C H A P T E R

16
Chemistry in
Everyday Life
A Quick Recapitulation of the Chapter
1. Drugs are the chemicals of low molecular masses 10. In the body, message between two neurons and that
which interact with macromolecular targets and between neurons to muscles is communicated
produces a biological response. through certain chemicals which are called chemical
2. Medicines are the drugs which produces a messengers.
therapeutic and useful biological response. 11. Drugs that binds to the receptor site and inhibit its
3. Use of chemicals for therapeutic effect is called natural functions are called antagonists.
chemotherapy 12. Drugs that mimic the nature of messenger by
4. Drugs are classified on the basis of switching on the receptor, these are called agonist
(i) pharmacological effects 13. Antacids are used to cure acidity neutralising the
(ii) drug action
excess acid present in the gastric juice, thus they
must be weak base, e.g. magnesium hydroxide,
(iii) chemical structure
omeprazole, lansoprazole etc.
(iv) molecular targets
14. Antihistamines are anti-allergic drugs, i.e. prevents
5. Proteins which perform the role of biological catalysts the allergic reactions such as fever, nasal discharge
in the body are called enzymes. etc. e.g. brompheniramine, terfenadine etc.
6. Receptors are those proteins which are crucial to 15. Tranquilisers are used for the treatment of stress and
communication system in the body. mild or even severe mental diseases. There are
7. Drugs which can block the binding sites of the various types of tranquilisers. They function by
enzyme and prevent the binding of substrate, or can different mechanisms. These may be hypnotic, e.g.
inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme are called iproniazid, phenelzine, chlordiazepoxide, equanil
enzyme inhibitors. derivatives of barbituric acid.
8. Drugs compete with the natural substrate for their 16. Analgesics are used to reduce pain. These may be
attachment on the active sites of enzymes are called non-narcotic (non-habit forming), e.g. paracetamol,
competitive inhibitors. aspirin etc., or narcotic (habit forming) e.g. morphine,
codeine, heroin etc.
9. Some drugs do not bind to the enzyme’s active site,
17. Antipyretics are used to being down body temperature
they bind to a different site of enzymes which is
during high fever. e.g. paracetamol, novalgin etc.
called allosteric site.
18. Antibiotics are used as drugs to treat infections 21. Food preservatives prevent spoilage of food due to
because of their low toxicity for humans and animals. microbial growth, e.g. table salt, sugar, vegetable oil
Antibiotics which are effective against a large number and sodium benzoate.
of harmful organisms are called broad spectrum 22. Soaps are the detergents used for cleaning purpose.
antibiotics, while that are effective only against They are sodium or potassium salts of long chain
certain classes of microorganisms are called narrow fatty acids e.g. stearic, oleic and palmitic acids.
spectrum antibiotics. Penicillin is a narrow spectrum
23. Detergents are sodium or potassium salts of long
antibiotics while chloramphenicol, tetracycline are
chain alkyl or aryl sulphonates or sulphates. The
broad spectrum antibiotics.
advantage of detergents over soap is that they form
19. Antiseptics and disinfectants are chemicals either later easily with hard water but their disadvantage is
kills or prevents the growth of microorganisms. The that they cause water pollution.
point of difference between these two is that the
24. Synthetic detergents can be made biodegradable by
former is harmless to living tissues while the later is
reducing the branching in their structure.
not safe. Dettol, savlon, etc., are examples of
antiseptic. 0.2% solution of phenol is an antiseptic 25. There are three categories of synthetic detergents,
while its 1% solution is disinfectants. i.e. anionic detergents (e.g. sodium lauryl sulphate),
cationic detergents (e.g. cetyltrimethylammonium
20. Artificial sweeteners reduce the calorie intake
bromide), non-ionic detergents (e.g. liquid
in the body and are useful for diabetic patients,
dishwashing detergents).
e.g. saccharin, aspartame, alitame and sucralose.

Objective Questions Based on NCERT Text

Topic 1
Drugs and Their Classification
1. Drugs are chemicals of 7. Which of the following classifications of drug is useful
(a) low molecular masses (b) high molecular masses for doctors?
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these (a) Classification based on pharmacological effect
(b) Classification based on drug action
2. Molecular masses of drugs lie in range of (c) Classification based on chemical structure
(a) ~ 5 u − 10 u (b) ~ 50 u − 60 u (d) Classification based on molecular targets
(c) ~ 100 u − 500 u (d) above 2000 u
8. The effect of analgesics have
3. Biological response produce by the drugs when (a) inhibit the growth of bacteria (b) pain killing
(a) it interacts with micromolecular targets (c) fever lowering (d) None of these
(b) it interacts with macromolecular targets 9. Consider the statements mentioned below and
(c) no interaction is possible with any type of molecules
identify the incorrect statement.
(d) it interacts with micromolecules as well as
macromolecules (a) For medicinal chemists, the drugs classification based
on the chemical structure
4. Medicines are used in (b) Analgesics kill or arrest the growth of microorganisms
(a) diagnosis of diseases (b) prevention of diseases (c) The molecular mass of drugs lie in the range of
(c) treatment of diseases (d) All of these ~ 100 u − 500 u
(d) Drugs usually interact with biomolecules
5. Use of chemicals for therapeutic effect is known as
(a) physiotherapy (b) radiotherapy 10. Following figure represents the structural features of
(c) chemotherapy (d) endotherapy O
6. Drugs can be classified on the basis of H2N— —S—NHR
(a) pharmacological effect
(b) molecular target O
(c) chemical structure (a) histamine (b) cimetidine
(d) All of these (c) equanil (d) sulphonamides
11. Which statement is not true about the classification of (c) Drugs classified in this way share common structural
features
drug based on chemical structure?
(d) None of the above
(a) Common structural feature of sulphonamides is
O 12. The most useful classification of drugs for medicinal
chemists is based on
H2N— —S—NHR (a) drug action
(b) pharmacological effect
O (c) chemical structure
(b) These always differ in pharmacological activity (d) molecular targets

