the end
Remember to give the day,  Valediction that is well punctuated, name in capital letters and without a signature.
date, venue, direction and Avoid use of ‘Yours faithfully’ in a friendly letter.
any other relevant The body to have
information.  Introduction that has greeting, a question about general of specific life and content
opening remark/thesis of the letter.
 Middle paragraphs to answer the rubrics in the question.
 Content of invitation to mention: the feelings of one inviting, state the one to host, the
name of the event, the venue, the day and date, the time, one sentence directions to the
place, the role or responsibility of the one being invited, some rules to be observed such
as dressing, give some hope in relation to the invitation and thank the reader.
 Conclusion by wishing your friend safe journey or any parting shot
The tone in the language should be informal but grammatical.
10 2 Invitation card Imagine you have got an A The format to have
plain in KCSE 2024. You  Title of invitation with the host and event
are to hold a results √
MARANGA HIGH SCHOOL HD
celebration party next √
month. You would like your CORDIALLY INVITE YOU TO A KCSE RESULTS CELEBRATION PARTY. T
class teacher to come as the √DT
 Date of writing the invitation on the right hand side in full
guest of honours during this √SL
occasion. Design a special  Salutation with the friend’s title, name and comma at the end
invitation card for the guest.  Body of the letter of invitation to have all details on inviting
Remind the guest to dress in √RS
 Senders contacts at the bottom under RSVP
a blue or black suit.
 Frame the invitation
√SK
 Some sketch drawings related to occasion are acceptable.
The body to have
 All rubrics in the question adhered to after apt interpretation.
 Content of invitation paragraph to mention: the feelings of one inviting, declare the
invitation, stating the one to host, the name of the event, the venue, the date and the
day, the time, brief one sentence directions to the place, the role of the one being
invited such as guest, some rules to be observed, give some hope in relation to the
invitation and thank the reader.
 Conclusion stating how you will feel if the invitation is honoured and wishing your
friend safe journey
The language must have a formal tone and be precise.
NEHEMA QUAKER CHURCH
CHURCH CHOIR CLUB
CORDIAL INVITATION YOU TO A FUND RAISING EVENT
TH
6 November 2024
Dear Hon Ndakwa Welcome
On behalf of the Nehema Church Community, we are pleased to invite you to a fund raising event that shall be held on Friday
th
150 Come
18 November 2024 at Nehema Church ground. The event shall start at 9.30 am. You are hereby invited as the Assistant Chief
Guest. Nehema Church is located 300m from the Nyikuri Junction along Musidi- Mayuge Highway.

Your presence and generous contribution shall be appreciated.

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RSVP,
Kangwana Kuloba
0722146751.
(Secretary)

11 2 Official Invitation with three The format to have

Invitation letter addresses √A
 Senders 1 address
Imagine you are the √DT
chairperson of drama club  Date of writing
in your school. The √A
 Recipient’s address 2
principal has requested you √A
to do an invitation letter to a  Through address 3 starting with: (Through). Students cannot invite a neighbouring
neighbouring school to school directly.
come to your school for a √SL
 Salutation
joint dress rehearsal. √RE
Remind them to observe  Reference for writing starting with (RE)
covid rules. Write the √SG
 Signing off with: Yours sincerely in case you named the recipient by name/ Yours
invitation letter through the √NM
principal. faithfully in case you used Sir or Madam then a signature, name and designation.
Content to have
 All rubrics in the question adhered to after apt interpretation.
√* √*
 Content of invitation paragraph to mention: the feelings of one inviting, stating
√* √* √* √* √*
the one to host , the name of the event , the venue , the date , the day , the
√* √* √*
time , brief one sentence directions to the place, the role of the one being invited,
√* √*
some rules to be observed such as dressing, give some hope in relation to the
invitation and thank the reader.
√CN
 Conclusion by stating how you will feel if the invitation is honoured and wishing
your friend safe journey
 The language must have a formal sincere tone and be precise.
Decline to Invitation The format to have
Imagine you have been  Senders address
invited to give a speech on  Date of writing
effects of Gen Z  Recipient’s address
demonstration to the society  Salutation
by your primary school. On  Reason for writing starting with (REF)
the same date, you will be  Signing off with: Yours SINCERELY in case you named the recipient by name/ Yours
having an examination at FAITHFULLY in case you used Sir. Put a signature, name and designation.
your college at Bindley Content to have
University. Write a letter
 All rubrics in the question adhered to after apt interpretation.
declining the invitation.
 Content of invitation paragraph to mention: acknowledge the letter received and the
date it was written, give the background of the invitation as in the letter being answered
(date, time, event or place, role you were to play), the feelings as you decline, state that
you decline with respect, appreciate the invitation, state the reason for not honouring
the invitation and thank the reader.
 Conclusion by stating how you will feel now that you have not honoured the invitation.
The language must have a formal sincere tone and be precise.
12 3 Private journal Imagine you are one of the Format should have
or personal students who went out for a √TL
 Title with the owners name, phrase 'private journal', and the occasion or period
journal or one week’s trip last week.
KOKOLIOKO'S PRIVATE JOURNAL FOR THE WEEKEND'S KEMRI TRIP
personal diary On one of the days, you √BD
(1997, 2023) visited Koku zoo, Mendele  Body divided into days with all the rubrics adhered to eg the number of days, the
Tea Factory and Moreno order of events, the places in question etc
Super Market. On another The body should have the following
(Shajara ya
memorable day, you paid a  Split body into the said days with name of the day in full, date and a title giving a
kibinafsi)
visit to a boring place before summary of main event.
coming back to school. √EN
 Each day to have a journal entry in paragraph form- number of paragraphs per
Write a private journal that
you kept the two memorable day will depend on the number of events attended on the same day.
√*
days.
NATECHO’S PRIVATE JOURNAL FOR THE MONTH OF MAY 2024
 Each entry must mention: a) the event attended by name/ (can be a sub-title) , b) the
Sunday, 18th May 2024 √* √*
Okutaywa’s Wedding. specific time of the event, c) some brief lively and vivid description of what made
This was a day straight from hell. The sad news came in at 11.00 am from the Makunga OCPD. the day outstanding e.g. people, problems /reflection/irony of the day, d) the specific
The wedding that we had been longing for was called off at last moment. The snake-green
√* √*
balloons, honey-coloured ribbons, Safaricom-green caked and all the decorations we had made place/name of the event, e) your general attitude or feelings before, during or after
at Helicopter Ministry church were all in vain. I looked at the fluffy indigo carpet and neon
lights and wept. The bridegroom had been diagnosed of Covid-19 and there was no way my
√*
the event, f) a clincher having a moral / new thing learned in life.
brother Okutaywa was going to proceed with the wedding. I learned that man can plan; by; God
has the final say.  The less the number of days the more the entries per day.
Friday, 23rdh May 2024 The language must be brief, in past tense but not deem past. Remember it is not a creative
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………… story with elaborate plot line- only key events needed. However, linguistic score is high.
………………………………………………………………………..……………………………
………………………………………………………………………..……………………………
..

