NCERT MCQs • Agriculture 98

j Ans. (d) 49. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct

Exp. All the statements are correct as coffee needs hot about the cultivation of cotton?
and humid climate with temperature varying between (Chap 8, Class-XI, Old NCERT)
15°C and 28°C. It is generally grown under shady trees. (a) It is mostly grown in tropical regions.
Coffee is grown as plantation crop in tropical region in
(b) It requires low rainfall of about 50 cm.
the world.
(c) It requires intensive utilisation of fertilisers.
Like Brazil, Columbia and Vietnam large coffee
plantations are Brazil known as Fazendas. Arabica (d) All of the above
coffee and Robusta coffee are high quality varieties of j Ans. (d)
coffee in the world. Exp. All the statements are correct about the
cultivation of cotton because cotton plant is a shrub
47. Which of the following are the most suitable native to tropical and subtropical regions around the
conditions for the growth of sugarcane? world. It is mainly grown in tropical regions as well as
(Chap 8, Class-XI, Old NCERT) subtropical regions like Egypt, India, China and USA.
1. Highly water retentive black soil Cotton essentially is a plant of dry climate. A rainfall of
2. 75–120 cm of rainfall 50 cm is a enough for cotton cultivation but it should be
evenly distributed during the entire growth period.
3. Temperature above 30° C
Cotton plant requires intensive fertiliser application to
Codes increase productivity.
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All of these 50. Which of these regions is/are known for
j Ans. (a)
cultivation of cotton? (Chap 8, Class-XI, Old NCERT)

Exp. Highly water retentive black soil and 75-120 cm 1. Nile Delta
of rainfall are the most suitable conditions for the 2. Northern China Plains
growth of sugarcane. Loam, clay and alluvial soils are 3. South-Eastern USA
suitable for sugarcane. In some areas, it is grown on Codes
black and laterite soils. Sugarcane requires 75 cm to (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
120 cm of rainfall. Hot and humid climate of tropical
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All of these
region is good for sugarcane cultivation.
j Ans. (d)
Sugarcane requires constantly high temperature ranging
21° and 27°C. Less than 20°C temperature restricts the Exp. All the given regions are known for the
growth of sugarcane. cultivation of cotton. Cotton is grown in the Nile delta
of Egypt. Nile delta produces good quality of Egyptian
48. Consider the following statements regarding cotton. In China, cotton is produced in North China
sugarcane production. (Chap 8 Class-XI, Old NCERT) Plain. Wei ho Valley and lower Yangtze Valley are
1. It is a tropical as well as a subtropical crop that major cotton producing regions in China. Cotton is
grows well in hot and humid climate. grown in the cotton belt of USA, which is located in its
Southern part.
2. It requires temperature of 21°C to 27°C and an
annual rainfall between 75 cm and 100 cm. 51. Consider the following Assertion (A) and Reason
3. India is the second largest producer of sugarcane (R) and choose the correct code.
only after Brazil. (Chap 8 Class-XI, Old NCERT)
Which of the statement(s) given above are correct? Assertion (A) Rubber Plant was found as a wild
(a) l and 2 (b) 2 and 3 plant in Amazon Rainforest.
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3 Reason (R) The latex of Rubber tree was used by
j Ans. (d) local natives for water proofing their shoes.
Exp. All the statements are correct regarding Codes
sugarcane production. Sugarcane is a tropical as well as (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
a subtropical crop that grows well in hot and humid explanation of A.
climate. It requires temperature of 21°C to 27°C and an (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct
annual rainfall between 75 cm and 100 cm. Irrigation is explanation of A.
required in the regions of low rainfall. India is the (c) A is true, but R is false.
second largest producer of sugarcane only after Brazil. (d) A is false, but R is true.
 NCERT MCQs • Agriculture 99

j Ans. (b) j Ans. (d)

Exp. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, Exp. Both the statements (1) and (2) are correct
but Reason (R) is not correct explanation of regarding jute crop. It is known as the golden fibre. In
Assertion (A). the flood plains, where soils are regenerated every year,
Rubber is latex of a tree widely found in the tropical jute grows successfully on well-drained fertile soils.
forest of Amazon and Zaire basin. The latex of this tree During the growing period, a high temperature is
was used by the local natives for water proofing their required. Gunny bags, mats, ropes, yarn, carpets and
shoes. other artefacts are made from it. It is losing market
share to synthetic fibres and packing materials, mainly
52. Consider the following statements about rubber nylon, due to its expensive cost.
cultivation. (Chap 8, Class-XI, Old NCERT)
54. Consider the following statements about food
1. It generally grows in equatorial climate. security. (Chap 4, Class-X, New NCERT)
2. It is planted on gentle sloping highlands.
1. India’s food security policy has a primary
3. Thailand is the largest producer of rubber in the
objective to ensure availability of foodgrains to the
world.
common people at an affordable price.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are 2. The focus of the policy is on growth in agriculture
correct? production and on fixing the support price for
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 procurement of wheat and rice, to maintain their
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All of these stocks.
j Ans. (d) 3. Public Distribution System (PDS) is responsible
Exp. All the statements are correct about rubber for procuring and stocking foodgrains, whereas
cultivation because rubber is latex of a tree widely distribution is ensured by Food Corporation of
found in the equatorial climatic condition because it India (FCI).
requires high temperature of about 27°C and rainfall of Which of the statement(s) given above is/are
150 cm. correct?
Its plantations are generally located on undulating or (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
gently sloping highlands so that the water is drained (c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
efficiently.
j Ans. (a)
Thailand produced 4.37 million metric tonnes of natural
rubber in 2020, making it the leading producer of Exp. Statements (1) and (2) are correct regarding food
natural rubber Worldwide. security. The fundamental goal of India’s food security
strategy is to ensure that foodgrains are available to the
53. Which of the following statements are incorrect general public at a reasonable cost. It has made it
regarding jute crop? (Chap 4, Class-X, New NCERT) possible for the destitute to obtain food. The strategy
focuses on increasing agricultural production and
1. Jute is also known as golden fibre.
maintaining stock levels by establishing the support
2. Jute grows well on well-drained fertile soils in the price for wheat and rice procurement.
flood plains where soils are renewed every year. Statement (3) is incorrect because Food Corporation of
Codes India (FCI) is responsible for procuring and stocking
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 foodgrains, whereas distribution is ensured by Public
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Distribution System (PDS).
 09
Mineral and
Energy Resources
New NCERT Class VIII (Mineral and Power Resources), Old NCERT Class VIII (Our Eastern and
Southern Neighbours), Old NCERT Class IX (Our Resources), New NCERT Class XI (Minerals and Rocks)
Old NCERT Class XI (Non-renewable Resources (Minerals), Old NCERT Class XI (Energy Resources),