Topic 2
Drug-Target Interaction
13. Proteins which perform the role of biological catalysts in 20. Drugs commonly interact with
the body are called (a) carbohydrates (b) proteins
(a) enzymes (b) macromolecules (c) DNA (d) All of these
(c) receptors (d) None of these
21. Drugs can
14. Which of the following statements is correct? (a) block the binding site of the enzyme
(a) Enzymes perform various biological functions in the (b) prevent the binding of the substrate
body (c) inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme
(b) Enzymes are biological catalyst (d) All of the above
(c) Enzymes are protien
22. The ‘site’ in the figure shown below is called
(d) All of the above
15. Which of the following types of molecule carry by the
Site
carrier protiens across the cell membrane?
(a) Non-polar molecule (b) Polar molecule
(c) Partially polar molecule
(d) None of the above
Enzyme Substrate Enzyme holding
16. Which of the following involve in the formation of substrate
structural parts of the cell membrane? (a) active site (b) passive site
(a) Only proteins (b) Lipids and carbohydrates (c) dormant site (d) None of these
(c) Only lipids (d) Only carbohydrate
23. In competitive inhibition of enzyme
17. Enzyme increases the (a) drug and substrate compete for active site
(a) rate of chemical reaction (b) drug and enzyme compete for active site
(b) equilibrium constant (c) Both (a) and (b)
(c) energy of activation (d) None of the above
(d) All of the above 24. Which type of inhibition is shown in the following
18. Catalytic activity of enzymes involves figure of drug and enzyme interaction?
Active Drug
(a) enzyme hold the substrate for a chemical reaction
site
(b) it provide functional groups
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
Substrate
19. Substrates bind to the active site of the enzyme Drug
Enzyme
through various types of bonds. Which of the
following is not responsible for the binding
interaction between these two ……?
(a) hydrogen bonding (b) ionic bonding
(c) dipole-dipole interactions (d) None of these Enzyme Substrate
 Choose the correct option. 30. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(a) Competitive inhibition (a) Non-competitive inhibitor does not changes the active
(b) Non-competitive inhibition site of enzyme after binding at allosteric site
(c) Allosteric inhibition (b) Receptor received chemical messenger
(d) None of the above (c) Receptor protein embedded in the cell membrane
25. When drugs bind to the enzyme other than active site (d) None of the abvoe
then, it is called 31. The active site of the receptor open on the
(a) activator site (b) regular site (a) inner side region of the cell
(c) allosteric site (d) All of these (b) outside region of the cell
26. Consider the diagram given below, (c) between innerside and outside region of the cell
(d) All of the above
Active Drug
site 32. Chemical messengers transfer the information to the
cell via
(a) entering the cell
(b) without entering the cell
Substrate (c) outside entering the cell
Enzyme
(d) None of the above
A
33. Chemical messengers are present at
(a) inner site of the receptor
(b) binding site of donor
Enzyme (c) binding site of receptor
B (d) None of the above
In the above diagram, the part A illustrates the 34. For receiving the messages
competition between drug and substrate for active site (a) shape of receptor site changes
of enzyme. The B part is the outcome of the (b) shape of receptor site remain same
competition. What does B indicate? (c) binding site of the receptor blocks
(a) Drug blocks the active site of enzyme (d) binding site of the receptor degrades
(b) Substrate get attached to the active site
35. Commonly receptor protein embedded in the
(c) Neither drug nor substrate get attached to the active site
(a) DNA (b) cell membrane
(d) None of the above
(c) cytoplasm (d) RNA
27. If the bond formed between an enzyme and an
36. In the body
inhibitor is a strong covalent bond and cannot be
(a) small number of different receptors are present
broken easily, then
(b) only large number of same receptors are present
(a) the enzyme is blocked permanently
(c) large number of different receptors are present
(b) the body degrades the enzyme inhibitor complex
(d) only small number of same receptors are present
(c) a new enzyme is synthesised
(d) All of the above 37. Receptors are selective in nature
(a) it bind to all type of chemical messengers.
28. Which of the following are proteins that are crucial to
(b) it bind to a particular type of chemical messenger
body’s communication process?
(c) it passes all type of information to the cell
(a) Target molecules
(d) All of the above
(b) Receptors
(c) Inhibitors 38. What are antagonistic drugs?
(d) Competitive inhibitors (a) Mimic the natural messenger by switching on the
receptor
29. Receptors help in (b) It mimics the receptor by switching on the natural
(a) communication of the cells messenger
(b) killing of the cells (c) It binds to the receptor site and inhibits its natural
(c) degradation of the cell function
(d) None of the above (d) All of the above
Topic 3
Therapeutic Action of Different Classes of Drugs
39. Which of the following compounds are administered In the above structure I, II and III are
as antacid? I II III
(a) H2 SO4 (b) Aluminium carbonate (a) Histamine; Cimetidine; Ranitidine
(c) Na 2 CO3 (d) NaHCO3 (b) Histamine; Ranitidine; Cimatidine
40. For the treatment of acidity, metal hydroxides are (c) Cimetidine; Ranitidine; Histamine
better alternatives over hydrogen bicarbonate because (d) Cimetidine; Histamine; Ranitidine
of 47. Histamines are responsible for
(a) these increased the acidity of stomach (a) allergic reaction (b) enzymatic reaction
(b) these lowered the pH of stomach (c) metabolic reaction (d) catabolic reaction
(c) these do not increase the pH above neutrality
48. Which of the following is responsible for nasal
(d) these increase the pH of stomach
congestion associated with common cold.
41. Cause of peptic ulcer is (a) Antihistamine (b) Histamine
(a) hyperacidity (b) hyperbasicity (c) Antacids (d) Vitamins
(c) neutrality (d) hypoacidity 49. Which one of the following is employed as
42. Histamine stimulates the secretion of pepsin and antihistamine? (CBSE AIPMT 2011)
(a) sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid in the stomach (a) Diphenyl hydramine (b) Norethindrone
(b) sulphuric acid in the stomach (c) Omeprazole (d) Chloramphenicol
(c) hydrochloric acid in the stomach 50. Antihistamines interfere the natural action of
(d) sodium hydroxide in the stomach histamine by
43. Cimetidine (tegament) is used to prevent (a) competing with histamine for binding site of receptor
(a) production of H2 SO4 (b) non-competing with histamine for binding site of receptor
(b) the interaction between histamine and receptor of (c) competing with histamine for other than binding site of
stomach wall receptor
(c) interaction between histamine and hydrochloric acid (d) All are possible
(d) basicity 51. Antacid and antiallergic drugs are antihistamines but
44. Antihistamines, which are antacids? they cannot replace each other because
(a) Cimetidine (b) Terfenaldine (a) both have same mechanism of mode of action
(c) Equanil (d) Nardil (b) both have different mechanism of mode of action
(c) both have used as an essential component of body
45. Histamine is a potent
(d) both create high acidic condition stomach
(a) vaso constrictor (b) vaso dilator
(c) vaso regulator (d) vaso inhibitor 52. Tranquilisers and analgesics are
(a) microbial drugs
HN (b) antifungal drugs
46. (c) neurologically active drugs
N NH2 (d) antifertility drugs
I
53. Which class of drugs is used in sleeping pills?
CN
CH3 N (a) Analgesic (b) Tranquilisers
HN (c) Antibiotics (d) Antihistamine
S C
N NHCH3 54. Tranquilisers are generally used in
N H
II (a) depression (b) severe mental diseases
(c) stress condition (d) All of these
CH(NO2)
55. A neurotransmitter that plays an important role in
Me2N S C mood changes is
O N NHMe
H (a) acetyl coline (b) dopamine
III
(c) noradrenaline (d) None of these
56. If the level of noradrenaline in blood is very low then 64. Which class of the drugs is used as pain killer?
person suffers from (a) Analgesics (b) Tranquilisers
(a) tuberclosis (c) Antacids (d) Antiseptics
(b) allergy
65. Analgesics reduce pain without causing impairment of
(c) mental disorder (depression)
(a) mental confusion (b) paralysis
(d) All of the above
(c) consciousness (d) All of these
57. How do tranquilisers control the feeling of
depression? 66. Analgesics are classified as
(a) non-additive and non-narcotic
(a) They catalysed the degradation of noradrenaline
(b) additive and narcotic
(b) They inhibit the enzyme which catalyse the degradation
(c) non-narcotic and narcotic
of noradrenaline
(d) non-narcotic and antihistamine
(c) They bind with noradrenaline and form stable complex
(d) All of the above 67. Aspirin is called ( AIEEE 2012)
58. Drugs, iproniazid and phenelzine are belong to (a) o-acetyl salicylic acid (b) phenyl salicylate
(a) depressant drugs (b) antidepressant drugs (c) acetyl salicylate (d) methyl salicylic acid
(c) antibiotics (d) antiseptic 68. Paracetamol reduces
59. Which of the following is/are example(s) of (a) blood pressure and fever both
tranquilisers? (b) only fever
(a) Iproniazid (b) Valium (c) hypertension
(c) Equanil (d) All of these (d) allergy
60. Drug which is used in controlling depression as well 69. Which of the following drug inhibits the synthesis of
as hypertension prostaglandins?
(a) penicillin (b) tetracycline (a) Paracetamol (b) Aspirin
(c) salvarsan (d) equanil (c) Codeine (d) Valium
61. Which of the following is the structure of equanil? 70. If high amount of prostaglandin presents in blood,
CH3 (a) it reduces the pain
O O
   (b) it induces the pain
(a) H2 N — C— O — CH2 —C — CH2 — O — C— NH2 (c) no effect
 (d) All of the above can be possible
CH3
71. Which of the following drug suggested by doctor to
H relieve pain due to arthritis?
N
CH3 (a) Valium (b) Antibiotic
N C (c) Aspirin (d) Ranitidine
(b) CH2
+ 72. Which of the following characteristic of aspirin is
Cl C N –
O responsible for prevention of heart attack?
C6H5 (a) Antipyretic
(b) Pain killer
O CH3 O
 (c) Anti blood clotting action
 
(c) H2 N — C— O — CH2 — C — CH2 — O — C— NH2 (d) Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandin
 73. Amongst the following which are narcotic analgesics?
(CH2 )2 CH3
(a) Morphine, heroin, codeine
(d) None of the above (b) Morphine, serotonin, aspirin
62. Valium and serotonin are examples of (c) Valium, aspirin, codeine
(a) analgesics (b) tranquilisers (d) Codeine, heroin and salvarsan
(c) antibiotic (d) antipyretic 74. Morphine and many of its homologous, when
63. Which of the following are derivatives of barbituric administered in medicinal doses, then these produce
acid? (a) poisonous effect
(a) Veronal and amytal (b) Nembutal and luminal (b) relieve pain and induce sleep
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b) (c) no effect
(d) coma
75. High doses of morphine produce is the structure of
(a) coma (b) convulsions (a) penicillin - K
(c) stupor (d) All of these (b) penicillin - V
(c) penicillin - G
76. Which analgesics are called opiates? (d) chloramphenicol
(a) Morphine (b) Heroin
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Aspirin 86. Antiseptics and disinfectants either kill or prevent
growth of microorganisms. Identify which of the
77. Which of the following tends to destroy development
following is not true? (NEET 2013)
or inhibit the pathogenic action of microbes?
(a) A 0.2% solution of phenol is an antiseptic while 1%
(a) Analgesic (b) Antacid solution acts as a disinfectant
(c) Antimicrobial (d) Tranquiliser (b) Chlorine and iodine are used as strong disinfectants
78. Which of the following come(s) under the category of (c) Dilute solution of boric acid and hydrogen peroxide are
antimicrobial drug? strong antiseptics
(a) Antibiotics (b) Antiseptics (d) Disinfectants harm the living tissues
(c) Disinfectants (d) All of these 87. Which of the following substances is added to soap to
79. Which of the following is arsenic containing drug? impart antiseptic properties?
(a) Penicilin (b) Equanil (a) Bithionol (b) Terpineol
(c) Salvarsan (d) Chloramphenicol (c) Chloroxylenol (d) Iodoform
80. Which of the following was the first effective 88. The structure shown below is of
antibacterial agent prepared by Ehrlich? OH Cl
Cl HO
(a) Sulphanilamide (b) Salvarsan
(c) Prontosil (d) Arsphenamine S
81. Antibiotics have
(a) cidal (killing) effect (b) static (inhibitory) effect Cl Cl
(c) Either (a) or (b) (d) Sleeping effect (a) antibiotic (b) analgesic
82. Which of the following is not a bactericidal (c) disinfectants (d) antiseptic
antibiotics? 89. Which of the following structures belong to
(a) Penicillin (b) Ofloxacin antiseptics?
(c) Aminoglycosides (d) Tetracycline OH CH3
83. Antibioties which kill a wide range of Gram-positive
and Gram-negative bacteria are said to be
(a) narrow spectrum antibiotics
(b) broad spectrum antibiotics H3C CH3
(c) limited spectrum antibiotics Cl H3C OH
(d) unlimited spectrum antibiotics CH3
I II
84. A was isolated in 1947. It is a broad spectrum
SO2 NH2
antibiotic. It can be given orally in case of
typhoid, dysentery, acute fever etc. Its structure is NHNH2
NHCOCHCl2