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13 1 Appointment You are the games captain Format should have
diary in your school. The school is √TL
 Title - to be bold, having the owners name, phrase 'appointment diary', and the
to host a sports Tournament
main occasion for the period
over the weekend. On day
one, you have to meet  Body divided into days with all the rubrics adhered to
officials of all teams, The body should have the following
√DY
organize for  Split into the said number of days with name of the day and date made bold
accommodation for the √EN
 Each day to have appointment entries that are numbered.
visiting teams and give a
speech. The second day you  Each appointment entry must briefly mention the following under the appointment
will move a vote of thanks. hours: the event to be attended, the place where the event is to be held, your
Write am appointment expectation in terms of people or feeling and the major task you are to perform.
√*
diary for the two days.  At time you can use table having the following columns: a) Day - give the name of
MADIKA’S APPOINTMENT DIARY FOR KISII TRIP
√* √*
the day in full b) Date - of the entry, b) time - morning, noon, night, evening or
DAY TIME EVENT PLACE REMARK √*
SUNDAY 8.30-11.00 AM To go for Kung To play piano
specified period, d) event - give the specific name e) place/venue- identify the place
18/4/2024 Agnety’s Church √*
wedding by name, f) an optional comment or remark column - include the role assigned to
13.00-3.00pm To watch Kaula Hall To go with Fridah
drama Gala play, any reminder, people to check on or item to carry.
7.00-9.00pm Birthday Party Malala’a To be in charge of  The less the number of days the more the appointment entries per day.
home leading the inging
MONDAY 11.00-1PM Go for the Mukhupo Carry flowers The language must be in future or present future tense. It has to be in notes form.
19/4/2024 Club leader’s School Remember that a diary IS NOT SAME TO A PROGRAM since a program has other
Orientation
4.00-6.0pm Watch Kipsoita To be the minor events taking place at one point or within same environment.
football Field commentator