Mineral Resources to reach mineral deposits that lie at great depths. Shaft
mining is the process where miners dig straight down,
1. Which of the following is the most appropriate until they reach their desired depth.
definition of a mineral resource? Minerals that lie near the surface are simply dug out, by
(Chap 3, Class-VIII, New NCERT) the process known as quarrying.
(a) A useful substance distributed uniformly over the Minerals that lie at shallow depths are taken out by
Earth. removing the surface layer by the process of open-cast
(b) A complex substance which can be extracted by mining.
special machines.
3. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(c) A naturally formed substance which has a definite
(Chap 4, Class-XI, Old NCERT)
chemical composition.
(a) Iron can be extracted from the ores of haematite,
(d) A natural substance formed by chemical reaction
magnetite and limonite.
inside the Earth.
(b) Impurities can be removed from iron ores by the
j Ans. (c) process of smelting.
Exp. Statement (c) shows the most appropriate (c) Alloys of iron can be obtained by mixing metals such
definition of a mineral resource. A naturally formed as manganese and vanadium.
inorganic substance which has a definite chemical (d) All of the above
composition is known as mineral resources. Minerals
are not evenly distributed over the Earth, they are j Ans. (d)
concentrated in a particular area or rock formations. Exp. All the given statements are correct because the
percentage of pure iron varies in different forms of
2. Minerals that are found at greater depths can be iron ore. Some of the iron ores are magnetite,
obtained by which of the following processes? haematite, limonite and siderite. Iron is obtained from
(Chap 3, Class-VIII, New NCERT) ores of magnetite, haematite and limonite.
(a) Quarrying (b) Open-cast mining There are many types of impurities present in iron ore.
(c) Shaft mining (d) None of these These impurities can be removed by the process of
smelting to improve the quality of iron.
j Ans. (c)
Alloy, metallic substance composed of two or more
Exp. By shaft mining, minerals can be obtained that are elements. Iron alloys can be obtained by mixing metals
found at greater depths. Deep bores (shafts) are made like manganese, nickel and vanadium.
 NCERT MCQs • Mineral and Energy Resources 101

4. Which of the given pairs is/are not matched an open-pit mine. Germany is the important producer
correctly? (Chap 4, Class-XI, Old NCERT) of iron.
Siegen In Germany, iron ore deposits are found in the
Iron Ore region Country
Siegen regions. Iron mining is also done here.
(a) Karaganda – Kazakhstan
Liaoning In China, iron are deposits are found in
(b) Mesabi – USA Liaoning province. Some other Iron ore rich regions of
(c) Schefferville – Canada China are Sichuan, Hebei, Mongolia and Shanxi.
(d) Kiruna – Germany
j Ans. (d) 7. Which of the following countries has the largest
iron ore reserves in the world?
Exp. Pair (d) is not matched correctly because the
(Chap 4, Class-XI, Old NCERT)
Kiruna mine is the largest and most modern
underground iron ore mine in the world. The mine is (a) France (b) India (c) Australia (d) USA
located in Kiruna in Norrbotten County, Lapland, j Ans. (c)
Sweden. Kiruna mine has been in operation since 1900. Exp. Australia has largest reserves of iron ore reserves
in the world, with an estimated 48 billion tonnes
5. Lorraine, Normandy and Pyrenees are the identified as of 2019. Australia has about 28% of the
important iron ore mining regions located in world’s iron ore reserves in 2021.
which of the following countries? Brazil has the second largest reserves of iron ore in the
(Chap 4, Class-XI, Old NCERT) world. Brazil has about 17% of the world’s iron ore
(a) United Kingdom (b) France reserves in 2021.
(c) USA (d) Russia
8. Which of the following is not an ore of copper?
j Ans. (b) (Chap 4, Class-XI, Old NCERT)
Exp. Lorraine, Normandy and Pyrenees are the (a) Cuprite (b) Malachite
important iron ore mining regions located in France. (c) Chalcocite (d) Lignite
The iron ore deposits in the Lorraine region of France
j Ans. (d)
are the second in Europe. The world’s top five iron ore
producing countries are Australia, Brazil, India, China Exp. Lignite is not an ore of copper while it is an ore of
and Russia. coal. It is a soft, brown, combustible, sedimentary rock
formed from naturally compressed peat.
6. Match the following lists correctly and choose the It has carbon content around 25–35% and is considered
correct code. (Chap 4, Class-XI, Old NCERT) the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat
content. Cuprite, malachite and chalcocite are an ore
List I List II
(Iron Ore mining ) (Country)
of copper.

A. Pilbara 1. Brazil 9. Which of the given copper mining regions and

B. Carajas 2. China countries is/are matched correctly?
(Chap 4, Class-XI, Old NCERT)
C. Siegen 3. Australia Copper Mine Country
D. Liaoning 4. Germany (a) Sudbury – Canada
(b) Katanga – Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Codes (c) Montana – USA
A B C D A B C D (d) All of the above
(a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 1 3 2 4
(c) 2 1 3 4 (d) 3 1 4 2 j Ans. (d)
Exp. All the given pairs are correctly matched because
j Ans. (d)
Canada has an important place in the production of
Exp. The correct matching is A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2. copper. Copper mines in Canada are located at
Pilbara It is the important iron ore mining regions Sudbury in the district of Ontario and at Quebec.
located in Australia. Australia is an important producer Zaire and Zambia are the main producers of copper in
and exporter of iron ore. Iron ore deposits in Australia Africa. The Katanga copper deposit area is the main
are found in the Western region. copper producing district of Zaire. The copper mining
Carajas The Carajas mine is the largest iron ore mine in area in USA is towards the West. Arizona is the main
the world. It is located in the Carajas mountains of the producing state in the USA. In the USA, in addition to
Para district of Northern Brazil. The mine is operated as Montana, copper is also mined in state of Arizona.
 NCERT MCQs • Mineral and Energy Resources 102

10. Which of the following statements is/are incorrect Codes

regarding natural gas? (Chap 5, Class-XI, Old NCERT) (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
1. Natural gas is used as a source of energy as well as (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
an industrial raw material in the petrochemical j Ans. (b)
industry. Exp. Only statement (2) is correct because bauxite is
2. Natural gas is not an environment friendly. the principal ore of aluminium. It is a rock largely
3. The power and fertiliser industries are the key composed of a mixture of hydrogen aluminium oxide.
users of natural gas. Australia is the world’s largest producer of bauxite.
Codes Australia produced the largest amount of bauxite in the
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (c) Only 2 (d) Only 3 world in 2020. Australia produced 110 million metric
tonnes of bauxite in 2020.
j Ans. (c)