O2N— —CH—CH—CH2OH
NH2 IV
OH
Identify A. III
(a) Penicillin (b) Ofloxacin (a) I and III (b) I and II
(c) Chloramphenicol (d) Dysidazirine (c) II and IV (d) II and III
O
H H 90. Tincture of iodine is
S CH3 (a) alcoholic solution of I2 (b) aqueous solution of I2
85. C6H5—CH2—C—NH—
CH3 (c) solution of I2 in aq. KI (d) aqueous solution of KI
N COOH
O H
91. Which of the following solution is used as an 93. Chlorine in the concentration of 0.2 to 0.4 ppm in
antiseptic for eyes? aqueous solution and sulphur dioxide in very low
(a) Concentreted solution of boric acid concentrations, are
(b) Dilute solution of boric acid (a) antiseptic (b) disinfectants
(c) Dilute solution of boric acid and iodine (c) antibiotic (d) analgesics
(d) Concentreted solution of phenol. 94. Birth control pills essentially contain
92. 1% solution of phenol is (a) synthetic estrogen derivatives
(a) antiseptic (b) antibiotic (b) synthetic progesterone derivatives
(c) analgesics (d) disinfectant (c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) barbituric acid derivatives

Topic 4
Chemicals in Food and Cleansing Agent
95. The additives having nutritive value only are called 103. 2C17 H 35COONa + CaCl 2 → 2NaCl + ……
(a) preservatives (b) antioxidants (a) (C17 H35 COO)2 Ca insoluble calcium stearate
(c) flour improves (d) nutritional supplements (b) (C17 H35 COO)2 Ca soluble calcium stearate
96. Artificial sweetener which is stable under cold (c) (C16 H34 COO)2 Ca soluble calcium stearate
conditions only is (CBSE AIPMT 2014) (d) (C16 H34 COO)2 Ca insoluble calcium stearate
(a) saccharine (b) sucralose (c) aspartame (d) alitame H 2SO4
104. CH 3 (CH 2 )10 CH 2OH → A
97. Which of the following artificial sweetening agent is Lauryl alcohol
about 550 times as sweet as cane sugar? NaOH ( aq ) – +
(a) Aspartame (b) Sucralose → CH 3 (CH 2 )10 CH 2OSO 3 Na
(c) Saccharin (d) Alitame Sodium lauryl sulphate
(anionic detergent)
CO
Here, in the above reaction the intermediate A is
98. NH is the structure of (a) lauryl sulphate
SO2 (b) hydrogen sulphate
(a) aspartame (b) saccharin (c) lauryl hydrogen sulphate
(c) sucralose (d) alitame (d) sodium sulphate
99. Which of the following artificial sweetening agent is
methyl ester of dipeptide formed from phenylalanine A
105. CH3(CH2)11—
and aspartic acid?
(a) Aspartame (b) Alitame Dodecylbenzene
(c) Sucralose (d) Saccharin
CH3(CH2)11— —SO3H
100. Which of the following is the correct set of food
preservatives? Dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid
(a) Alitame, bithionol and terpineol
B
(b) Sodium benzoate, sugar and table salt
(c) Iodine, sugar and ofloxain
– +
(d) Table salt, seldane and sugar CH3(CH2)11— —SO3Na
101. Soaps are
(a) sodium salts of long chain fatty acids Sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate
(b) potassium salts of long chain fatty acids Reagents A and B respectively are
(c) potassium salts of short chain fatty acids (a) H2 SO4 and NaOH( aq )
(d) Both (a) and (b)
(b) NaOH( aq ) and H2 SO4
102. Transparent soaps are made by dissolving the soap in (c) H2 S2 O7 and H2 SO4
(a) methanol (b) ethanol (d) H2 S2 O7 and NaOH( aq )
(c) propanol (d) butanol
 +
 CH 3  (c) These are used in liquid dishwashes
   (d) All of the above
 
106. CH 3 (CH 2 )15 —N— CH 3  Br − is the structure of 110. Detergents is the source of pollution if
   (a) their hydrocarbon chain is linear
 CH 3  (b) their hydrocarbon chain is highly branched
(a) stearic acid (c) their hydrocarbon chain is unsaturated
(b) cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (d) Both (a) and (d)
(c) cetyltrimethyl ammonium 111. Which of the following is not true about a detergent
(d) polyethylene glycol molecule?
107. Which of the following is a cationic detergent? (a) It is sodium salt of fatty acid
(a) Sodium stearate (b) It is not easily biodegradable
(b) Linear alkyl benzene sulphonate (c) It is a surface active agent
(d) It has a non-polar organic part and a polar group
(c) Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide
(d) All of the above 112. Soap/detergent, which is least reduce space
biodegradable is
108. What will be the product formed when stearic acid
react with polyethylene glycol? CH3
(a) cationic detergents (a) CH3—CH—(CH2)2—CH2—CH—CH3
(b) non-ionic detergents
(c) anionic detergents
(d) None of the above
109. What is/are true about non-ionic detergents?
(a) Their polar head is neutral SO3Na
(b) C17 H35 — COONa
(b) C9H19— —(OCH2CH2)OH is ethoxylate
(c) CH3 — (CH2 )11 — OSO2 Na
(d) None of the above
nonylphenol and a non-ionic detergent