14 2 Dialogue or You have just met a former Format should have the following:
interview classmate at the market. √TL
 Title - with the phrase 'dialogue', participants, the subject matter and the date.
writing (2001) Write a dialogue between
A DIALOGUE BETWEEN AKELO AND YUNA ON EFFECTS OF COVID-19 TO
the two of you. Remember
THE COUNTRY AT HAMSA MARKET ON 17TH JULY 2024
to bring out the effects of √ID
Covid 19 to the country.  Introductory stage directions - in brackets giving the environment, place and time
DIALOGUE BETWEEN LAU AND LOMA ON EFFECTS OF POLITICAL
setting
√CH
VIOLENCE ON 1ST MARCH, 2024. √  Name of each speaker (not in margin), followed by colon, and what the speaker
(Lau and Loma meets at Koli market and sits on bench in It is afternoon.)√
said.
√SD
LAU: √Good afternoon Loma? How are you?
LOMA: Good afternoon too. I am fine Lau, thank you. You have grown tall and  Include few stage directions indicating purposeful actions by the speakers. The
fat- what have you been eating? action has to add value to the message non-verbally.
 Conclusion stage directions√CD- in a sentence stating the end of the dialogue.
LAU: Ugali and mushrooms. Loma, I see a case of a pot calling the kentle black.
You are also tall, aren't you? (They laugh) Hope our politics won't make
you thin.
LOMA: Lau, now that you have talked of politics, don't you think political Content to have:
√*g √*r
violence affects our country?
LAU: It does. Look at the effects on the economy. Prices of items have
 The first dialogue exchanges dealing with greeting , general life reminiscent
skyrocketed. We pay for basic items through the nose. The basic items are √*t
themselves scarce.
between the two and statement narrowing to the theme/topic
LOMA: You are right. Just bought a kilogram of sugar at three hundred shilling.  Middle dialogue exchanges to deal with the rubrics in the question. They have to be
To be given the same sugar, you have to buy two rolls of tissue paper. This interpreted well and be reflected in the ensuing dialogue exchanges with apt
is bad.
LAU: If you look at our declining tourism sector, you will agree with me that we explanation being done by both characters involved. (Build ideas the way you will do in
are headed for tough times. paragraphs but split up into words by characters- dialogue to complete ideas before
LOMA: Indeed we are. Most hotels at the coast are having few tourists clocking moving to the next)
in. This has led to closure of some of the hotels.
LAU: Mhm ...er...is that the reason Kimwelu, who works at Diani Beach Hotel, is
at home?
 Last dialogue exchanges to deal with conclusion√* elements within the dialogue-
LOMA: Yes. Employees being send home to cut on cost until the business peaks review, wish well and part.
up. You see, most tourists fear being got in the mix of the destructions of
property that comes with the political violence.
 Language is creative and grammatical with apt register as per the speakers and with
LAU: You have hit the nail on the head, Loma. During the violence, we have seen characteristics of natural spoken speech such as contracted forms, connectors,
deviant youth demonstrating, blocking roads, burning tyres and beating hesitations, some pause fillers, interruptions, ellipsis and mix of short/long sentence
opponents with crude weapons. Burning of property has also been seen
many a times.
structure. Also, vary the length of what each speaker say and balance the turn taking
LOMA: Also, there is one worst effect: death. ………………………………
√*
during the speaking. Remember to use purposeful stage directions at start giving
LAU: Loma, I am supposed to be on the move. I am supposed to water the cow at
home. In conclusion, I strongly believe political violence has no place in setting (place, time, and environment), within the body (adding purposeful non-
our society. We have to educate our peers on this. verbal).
LAU: (Standing) You are right, Loma. Let us spread the gospel of peace. It has
15 2 nice
been Business letter
chatting with
You are the secretary of the
you. Please, greet your elder sister for me. The format to have
(e.g.
that.letter Students
ofhave safe journey. Against Noise √
LOMA: I will do
LAU: (handshaking
May you
each other)
Thank you.
Welcome. Association in your school.
 Sender’s address to be well punctuated with no name of writer above it and
complaint and
(They Part)
Masitimu Bar, which opened preferably blocked format of address. If you write
its feedback √
response) a branch next to your school,  Date of writing- not to be part of the address and in full
has been playing loud music √
for the past one week. Write a  Recipient’s address to be well punctuated starting with: 'The .........,'
(1993, 2007,
2012, 2018,
letter to its management
highlighting to them the
 (If the letter is to be send through another some other person, then the address of the
2020) effects of the noise from the person is written)
bar to the students. Copy to √
be send to the OCPD. Write  Salutation using the person's title- without the specific recipient’s name and with a
through the chief. comma at the end
√
Ngirimoja High School,  REference for writing- to capture the problem
P.o Box 49380-80900,
Musidi.
 Body of the letter to be paragraph form- blocked or intended for semi blocked format.
√ √ √
 Valediction that is well punctuated, with a signature , name and designation .
10th August, 2024.
The body content to have
 All rubrics interpreted and adhered to fully such as the Cc. area at the bottom left
hand side.
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√
To,
The Manager,
 Content of a complaint to have a brief self- introduction of who you are and the group
Masitimu Bar, √ √
P.O Box 12-5021, you belong, the purpose of the letter (Complain), a brief background of the problem
Lutaso.
you are complaining of (what, when, where, how), how was the situation before the
Through,
The chief √ √
Mbakara Sub-Location,
mistake , effects of the problem to the complainant, suggested possible ways forward
P.O Box 234-1001, √
Kimilili or rectification method , how long you are willing to wait for action, efforts attempted
Dear Nasamo, √
RE: ………………………………………………………………………….. efforts to correct by complainant and expression of hope for a change.
Yours faithfully, √
Sssssg  Conclusion stating your feeling if the problem is rectified and thanking the reader.
NIKISHUTA C. NITAHARA
Language should be formal, respectful and brief
16 2 Official apology Your school had a guest The format to have
letter speaker of Mathematics  Senders address to be well punctuated with no name of writer above it
during the weekend. During  Date not to be part of the address and in full
the session, your teacher of  Recipient’s address to be well punctuated addressed to the Teacher of Mathematics
Mathematics found you  Salutation of ‘Dear Sir or Dear Madam or Dear Mr. x’ with a comma at the end
sleeping behind the school  REference that focuses on apology stating the mistake.
store. Write an apology  Body of the letter to respond to the rubric as per the right interpretation of the
letter to the teacher. question.
 Valediction that is well punctuated, with a signature, name and responsibility rank.
Take note of when to use ‘Yours faithfully,’ or ‘Yours sincerely’.
The body to have
 All rubrics in the interpretation to be adhered to.
 Content of apology to mention: the feelings of one apologizing, who is apologizing or on
whose behalf, state the mistake, background the mistake (where it was, when it
happened, how it happened), why you now realize it as a mistake, give a promise or
hope in relation to the mistake.
 Conclusion done by stating how you will feel once forgiven ranking the reader
17 2 Official Imagine you are the The format to have
invitation letter secretary of Debate Club in  Senders address to be well punctuated with no name of writer above it
(1993 a) your school. The club has  Date not to be part of the address and in full
been permitted to host a  Recipient’s address to be well punctuated
debate contest with a  Through address to be well punctuated
neighbouring school. The  Salutation- start with, 'Dear ..... '
topic of the debate shall be  REference carrying the message for writing
based on A Doll’s House: at
 Body of the letter to answer all the rubrics as per the interpretation
times it is risky to remain
 Valediction that is well punctuated, name in capital letters and without a signature
secretive in relationships.
The body to have
Write a letter inviting the
 Introduction that has greeting and rapport statement
school. Remember to write
through your principal.  All rubrics adhered to
 Content of invitation to mention: the feelings√ of one inviting, state the one to host√, the
name√ of the event, the venue√, the date√, the day√, the time√, brief directions√ to the
place, the role√ of the one being invited, some rules√ to be observed, give some hope√ in
relation to the invitation and thank√ the reader.
 Conclusion by wishing your friend safe journey
The tone in the language should be formal and grammatical.
18 3 Application You are a school leaver who The format to have
letter aka Cover has attended a six months’  Senders address to be well punctuated with no name of writer above it
letter (2012, training in computer  Date- not to be part of the address and within March 2024
2016, 2020) packages. When you were  Recipient’s address on the left hand side and to be well punctuated start: “The……..
looking for a job, you saw  Salutation with ‘Dear Sir’ or ‘Dear Madam,’- a comma at the end
an advertisement by Kilimo  REference for writing (the reference number has to be quoted if it is a solicited letter of
Biscuit Factory of Box application)
12345- 059, Nairobi. It had  Body of the letter
placed an advertisement in
 Valediction that is well punctuated, with a signature and name in capital letters. Use
one of the local dailies on formal tag ‘Yours faithfully’ avoid ‘sincerely’ unless your salutation had a name.
26th March 2024 of Ref. No.
 Some letters need a list of documents enclosed under enclosures.
KBF/55 asking for those
The body to have
interested in working as
 All rubrics adhered to
trainee clerk to apply before
the end of the month. The  Introduction to give a background of information source/ reference√ of the
applicants for the trainee advertisement and a declaration of desire√ to put in an application as well as the
clerk job must have B+ in position√ being applied.
KCSE, proficiency in  Body in which the application is done by: giving your brief description√ (age, sex,
spoken French and a citizenship, religion), explanation of your specific qualifications√ as per all the areas in
certificate in Book Keeping the rubric (highest academic qualification, professionalism, experiences, strength and
from recognized college. any added advantage you have) and what you feel you can do √ for the institution you
Those with computer are applying to if hired. Some letters require you give a referee.
knowledge in excel will have  Conclusion by stating you are available for an interview any day, your feeling if you
an added advantage. Write will be considered, your email address, and thank the reader
a letter applying for the job. Language to be a formal one, grammatical and brief.
19 4 Letter of request You have just finished The format to have
(2007, 2018) writing a short story. You  Senders address to be well punctuated with no name of writer above it. Revisit
would like to publish it in an contents of an address- e.g. post office number with code
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anthology to be compiled by  Date should not to be part of the address and preferably in full
one of the local publishers.  Recipient’s address to be well punctuated
Write a letter the local  Salutation with a comma at the end
publishers requesting the  REference for writing
chief editor to consider your  Body of the letter to respond to the rubrics of the question
story. Include a synopsis  Valediction that is well punctuated using ‘Yours faithfully’ if the salutation had use of
and the story you have ‘Dear Sir’ or ‘Dear Madam’, with a signature and name together with designation.
written in the letter.
 List of the two enclosures at the bottom left hand side
The body to have
 All rubrics adhered to as they are in the question
 Content of letter to have a self-general introduction of who or on whose behalf you are
writing√ , background√ of your need, placement of the request√ (what, when, where,
why), benefits√ you will get from the help, how the request can be delivered, some
promise√ in relation to the request and other areas of the rubrics.
 Conclusion is done by stating you hope√, showing gratitude√, giving your quick
response contact and thanking√ the reader
The language must be formal, brief and pleasant
20 3 Letter to the You have just read an The format to have
editor or article by Mr. Bill Muiruri  Senders address to be well punctuated with no name of writer above it
publisher (2007) in one of the local dailies in  Date not to be part of the address and in full- use the present year or as directed in the
which he claims that love question.
for money is not the source  Recipient’s address to be well punctuated with the name of the newspaper well
of suffering in A Doll’s punctuated
House. You have a feeling  Salutation to have 'Dear Editor,' with a comma at the end
that columnist was wrong.  RE:(REference) for writing
Write a letter to the editor  Body of the letter to have valid points in relation to the set text
in response to Muiruri’s
 Valediction that is well punctuated, with a signature and name in capital letters
article.
The body to have
 All rubrics adhered to as per the question in a formal tone
 Introduce yourself, state reason for writing (advise, complain, warn, highlight, share),
state the subject matter lively by giving the background of what prompted you to write
and state your opinion in relation to the topic.
 Discuss the body validly in paragraphs having main points with reasons/examples.
 Conclusion by stating your hope, offering topic based challenge showing gratitude and
thank the reader
 Language to be formal and precise.
NB: In Kiswahili, the name is placed at the bottom but not in English. Also, avoid the
newspaper edited version where addresses are seen to be missing when writing in English
exams.
21 4 Inquiry letter Tumaini Theatre Group is The format to have
(2005, 2009) conducting a performance  Senders address to be well punctuated with no name of writer above it
of one of the drama set texts  Date not to be part of the address and in full
in one of the halls in  Recipient’s address to be well punctuated with the name of the local newspaper well
District. It has chosen five punctuated.
schools for the purpose, but  Salutation done with a comma at the end (Who receives letters?)
your school is not one of  REference for writing to state the theme of your inquiry
them. As the secretary to  Body of the letter to answer the rubrics
drama Club, write a letter
 Valediction that is well punctuated, with a signature and name in capital letters.
to your patron to request if
Remember you are a secretary and include it in brackets. Signing by one name in small
you can attend. Request the letters will be taken as a signature.
patron to inquire about:
The body to have
your school being included,
 All rubrics adhered to as per the question set
the date on which it is going
to perform, what to carry  Introduction to state who you are and give a background of yourself in relation to the
inquiry.
along to the venue, date,
time, charges per  The body has to put forward request to the patron stating benefits of watching
performance and the time  Ask the patron to inquire to put forward the stated inquiries as per the rubrics: why
details of the program of you are doing the inquiry, your group by name, to know hall of performance by name,
performance. Remember to to know date, to know day, to know time, to know the fee, know any other rules and
highlight the importance of what you would like the respondent to do.
the performance to your  Conclusion is done by stating your hope, showing gratitude, giving your quick
school. response contact and thank the reader
Polite tone, formal language and be brief.
22 2 Direction to Imagine you have just Format and content to have the following
place (1992, completed your exam and  Title with the beginning and end point of the journey
2004) one of your friends would  The rubrics of the question to be adhered to as per the set question. For example, it can
like to visit you during the be a speech to be e-mailed and the topic of the speech has to be attempted faithfully.
coming holiday. Write for  The instructions deal with direction in between the various journey stages (numbers
him directions from your show the stages) as briefly as possible in a sentence.
local trading Centre to your Content.
home. Remember to give a  Use a variety of direction markers in the body such: 1. specific compass directions√
brief description of your such as turning East, West or South, 2. Specific road features√ such as XYZ junctions,
home. zebra crossing and flyovers, 3. Specific geographical landmarks and land features√
such as hills, rivers, buildings and valleys, 4. Specific names√ of places, 5. Specific
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names of roads√ such as Avenues and highways, 6. Major mode of transport√ such as
bodaboda, 7. Approximate distance√ in kilometers.
 Diction of giving direction such as turn right√, move across, move along, take the road,
go uphill, move downhill, adjacent, overlooking, opposite, etc. to be used.
 End point√ has to be briefly described in a sentence.
 It is usually made part of other compositions such as letter, email, fax or invitations.
The language is usually made prosaic.
23 3 Speech Imagine you are the head Format of a speech must have
(Hotuba) student in your school. The √
 Title - mention the speaker, the subject matter, the place and the occasion/ date.
(1993b, 2010, school is hosting an annual
OTIE'S SPEECH ON THE EFFECTS OF COVID-19 TO STUDENTS OF AKILI
2017, 2022) Language Cultural Day and
ACADEMY IN THE LECTURE HALL ON 27TH NOVEMBER 2024.
you have been requested to
make a speech. Write a  Avoid quotation marks. You can use opening and closing inverted comma at the start
PREFECT'S SPEECH ON CAUSES OF and the end only if you are not told to imagine that it is your speech and you are
POOR PERFORMANCE GIVEN TO
speech you will present. The
writing the speech you heard given by somebody else.
THE STUDENTS DURING CLOSING members of the school
DAY ON 11TH NOVEMBER 2022 IN
Board of Management and  The body must answer the rubrics in the question in paragraph form
THE HALL.
the Sub-County Quality The body must have the following
√
Our chief guest Dr. Olga, our principal, Assurance Officer shall be  Introduction- you have to greet the audience hierarchically (don’t mention their
our deputy principal , teachers and my
fellow students, good afternoon? My present. √
names if they are many), introduce yourself by title, intentionally use a style meant to
name is Tonisky- the form two class
perfect. I stand here to talk about the
√ √ √
create a rapport , welcome audience to your speech and state the subject matter of
main causes of poor performance
among most of the form two students in your speech.
our school. As you are all aware, we are  Paragraphs responding to the rubrics of the question faithfully- state the fact in topic
performing below our expected
standards, aren't we? Welcome to share sentences, explanations in supporting sentences and clincher sentenced. Have variety of
many a reason on this issue. sentence structures.
√ √
First of all, can students perform  Conclusion- having an overview or a remark , your hope about the subject matter to
excellently if there are inadequate √
academic resources? This will be a listeners (restate it), thanking the audience for listening and wishing the audience well
miracle in the academic circles. √
………………… or safe journey
The language has to be in present tense, first person, formal, brief and logical. A good
speech is usually laced with apt connectors/transitional words and language devices such
as phrasal verbs, idioms, proverbs, imagery, quotations. Do not overuse them.
23 3 Investigative or This year, members of your Format and content should have
Survey Report class experienced poor √Tl
 Title- subject matter, who it is to be submitted to and the date of submission.
(2006, 2021) performance in English in
A PREFECT'S REPORT ON CAUSES OF POOR PERFORMANCE IN ENGLISH
REPORT OF THE EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE AT at Ngoni High School. The
MWEMA SCHOOL SUBMITTED BY THE HEAD AT NGONI HIGH SCHOOL SUBMITTED TO THE DIRECTOR OF STUDIES ON
TH
STUDENT ON 6 NOVEMBER 2024. student did not open up to
17TH MAY, 2024
the school administration in
Introduction
Following outbreak of indiscipline cases in the  √IN Introduction- give the background√ of what necessitated the report (problem), who√
relation to the same. You
school, the principal, Mrr, Tui appointed a
committee to investigate and find out ………….the requested for the investigations or survey, how long√ it took to investigate, list of
were among the prefects
recommend………
The following were the members of the committee members√ who were doing the investigation and the purpose√ of the report (terms of
1. …. who were given a
responsibility to investigate reference).
 √MT
Method of collecting data
1. The committee interviewed students using a
and write a report giving Methodology/ Collection of information- in a sentence or two, highlight the
questionnaire to find out……
recommendations. Write investigation methods√ used to gather information- be specific e.g. Members
2. …..
Findings the report to be submitted interviewed/ observed/ sampled/ administered questionnaires to the students. You can
1. ……
2. ……. to the director of studies. also add any problem encountered when collecting information.
3. ……
4. ….
 √BD Body- to have the main title hinting at the key subject matter. Under the main title,
Conclusion
divide the findings into at least four sub titles√ and number them, each sub title to have
Recommendations
1. ……………………….- …………………………
a paragraph briefly explaining√ that finding in terms of what was specifically
2. ………………………. observed/found out and what such implies.
3. ……………………….
4. ………………………..
 √CN Conclusion- you have to give the outcome/ result/ your hope or general remarks√.
 √RC Recommendation- each recommendation to be numbered and corresponding√ to the
Report comipiled by.
number of the finding it refers in the body.
 √SG Signing off: you have to give the compiler’s signature, name and designation under
Kametokea Tena
(Secretary)