Exp. Statement (2) is incorrect regarding natural gas 13. Which of the following statements is/are correct
because it is considered as environment friendly fuel regarding tin? (Chap 3, Class-VIII, New NCERT)
due to low carbon dioxide emissions. Natural gas is (UPPSC Pre 2010)
used as a source of energy as well as industrial raw 1. China is the largest tin producing country in the
material in the petrochemical industry. The power and world.
fertiliser industries are the key users of natural gas. 2. Tin ore is also known as cassiterite.
11. Consider the following statements regarding Codes
petroleum oil. (Chap 5, Class-XI, Old NCERT) (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
1. Most of the petroleum occurrences in India are (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
associated with anticlines and fault traps in the j Ans. (c)
rock formations of the tertiary age. Exp. Both the statements (1) and (2) are correct
2. It provides fuel for heat and lighting, lubricants regarding tin because China is the largest tin producing
for machinery and raw materials for a number of country in the world. China is by far the world’s largest
manufacturing industries. market for tin.
3. Petroleum refineries act as a ‘nodal industry’ for The production of refined tin in China in 2020 was
synthetic textile, fertiliser and numerous chemical about 2,03,000 metric tonnes. The ore of tin is known as
industries. cassiterite.
Which of the statements given above are correct? 14. Which of the given minerals can be extracted
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 3 and 1 (d) 1, 2 and 3 from the Western Cordilleras in North America?
j Ans. (d) (Chap 3, Class-VIII, New NCERT)
Exp. All the statements (1), (2) and (3) are correct (a) Zinc (b) Silver
regarding petroleum oil. Petroleum, (often known as (c) Copper (d) All of these
mineral oil), is India’s secondmost important energy j Ans. (d)
source. It offers heat and illumination, as well as
lubricants for machinery and raw materials for a variety Exp. Zinc, silver and copper can be extracted from the
of businesses. Petrochemical refineries serve as a ‘nodal Western cordilleras in North America.
industry’ for the synthetic textile, fertiliser and The mineral deposits in North America are located in
chemical sectors. Most of the petroleum occurrences in three zones i.e., the Canadian region North of the
India are associated with anticlines and fault traps in Great Lakes, the Appalachian region and the mountain
the rock formations of the tertiary age. ranges of the West. Western Cordilleras or mountain
In regions of folding, anticlines or domes, it occurs ranges have vast deposits of copper, lead, zinc, gold
where oil is trapped in the crest of the upfold. The and silver.
oil-bearing layer is a porous limestone or sandstone
15. Major deposits of gold are found in which of the
through which oil may flow.
following countries of Africa?
12. Which of the following statements is/are correct? (Chap 3, Class-VIII, New NCERT)
(Chap 4, Class-XI, Old NCERT) (UPPSC Pre 2015) (a) Egypt (b) Zaire
1. USA is the largest producer of bauxite. (c) South Africa (d) Both ‘b’ and ‘c’
2. Bauxite is an ore of aluminium. j Ans. (d)
 NCERT MCQs • Mineral and Energy Resources 103

Exp. Major deposits of gold found in Zaire, South Kalewa Township is a township of Kale district in
Africa and Zimbabwe. South Africa, Zimbabwe and Sagaing Division of Myanmar. Coal mines is located in
Zaire produce a large portion of the world’s gold. Kalewa region in Myanmar.
Africa is rich in mineral resources. Africa is the world’s Myanmar is rich in minerals including metal ores,
largest producer of diamonds, gold and platinum. petroleum and natural gas. Mineral oil is found in the
While gold deposit is not found in Egypt. Irrawaddy river valley in Myanmar.

16. Which of the given pair is incorrectly matched? 18. Which of the following do not contains silver?
(Chap 4, Class-XI, Old NCERT) (Chap 5, Class-XI, New NCERT) (IAS Pre 2007)
(a) Horn silver
List I List II
(Bauxite Mining ) (Region) (b) German silver
(a) Arkansas USA
(c) Ruby silver
(d) Lunar caustic
(b) Weipa Australia
j Ans. (b)
(c) Guinea Africa
Exp. German silver do not contains silver. It is also
(d) Henan Oman known as Nickel silver, New silver, Alpacca, etc. It is a
j Ans. (d)
copper alloy with nickel and often zinc. The usual
formulation is 60% copper, 20% nickel and 20% zinc. It
Exp. Pair (d) is incorrectly matched. Henan is a bauxite is named for its silvery appearance but it contains no
mining region located in Norway. silver element.
In USA, bauxite is mainly extracted from Arkansas,
Georgia and Alabama. Bauxite was first mined in Energy Resources
Arkansas as an ore of metallic aluminium in 1896. In
Australia, bauxite is produced in Weipa in the East of 19. Which of the following is the highest quality coal?
the Carpentaria Bay. (Chap 5, Class-XI, Old NCERT)
Weipa bauxite operation exports over 30 million tonnes (a) Bituminous (b) Anthracite
of bauxite annually. In Africa, Guinea is the world’s (c) Lignite (d) Brown Coal
largest reserves of bauxite. Guinea is one of the largest
producers of bauxite in Africa. j Ans. (b)

Exp. Among the given options, anthracite is the highest

17. Match the following lists correctly and choose the quality coal. Anthracite is a hard variety of coal with a
correct code. (Chap 9, Class-VIII, Old NCERT) submetallic luster. It has the highest carbon content
nearly 95%, fewest impurities and highest energy
List I (Minerals ) List II (Found in)
density of all types of coal.
A. Precious stones 1. Tanintharyi Other options such as bituminous, lignite and brown
B. Tungsten 2. Irrawaddy Valley coal are lower quality coal.
C. Coal 3. Kalewa
20. Which among the following types of coal has high
D. Mineral oil 4. Shan Plateau proportion of vegetal matter and burns with
Codes smoky flames? (Chap 5, Class-XI, Old NCERT)

A B C D A B C D (a) Anthracite Coal (b) Bituminous Coal

(a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 4 1 3 2 (c) Lignite Coal (d) Peat
(c) 3 1 2 4 (d) 1 2 4 3 j Ans. (c)
j Ans. (b) Exp. Lignite coal has high proportion of vegetal matter
Exp. The correct matching is A-4 B-1 C-3 D-2. (45% to 70%) and burns with smoky flames. Its colour is
The Shan Plateau lies in the Eastern part of Myanmar brown. During the burning of lignite coal, long smoky
and is part of the Indo Malayan mountain system. The flames come out. Lignite coal was originated after
plateau is the country’s main source of lead, zinc, bituminous coal, so it has more vegetation content.
precious stones and silver and is home to major teak Other options are incorrect because less smoke is
forests. emitted when burning anthracite coal. Bituminous coal
Myanmar is rich in mineral resources. Tungsten, has less proportion of vegetal matter. Peat coal has the
chromium and nickel minerals found in Tanintharyi lowest carbon content. It is the lowest form of coal.
region in Myanmar.
 NCERT MCQs • Mineral and Energy Resources 104