Special Format Questions

I. More Than One Option Correct (a) Norethindrone is an example of synthetic progesterone
derivative
113. Which of the following are true about receptor (b) Progesterone is supposed to suppress ovulation
proteins? (c) Birth control pills contain a mixture of synthetic
(a) Receptor protein is decomposed and destroyed after estrogen and progesterone derivatives.
removal of chemical messenger
(d) Both compounds i.e. estrogen and progesterone are
(b) The receptors show selectivity for one chemical vitamins
messenger over the other
(c) The chemical known as chemical messenger are 116. Which of the following statements are correct?
received at the binding sites of receptor (a) A very dilute solution of a few disinfectants can be used
(d) Receptor proteins are embedded in the cell membrane as antiseptics
(b) Antiseptics can be safely applied to the living tissues
114. Which of the following statements are correct about (c) Disinfectants can also be applied to the skin safety
penicillin? (d) Antiseptics can be incorporate into deoderants, face
(a) Penicillin is extracted from antibacterial fungus powders and soaps
penicillium
(b) Ampicillium and amoxycillin are synthetic modification 117. Which of the following is true about detergent
of penicillins molecules?
(c) It has bacteriostatic effect (a) It is not easily biodegraded
(d) Penicillin-G has a narrow spectrum (b) It has a non-polar organic part and a polar group
(c) It is sodium salt of fatty acid
115. Which of the following is correct about antifertility
(d) It is a surface active reagent
drugs?
118. Which of the following statements about detergent are 124. Which of the following type of interaction is
correct? possible between substrate and enzyme at the
(a) Detergents containing branched hydrocarbon chains are active site of enzyme?
biodegradable I. Ionic bonding
(b) Cationic detergents are quaternary ammonium salts of II. H-bonding
amines with acetates, chlorides or bromides as an ions
III. Dipole-dipole interaction
(c) Anionic detergents are sodium salts of sulphonated long
chain alcohols or hydrocarbons IV. van der Waals’ interaction
(d) Non-ionic detergents do not contain any ion in their Choose the correct option.
constitution (a) I and II (b) I, II and III
(c) IV and III (d) All of these
II. Statement Type Questions Type I 125. Which of the following statement are correct
■ Directions (Q.Nos. 119 to 122) In the following
regarding the function of enzyme?
questions, a Statement I is followed by a corresponding I. Enzymes hold the substrate for a chemical reaction.
Statement II. Of the following Statements, choose the II. It increase energy of activation.
correct one. III. It provides functional groups and carry out chemical
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and reaction.
Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I. Choose the correct option.
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but (a) I and II (b) II and III
Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement II. (c) I and III (d) All of above
(c) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
126. If strong covalent bond formed between enzyme
(d) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
and drug (inhibitor) then
119. Statement I Classification of drugs on the basic of I. it cannot break easily.
pharmacological effect is useful for doctor. II. it can break easily.
Statement II If provides then the whole range of drugs III. enzyme block permanently.
available for the treatment of a particular type of Which of the above statement is correct?
problem. (a) Only I (b) Both II and III
120. Statement I Lipids have coded information for the cell. (c) Both I and III (d) Both I and II
Statement II Nucleic acids and carbohydrates are the 127. Which of the following statements are incorrect
structural part of the cell membrane. about receptor proteins?
121. Statement I Drugs possessing some common I. Majority of receptor proteins are embedded in the
structural features may have the same mechanism of cell membranes.
action on targets. II. The active site of receptor proteins opens on the
inside region of the cell.
Statement II Histamine causes allergies in the body.
III. Chemical messengers are received at the binding
122. Statement I Norethindrone is a synthetic progesterone sites of receptor proteins.
derivative. IV. Shape of receptor does not change during
Statement II Ethynylestradiol is a synthetic estrogen attachment of messenger.
derivative. Choose the option with all incorrect statements.
(a) I and II (b) III and IV
III. Statement Type Questions Type II (c) I and III (d) II and IV
123. Consider the following statements, 128. Receptors show selectivity for one chemical
I. Drugs are chemicals of low molecular mass messenger over other because of different
(~ 100 u −500 u). I. shape of binding site.
II. Use of chemicals for therapeutic effect is called II. structure of binding site.
chemotherapy.
III. amino acid composition of binding site.
III. Analgesics kill or arrest the growth of micro organisms.
Which of the following is the correct option?
The incorrect statement(s) is/are (a) I and II (b) II and III
(a) Only I (b) Only II (c) I and III (d) All of these
(c) Only III (d) Both I and II
129. Treatment with antacids like Al and Mg hydroxide 134. Which of the following statements are correct about
control barbiturates?
I. only symptoms of acidity. I. These are class of tranquilisers.
II. only cause of acidity. II. Barbiturates are hypnotic.
III. both symptoms and cause of acidity. III. These are used as sleeping pills.
Which of the following is correct option? Choose the correct option.
(a) All are correct (a) I and II (b) II and III
(b) I and II are correct (c) Only III (d) All of these
(c) II and III are correct
(d) Only I 135. Which of the following is not true about aspirin?
I. Reducing fever
130. Which of the following are correct about cimetidine II. Prevent heart attack
and ranitidine? III. It induces coagulation of blood
I. These are antihistamine drugs. IV. Sleep producing agent
II. Both prevent the interaction between histamine and
The correct option is
receptor of stomach wall.
III. These prevent the excess production of hydrochloric (a) I and II (b) II and III
acid. (c) I, II and IV (d) I, II and III
Choose the correct option. 136. Narcotic analgesics are commonly used for
(a) I and II (b) I and III I. pains of terminal cancer II. in child birth
(c) II and III (d) All of these III. control blood pressure IV. cardiac pain
131. I. Drug action is based on a particular biochemical The correct option is
process. (a) I, II and III are correct (b) I and III are correct
II. Antihistamines inhibit the action of the compound (c) I, II and IV are correct (d) All are correct
histamines, which causes allergies. 137. Which of the following statements are correct?
III. Drugs interact with macromolecular targets and I. Aspirin and paracetamol are non-narcotic
produce a biological response. analgecosics.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct? II. Aspirin finds use in preventions of heart attacks.
(a) I and II (b) I and III III. Antibiotic are used to treat ulcer.
(c) II and III (d) All of these
Choose the correct options
132. Which of the following statements are correct? (a) I only (b) I and II
I. Analgesics have pain killing effect. (c) II and III (d) III only
II. Antiseptics kill or arrest the growth of 138. Which of the following statements are correct about
microorganisms. penicillin?
III. Antihistamines inhibits the action of the compound I. An antibacterial fungus.
histamine. II. Ampicillin is its synthetic modification.
Choose the option with correct statements. III. It is a broad spectrum antibiotic.
(a) I and III (b) II and III IV. It has bacteriostatic effect.
(c) I, II and III (d) I and II The correct statements is/are
133. Consider the following statements. (a) I, II and III (b) I, II and IV
I. Antihistamines supress the action of histamine. (c) II, III and IV (d) I, III and IV
II. Antacids control only the symptoms and not the 139. Consider the following statements.
cause. I. Saccharin is ortho-sulphobenzimide
III. Antacids control both symptoms and cause. II. Saccharin is excreted from the body in urine
IV. Antihistamine prevent the binding of histamine with unchanged.
the receptor. III. Diabetic persons prefer to use saccharin.
The correct set of statements is Which of these statements are true?
(a) I, II and IV (b) II, III and IV (a) II and III (b) I and II
(c) I and II (d) All of these (c) I and III (d) All of these
140. Consider the following statement(s). Select the correct statement(s) and mark the option.
I. Sucralose does not provide calories. (a) Only I (b) II and III
II. Aspartame is the most successful artificial sweetener. (c) I and III (d) All are correct
III. Use of aspartameislimitedto cold foods and soft drinks.
Which of the above statements is/are true? IV. Assertion-Reason Type Questions
(a) I and II (b) II and III ■ Directions (Q. Nos. 146-164) In the following
(c) Only III (d) All of these questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a
141. Consider the following statements corresponding statement of Reason (R). Of the
I. Food preservatives prevent spoilage of food due to following statements, choose the correct one.
microbial growth. (a) Both A and R are correct; R is the correct explanation
II. C6 H5 COONa, vegetable oils, table salt are commonly of A.
used as preservatives. (b) Both A and R are correct; R is not the correct
The true statement(s) is/are explanation of A.
(a) I is true (c) A is correct ; R is incorrect.
(b) II is true (d) R is correct ; A is incorrect.
(c) Either I or II is true
(d) Both I and II are true 146. Assertion (A) Drugs usually interact with
carbohydrates only.
142. Consider the statements mentioned below. Reason (R) Drugs possessing some common
I. Shaving soaps contain glycerol. structural features may have the same mechanism of
II. A gum, rosin is added, while making shaving soaps. action on targets.
III. It forms sodium rosinate.
147. Assertion (A) Enzymes have active sites that hold
IV. Sodium rosinate lathers well.
substrate molecule for a chemical reaction.
Which of these statement(s) is/are correct?
Reason (R) Drugs compete with natural substrate by
(a) I, II and III (b) II, III and IV attaching covalently to the active site of enzyme.
(c) Only I (d) All of these
148. Assertion (A) Competitive inhibitors compete with
143. Which of the following are anionic detergents?
natural substrate for their attachment on the active
I. Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohol. sites of enzymes.
II. Ester of stearic acid and polyethylene glycol. Reason (R) In competitive inhibition, inhibitor binds
III. Quaternary ammonium salt of amine with acetate ion. to the allosteric site of the enzyme.
IV. Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain hydrocarbons.
149. Assertion (A) Non-competitive inhibitor inhibits the
The correct option is
catalytic activity of enzyme by binding with its active
(a) I and II (b) II and III site.
(c) I and IV (d) II and IV
Reason (R) Non-competitive inhibitor changes the
144. Which of the following statements is correct? shape of the active site in such a way that substrate
I. Cationic detergents do not have germicidal properties. cannot recognise it.
II. Bacteria can degrade the detergents containing highly
150. Assertion (A) Receptors are crucial to
branched chains.
communication process in the body.
III. Some synthetic detergents can give foam even in ice
cold water. Reason (R) Receptors are proteins.
IV. Synthetic detergents are not soaps. 151. Assertion (A) Chemical messengers are chemicals
The correct option is that enable communication of message between two
(a) II and III (b) II, III and IV neurons or between neurons and muscles.
(c) I, III and IV (d) III and IV Reason (R) Chemicals enter the cell through
145. Consider the following statements. receptor.
I. Medicines are drugs which produces therapeutic and 152. Assertion (A) Chemical messenger gives message to
useful effect. the cell without entering the cell.
II. Salt’s of sorbic acid and propanoic acid are used as
Reason (R) Chemical messenger is received at the
preservatives.
binding site of receptor proteins.
III. Liquid dishwashing detergents are of non-ionic type.
153. Assertion (A) Different receptors in the body V. Matching Type Questions
show selectivity for one chemical messenger over
165. Match the class of compounds given in Column I with
the other. their functions given in Column II and select the correct
Reason (R) Their binding sites have different option from the codes given below.
shape, structure and amino acid composition.
Column I Column II
154. Assertion (A) Receptor proteins show selectivity A. Antagonists 1. Communicate message between two
for one chemical messenger over the other. neurons and that between neurons to
muscles
Reason (R) Chemical messenger binds to
the receptor site and inhibits its natural function. B. Agonists 2. Bind to the receptor site and inhibit
its natural function
155. Assertion (A) Antibiotics are used as drugs to C. Chemical messenger 3. Crucial to body’s communication
treat infections. process
Reason (R) These are less toxic for humans and D. Inhibitors 4. Mimic the natural messenger
animals. E. Receptors 5. Inhibit activities of enzymes