'Report Compiled by,'

Language has to have a passive tone, in the past and concise.
24 3 Confidential Imagine you have sent an The format to have
letter or application to be considered  Senders address to be well punctuated with no name of writer above it
recommendation for employment as a  Date not to be part of the address.
report (1994) receptionist at Afya Medical  Recipient’s address to be well punctuated
Centre. You have been  Salutation with a comma at the end
requested by the personnel  Subject for writing (RE)- has name and details of person being recommended
manager to produce a  Body of the letter to reflect what you have been told to write
confidential report from the
 Valediction (Yours faithfully,) with a signature, name and designation
principal of your former
The body to have
secondary school. Write the
 All rubrics adhered to as per the question.
recommendation report that
 Paragraph one deals with your feeling√ as you write, reference as to why you are
you believe the principal
writing, the specific background√ of who you are, declaration you know the person and
will draft for you.
in which capacity√ , declare that you recommend√ or not, the length of time you have
Remember to bring out
know the person- quoting years√.
your strength and a
weakness.  Paragraph two deals with the person’s strength in relation to the expected task for
which the recommendation is made (academically by quoting specific scores√ , socially
by being specific episodes√, physically by being specific√, emotional quotient by
exemplifying√ (EQ), special talents by being specific of when and where√ and
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leadership√ skills by being specific of what, when and where.
 Last paragraph in body to give at least one specific weakness√ that can be corrected
and thanking the reader.
Conclusion by stating your hope, showing gratitude, giving your quick response contact
Polite tone, formal language and brief.
25 3 Newspaper or Imagine you are a journalist Format to have:
Magazine report who has just witnessed mob  Major Title of the newspaper in bold, centrally placed at top of page and underlined.
(1991) justice to a chicken thief at a Motto of newspaper, contact and logo are optional.
market. The thief turned  Day and date of the article’s publication on top right hand side
(Tahariri)
out to be a prominent  The town one is doing the report from is added on right hand side then a line drawn
celebrity in your town. across page to separate newspaper details from the report.
Write an article, reporting  A title of the article that is hooky or interesting and having the subject matter
the issue, to appear in one of  The authors name below the title.
the local dailies. The body should be in paragraph form to answer the following
 What you are reporting- be specific with the major event or episode
 Where did what you are reporting happen- specify the place by name
 When did what you are reporting happen- specify the time, date and day
 How did what you are reporting happen- be descriptive and vivid
 Who are involved- use specific names.
 Why what you are reporting happened.
 The worthiness of the news- an irony and humour in the event being reported-
captures the maxim of ' man bites a dog.'
 How did the incident being reported end
The language must be: prosaic, formal, descriptive, objective, start lively, be convincing
and in past tense. Most reports are brief.
Use variety of sentences, idioms, phrasal verb, etc.
√
}∆{ THE IMMORTAL NEWSPAPER
[email protected]
Our news, our best views
Monday 25th November 2024√
√
Kakamega-Kenya
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
THREE WATCMEN MURDERED√
By Nililipa Kadeni√

It was a somber mood at Akili school when three watchmen who were scheduled to appear in court were murdered. The three had been
accused of stealing a sixty four inch television set.