21. Arrange the following types of coal in increasing Exp. Statement (2) and (3) are the reasons due to which
order of their quality in terms of carbon content, India imports millions of tonnes of coal despite having
with the help of codes given below. large reserves. India imports around 300-400 million
(Chap 5, Class-XI, Old NCERT)
tonnes of coal primarily from Indonesia, Australia and
South Africa.
1. Peat 2. Lignite
The lack of coking coal reserves that are used as a row
3. Anthracite 4. Bituminous material in power plant, steel plants and other allied
Codes industries is the main reason that India imports coal.
(a) 1-4-3-2 (b) 2-1-4-3 (c) 1-4-3-2 (d) 1-2-4-3 Statement (1) is not the reason because the imports are
j Ans. (d) mainly to compensate for the lack of good quality coal,
its not the policy of India to save its own coal reserves
Exp. The increasing order of coal of their quality in
for the future.
terms of carbon content is peat coal, lignite coal,
bituminous coal and anthracite coal. 24. Match the following lists correctly and choose the
Anthracite contains 86% to 97% carbon. Anthracite coal correct code. (Chap 5, Class-XI, Old NCERT)
has the highest heating value of all ranks of coal.
Bituminous coal contains 70% to 90% carbon. It has a List I List II
lower heating value than anthracite coal. (Coal Mining Region ) (Country)
Lignite coal typically contains 45% to 70% carbon, and it A. Jiangsu and Kailuan 1. China
has a lower heating value than bituminous coal. B. Wyoming and Colorado 2. Russia
Peat coal contains 25% to 35% carbon and it has the C. Kuznetsk Basin 3. USA
lowest energy content of all coal ranks.
D. Donetsk Basin 4. Ukraine
22. Which of the following countries is the largest
producer of coal in the world? Codes
(Chap 5, Class-XI, Old NCERT) (MPPSC Pre 2010) A B C D A B C D
(a) USA (b) India (c) China (d) Russia (a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 1 3 2 4
(c) 2 4 1 3 (d) 4 1 2 3
j Ans. (c)
j Ans. (b)
Exp. China is the largest producer of coal in the world.
China produced about 47% of the world’s total coal Exp. The correct matching is A-1 B-3 C-2 D-4.
production in 2019. Jiangsu and Kailuan These are mining regions are
Other options are incorrect because USA is the third located in China. Here, coal is also mined from Datang,
largest coal producing country in the world. India is the Shatang and Manchuria regions.
second largest coal producing country in the world and Wyoming and Colorado These are major coal mining
Russia is the sixth largest coal producing country in the regions located in USA. In USA, coal is mined mainly
world. from illinois, Utah and Arizona regions.
Kuznetsk Basin It is the main coal-producing regions in
23. Despite having large reserves of coal, why does Russia. Here, the layer of coal is close to surface that is
India import millions of tonnes of coal? why open mining is done here.
(Chap 5, Class-XI, Old NCERT) (IAS Pre 2012) Donetsk Basin It is the large coal mining region in the
1. It is the policy of India to save its own coal Eastern Ukraine.
reserves for the future, and import it from other
countries for the present use.
25. Which of the following statements is/are correct
about mineral oil? (Chap 5, Class-XI, Old NCERT)
2. Most of the power plants in India are coal based
and they are not able to get sufficient supplies of (a) Mineral oil is a more versatile source of energy than
coal from within the country. coal.
3. Steel companies need a large quantity of coking (b) It can be used in the manufacturing of chemical
coal which has to be imported. fertilisers and insecticides.
(c) Mineral oil is found together with the deposits of
Codes
natural gas.
(a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3
(d) All of the above
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
j Ans. (d)
j Ans. (b)
 NCERT MCQs • Mineral and Energy Resources 105

Exp. All the given statements are correct about mineral j Ans. (c)
oil. In the present time, the importance of mineral oil is Exp. Among the given options, Uranium is generally
huge. Mineral oil has more energy providing capacity mined from Lake Athabasca and Colorado Plateau.
than coal. Uranium is produced in Canada at the Northern end of
Mineral oil is a more versatile source of energy than Lake Athabasca and around Great Bear Lake. Uranium
coal. Mineral oil is used to run the means of transport, deposits exist on the Colorado Plateau of the United
to make chemical fertilisers and insecticides. Generally, States. Uranium is also mined here.
deposit of natural gas is also found in the area where Canada and the USA are the leading states in the
mineral oil is found. production of uranium. While Uranium is not mined in
the Volga basin and the Maykop region.
26. The mineral which has earned fame to Chile is
(Chap 5, Class-XI, Old NCERT) (RAS Pre 2010) 30. Which of the following statements is/are correct
(a) Gold (b) Manganese regarding thorium? (Chap 5, Class-XI, Old NCERT)
(c) Nitrate (d) Mineral oil 1. Main mineral sources of thorium are thorianite,
j Ans. (c) allanite and monazite.
Exp. The mineral which has earned fame to Chile is 2. Chalcocite is an important thorium ore.
Nitrate. In its natural form, Nitrate is found at a wider Codes
scale in Chile and Peru. Atacama desert located in (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
North Chile has the largest source of Nitrate. (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
27. Which of the following is the topmost mineral oil j Ans. (a)
producing country in the world? Exp. Statement (1) is correct regarding thorium
(Chap 5, Class-XI, Old NCERT) because the main mineral sources of thorium are
(a) China (b) Saudi Arabia thorianite, allanite and monazite. Allanite is a brown
(c) USA (d) Russia and black mineral found in granite rocks. Monazite is
the main source of thorium in the world. It is a yellowish
j Ans. (c) brown mineral, a composite of granite and pegmatite.
Exp. United States of America is the topmost oil Statement (2) is incorrect because Chalcocite is an
producing country in the world, with an average of 18.6 important copper ore mineral.
million Barrels per day, which accounts for 20% of the
world’s production. 31. Biogas is an important non-polluting source of
Other options are incorrect because China is the fifth energy. Which of the following can be used to
most oil producing country in the world. Saudi Arabia is produce biogas? (Chap 3, Class-VIII, New NCERT)
the second most oil producing country in the world and (a) Electronic waste (b) Organic waste
Russia is the third most oil producing country in the
(c) Plastic waste (d) All of these
world.
j Ans. (b)
28. Which of the following is an ore of uranium? Exp. Among the given options, organic waste can be
(Chap 5, Class-XI, Old NCERT) used to produce biogas. It is an important non-polluting
(a) Ilmenite (b) Cuprite source of energy. Organic waste such as dead plant and
(c) Pitchblende (d) Goethite animal material, animal dung and kitchen waste can be
converted into a gaseous fuel called biogas. The organic
j Ans. (c) waste is decomposed by bacteria in biogas digesters to
Exp. Pitchblende is an ore of uranium. Pitchblende emit biogas which is essentially a mixture of methane
contains 50% to 80% of uranium content. Uranium is a and carbon dioxide.
very dense metal which can be used as an abundant While electronic waste and plastic waste are not
source of concentrated energy. non-polluting source of energy.
29. Uranium is generally mined from which of the 32. Consider the following statements about solar
following regions? (Chap 5, Class-XI, Old NCERT) energy. (Chap 5, Class-XI, Old NCERT)
1. Lake Athabasca 2. Colorado Plateau 1. USA is the top solar energy producing country in
3. Volga Basin 4. Maykop the world.
Codes 2. The installed solar energy capacity of India is
(a) 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 3 (c) 1 and 2 (d) All of these 44.3 GW.
 NCERT MCQs • Mineral and Energy Resources 106