156. Assertion (A) Sulpha drug contains Codes

sulphonamide group. A B C D E
(a) 1 2 3 4 5
Reason (R) Salvarsan is a sulpha drug. (b) 3 1 2 5 4
157. Assertion (A) Similarity exist in the structures of (c) 2 4 1 5 3
(d) 4 3 2 1 5
salvarsan and azo dyes.
Reason (R) Linkage between AsAs in 166. Match the following columns and select the correct option
arsphenamine and linkage between N  N in from the codes given below.
azo dyes are similar. Column I (Structure) Column II (Drug)

158. Assertion (A) Penicillin-G is not an antihistamine. O NHNHCH(CH3)2

C
Reason (R) Penicillin-G is effective against gram
positive as well as gram negative bacteria. A. 1. Nardil

159. Assertion (A) All chemicals added to food items

N
are called food preservatives.
Reason (R) All these chemicals may increase or NHNH2
decrease the nutritive value of the food. B. 2. Iproniazid

160. Assertion (A) Artificial sweeteners are added to

the food to control the intake of calories. N
Reason (R) Most of the artificial sweeteners are
inert and do not metabolise in the body.
C. 3. Seldane
161. Assertion (A) Sodium chloride is added to N
precipitate soap after saponification.
Reason (R) Hydrolysis of esters of long chain Br
fatty acids by alkali produces soap in colloidal
form.
162. Assertion (A) Transparent soaps are made by D. 4. Dimetane
N
dissolving soaps in ethanol. Ph OH
Reason (R) Ethanol makes things invisible. HO
Ph
163. Assertion (A) Shaving soaps contain glycerol.
Reason (R) It prevents rapid drying. Codes
164. Assertion (A) Synthetic detergents contain soap. A B C D A B C D
(a) 2 1 4 3 (b) 1 2 3 4
Reason (R) They have all the properties of soap. (c) 4 3 2 1 (d) 3 2 4 1
167. Match the following columns and select the correct 168. Match the medicines given in Column I with their use
option from the codes given below. given in Column II and select the correct option from
the codes given below.
Column I Column II
(Drug) (Structure) Column I Column II
H
A. Ranitidine 1. Tranquiliser
O N O B. Furacine 2. Antibiotic
A. Veronal 1. C 2H 5 C. Phenelzine 3. Antihistamine
N
H C 2H 5 D. Chloramphenicol 4. Antiseptic
O
Codes
CH3 A B C D
O (a) 3 4 1 2
N
(b) 4 1 2 3
(c) 1 2 3 4
B. Valium 2. Cl N (d) 2 3 4 1
169. Match the classes of drugs given in Column I with
their action given in Column II and select the correct
option from the codes given below.

CH2CH2NH2 Column I Column II

HO A. Analgesics 1. Inhibit the growth of microorganisms
C. Serotonin 3. can be given orally.
B. Antiseptics 2. Treatment of stress
N
H C. Antihistamines 3. Applied to inanimate objects
NCH3 D. Antacids 4. Prevents the interaction of histamine
with its receptor
E. Tranquilisers 5. Pain killing effect
D. Morphine 4.
F. Antibiotics 6. Applied to diseased skin surfaces
G. Disinfectants 7. Treatment of acidity
HO OH
O
Codes
NCH3
A B C D E F G
(a) 2 1 3 4 5 6 7
(b) 5 6 4 7 2 1 3
E. Heroin 5.
(c) 5 6 7 4 2 1 3
(d) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
AcO O OAc
170. Match the following columns and select the correct
NCH3 option from the codes given below.
Column II
Column I
(Sweeteners value as
(Artificial sweetener)
F. Codeine 6. compare to cane sugar)
A. Aspartame 1. 100
H3CO OH B. Alitame 2. 550
O
C. Sucralose 3. 600
Codes D. Saccharin 4. 2000
A B C D E F
(a) 6 2 3 1 4 5 Codes
(b) 5 6 2 3 1 4 A B C D A B C D
(c) 4 3 2 1 6 5 (a) 4 1 2 3 (b) 2 3 1 4
(d) 1 2 3 4 5 6 (c) 3 2 4 1 (d) 1 4 3 2
171. Match the following columns and select the correct option Codes
from the codes given below. A B C D
(a) 3 2 4 1
Column I (b) 4 1 2 3
(Artificial Column II
(Structural formula) (c) 2 3 4 1
sweetener)
(d) 1 4 3 2
O O O
173. Match the soaps given in Column I with
HO—C—CH2—CH—C—NH—CH—C—OCH3 items given in Column II and select the
NH2 CH2 correct option from the codes given below.
A. Alitame 1. Aspartic acid part Column I Column II
A. Soap chips 1. Dried miniature soap bubbles
B. Soap granules 2. Small broken pieces of soap
Phenylalanine formed from melted soaps
methyl ester part
C. Soap powder 3. Soap powder + abrasives +
CO builders (Na 2CO3 and Na 3PO4 )
B. Sucralose 2. NH D. Scouring soap 4. Soap powder + builders like
SO2 Na 2CO3 and Na 3PO4

Cl Codes
CH2OH O A B C D
H H (a) 1 2 3 4
H H OH H
C. Saccharin 3. HO (b) 2 1 3 4
HO CH2Cl
H O (c) 3 4 1 2
H HO (d) 4 3 2 1
ClH2C O H
174. Match structures given in Column I with the
CH3 H 3C type of detergents given in Column II and
O O CH3
C select the correct option from the codes given
D. Aspartame 4. HO—C—CH2—CH—C—NH—CH—C—NH—CH S below.
C
NH2 O H 3C CH3 Column I Column II

A. CH3 (CH2 )16 COO(CH2CH2O)n CH2CH2OH 1. Cationic

Codes detergent
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4 B. C17 H35COO– Na + 2. Anionic
(b) 4 3 2 1 detergent
(c) 2 4 1 3
(d) 3 2 4 1 C. CH3 — (CH2 )10 CH2SO–3 Na + 3. Non-ionic
detergent
172. Match the following columns and select the correct option
+
from the codes given below.  CH3 
  
−
Column I Column II D.  CH3 (CH2 )15 — C — CH3  Br 4. Soap
  
(Artificial sweetener) (Feature)  CH3 
 
A. Aspartame 1. Appearance and taste like
sugar.
Codes
B. Alitame 2. Difficult to control its A B C D
sweetners while using it.
(a) 2 1 4 3
C. Saccharin 3. Unstable at cooking
(b) 1 2 3 4
temperature.
(c) 4 3 1 2
D. Sucralose 4. Entirely inert and harmless
when taken. (d) 3 4 2 1
175. Match the detergents given in Column I with their uses given in Column II and select the correct option from the
codes given below.
Column I Column II
+
 CH3  1. Dishwashing powder
  
A.  CH3 (CH2 )15 — N — CH3  Br −
  
 CH3 
 
2. Laundry soap
–
B. CH3—(CH2)11— —SO3Na+

− + 3. Hair conditioners
C. C17 H35COONa + Na 2CO3 + Rosin

D. CH3 (CH2 )16 COO(CH2CH2O)n CH2CH2OH 4. Toothpaste

Codes
A B C D A B C D
(a) 3 4 2 1 (b) 1 2 3 4
(c) 2 1 4 3 (d) 4 3 1 2

NCERT & NCERT Exemplar Questions

NCERT (b) on the basis of drug action
(c) on the basis of molecular targets
176. What are the main constituents of dettol?
(d) on the basis of pharmacological effect
(a) Chloroxylenol and terpineol
(b) Phenol and terpineol 181. Which of the following is not a target molecule for
(c) Terpineol and iodine drug function in body?
(d) Chloroxylenol and phenol (a) Carbohydrates (b) Lipids
177. Name a substance which can be used as an antiseptic (c) Vitamins (d) Proteins
as well as disinfectant. 182. Which of the following statements is not true about
(a) Iodine (b) Phenol enzyme inhibitors?
(c) Acetone (d) Terpineol (a) Inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme
178. Name the sweetening agent used in the preparation of (b) Prevent the binding of substrate
sweet for a diabetic patient. (c) Generally a strong covalent bond is formed between an
inhibitor and an enzyme
(a) Saccharin (b) Alitame
(d) Inhibitors can be competitive or non-competitive
(c) Aspartame (d) Sucralose
183. The compound that causes general antidepressant
179. What problem arises in using alitame as artificial
action on the central nervous system belongs to the
sweetener? class of
(a) It decomposes on heating and may not work well
(a) analgesics (b) tranquilisers
(b) It becomes difficult to control the level of sweetness
while using it (c) narcotic analgesics (d) antihistamines
(c) It is very harmful for human health 184. Which of the following statements is correct?
(d) None of the above (a) Some tranquilisers function by inhibiting the enzymes
which catalyse the degradation of noradrenaline
NCERT Exemplar (b) Tranquilisers are narcotic drugs
(c) Tranquilisers are chemical compounds that do not affect
180. The most useful classification of drugs for medicinal
the message transfer from nerve to receptor
chemists is
(d) Tranquilisers are chemical compounds that can relieve
(a) on the basis of chemical structure pain and fever
185. Which statement about aspirin is not true? 191. Which of the following will not enhance nutritional
(a) Aspirin belongs to narcotic analgesics value of food?
(b) It is effective in relieving pain (a) Minerals (b) Artificial sweeteners
(c) It has antiblood clotting action (c) Vitamins (d) Amino acids
(d) It is a neurologically active drug 192. Which of the following chemicals can be added for
186. Salvarsan is arsenic containing drug which was first sweetening of food items at cooking temperature and
used for the treatment of does not provide calories?
(a) syphilis (a) Sucrose (b) Glucose
(b) typhoid (c) Aspartame (d) Sucralose
(c) meningitis
193. Glycerol is added to soap. It functions
(d) dysentery
(a) as a filler (b) to increases leathering
187. A narrow spectrum antibiotic is active against (c) to prevent rapid drying (d) to make soap granules
(a) gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria
194. Which of the following enhances leathering property
(b) gram-negative bacteria only
of soap?
(c) single organism or one disease
(a) Sodium carbonate (b) Sodium rosinate
(d) both gram positive and gram negative bacteria
(c) Sodium stearate (d) Trisodium phosphate
188. Compound which is added to soap to impart
195. Which of the following is an example of liquid
antiseptic properties is
dishwashing detergent?
(a) sodium laurylsulphate
(a) CH3 (CH2 )10 — CH2OSO3− Na +
(b) sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate
(c) rosin
(d) bithional (b) C9H19 O—
( CH2—CH2—O —
)5 —CH2 CH2 OH