26 3 Simple informal Imagine you are the Format and content should have
incident report secretary of journalism club Title- it must have the subject matter, who it is to be submitted to and the date of
(After event in your school. During the submission.
report) (2006) games trip, you collected A REPORT ON FOOTBAL CLUB'S TWO DAYS'-TRIP TO MBARARA FOR
information performances SOKOTO TOURNAMENT SUBMITTED TO THE DIRECTOR OF STUDIES ON
in various games activities. √TL
17TH MAY, 2024
On coming back, you are to √IP
submit a report to the  Introduction a paragraph
patron. Write the report. This has to give the background of event (what) necessitated the report, who were key
participants, what was the occasion, where was the occasion, how long it took in
ESIKUCHA AGRICULTURAL CLUB relation to what you are reporting.
REPORT ON THE CLUB ACTIVITIES FOR THE YEAR ENDED
√IP
31ST JULY 2024 SUBMITTED TO THE GAMES PATRON  Body paragraphs
The club undertook various activities last year. Some of them required huge
√* √* √*
The body is usually subdivided into subtitle 1 , subtitle 2 , sub-title 3 and sub-
amounts of money which the club members were able to raise.
√*
title 4 based on the various activities being reported. Thus, the main event, accident,
The following were the Key activities for the year
1. Sources of Funds incident, report etc. is put under sub titles which are numbered. Each sub title to have
The club raised 200,000/= that was required to begin a pig farm through a paragraph briefly explaining what is being reported in terms of what, when, where,
contributions by members and well-wishers. The farm which initiated is
now a reliable source of funds to the club.
description of how, why, etc.
√CP
2. Club Registration
The club was registered with “Agricultural Society of Kenya”. A
 Conclusion paragraph
certificate was issued and registration fee paid for two years. This last paragraph has to give the hope in relation to the events, occasion, incident
etc. being reported.
 Some simple event reports MAY include recommendation√*. Such recommendations
This is the report for our club for the year ended 31st December, 2024

Report compiled by,

(Sign) are always listed after the conclusion paragraph and have to be related to the issues
Mr. Shillingi Mfukoni. raised under the body.
 Signing off√SG: you have to give the compiler’s signature, name and rank under
(Secretary)

'Report Written by,'

27 3 Thank you note Imagine your friend has Format must have
(2013) allowed you to use his √
 Address - most thank you notes are written on a special card which happens to have a
discussion room to hold a
pre-printed address. That is why most book examples do not have addresses. You lose
discussion group’s meeting.
nothing by writing the address.
By the time you finish the √
discussion, the friend is not  Date on the right hand side
around. You decide to go  (if it is an official thank you letter, respect official letter format.)
home. However, you feel √
 Salutation on the left hand side with the name of the person followed by a coma.
guilty of not having
appreciated the friend.  Body of the thank you note in three short paragraphs
√ √ √
Write a thank you note to  Valediction at the bottom left hand side by stating ‘Your friend ,’ then your name .
the friend. The body of the thank you note must have
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 Rubrics adhered to e.g. any other outer format- can be fax, email etc.
√
 Introduce by giving your situational background (what the need was and where) of
√ √
thanking the person, stating what the person did for you, state when the help came
√
in, stating your feeling as you thank.
 The body has to thank the person, indicate when the help came, show how the help was
√ √
important and appreciate the helper for what you achieved.
√
 Conclude by showing gratitude to what you achieved from the help and show your
hope in relation to the success.
Use a formal sincere thankful tone.
28 3 Condolence note Imagine you Owuor's Format must have
friends. You work at Akili  Sender's address.
school while he works at  Date on the right hand side after skipping a line
Bongo Academy. You have  Salutation on the left hand side with the name of the person.
heard of his father,  Body of the condolence in three short paragraphs
Akomo’s death. Write him a  Valediction in an informal way at the bottom left hand side ‘Your friend,’…
condolence note. The body of the condolence must have
Mulo Academy,  Rubrics to be adhered to as per the question - who, to who, why.
P.O Box 23-3981,
Kamalefu.  Introduce by giving the background of your feelings after hearing of the death, name
17th April 2024 the person who is dead, foreground the death- how the person died, when the person
Dear Siperi, died, where the person died from and how you came to know of the death.
I was extremely saddened when I heard of the untimely death of your uncle,  Expressly state the condolence, give a briefly eulogy to the dead- exemplify any four
Dr. Pius Makheti who passed on last Friday in a road accident at Fucho. virtues or strength of the dead, give a specific memorable moment between you and the
Dr. Pius was a hardworking medical doctor, very religious, social and the dead, and state what you will genuinely miss.
generous. I remember how he carried out an operation on my mother during
treatment of cancer. I will miss his generous smile. Siperi, I know you as a  Conclude by giving a quality of whoever you are consoling that you believe will make
prayerful person who shall go through this trying moment triumphantly. I him or her go through the moaning strong hearted and offer some specific reasonable
offer my tents for your use during the funeral
help. (Prayerful, strong-willed)
Your friend,
Komora.
Use a formal consoling tone at start, brief and remember to be hopeful at the end. Formal
tone does not mean you be ungrammatical.
29 3 Congratulatory You have just had a Format must have
note wonderful performance in  Address of sender
Kaboge School,
your KCSE exam and you  Date on the right hand side after skipping a line
P.O Box 18-50100, have just received many  Salutation on the left hand side with the name of the person
Kabuyety. wonderful congratulatory  Body of the congratulation in short paragraphs
18th November 2024
messages from your  Valediction in an informal or friendly way- yours sincerely,
teachers. Write the message The body must have
Dear Lumiti, from your first best teacher  Rubrics adhered to such: why, to who, when or by who.
I feel extremely happy to congratulate of English.
you on …………  Introduce by giving your situational background (what the achievement was, how you
……………………………………… knew about it and where/when) of congratulating the person, stating what the person
………………………………………
……………………………………… has done to merit congratulation and stating your feeling as you congratulate.
…………………………………..…  The content has to congratulate the person, rate the person’s achievement as the best,
…….. state at least one quality of the person you think lead to the success and state how you
Your frend, feel in relation to the success.
Pius.  Conclude by wishing the person well and good hope in relation to the success.
Use a formal sincere tone.
30 3 To do list or Imagine you are a busy Format and content to have to have
reminder to student. Write your  Title with the owner’s name and date or occasion
oneself Sunday’s to do list.  Introduction- declare that the list has the thing for you to do before the end of the day
 In the body give a list of the things you will do
 Each listed item has: time/period, activity/event, place/ venue and any other
information as per the instruction.
Be chronological and in point or note form language
31 3 Instructions to a Imagine you are the head Format to have
friend prefect in your school. You  Title with the owner’s name and date or the occasion
have been selected to be  Introduction- give a background to the friend on why you can’t do the activities by
among the students to stating where you will be, state that the activities are vital and request the friend to
represent the school at a perform the for you.
function. Write instruction  In the body give a list of the things you were to do
to one of the members of the  Each item of instruction has the time, place, event/activity
prefect’s council instructing  Be chronological in instructing- never give alternatives
him to curry out these  Use imperatives language and ensure you are brief
duties on your behalf.

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32 3 Writing agenda Imagine you are the Format and content to have
(2002, 2008, secretary to the prefects’  Title with phrase 'Agenda', name of group, the type of meeting, date, time and venue
2015) council in your school. You KANYAGANENI SCHOOL
are to organize and hold a AGENDA FOR THE PREFECTS' WEEKLY MEETING
MARIA JOURNALISL CLUB
AGENDA
regional school leaders’  In the body give a list of the agenda as per the rubrics and conventional agenda items
Agenda for all members’ meeting to be held on
12th October 2024 in the School’s Taifa Dining
conference in your school. at start and end.
Hall as from 5.00 pm.
1. Preliminary
You have decided to call all  Basic items of any agenda to be included i.e. preliminary, confirmation of minutes of
2. Confirmation of previous prefects in your school to a the previous meeting, matters arising from the previous minutes, any other business
minutes
3. Matters arising meeting to plan for the and adjournment.
4. Trip to Mombasa
5.
6.
Income generating projects
Any other Business.
event. Write the agenda for  The agenda to be discussed are written with the most important one first. If not given;
7. Adjournment. the meeting. have four
Signed