Which of the statements given above is/are not 36. Which of the following techniques can be most
incorrect? helpful in conservation of mineral resources on
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 the Earth? (Chap 5, Class-XI, Old NCERT)
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 1. Recycling of metallic minerals
j Ans. (a) 2. Efficient utilisation transport infrastructure
Exp. Statement (1) is incorrect about solar energy 3. Shifting to non-conventional energy resources
because China is the top solar energy producing 4. Plantation of trees on barren lands
country in the world.
Codes
China leads the world as top producer of solar power by
installing over 30.1 GW of photovoltaic capacity in 2019. (a) 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 3 and 4
USA is the second largest solar energy producing (c) 1 and 3 (d) All of these
country in the world. j Ans. (c)
33. Which of the following countries is the leading Exp. Techniques mentioned in statements (1) and (3)
producer of hydropower in the world? can be most helpful in conservation of mineral
resources on the Earth because mineral resources are
(Chap 5, Class-XI, Old NCERT)
exhaustible resources. Therefore, it is necessary to
(a) Japan (b) China (c) USA (d) Brazil protect them.
j Ans. (b) It is also possible to conserve minerals by re-using
Exp. China is the world’s largest producer of metals. Recycling of some metals can also save their
hydroelectricity or hydropower in the world with a total reserves.
capacity of 341.1GW in 2017. China operates three of Mineral resources can also be conserving by promoting
the world’s ten biggest hydroelectric power plants. the use of non-conventional energy resources like bio
Canada is the second largest hydropower producing gas, tidal energy, wind or solar power, etc.
country. Techniques mentioned in statements (2) and (4) will not
be helpful because efficient utilisation transport
34. Which of the following countries was the first one infrastructure and plantation of trees on barren lands are
to establish a tidal energy station? not helpful for conservation of mineral resources.
(Chap 3, Class-VIII, New NCERT)
(a) Russia (b) France (c) Germany (d) India
37. Which of the following statements is/are correct
regarding bio-energy? (Chap 7, Class-XI, New NCERT)
j Ans. (b)
1. Energy obtained from biological products, such as
Exp. Among the given options, the first country to agricultural residues, municipal, industrial, and
establish tidal energy station was France where tidal
other wastes, is referred to as bio-energy.
power station was built in 1966. This tidal power station
is located in Brittany at the mouth of the river Rance. 2. Bio-energy is a potential source of energy
conversion. It can be converted into electrical
35. Which of the following statements is/are correct energy, heat energy or gas for cooking. It will also
about geothermal energy? process the waste and garbage and produce energy.
(Chap 3, Class-VIII, New NCERT) Codes
(a) It can be harnessed naturally in the form of hot (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
springs. (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(b) It is a non-polluting source of energy. j Ans. (c)
(c) It can be used to generate electrical power.
Exp. Both the statements (1) and (2) are correct
(d) All of the above regarding bio-energy. Energy obtained from biological
j Ans. (d) products, such as agricultural residues, municipal,
Exp. All the statements are correct about geothermal industrial, and other wastes, is referred to as
energy as this type of energy itself can come to the bio-energy. It can be used to generate electricity, heat,
surface in the form of hot springs. Geothermal energy or gas for cooking.
captures the heat from two to three kilometres under It will also process and generate electricity from waste
the Earth’s surface. and garbage. This would improve the economic
It is a non-polluting and environment-friendly well-being of rural communities in developing
renewable energy source. Geothermal energy can be countries, reduce pollution, increase self-sufficiency and
used to generate electricity power. reduce the demand for fuel wood.
 10
Industries
New NCERT Class VIII (Industries), Old NCERT Class XI (Location of Industries and Major Industries
of the World), New NCERT Class XII (Secondary Activities, Tertiary and Quaternary Activities)

Manufacturing Sector Exp. All the given statements correctly describe a

modern large scale industry. Large scale industries
1. Which of the following statements is/are correct produce large quantities of standardised products with
with reference to cottage industry? the repetition of only one task.
(Chap 9, Class-XI, Old NCERT) Product specialisation is done on a large scale in this
(a) It uses large industrial machinery and specialised industry. Machinery for the production of specialised
process. products is extensively used in this industry. By using
(b) It utilises local raw material for selling in local large-scale mechanisation, the commodity is produced
markets. quickly and easily.
(c) Production takes place with the help of hired Management is also complex in this industry because
professional labour. the entire management is divided into hierarchical
(d) The craftsmen are hired from outside to design order of masters, managers and labourers etc.
products.
3. Basic industries are characterised by which of
j Ans. (b) the following features? (Chap 9, Class-XI, Old NCERT)
Exp. Statement (b) is correct with reference to cottage
industry. Under this industry, the handicraftsman
1. It uses specialised machines and processes for
makes things at home with the help of his family production.
members on the basis of his parental skills. Local raw 2. Its products are used as raw material for other
materials are used under this industry. Here the industries.
manufactured goods are sold in the local market. 3. The forward and backward linkages of such
Statements (a), (c) and (d) are incorrect because in industries are strong.
cottage industry, production is done with the help of Codes
very simple tools and equipment. Production takes (a) 1 and 2
place with the help of family members and the (b) 2 and 3
craftsmen are not hired outside to design products.
(c) 1 and 3
2. Which of the given statements correctly (d) All of the above
describes a modern large scale industry? j Ans. (d)
(Chap 9, Class-XI, Old NCERT) Exp. Basic industries are characterised by all given
(a) Producing large quantities of standardised products features because special machines and processes are
with repetition of only one task. used for production in basic industries.
(b) Use of machinery on a large scale to produce Such machines are used in the textile industry and
specialised products. chemical industry.
(c) Use of hierarchical management system. These include some industries whose products are used
(d) All of the above to obtain other types of production. Machines are made
j Ans. (d) from iron and steel industry.
 NCERT MCQs • Industries 108

This machine is used to make other products. In this Agricultural tools industry In the agricultural tools
type of industries, the forward and backward linkages industry, raw materials are obtained from the iron and
are clear. For example, the mining of iron-ore is the steel industry in the production of agricultural
backward link of iron steel industry and manufacturing machines. Agriculture tools industry is a Ferrous based
of machines for the textile industry is forward link. industry.
In the present industrial age, the chemical industry is
4. Which of the following industry is a type of responsible for the development of petrochemical
consumer goods industry? (Chap 9, Class-XI, Old NCERT) industry based on petroleum.
1. Television manufacturing Fertiliser industry It is a chemical based industry.
2. Steel manufacturing Forests are the source of many such products which are
3. Tea and coffee processing used as raw material in the industry.
Codes Pulp and Paper industry It is important in the forest
based raw material industry. Furniture industry is also a
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
forest produce based industry.
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All of these
j Ans. (c) 7. Which of the following is not correct about
Exp. Television manufacturing and tea and coffee
distribution of manufacturing industries across
processing are types of consumer goods industry. Some the world? (Chap 6, Class-XII, New NCERT)

industries manufacture products that are used for direct (a) Major regions of modern manufacturing industries
consumption. Cooking oil, tea, coffee, radio and are spread over more than 20% of world’s area.
television are all products of consumption. These are (b) Modern manufacturing requires more land area for
called consumption goods manufacturing industries. operation than agriculture.
Steel manufacturing industry is a basic industry not (c) Industries are located in regions where production
consumer goods industry. costs can be maximised and profit minimised.
(d) All of the above
5. What is used for manufacturing stainless steel?
j Ans. (d)
(Chap 9, Class-XI, Old NCERT) (UPPSC Pre 1990)
(a) Chromium and nickel (b) Nickel and copper Exp. All the statements are incorrect about distribution
of manufacturing industries across the world.
(c) Chromium and graphite (d) Benzene and acetylene
Major concentrations of modern manufacturing have
j Ans. (a) flourished in a few numbers of places. These cover less
Exp. Among the given options, chromium and nickel than 10 % of the world’s land area. In terms of the total
are used for manufacturing stainless steel. Stainless area covered, manufacturing sites are much less
steel is a metal alloy, made up of steel mixed with conspicuous and concentrated on much smaller areas
elements such as chromium, nickel, molybdenum, than that of agriculture due to greater intensity of
aluminium and carbon. Iron mixed with carbon to processes. Industries maximise profits by minimising
produce steel is the main component of stainless steel. cost. Therefore, manufacturing industries should be set
up at the points where production costs the minimum.
6. Match the following lists correctly and choose the
correct code. (Chap 9, Class-XI, Old NCERT) 8. Consider the following Assertion (A) and Reason
(R) and choose the correct code.
List I List II (Chap 8, Class-XII, New NCERT)
(Industries ) (Type)
Assertion (A) Agro and dairy processing industry is
A. Agricultural tools 1. Chemicals based industry
located closer to the sources of farm produce and
industry
milk supply.
B. Fertiliser industry 2. Ferrous based industry
Reason (R) Industries using weight losing materials
C. Pulp and paper industry 3. Forest based industry are located closer to the sources of raw materials.
Codes Codes
A B C A B C (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
(a) 1 2 3 (b) 2 1 3 explanation of A.
(c) 3 1 2 (d) 3 2 1 (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
j Ans. (b)
(c) A is true, but R is false.
Exp. The correct matching is A-2 B-1 C-3. (d) A is false, but R is true.
 NCERT MCQs • Industries 109