189. Which of the following statements is not correct? (c)

(a) Some antiseptics can be added to soaps CH3 SO3– Na+
(b) Dilute solutions of some disinfectants can be used as
antiseptic  CH3 
  
(c) Disinfectants are antimicrobial drugs
(d) CH3 (CH2 )15  N  CH3  Br −
(d) Antiseptic medicines can be ingested   
 
190. Which is the correct statement about birth control pills?  CH3 
(a) Contain estrogen only
(b) Contain progesterone only 196. Polyethyleneglycols are used in the preparation of
(c) Contain a mixture of estrogen and progesterone which type of detergents?
derivatives (a) Cationic detergents (b) Anionic detergents
(d) Progesterone enhances ovulation (c) Non-ionic detergents (d) Soaps

Answers
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (d) 11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (b)
16. (b) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (d) 20. (d) 21. (d) 22. (a) 23. (a) 24. (a) 25. (c) 26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (b) 29. (a) 30. (a)
31. (b) 32. (b) 33. (c) 34. (a) 35. (b) 36. (c) 37. (b) 38. (c) 39. (d) 40. (c) 41. (a) 42. (c) 43. (b) 44. (a) 45. (b)
46. (a) 47. (a) 48. (b) 49. (a) 50. (a) 51. (b) 52. (c) 53. (b) 54. (d) 55. (c) 56. (c) 57. (b) 58. (b) 59. (d) 60. (d)
61. (a) 62. (b) 63. (c) 64. (a) 65. (d) 66. (c) 67. (a) 68. (b) 69. (b) 70. (a) 71. (c) 72. (c) 73. (a) 74. (b) 75. (d)
76. (c) 77. (c) 78. (d) 79. (c) 80. (c) 81. (c) 82. (d) 83. (b) 84. (c) 85. (c) 86. (c) 87. (a) 88. (d) 89. (b) 90. (a)
91. (b) 92. (d) 93. (b) 94. (c) 95. (d) 96. (c) 97. (c) 98. (b) 99. (a) 100. (b) 101. (d) 102. (b) 103. (a) 104. (c) 105. (a)
106. (b) 107. (c) 108. (b) 109. (d) 110. (b) 111. (a) 112. (a) 113. (bcd) 114. (abd) 115. (abc) 116. (abd) 117. (abd) 118. (bcd) 119. (a) 120. (c)
121. (d) 122. (d) 123. (c) 124. (d) 125. (c) 126. (c) 127. (d) 128. (d) 129. (d) 130. (d) 131. (b) 132. (c) 133. (d) 134. (d) 135. (d)
136. (c) 137. (b) 138. (a) 139. (d) 140. (d) 141. (d) 142. (d) 143. (c) 144. (c) 145. (d) 146. (d) 147. (c) 148. (c) 149. (d) 150. (a)
151. (c) 152. (a) 153. (a) 154. (c) 155. (a) 156. (c) 157. (a) 158. (c) 159. (d) 160. (b) 161. (b) 162. (c) 163. (a) 164. (d) 165. (c)
166. (a) 167. (d) 168. (a) 169. (b) 170. (d) 171. (b) 172. (a) 173. (b) 174. (d) 175. (a) 176. (a) 177. (b) 178. (a) 179. (b) 180. (c)
181. (c) 182. (c) 183. (b) 184. (a) 185. (a) 186. (a) 187. (a) 188. (d) 189. (d) 190. (c) 191. (b) 192. (d) 193. (c) 194. (b) 195. (b)
196. (c)
 Hints & Explanations
1. (a) Drugs are chemicals of low molecular masses. 25. (c) When drugs bind to the enzyme other than active site, it
2. (c) Molecular masses of drugs lie in the range of ~100 u − 500 u . is called allosteric site.
26. (a) Drug blocks the active site of enzyme.
4. (d) Medicines are used in diagnosis, prevention and
treatment of diseases. 27. (d) If the bond formed between an enzyme and an inhibitor
is a strong covalent bond and cannot be broken easily, then
5. (c) Use of chemicals for therapeutic effect is called the enzyme is blocked permanently. The body then
chemotherapy. degrades the enzyme inhibitor complex and new enzyme is
6. (d) Drugs can be classified on the basis of synthesised.
(i) pharmacological effect (ii) molecular target 28. (b) Receptors are proteins that are crucial to body’s
(iii) chemical structure (iv) drug action communication process.
7. (a) Classification of drug based on pharmacological effect of 29. (a) Receptors help in communication of the cells.
the drugs is useful for doctors because it provides them the 30. (a) Non-competitive inhibitor changes the active site of
whole range of drugs available for the treatment of a enzyme after binding at allosteric site.
particular type of problem.
31. (b) The active site of the receptor open on the outside
8. (b) Analgesics have pain killing effect. region of the cell membrane.
9. (b) Analgesics have pain killing effect, antiseptics kill or 32. (b) Chemical messengers transfer the information to the
arrest the growth of microorganisms. cell without entering the cell.
10. (d) The structure is of sulphonamides. 33. (c) Chemical messengers are present at the binding site of
11. (b) Drugs classified on the basis of chemical structure share receptor.
common structural features and often having similar 34. (a) To receive the messages, the shape of receptor site
pharmacological activity. changes.
12. (d) The most useful classification of drugs for medicinal 35. (b) Generally, receptor proteins are embedded in
chemists is based on molecular targets. cell membrane.
13. (a) Proteins which perform the role of biological catalysts in 36. (c) In the body, large number of different receptors are
the body are called enzymes, those which are crucial to present.
communication system in the body are called receptors.
37. (b) Receptors show selectivity for one type of chemical
14. (d) All statements are correct. messenger over the other because their binding sites have
15. (b) Carrier proteins carry polar molecules across the cell different shape, structure and amino acid composition.
membrane. 38. (c) Antagonistic drug binds to the receptor site and inhibits
16. (b) Lipids and carbohydrates are involve in the formation of its natural function.
structural parts of the cell membrane. 39. (d) NaHCO3 , sodium bicarbonate is used as an antacid.
17. (a) Enzyme increase the rate of chemical reaction because it 40. (c) For treatment of acidity metal hydroxides are better
is act as a biological catalyst. alternatives over hydrogen bicarbonate because the former
18. (c) During catalytic activity of enzymes, these hold the do not increase the pH above neutrality.
substrate for a chemical reaction and provide functional 41. (a) Hyperacidity causes peptic ulcer.
groups too. 42. (c) Histamine stimulates the secretion of HCl and pepsin in
19. (d) Substrates bind to the active site of the enzyme through the stomach.
hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding and dipole-dipole 43. (b) Cimetidine (tegamet) is to prevent the interaction
interactions. So, all of these are responsible for enzyme between histamine and receptor of stomach wall.
substrate interaction.
44. (a) Cimetidine is an antihistamine and an antacid too.
20. (d) Drugs commonly interacts with proteins, carbohydrates, 45. (b) Histamine is a potent vaso dilator.
DNA.
46. (a) I – Histamine II – Cimetidine III – Ranitidine
21. (d) Drugs can block the binding site of the enzyme and
47. (a) Histamines are responsible for allergic reaction.
prevent the binding of the substrate or can inhibit the
catalytic activity of the enzyme. 48. (b) Histamine is responsible for nasal congestion
associated with common cold. Histamine is a potent
22. (a) The site shown in figure is active site. vasodilator. It has numerous functions. It contracts the
23. (a) In competitive inhibition of enzyme, drug and substrate smooth muscles in the bronchi and gut and relaxes other
compete for active site. muscles, like those in the walls of fine blood vessels.
49. (a) Diphenyl hydramine (benadryl) is used as an
24. (a) Competitive inhibition is shown in the figure. antihistamine.
50. (a) Antihistamines interfere the natural action of histamine by 62. (b) Valium and serotonin are examples of tranquilisers.
competing with histamine for binding site of receptor. CH3
CH2CH2NH2
51. (b) Both have different mechanism in mode of action. O
N HO
52. (c) Tranquilisers and analgesics are neurologically active drugs.
53. (b) Tranquilisers are used in sleeping pills.
Cl N N
54. (d) Tranquilisers are used in H
(i) depression Serotonin
(ii) severe mental diseases
(iii) stress condition
55. (c) Noradrenaline is a neurotransmitter that plays an important Valium
role in mood changes. 63. (c) Veronal, amytal, nembutal, luminal and seconal are
56. (c) If the level of noradrenaline is low for some reason, then derivatives of barbituric acid.
the signal sending activity becomes low, and the person suffers 64. (a) Analgesics are the drugs used as pain killers.
from depression.
65. (d) Analgesics reduce or abolish pain without causing
57. (b) Tranquilisers inhibit the enzyme which catalysed the impairment of consciousness, mental confusion, in
degradation of noradrenaline. Hence, these drugs control the coordination or paralysis or some other disturbances of
feeling of depression. nervous systems.
58. (b) Iproniazid and phenelzine are antidepressant drugs. These 66. (c) Analgesics are classified as non-narcotic
drugs inhibit the enzymes which catalyse the degradation of (non-addictive) and narcotic drugs.
noradrenaline. If the enzyme is inhibited, this important
neurotransmitter is slowly metabolised and can activate its 67. (a) Aspirin is called o-acetyl salicylic acid.
receptor for longer periods of time thus counteracting the effect 68. (b) Paracetamol reduces fever.
of depression. 69. (b) Aspirin inhibits the synthesis of prostoglandins.
O NHNHCH(CH3)2
C 70. (a) If high amount of prostaglandin present in blood it
reduces the pain.
NHNH2
71. (c) Aspirin is used to relieve the pain arised due to arthritis.
72. (c) Aspirin is used in prevention of heart attack because it
N has antiblood clotting action.
Iproniazid Phenelzine (Nardil)
73. (a) Morphine, codeine, heroin are narcotic analgesics.
59. (d) Iproniazid, valium, equanil all are the examples of
tranquilisers. 74. (b) Morphine and many of its homologues, when
administered in medicinal doses, relieve pain and produce
60. (d) Drug which is used in controlling depression as well as sleep.
hypertension is equanil. Equanil is a tranquiliser.
75. (d) High doses of morphine produces stupor, coma,
O CH3 O convulsions and ultimately death. Morphine narcotics are
   sometimes referred to as opiates, since they are obtained
61. (a) H2 N — C— O — CH2 — C — CH2 — O — C— NH2 from opium poppy.