Babito Munene
(Secretary)
 Sign the agenda at the bottom left hand side- signed, signature, name and designation.
 Use formal language
33 3 Notification of a Write a notification Format to have
meeting (2008)  Format of notification has:
 Letterhead- name of the institution
Imagine you are to have a
 Title of item below the name of the institution as 'Notification'
meeting on Monday to
 To:
discuss preparation for
 From:
KCES examination. Write a
 Date:
notification of the meeting
 Subject: Notification of a General Meeting.
 Signed at end
Content
 In paragraph form or note form.
 Give background of the notification
 Give the place, time, day, date, participants, agenda, any instructions
Language to be brief, formal, grammatical, simple and clear. Always respond to all issues
raised in the question.
Memo notification Format to have
Imagine you are a member  Since members are in one institution and it is from one office to the other, the format
of the Poetry Club at your of an internal memo is used:
school. The club is to hold a  Letterhead- name of the institution
general meeting on Friday.  Title of item below the name of the institution as 'Memo'
During the meeting, new  References number on left hand side: REF……
treasurer will be elected to  To:
replace the one who has  From:
been absent, the club’s  Cc:
constitution will be  Date:
launched and a new patron  Subject: Notification of a General Meeting.
will be introduced.  Signed at end
Content
 In paragraph form or note form.
a) Write a memo notifying
 Give background of the notification
all the members of the
 Give the place, time, day, date, participants, agenda, any instructions
meeting.
Language to be brief, formal, grammatical, simple and clear. Always respond to all issues
raised in the question.
Notice notification Refer to notice for the format
b) Design a notice of the  Notice call
meeting to all class  Letterhead- title of group that is meeting or name of the institution
members.  Date of notice
 Notice reference number
 Sketch to attract readers
 Parting shot e.g. ‘WELCOME’
 Contacts
 Signing- name and designation is vital
 Frame the notice
Content to have
 Write notice by declaring the host, the meeting type such as AGM, SGM,
monthly meeting, state the target participated, the place, date, day, time, rules
to observe.
 Have the agenda included or can be attached.
Letter notification Refer to official letter for format
c) Write a letter of  Address
notification of the meeting  Date
to one of the class members  Recipient’s address
who has been absent from  Salutation
school for the past two  Reference
weeks.  Signing
Content in paragraph form
 Write notice by declaring the meeting type, target participated place, date, day,
time, rules to observe.
 Have the agenda included.
Language to be formal, brief, clear and grammatical.
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E-mail notification  Refer to the format of an email
d) Write an e-mail giving a  Refer to content of notification of a meeting
notification of the meeting  Refer to language of an email
to the patron.
Fax notification  Refer to the format of a fax
d) Write a fax giving  Refer to content of a notification of a meeting- background, place, date, time,
notification of the meeting type of meeting, basic instructions and agenda
toed the patron.  Refer to language of fax
Telephone message of  Refer to telephone message
notification
Imagine you are the
secretary at Ambehi
Company. Your boss is not
present and you receive a
phone call notifying him of
an urgent meeting. Write a
telephone message you will
give.
34 4 Fax You got an SMS informing Format and content to have the following
you of the death of your  To- give the name of receiving person, fax number of the receiver (write 'Attention:' in
friend’s parent. Write a fax case the person to receive is using the fax number of an institution. From- give the
giving out your condolences. name and the fax number of the senders’ institution
Remember to quote the  Date- write the date of faxing
SMS you received.  No of pages- write the number of pages you have written
 Subject- write the subject matter of the fax
 Salutation- salute the one you are writing to
 Write the body basing on faithful interpretation of the rubrics
 Sign off with your name and signature.
35 3 Minutes (2002, Imagine you are the Format and content to have the following
2015) secretary Young Writers  Title to have the nature of meeting, group meeting, venue, date of meeting and the time
Club in your school. You the meeting started
have just had a meeting in MINUTES OF YOUNG FARMERS CLUB GENERAL MEETING HELD IN THE
(Kumbukumbu)
which all members except DINING HALL ON FRIDAY 16TH JULY 2024 AS FROM 5.30 P.M
MINUTES OF THE MEETING OF
DRAMA CLUB HELD IN DINING HALL two turned up. Of the two,  Record of attendance- as per the information in the rubrics
ON 17TH SEPTEMBER 2024.
one send an apology. The  Members present- officials first while others are written alphabetically as per the
Members Present patron also attended. You number in the question
Members absent with Apology discussed membership  Members absent with apology are listed as per the number in the question
Members absent without apology registration fees and  Members absent without apology are listed as per the number in question
planned for a party for the
In attendance
club. Write minutes me the  In attendance- give the name and designation
Min DC/1/2020: Preliminary
meeting.  Body to have the following minutes
Min DC/2/2020: Reading and  Min YWC/00/01: Preliminary- state who called the meeting to order and who
conformation of minutes.
prayed.
Min DC/3/2020: Matters arising from
previous minutes.  Min YWC/00/02: Conformation of minutes of previous meeting- state who read,
1.Min 2/2/2020- A member wanted
to find out why ………….. He was
confirmation as true record, who proposed and who seconded.
informed that ……
2.Min 5/2/2020. It was reported
 Min YWC/00/03: Matters arising from the minutes. Reference should be made to
that……… the previous minute. Each to have the last minute number, the idea which was
Min DC/4/2020; ……………. revisited and the answer given by the chair.
The issue of …….was greatly discussed.
It was resolved that………………  Min YWC/00/04: Registration fee. State what was discussed and how it was
Min DC/5/2020. Adjournment.
resolved. Words discussed and resolved/agreed are COMPULSORY.
1. It was proposed that…..
2. It was suggested that…..
 Min YWC/00/05: End year party. State what was discussed and how it was resolved
what was agreed on. Words discussed and resolved/agreed are COMPULSORY.
Min DC/6/2020 Adjournment
There being no other business, the  Min YWC/00/06: Any other Business. Give a list of what was proposed. No
meeting adjourned at 5.30 pm after a
prayer from …….The next meeting shall resolution in AOBs..
be on ………….
 Min YWC/00/07: Adjournment and next meeting- State who prayed.
Minutes confirmed by,
Chair: Name……….date…………sign…….
 Signing off of the minutes- provision slots to be left blank
Secretary: Name……..Date……Sign…….. Formal language, passive tone, correct expression, good spelling, good punctuation, apt
diction and grammatical. Consistency in the numbering has to be observed
36 Synopsis (2007, Write a synopsis of one of Format to have the following
2011) the compulsory set novel √TL
 Title - word synopsis and the text’s name well punctuated by underlining.
texts you have studied
 Body to reflect the rubrics- if it is for a set text, then you have to be factual in content
but your own book calls for creativity.
The body must have the following
√
 Sentence on an introduction of the main subject matter and then the setting of the
√
social or time setting of text
 Sentence on overview of main characters and specifically the protagonist(s) and the
√ √
protagonist(s) and how they relate in terms of social life and key contrast traits .
√
 State the main action(s) by the protagonist(s) propelling the rising action of the plot
√
and give the reason for actions
√
 State the counter reaction(s) of the antagonist to the action of the protagonist and
give the reason behind such a reaction
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√
 In a sentence, describe the climax of the conflict
√
 State the resolution in terms of who is rewarded or punished.
Be brief, preferably in one paragraph, no feelings or judgment needed.
37 4 Recipe (1999) Write a recipe of your Format and content must have the following
favorite DISH to serve four √TL √ √
 Title having the word recipe (or How to cook/fry, boil), the type of food and the
people. √
number of people to partake
RECIPE FOR UGALI FOR THREE PEOPLE √IN √
 Ingredients; is given a subheading. The specific items are to be numbered , the
Introduction √
Ugali is a carbohydrate meal that takes 15 minutes to cook. basic ingredient to come first and each must be reasonably quantified using right
Ingredients units e.g. flour in kilogram and not ‘korogoros.’ Have at least four ingredients.
√MT
1. 3 kilograms of flour  Method or procedure is given a subheading. Under procedure, the steps must be
2. 1 liter of water
numbered (if in prose, then use many connecters)
3. 1 liter of sour milk √*
4. 50 grams of butter  First instruction to start with preparation of ingredients such as peel, grate, chop,
Method rind, shell, skin, wash, sieve, sift, , mince, cut, slice, marinate, deseed, fillet, whisk,
1. Sieve the flower defrost, thaw, pare,
2. Boil the water and the sour milk at 1000c as you stir to √*
mix.  Explain what needs to be done during cooking e.g. kneading ugali, cream, stirring
3. Add butter to the boiling mixture and stir for 30 seconds. porridge, turn chapati, roll, whisk egg, mash
4. Add flour bit by bit while stirring until it hardens into
dough
 Specify the method of cooking√* such as fry, roast, bake, steam, roast, barbecue, grill,
5. Add more flour as you knead the dough. broil, boil, parboil, sauté, mayonnaise, broth, shallow fry,
√*
6. Regulate the temperature to about seventy five degrees as  Specify the time for specific steps in your cooking e.g. boil for five minutes
you knead the dough for some four minutes. √*
7. The ugali will be ready once it becomes firm, forms  Give temperature regulation needed e.g. maintain the temperature at 950 c
√*
caked remains on the cooking item and turns less sticky.  Give how to know the food is ready (colour, texture, aroma, shape)
Serving √SV
1. The ugali is served while still warm with a  Serving - state how the meal is to be served and at what temperature (cold,
complementary meal of meat stew or vegetable. lukewarm etc.) as the separate instruction after procedure. You must mention a
√
complementary meal.
NB: Never cook two meals at one time- find out if it is just a meal or a dish...
 The language must be in imperatives, brief and use words related to preparation of
ingredients and use words related to cooking
38 4 Designing Form four Literature club is Format and content to have the following
questionnaire going out for a field  Title with the name of the organization carrying out the research and the subject
research at the regional matter
(Hojaji)
drama festival. The goal of  The type of form by name e.g. Application, admission, sickness, employment
the trip is to find out: the  Introduction- sentence explaining why you are carrying out the research, the target
effects of drama on audience and a promise of treating the information with confidentiality
academic performance, the  Instructions- on how to fill, type of pen to use, parts in the questionnaire
attitude of the participants  Section for personal information: Name, age, sex, citizenship, contact, date, admission
towards drama and the number, class, dorm, stream, etc.
challenges faced by the  Section two of the form- have short answer question with multiple choices, yes or no,
participants. Design a agree or don’t agree etc.
questionnaire to be filled
 Section three- have questions with blanks to be filled by: stating, explaining, describing
during the field trip. etc. remember to draw blanks where filling is to be done.
 Content of the sections to be related to the rubric in the question
 Official use section- left blank
 Conclusion- thank the person for accepting to fill the form
 Frame the questionnaire
HOJAJI BORA HIGH SCHOOL
Scaling the Heights of Education
[email protected]
____________________________________________________________________________
DRAMA CLUB'S QUESTIONNAIRE ON DRAMA ACTIVITIES AMONG STUDENTS