j Ans. (a) Industries located closer to sources of raw materials,

Exp. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and industries located closer to labour markets and
Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A) industries located closer to transport and
because industries based on cheap, bulky and communication links do not describe agglomeration
weight-losing material are located close to the sources economies.
of raw material such as steel, sugar and cement 11. Which of the following factors do not influence
industries. Raw material used by industries should be
the location of an industry?
cheap and easy to transport.
(Chap 6, Class-XII, New NCERT)
The agricultural and dairy processing industries are
1. Access to sources of energy
located close to the sources of supply of agricultural
produce and milk, as the raw material gradually 2. Market access
deteriorates due to the establishment of the industry 3. Government policy
away from the raw material. That is why these industries 4. Industrial disaster
are set up near raw materials. Codes
9. Which of the given factors has reduced the (a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 3
dependence of industries on labour? (c) Only 4 (d) None of these
(Chap 6, Class-XII, New NCERT) j Ans. (c)
(a) Access to market for manufactured goods. Exp. Among the given factors, industrial disaster does
(b) Technological innovation and mechanisation. not influence the location of an industry.
(c) Perishability of manufactured products. Some of the factors influencing industrial locations are
(d) Government Policies for balanced development. access to market, access to raw material, access to labour
supply, access to agglomeration economies and links
j Ans. (b) between industries, access to sources of energy, access
Exp. Technological innovation and mechanisation has to transportation and communication facilities and
reduced the dependence of industries on labour. government policy.
Labour supply is an important factor in the location of
industries. Some types of manufacturing still require 12. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct
skilled labour, but increasing mechanisation, about traditional large scale industrial regions?
technological innovation, automation and flexibility of (Chap 6, Class-XII, New NCERT)
industrial processes have reduced the dependence of 1. These are located near sea ports.
industry upon the labours. 2. They are characterised by congested spaces and
Government policies for market access for pollution.
manufactured goods, perishability of manufactured 3. Poor quality of services inside the industrial
products and balanced growth factors do not reduce the region.
dependence of industries on labour.
Codes
10. Which of the following statement correctly (a) 1 and 2
describes agglomeration economies? (b) 2 and 3
(Chap 6, Class-XII, New NCERT) (c) 1 and 3
(a) Industries located closer to sources of raw materials. (d) All of the above
(b) Industries benefiting due to nearness to a leader j Ans. (b)
industry.
Exp. Statements (2) and (3) are correct about traditional
(c) Industries located closer to labour markets. large scale industrial regions because these regions are
(d) Industries located closer to transport and based on heavy industry.
communication links. Traditional large-scale industrial areas provide high-
j Ans. (b) density housing and often poor services. This area is
Exp. Statement (b) is correctly describes agglomeration very congested. Unattractive environment here. e.g.,
economies because many industries benefit from pollution, heaps of garbage, etc.
nearness to a leader-industry and other industries. Statement (1) is incorrect because these are located
These benefits are termed as agglomeration economies. near coal-fields and engaged in metal smelting, heavy
Savings are derived from the linkages which exist engineering, chemical manufacture or textile
between different industries production.
 NCERT MCQs • Industries 110

13. With reference to iron and steel industries in the In Germany, the important iron and steel industry
world, consider the following statements. centres are located in Duisburg, Dortmund, Dusseldorf
(Chap 6, Class-XII, New NCERT)
and Essen.
1. Integrated Iron and Steel plants are located closer In UK, the important iron and steel industry centres are
Scun Thorpe, Port Talbot, Birmingham and Sheffield in
to the sources of coal.
the UK.
2. Iron and Steel plants can also be located near sea
In USA, most of the production comes from the
ports.
North Appalachian region (Pittsburgh), Great Lake
3. Iron and Steel Industry is highly capital intensive region and the Atlantic Coast (Sparrows Point and
industry. Morrisville).
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are
correct? 15. Which of the given statements is/are correct
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 about cotton textile industry?
(Chap 6, Class-XII, New NCERT)
(c) Only 3 (d) All of these
(a) Cotton textile industry has shifted to less developed
j Ans. (d) countries after the Second World War.
Exp. All the given statements are correct with (b) Cotton textile mills require high capital investment.
reference to iron and steel industries in the world (c) Cotton textile industry have declined after the
because the large integrated iron-ore steel industry is emergence of synthetic fibres.
traditionally located close to the sources of raw
(d) All of the above
materials iron-ore, coal, manganese and limestone or at
places where these could be easily brought. j Ans. (d)
Iron and steel plants may also be located near sea ports Exp. All the given statements are correct about cotton
to facilitate the import and export of raw materials and textile industry because Germany and UK recorded
manufactured iron-ore steel goods. constant growth in cotton textile industry since Second
The iron and steel industry is one of the most complex World War till the seventies but now it has declined.
and capital intensive industries and is concentrated in Cotton textile mills sector is highly capital intensive
the advanced countries of North America, USA, Europe and manufactures fine clothes in bulk.
and Asia. The cotton industry requires working capital to
overcome price volatility. The cotton industry has to
14. Match the following lists correctly and choose the face very stiff competition with synthetic fibres hence it
correct code. (Chap 6, Class-XII, New NCERT) has now shown a declining trend in many countries.
List I List II 16. Which of the given statements is/are correct
(Country) (Iron and Steel Centre)
about synthetic fibres industry?
A. UK 1. Sparrows Point and Pittsburgh (Chap 10, Class-XI, Old NCERT)
B. Germany 2. Dortmund and Dusseldorf (a) The first Rayon factory of the world was started by
C. USA 3. Krivoi Rog and Donetsk HB de Chardonnet.
D. Ukraine 4. Port Talbot (b) The synthetic textiles obtain their raw materials from
chemicals based industries.
Codes (c) Natural fibres are more stronger and versatile than
A B C D synthetic fibres.
(a) 3 1 4 2 (d) Both ‘a’ and ‘ b’
(b) 2 1 3 4 j Ans. (d)
(c) 4 2 1 3 Exp. Both the statements (a) and (b) are correct about
(d) 2 4 3 1 synthetic fibres industry. The synthetic fibres industry
j Ans. (c) originated in France. In 1884, a French chemist, H B
Exp. The correct matching is A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3. de Chardonnet, made synthetic fibres from the
The iron and steel industry is capital intensive nitro-cellulose process.
industries and is concentrated in the advanced countries Synthetic textiles get their raw material from chemical
of North America, USA, Europe and Asia. based industries. Synthesised polymers are obtained
In Ukraine, the important iron and steel industry from coal and petroleum by chemical technology.
centres are located in Krivoi Rog, and Donetsk. Statement (c) is incorrect because natural fibres are less
stronger and versatile then synthetic fibres.
 NCERT MCQs • Industries 111