CH3 76. (c) Morphine and heroin are called opiates.
Equanil NCH3 NCH3
H
N
CH3
N C
CH2
+
Cl C N – HO OH AcO OAc
O O O
C6H5 MKorphine Heroin

Chlordiazepoxide
77. (c) Diseases in human beings and animals may be caused
by a variety of microorganisms like bacteria, virus, fungi,
O CH3 O etc. Antimicrobial tends to destroy development or inhibit
   the pathogenic action of microbes.
H2 N — C— O —CH2 — C — CH2 — O — C— NH2
 78. (d) All these three are antimicrobial drugs.
(CH2 )2 CH3 79. (c) Salvarsan is arsenic containing drug which was first
Meprobamate used for curing syphilis.
80. (c) Prontosil is the first effective antibacterial agent was SO2 NH2
prepared by Ehrlich. NHNH2

NH2 SO2NH2
Phenlzine
N IV
N NH2
Sulphanilamide
III
H2N
Prontosil 90. (a) 2-3% solution in alcohol-water mixture is known as
81. (c) Antibiotics have either cidal (killing) or a static
tincture of iodine.
(inhibitory) effect on microbes. 91. (b) Boric acid in dilute aqueous solution is weak antiseptic
82. (d) Tetracycline is a bacteriostatic drug. for eyes.
83. (b) Antibiotics which kill or inhibit a wide range of 92. (d) 0.2% solution of phenol is an antiseptic while 1%
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are said to be solution of phenol is a disinfectant.
broad spectrum antibiotics. 93. (b) Chlorine in the concentration of 0.2 to 0.4 ppm in
84. (c) Chloramphenicol was isolated in 1947 and it is a broad aqueous solution and SO2 is very low concentrations are,
spectrum antibiotic. It can be given orally in case of typhoid, disinfectants.
dysentery, acute fever, etc. 94. (c) Birth control pills essentially contain both synthetic
NHCOCHCl2 estrogen and progesterone derivatives. Both of these are
hormones. It is known that progesterone suppresses
O2N— —CH—CH—CH2OH ovulation. Synthetic progesterone derivatives are more
potent than progesterone.
OH 95. (d) The only additive having nutritive value are nutritional
Chloramphenicol
supplements like minerals, vitamins and amino acids.
85. (c) The given structure is of penicillin-G. 96. (c) Aspartame is the only artificial sweetener which is stable
at lower temperature and decomposes at higher temperature
86. (c) Antiseptics and disinfectants both either kill or prevent
and also called Nutra sweet and relative sweetness value
the growth of microorganisms. The main point of difference
is 180.
between these two is that the former (antiseptics)are used for
living beings whereas disinfectants are not safe for living 97. (c) Saccharin, an artificial sweetening agent was discovered
tissues. These are actually used for inanimate objects like in 1879. It is the first popular artificial sweetener and is
floors, tiles, etc. about 550 times as sweet as cane sugar.
A substance like phenol in its lower concentration (0.2%) CO
behaves as antiseptic, whereas in higher concentration 1% as
disinfectant. Chlorine and iodine are strong disinfectants 98. (b) NH is the structure of saccharin.
whereas dilute solution of boric acid and hydrogen peroxide SO2
are mild antiseptic.
87. (a) Bithionol is added to soaps to impart antiseptic 99. (a) Aspartame is methylester of dipeptide formed from
properties. phenylalanine and aspartic acid.
100. (b) Sodium benzoate, sugar, table salt are used as food
Cl OH HO Cl
Preservatives.
—S — 101. (d) Soaps are sodium and potassium salts of long chain fatty
acids.
Cl Cl 102. (b) Transparent soaps are made by dissolving the soap in
Bithionol ethanol.
88. (d) It is bithional which is used as an antiseptic. 103. (a) 2C17 H35COONa + CaCl 2 → 2NaCl + (C17 H35COO)2 Ca
Calcium stearate
OH CH3 (insoluble)
H2 SO4
104. (c) CH3 (CH2 )10 CH2 OH → CH3 (CH2 )10 CH2 OSO3 H
89. (b) lauryl alcohol lauryl hydrogen
sulphate
H3C CH3 (A)
H 3C OH NaOH(aq)
Cl
CH3 → CH3 (CH2 )10 CH2 OSO3– Na +
Chloroxylenol
Terpineol Sodium lauryl sulphate
(anionic detergents)
I II
105. (a) A → H2 SO4 , B → NaOH (aq) 119. (a) Classification of drugs on the basis of phermacological
+ affect is useful for doctor because it provides them the
 CH3  whole range of drugs available for the treatment of a
  
particular type of problem.
106. (b) CH3 (CH2 )15 — N — CH3  Br − is the structure of

 
  
120. (c) Nucleic acids have coded information for the cell. Lipids
CH3 and carbohydrates are the structural parts of the cell
 
membrane.
cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide.
121. (d) Histamine causes inflammation in the body.
107. (c) Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide is a cationic
detergent. It is used in hair conditioners. 122. (d) Both the statements are true.