The purpose of this questionnaire is to help find out: the effects of drama on academic performance, the attitude of the
participants towards drama and the challenges faced by the participants. The information given shall be treated with
confidentiality.
A) Instructions
........................................
........................................
B) Personal information
........................................
........................................
39 4 E-mail Write an E-mail to your pen Format and content to have the following
friend in Canada. In the E-  To- write the email address of the one to receive as one item. Use small letters and
mail, highlight details about leave no spaces within the address e.g. To: [email protected].
you and your family, a brief  From- write the email address of writer. Use small letter and leave no spaces
description of your locality ( 'To' comes first followed by 'From' as in the Oxford Dictionary sample)
and places of interest in  Cc.- write the email addresses of people to receive the copy of the email only if asked to
your sub-county. Send a do so. In case a blind copy is to be send, then BC is used.
copy of the email to your  Date- write the date of sending the email- choose the best style of writing dates
parent. Send a copy of the  Time: the time it was send (optional)
email to your mother.  Pages- write the pages you have used on the exam paper (optional)
 Subject- write the subject matter of the email. Make it a complete thought.
 Salutation- salute your friend by name or as per the demands of the question. Official
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To: [email protected] salutations are done using ‘Dear Sir’ or ‘Dear Madam’. Always be keen on this since it
From: [email protected] is given in the question. Start: Dear_______,
Cc: [email protected]
Date: 18th March 2024  Introduction- writes a sentence introducing yourself (position), the subject matter,
Subject: ……………………………………………………………………
Dear Chepchinda, greeting and reason for writing. Be brief here. Be brief.
Hi. How is Canada? I hope it is not cold as it was when we visited last time. I write to
highlight to you details about myself and my family, to give a brief description of my locality
 Body has to respond to the rubrics in the question faithfully. (If told to INCLUDE
and to give some places of interest in my country. another item of functional writing, it forms this body)
My family and I are fine. We………  Conclude the email by giving a parting shot or wishing the other well.
The description on my locality begins with……….
 Valediction of the email- signature is not compulsory but the name must be put as done
There are many places of interest in Navakholo Sub-county. First of all, there is the Bunyala in letters. Check the formality of the email at valediction to relate with the recipient.
Forest and Sidikho Falls. ………………………. Thus, official email will use ‘Yours faithfully,’ if you started by ‘Dear Sir,’ or ‘Yours
In conclusion,I wish you well as you plan to visit Kenya. Remember to pass my greetings to Sincerely,’ if it is official email with name mentioned as ‘Dear Fred,’ However, do not
Rosina, Anjerina, Nakhuba, Sifuna and Khavasi. use such in friendly e-mails.
Your friend,  Language has to be formal or informal (as per the question) and polite
 Frame the email
Sara Nato