17. Which of the following statements are correct (c) Footloose industry
regarding petrochemicals? (d) Basic industry
1. Chemicals which are obtained from petroleum j Ans. (c)
and natural gas are called petrochemicals. Exp. Footloose industry do not depend upon the
2. Hydrogen gas is obtained as a petrochemical from sources of raw material. It is an industry that can be
natural gas. (Chap 5, Class VIII, New NCERT) placed and located at any location without effect from
Codes factors of production such as resources, land, labour
and capital. Footloose industry is not dependent upon
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
the sources of raw material.
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Petrochemical, Artificial chemical and Basic industry
j Ans. (c) are dependent upon the sources of raw material.
Exp. Both the statements (1) and (2) are correct
regarding petrochemicals. These are chemicals Service Sector
obtained from petroleum and natural gas. Hydrogen gas
is obtained as a petrochemical from natural gas. It is 20. With reference to the usefulness of the
used in manufacture of fertilisers. Petroleum is not only by-products of the sugar industry, which of the
a source of fuels but also provides raw materials for following statements is/are correct?
manufacture of large number of useful substances. (Chap 6, Class XII, New NCERT) (IAS Pre 2013)
1. Bagasse can be used as biomass fuel for the
18. Match the following lists correctly and choose the generation of energy.
correct code. (Chap 9, Class-XI, Old NCERT)
2. Molasses can be used as one of the feedstocks for
List I List II the production of synthetic chemical fertilisers.
(Petrochemicals Industry ) (Country)
3. Molasses can be used for the production of
A. Philadelphia and Delaware 1. Belgium ethanol.
B. Antwerp 2. USA Codes
C. Ras Tanura 3. Canada (a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3
D. Montreal 4. Saudi Arabia (c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
Codes j Ans. (c)
A B C D A B C D Exp. Both the statements (1) and (3) are correct about
(a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 2 1 4 3 usefulness of the byproducts of the sugar industry.
(c) 4 3 1 2 (d) 2 3 4 1 Bagasse is the dry pulpy fibrous material that remains
after crushing sugarcane or sorghum stalks to extract
j Ans. (b)
their juice. It is used as a biofuel for the production of
Exp. The correct matching is A-2 B-1 C-4 D-3. heat, energy, and electricity and in the manufacture of
Petrochemical Industry is located in Philadelphia and pulp and building materials.
the Great Lakes region of Delaware and Chicago. Statement (2) is not correct because molasses is a thick
The concentration of the Petrochemical industry in syrup that results from refining of sugarcane. It can be
Europe is closer to those areas where the demand is used for the production of ethanol. It is used in
high. The Petrochemical industry in Belgium is located production of organic products not synthetic products.
in the Antwerp region.
The Petrochemical industry is located in Ras Tanura in 21. Which of the given techniques is/are used in high
Saudi Arabia and Mina Al Ahmadi in Kuwait. technology industry? (Chap 6, Class-XII, New NCERT)
The Petrochemical industry in Canada is located in 1. Robotics and Assembly lines
Montreal. Here oil is brought by pipeline from Portland. 2. Computer Aided Design
The second Petrochemical industry in Canada is located
3. Electronic control of manufacturing processes
in Sarnia.
Codes
19. The location of which of the following type of (a) 1 and 3 (b) 1 and 2
industry is not dependent upon the sources of (c) 2 and 3 (d) All of these
raw materials? (Chap 10, Class-XI, Old NCERT) j Ans. (d)
(a) Petrochemical industry Exp. All the given techniques are used in high
(b) Artificial chemical industry technology industry which includes latest generation of
 NCERT MCQs • Industries 112

manufacturing activities. Some of the technologies used development efforts leading to the manufacture of
in the high technology industry include robotics on the products of an advanced scientific and
assembly line, computer aided design and engineering character.
manufacturing, electronic control of smelting and 2. Professional (white collar) workers make up a
refining processes, and the continuous development of
large share of the total workforce. These highly
new chemical and pharmaceutical products.
skilled specialists greatly outnumber the actual
22. Which of the following is/are the features of high production (blue collar) workers.
technology industry? (Chap 6, Class-XII, New NCERT) Codes
(a) Blue collar workers are mostly employed in these (a) Only 1
industries. (b) Only 2
(b) Research and development facilities are located in (c) Both 1 and 2
these industries. (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) These are characterised by massive assembly
structures. j Ans. (c)
(d) All of the above Exp. Both the statements (1) and (2) are correct
regarding high technology industry.
j Ans. (b)
The high-tech sector represents the most recent
Exp. Statement (b) is the feature of high technology generation of manufacturing operations. It’s best
industry because high technology industry is the latest defined as the application of rigorous research and
generation of manufacturing activities. It is best development activities that result in the creation of
understood as the application of intensive research and advanced scientific and engineering products.
development efforts leading to the manufacture of Professional (white collar) employees account for a
products of an advanced scientific and engineering sizable portion of the workforce. The real production
character.
(blue collar) workers are vastly outnumbered by these
Statements (a) and (c) are not its feature because white
highly skilled specialists.
collar workers are mostly employed in high technology
industry. These are characterised by neatly spaced, low, 25. Which of the following statement is correct about
modern, dispersed, office-plant-lab buildings rather knowledge industry? (Chap 7, Class-XII, New NCERT)
than massive assembly structures.
(a) There has been a rapid growth in demand for the
23. Which of the given statements is the most consumption of knowledge based services in the
comprehensive definition of technopolis? modern economy.
(Chap 6, Class-XII, New NCERT) (b) Knowledge industry is not tied to resources or
(a) Industries which employs high-tech machinery. affected by markets.
(b) Industries which uses research and development (c) Most of the knowledge sector companies operate in
techniques. the localised markets.
(c) Regional concentration of highly specialised (d) Both ‘a’ and ‘b’
high-tech industries. j Ans. (d)
(d) Industrial cluster of similar industries over a large Exp. Statements (a) and (b) are correct about
area. knowledge industry because the knowledge economy is
j Ans. (c) a system of consumption and production based on
Exp. Statement (c) is the most comprehensive intellectual capital. This sector is growing rapidly.
definition of technopolis because high-technology Currently more than half of all workers developed
industry which are regionally concentrated, economies are in knowledge sector and has grown
self-sustained and highly specialised are called much more in demand and consumption of information
technopolis. The Silicon Valley and Silicon Forest near based services from mutual fund managers tax
Seattle are examples of technopolis. consultants, software developers and statistician.
Like some of the tertiary functions, knowledge economy
24. Which of the following is/are correct regarding activities can also be outsourced. They are not tied to
high technology industry? resources, affected by the environment or necessarily
(Chap 6, class XII, Old NCERT) localised by market.
Statement (c) is incorrect because most of the
1. High technology industry is best understood as
knowledge sector companies operate in the world
the application of intensive research and markets.
 NCERT MCQs • Industries 113