108. (b) Detergent formed on treating stearic acid with OH

H 3C C CH
polyethylene glycol is non-ionic detergents.
109. (d) Non-ionic detergents do not contain any ion in H H
their constitution.
H H
C9H19— —(OCH2CH2)OH O
Norethindrone
OH
is ethoxylate nonylphenol and a non-ionic detergent. These H3C C CH
are used in liquid dishwashing.
110. (b) Detergent molecules with highly branched hydrocarbon H
chain is a source of pollution.
H H
111. (a) Detergents are sodium salts of sulphonated long chain of
alcohols. HO
Ethinyl estradiol (novestrol)
CH3
123. (c) Analgesics have pain-killing effect.
112. (a) CH3—CH—(CH2)2—CH2—CH—CH3 is least
124. (d) All the types of interactions like ionic bonding,
H-bonding and
dipole-dipole interaction or van der Waals’ interactions are
possible
between substrate and enzyme at the active site of enzyme.
reduce space biodegradable soap. SO3Na 125. (c) The function of enzymes is to hold the substrate for a
chemical reaction and provide functional groups to carry out
113. (b, c, d) a chemical reaction.
Option (a) is incorrect because receptor regains its structure 126. (c) If strong covalent bond formed between enzyme and
and shape after removal of chemical messenger. drug
114. (a, b, d) (inhibitor) then, it cannot break easily and enzyme block
(c) option is incorrect because penicillin has bactericidal permanently.
effect. 127. (d) Receptors are proteins that are crucial to body’s
115. (a, b, c) communication process. Majority of these are embedded in
Option (d) is incorrect because estrogen and progesteron are the cell membrane in
hormones. such a way that their small part possessing active site
116. (a, b, d) projects out of
Option (c) is incorrect because disinfectants are harmful to the surface of the membrane and opens on the outside region
the living tissues hence they are not applied to the skin. of the
cell membrane. Binding sites (active site) of receptor
117. (a,b, d) proteins
Option (c) is incorrect because detergent molecule is not a recieves the chemical messengers. In order to accommodate
sodium salt of fatty acid. the
118. (b),(c) and (d) options are correct messenger, shape of the receptor site changes.
Option (a) is incorrect because detergents 128. (d) Receptors show selectivity for one chemical messenger
containing branched hydrocarbon chains are over other due to shape, structure and composition of amino
non-biodegradable. acid.
129. (d) Treatment with antacid like Al and Mg hydroxide suitable position, so that it can be attacked by the reagent
controls only symptoms of acidity and not the cause of effectively. Substrates then bind to the active site of the
acidity. There are basic compounds which neutralise enzyme through a variety of interactions such as ionic bond,
excessive acid of our stomach. They don't have the hydrogen bonding, van der Waals’ interaction.
capability to attack at the cause of that hyperacidity. 148. (c) Drugs can compete with the natural substrate for their
130. (d) Cimetidine and ranitidine are antihistamine drugs. It attachement on the active sites of enzymes, such drugs are
prevents the interaction of histamine with the receptors known as competitive inhibitors. Some drugs do not bind to
present in the stomach wall. This results in release of lesser the enzyme active site. These bind to a different site of
amount of acid. enzyme, called allosteric site. This binding of inhibitor at
allosteric site changes the shape of the active site in such a
CN way that substrate cannot recognise it.
CH3 N
HN 149. (d) Competitive inhibitors inhibits the catalytic activity of
S C enzyme by binding with active site.
N NHCH3
N H
Cimetidine
150. (a) Receptors are proteins which are crucial to body’s
communication system.
CH( NO2)
151. (c) In the body, message between two neurons and that
Me2N S C between neurons to muscles is communicated through certain
N NHMe chemicals. These are called chemical messengers that are
O H
Ranitidine received at the binding sites of receptor proteins.
To accommodate a messenger, the shape of receptor site get
131. (b) Antihistamines inhibit the growth/action of the changed. This brings about the transfer of message into the
compound histamine which causes inflammation. cell. Thus, chemical messenger gives message to the cell
132. (c) All given statements are true. without entering the cell.
133. (d) All statement are correct. 152. (a) Both are true and R explains A.
134. (d) Derivatives of barbituric acid, i.e. veronal, amytal 153. (a) Different receptors in the body show selectivity for one
nembutal, luminal and seconal constitute an important class chemical messenger over the other, because their binding
of tranquilisers. These derivatives are known as barbiturates. sites have different shape, structure and amino acid
These are hypnotic, i.e. sleep producing agent. composition.
135. (d) Aspirin reduces fever, pain and also prevent heart attack 154. (c) The correct reason is that the binding sites have different
because it has antiblood clotting action. shape, structure and amino acid composition.
136. (c) Narcotic analgesics are commonly used for the relief of 155. (a) Antibiotics are used as drugs to treat infection because
pains of terminal cancer, in child birth and in cardiac pain. of their low toxicity for human and animals.
137. (b) Antibiotic are used to trend infections. 156. (c) Salvarsan is not a sulpha drug.
138. (a) Penicillin is an antibacterial fungus. It was developed by 157. (a) Similarity in the structures of salvarson (arsphenamine)
Alexander Flemming. It is a broad spectrum antibiotic. It has and azo dyes exist in the similar double bonds between
bactericidal effect. As-atoms in former and N-atoms in latter.
139. (d) All the given statements are correct. 158. (c) Penicillin-G is a narrow spectrum antibiotic.
140. (d) All the given statements are true. Use of aspartame is 159. (d) Chemicals added to food items are not necessarily food
limited to cold foods and soft drinks because it is unstable at preservatives. They are used for different purposes.
cooking temperature. 160. (b) Both are true but R does not explain A.
141. (d) Food preservatives such as vegetable oil, common salt, 161. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason does
C6 H5 COONa prevent spoilage of food due to microbial not explain the Assertion.
growth.
162. (c) Ethanol does not make things invisible.
142. (d) All the given statements are correct.
163. (a) Shaving soap contains glycerol as it prevents rapid
143. (c) Polyethylene glycols are used in the preparation of drying.
non-ionic detergents.
164. (d) Synthetic detergents do not contain soap because they
144. (c) Bacteria cannot degrade the detergents containing highly have all the properties of soap.
branched chains.
165. (c) A → 2 , B → 4, C → 1, D → 5, E → 3
145. (d) All statements are correct.
166. (a) A → 2 , B → 1, C → 4 , D → 3
146. (d) Drugs usually interact with biomolecules such as
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acid. 167. (d) A → 1 , B → 2 , C → 3 , D → 4, E → 5 , F → 6
147. (c) Enzyme hold the substrate for a chemical reaction. 168. (a) A → 3 , B → 4 , C → 1 , D → 2
Active sites of enzymes hold the substrate molecule in a 169. (b) A → 5 , B → 6 , C → 4 , D → 7, E → 2, F → 1, G → 3
170. (d) A → 1 , B → 4, C → 3 , D → 2 Dilute solutions of some disinfectants can be used as
antiseptic e.g., 0.2 per cent solution of phenol is an
171. (b) A → 4, B → 3, C → 2, D → 1
antiseptic while its one per cent solution is disinfectant. But,
172. (a) A → 3, B → 2, C → 4 , D → 1 antiseptic medicines can not be ingested like antibiotics.
173. (b) A → 2, B → 1, C → 3, D → 4 . 190. (c) Chemical substances which are used to check pregnancy
174. (d) A → 3, B → 4,C → 2, D → 1 .
in women are called birth control pills. Birth control pills
essentially contain a mixture of synthetic estrogen and
175. (a) A → 3, B → 4, C → 2, D → 1 . progesterone derivatives, both of these are sex hormones. It
177. (b) 0.2% solution of phenol can be used as antiseptic while is known that progesterone suppresses ovulation and
1% solution of phenols acts as disinfectant. estrogen control the menstrual cycle.
Some of the commonly used pills contain a mixture of
178. (a) Saccharin norethindrone (a progesterone derivative) and novestrol
179. (b) Alitame is a high potency artificial sweetener. (an estrogen).
Therefore,it becomes difficult to control the level of 193. (c) Glycerol is added to soap. It function is to prevent rapid
sweeteners while using it. drying.
180. (c) The most useful classification of drugs for medicinal 194. (b) Shaving soaps contain glycerol to prevent rapid drying.
chemists is on the basis of molecular targets. While preparing this soaps, a gum called rosin is added to
them. It forms sodium rosinate which lathers well. Laundary
181. (c) Drugs usually interact with biomolecules such as soaps contain fillers like sodium rosinate, sodium silicate,
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. These are borax and sodium carbonate.
called drug targets. Vitamins are not a target molecule for Trisodium polyphosphate is an important filler added to
drug function in body. detergent powders and liquid detergents.
182. (c) Statement is incorrect because generally, a weak bond 195. (b) Liquid dishwashing detergents are non-ionic type.
such as hydrogen bonding van der waals’ interactions etc., is Non-ionic detergents do not contain any ion in their
formed between the enzyme and inhibitor. constitution. Mechanism of cleansing action of this type
185. (a) Aspirin inhibits the synthesis of compounds known as of soaps. These remove grease and oil by micelle
prostaglandins which stimulate inflammation in the tissues formation.
and cause pain. So, it is effective in relieving pain.
C9H19 O (CH2 CH2 O)n — CH2CH2OH
Beside this, aspirin has many other effects such as reducing
Liquid dishwashing detergent
fever (antipyretic) and preventing blood platelet coagulation.
Because of this anti-blood clotting action, it is widely used ( n = 5 to 10 )
to prevent heart attacks. It does not make a person addictive 196. (c) Polyethyleneglycols are used in the preparation of
as it is non-narcotic drug. non-ionic detergents. Non-ionic detergents do not contain
187. (a) Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria any ion in their constitution.
189. (d) An antiseptic is an antimicrobial drug. It tends to Reaction is as follow
destroy/prevent development or inhibit the pathogenic action CH3 (CH2 )16 COOH + HO(CH2 CH2 O)nCH2 CH2 OH
of microbes. Antiseptics are applied to the living tissues Stearic acid Polyethylene glycol
such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces e.g., − H2 O
soframicine. → CH3 (CH2 )16 COO−
Bithionol the compound is also called bithional is added to
soaps to impart antiseptic properties. − (CH2 CH2 O)n CH2 CH2 OH
Non -ionic detergent