40 3 Book review Imagine you have just Format and content to look at the following
finished reading one of the  Main title- usually the words ‘Book Review’ at the top
(Tahakiki)
compulsory set texts. Write  Title- write the book’s title and punctuate by underlining it
its review bringing out: the  Author- state the author’s name on the left hand side. Be factual for set texts.
plot, characterization,  Publisher- state the book’s publishing company on the left hand side. Be factual for set
themes and major stylistic texts.
devices used.  Year of publication- give the year the book was first published on the left hand side
 Page- approximate pages in the text
 Price- approximate price in KSh. Be sensible when quoting the price.
 Reviewer- state your name on the left hand side
 Availability- state the place one can get the copy.
Body to briefly look at the following in line with the rubrics
 Introduction- give an overview comment on aesthetic rating, give the sub-genre (novel,
play, short story) and the moral’s target audience for the book or item under review
 The setting- place, time (era), social and political setting of the text
 The plotline- in terms of development of key eposodes or milestones (protagonist’s
action and why, antagonist’s reaction, climax and resolution
 Main thematic concerns in the text described in a sentence.
 Link of the themes relate to modern society and what the main characters represent.
 Major stylistic devices used to communicate and their aptness
 Give any weakness of the text in terms of resolution, characters, language, length etc.
 Conclude by giving an assessment and a recommendation to others to read it.
 Language; in present tense and always go for the key scoring content words.
41 4 Curriculum Recently, in one of the local Format and content to have the following
vitae (2012) dailies, a vacant position of a  Title- having the owner's name and date the C.V was last modified e.g.
sales trainee was advertised.
WANABE'S CURRICULUM VITAE AS ON 31ST MARCH 2024√
You have written an application
(Wasifu kazi/ letter that requires you to attach  Rubrics of the question to be respected and reflected in the work eg the level of
wasifutaala) a resume. Write the curriculum education hinted at.
vitae.  Body has the following subdivisions
KAMASIA’S CV AS AT 31ST DECEMBER 2021
 Bio-data (Personal information) √
PERSONAL INFORMATION  Name√- write your full name, this is compulsory
Name Kamasia Charles Were
Sex Male  Sex√- state your gender.
Date of Birth
Nationality
18th January 1995
Kenyan
 Age√- (Date of birth)- state the date and the year of birth
Status Maried  Nationality√- state your country
Languages Kiswahili, English and Olusamis
Contact 0722146751  Marital status√- state whether you are single or married
 Religion√- indicate whether protestant, Muslim, Hindu, catholic etc.
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
2015-2019 Went to Makerer Uiversity for a Bachelor of Education Degree in English and
literature and graduated with a First class Honours. Was a student leader at the
university.
 Languages- show the languages you are able to speak
2006-2014 Went for Makonde School for my Secondary where I got a Kenya Certificate of  Contacts√- give the email or address or telephone
Secondary Education with a mean grade of A-. I WAS THE Head student In the school
for two years.  Education background√
1998-2005 Attended Khombe Primary school where I sat for my Kenya Certificate of Primary
Education and got 324 mark. I was the school games prefect in class eight.  Last primary attended, last secondary attended, college/university attended:
WORK EMPLOYMENT HISTORY specific years attended, specific institution’s name, certificate type, final
2020-Date Working at West Kenya Sugar Factory as a Plant Engineer responsible for boiler
maintenance. specific qualification e.g. Credit Diploma, First class degree, 342 marks etc.
HOBBIES and responsibilities. Most recent institution to be stated first
1. I love swimming competitions
2. I like playing club football  Experience/ Employment History
3. I like organizing for camping activities
REFEREES  Give the years (when), the specific institution worked for (where√) and the
Prof Dr. Dr. Moni Wekesa
Vice Chancellor,
position held (what) and key responsibility with the most recent job first
Makori Univeristy  Hobbies√
P.O Box 44- 78844,
Nairobi  Give at least two but related to the job being applied. Write them by
0722146751
Mrs. Eliverline Ndege
numbering and in sentence form.
The Principal,  Referees
St. Lukes Emakhwe Academy,
P.O Box 11-50100,  Give at least two- each to have the name of the referee- observe some gender
Webyuye.
[email protected]
sensitivity if possible, person’s designation in society and contacts (address,
email and telephone)
The language of the CV is usually brief
42 3 Loose minutes/ You have come to a Format and content to have the following
internal memo/ realization that there is an √
 Title with the name of the institution (letter head)
official reminder outbreak of Covid-19 in the √
(2003) neighbouring school. As the  The words loose minutes or internal memo below the title in capital letters.
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head prefect in your school, √
 Ref No. – give the reference number of the memo on the left hand side
you have been tasked to do √
a memo to all the students  To - give the target audience for the memo on the left hand side
giving them the mode of √
 Cc - if copies are to be send to some other persons, list them by designation or name.
transmission, the key √
symptoms and how to  From - give name of the writer of the memo on the left hand side
prevent themselves against √
 Date - write in full on the right hand side.
the pandemic. Write the √
memo. A copy of the memo  Subject - write the subject matter, bold and underline
should be send to the  Body has to have
principal.  Introduction- giving the background of the reason behind drafting the memo as
stated in the rubrics
 Body- answering each of the items in the rubrics of the question with brevity.
Interpret the question and give all scoring points by being specific.
 Conclude by thanking, and giving your hopes per the subject matter
√ √
 Sign the memo at the left hand side by writing of signature, name and designation .
NB: An official reminder is same to memo but has a word 'Reminder' instead of 'Memo'.
It also focuses on aspect of reminding.
43 4 Autobiography Friends Association of The format and the content to have
Writers has advertised for  Title- having the owners name and hooky statement or just some praise
(Tawasifu)
scholarships. The  Rubrics to be respected and reflected in the work
application letter should  Body has paragraphs dealing with the life history of the person placed in a creative
have your autobiography setting to bring out the following
ALSO attached. Write the write up  Your brief description in terms of name, nickname, character and physical traits
CATEGORISED about yourself.  Your date and place of birth and environment of your childhood
AS CREATIVE  Your family members, home area, ethnicity nationality and general citizenship
WRITING IN  Your family background, religion and languages spoken in relation to your
SYLLABUS childhood
 Your educational background in relation to your strength, weaknesses, role models
and your ambitions or aspirations.
 Your major accomplishment or memorable events in life, employment history and
hobbies all in a participatory setting
It must be in first person singular narration and be packed in what looks like a story.
44 3 Telegram Your sister who lives in The format to have:
Chicaco, USA, has delivered  Name of cooperation offering telegram services e.g. Western Union.
a baby girl who has passed  Name of the item: Telegram
on. Write her a telegram  Date of sending the telegram
giving her condolences.  Senders name
 Sender's address
 Recipient's name
 Recipient's address
 Salutation
 Message in capital letters: feeling (STOP) Condole(STOP) Name of dead(STOP)
Eulogy to the dead(STOP) Reminiscent with the dead(STOP)
KENYAN POST AND TELECOMMUNICATION
TELEGRAMTELEGRAM

Sender's Name........................................... Date..........................

Sender's Address:.......................................
Recipient's Name: ......................................
Recipient's Address: ..................................
Dear Ananias,
HEARD GOT BABY BOY STOP CONGRATULATIONS STOP...........
45 2 Telephone Imagine you are a secretary The format should include
message at Nyami Secondary. Longo,  Title having the letterhead of institution
a parent to a firm three  Sub-title- "Telephone Message"
student has called He  The phrase: "When you were away"
wanted to talk to the  Date: date of receiving the call
principal when he is to come  Time: time the person called
to clear fees, discuss the  To: name of person the message is intended for
boy's indiscipline and give a
 From: name of person who called
motivational talk to form
 Tel: Telephone number of the person who called
fours. Write a telephone
message you will keep for  Subject: summary of main message
the principal.  Body answering the question
 (Message in paragraph form)
 Name of one who took the telephone message
46 4 Biography Your friend is due to launch Format and content to have
a book he has written. He  Title- having the owners name and hooky statement or just some praise
(Wasifu)
has asked you to write him a  Rubrics to be respected and reflected in the work
biography. Write the  Body has paragraphs dealing with the life history of the person placed in a creative
biography you will read on setting to bring out the following
this day.  Your friend’s brief description in terms of name, nickname, character and physical
ALSO aspect
CATEGORISED  Your friend’s date of birth and environment of your childhood
AS CREATIVE  Your friend’s home area, ethnicity nationality and general citizenship
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 [email protected] ©2024 Taaluma (K) Rapid Results Revision Tool Kit (TK-3R-TK)
WRITING IN  Your friend’s family background, religion and languages spoken in relation to your
SYLLABUS childhood
 Your friend’s educational background in relation to his/her strength, weaknesses,
role models and your aspirations.
 Your friend’s major accomplishment in life, employment history and hobbies all in
a participatory setting
Language must be descriptive and reporting about another person in a story form
47 3 Loose minutes/ You have come to a Format and content to have the following
internal memo/ realization that form four  Title with the name of the institution (letter head)
official reminder class is dirty, some students  The words loose minutes or internal memo below the title
(2003) are rumour mongers, some  Ref No. – give the reference number of the memo on the left hand side
students like sleeping and  To- give the target audience for the memo on the left hand side
one student rarely takes a  From- give name of the writer of the memo on the left hand side
shower. As the class captain,  Cc.- if copies are to be send to some other persons
write an internal memo to  Date- write in full on the right hand side.
all the students warning
 Subject- write the subject matter, bold and underline
them against this
 Body has to have
unbecoming behavior
 Introduction- giving the background of the reason behind drafting the memo as
stated in the rubrics
 Body- answering each of the items in the rubrics of the question with brevity
 Conclude by thanking the readers and giving your hope as per the subject matter
 Sign the memo at the left hand side
NB: An official reminder is same to memo but has a word 'Reminder' instead of
'Memo'. It also focuses on aspect of reminding.
47 Mixed 1. You went for some four memorable trips within last month. Write:
Compositions (a) An appointment diary you had kept for the three important days and
(b) A private journal for the same days- bring out the places, time, people involved,
feelings and attitudes, vivid description of each event and moral learned.
2. You have to visit a cousin in Canada. The cousin has written to you an e-mail
requesting you a recipe of your favourite dish. Write the replies to the e-mail.
3. Imagine you are the secretary to Drama Club in your school. During the last three
rehearsal meeting, some members did not turn up. You have scheduled for a
meeting to discuss trip to Everton University and sharing of Drama club dividends.
Write an internal memo to all the members asking them to attend the meeting.
Remember to include the agenda for the meeting.
4. You have had the first meeting of Drama Club Committee in which eight members
were present, one was absent with apology and four officials were elected. You
discussed the registration of new members, rehearsal schedules and end year party.
One issue was raised under maters arising and three issues proposed under AOB.
Write the minutes of the meeting.
5. Imagine you are to hold a party on Friday. Your friend would like to join you
during the celebration. Write him an invitation letter including the day’s program
and a brief description of the direction to the venue from your home.
6. Imagine you have written a short novel or short play that you would like it be
published. Write a letter to one of the local publishers requesting them to publish
it. Also write a book review that you will attach.
7. Imagine you gave a report on causes effects, consequences of indiscipline in school
and E-mail your report and remember to send a copy of it to your principal.
8. Imagine your friend has asked you to help her write a shopping list of the items she
has to buy. Write her a letter including the shopping list
9. Imagine you have to advertise for an interclass completion to be held next week.
a) Write an advertisement for the event.
b) After the event you decide to write a thank you note to the Master of Ceremony.
Write the note.

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