26. People, materials, and manufactured commodities Codes

are physically transported from one area to A B C D A B C D
another through transportation. Which among (a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 2 3 1 4
the following is/are the factors affecting (c) 3 4 1 2 (d) 4 2 1 3
Transport systems? (Chap 6, Class XII, New NCERT) j Ans. (b)
1. Demand for transport is influenced by the size of Exp. The correct matching is A-2 B-3 C-1 D-4.
population. The larger the population size, the Detroit is best known as the centre of the US
greater is the demand for transport. automobile industry. Detroit region is famous for
2. Routes depend on location of cities, towns, automobile industry in the world.
villages, industrial centres and raw materials, The present New Jersey region in the North-East
pattern of trade between them, nature of the region of USA is known as the garment industry due to
landscape between them, type of climate, and the favourable climate.
funds available for overcoming obstacles along the Iron-ore smelting started in Buffalo about 1860. Buffalo
length of the route. region is famous for iron and steel industry in the world.
Codes There is an industrial complex extending from Carolina
to Louisiana and Texas in the Southern USA, in which
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
Dallas and Atlanta are large industrial cities. The food
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 processing industries exist in Texas, Oklahoma and
j Ans. (c) Arkansas.
Exp. Both the statements (1) and (2) are given above are
29. Match the following lists correctly and choose the
the factors affecting transport systems. It is an
correct code. (Chap 9, Class-XI, Old NCERT)
organised industry created to satisfy man’s basic need
of mobility. Modern society requires speedy and List I List II
efficient transport systems to assist in the production, (Industrial Centre ) (Famous for)
distribution and consumption of goods. At every stage A. London 1. Glass industry
in this complex system, the value of the material is B. Birmingham 2. Heavy machinery
significantly enhanced by transportation.
C. Charleroi 3. Paper and Pulp Industry
27. Which of the following services is an alternative D. Sweden 4. Textiles
to outsourcing? (Chap 7, Class-XII, New NCERT)
(a) IT Skilling (b) Make in India Codes
(c) Home shoring (d) Self-reliance A B C D
(a) 4 1 3 2
j Ans. (c)
(b) 2 3 1 4
Exp. Among the given options, Home shoring is an (c) 3 1 2 4
alternative to outsourcing. Home shoring is an
(d) 4 2 1 3
organisational operational model in which employees
work and perform all official tasks from a home or j Ans. (d)
external office. New trends in quinary services include Exp. The correct matching is A-4 B-2 C-1 D-3.
knowledge processing outsourcing and home shoring, The UK is the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution.
the latter as an alternative to outsourcing. Due to the favourable climate and location in
London, the textile industry is located around the
Industrial Regions River Thames.
28. Match the following lists correctly and choose the Birmingham in the Midland region of Britain is the
center of iron and steel and heavy machinery.
correct code. (Chap 9, Class-XI, Old NCERT)
Charleroi is a Belgian city in the Walloon province of
List I List II Hainaut.
(Industrial Centre) (Famous for) The Charleroi municipality contains an industrial area
A. Detroit 1. Iron and Steel for electrical engineering and the production of iron,
B. New Jersey 2. Automobile manufacturing steel, glass and chemicals.
In the Southern part of Sweden from Stockholm to the
C. Buffalo 3. Garment Industry
Southern shores of Lake Vnen there is a pulp and paper
D. Texas 4. Food Processing and wood industry based on forest resources.
 NCERT MCQs • Industries 114

30. Which of the given factors is/are responsible for j Ans. (d)
the development of Rhine valley as an industrial Exp. All the given factors have aided in the
region? (Chap 9, Class-XI, Old NCERT) development of central Volga industrial region. The
1. Presence of rich uranium resources Middle Volga region is an agricultural region. But after
the discovery of oil, the area became an industrial area.
2. Well-connected railways network
Hydroelectricity is obtained by building a dam on the
3. High density of population Volga river. The Moscow Volga Canal and the Volga
4. Presence of well-built canal system Don Canal being a ferry vehicle provides waterways in
Codes the region. Mining of coal, iron-ore etc is done here.
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 1, 2 and 4
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) All of these
33. Which of the given pairs is/are matched
correctly? (Chap 9, Class-XI, Old NCERT)
j Ans. (c)
Industrial Centre in Russia Famous for
Exp. Statements (2), (3) and (4) are the factors
responsible for the development of Rhine valley as an (a) Ivanovo Textiles
industrial because the Rhine Valley is known as an
industrial area. The Ruhr coalfield is located in the (b) Nizhny Novgorod Machinery
lower Rhine valley. (c) Vladivostok Shipbuilding
In addition to mineral resources, this region is
(d) All of the above
connected by railway network, waterways of the Rhine
and canals. This area is the densely populated area of j Ans. (d)
Europe. There is also a big local market here.
Exp. All the given region pairs are correctly matched.
Statement (1) is not a factor responsible for the
development of Rhine valley as an industrial region The city of Ivanovo is located on the banks of the Uvod
because there is no presence of rich uranium resources river in Western Russia. Ivanovo region is one of the
in the industrial area of the Rhine valley. major textile cities of Russia, producing cotton, and silk
goods and clothing.
31. Which of the given factors is/are responsible for The Nizhny Novgorod region is one of the largest
development of the New England region as an industrial centers of the Russian Federation with a great
industrial complex in North America? potential in machinery.
1. Development of Hydroelectric power Vladivostok region is famous for steel industry and
2. Presence of densely forested region shipbuilding.
3. Presence of large reserves of Limestone 34. Which of the given pairs of industrial regions and
Codes (Chap 9, Class-XI, Old NCERT) countries is incorrectly matched?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (c) Only 2 (d) Only 3 (Chap 9, Class-XI, Old NCERT)
j Ans. (a)
List I List II
Exp. Statements (1) and (2) are the factors responsible (Industrial Regions) (Countries)
for development of the New England region as an
(a) St. Lawrence valley Canada
industrial complex in North America. Many factors are
responsible for the industrial development of New (b) Great Lakes region USA
England. Immigrants from Europe first settled in this
(c) Po river valley Italy
area. The density of population here was high. Being a
mountainous area, hydroelectric power was available (d) Kuznetsk basin Japan
from small rivers. New England region is also known as
industrial region. j Ans. (d)
Statement (3) is not a factor because there is no Exp. Pair (d) is incorrectly matched because the
presence of large reserves of limestone in the industrial Kuznetsk Basin, in Russia’s South-Western Siberia, is
area of the New England region on North America. one of Russia’s largest coal mining areas. Iron and steel
industries, coal mining industries, machinery industries
32. Which of the given factors has aided in the etc have been established in this region.
development of Central Volga industrial region? Pairs (a), (b) and (c) are correctly matched because St.
(Chap 9, Class-XI, Old NCERT) Lawrence valley is located in East coast of Canada.
(a) Hydroelectric power (b) Inland waterways Great Lakes region is located in USA.
(c) Mineral oil exploration (d) All of these Po river valley is located in Italy.
 11
Transport and
Communication
Old NCERT Class X (Transport and Communication and International Trade), Old NCERT Class XII
(Transport Systems), New NCERT Class XII (Transport and Communication)

Exp. North America accounts for highest length and

Transport density of roads in the world.
1. Which of the following statements is/are The world’s total motorable road length is only about 15
million km, of which North America accounts for 33 per
incorrect about various forms of road (land)
cent. The highest road density and the highest number
transport? (Chap 8, Class-XII, New NCERT)
of vehicles are registered in North America continent
(a) Road transport is used for short distance door to door compared to Western Europe.
services.
(b) Railways transport is most suitable for bulky 3. The Channel Tunnel operational in Europe,
materials over longer distances. connects which of the following countries?
(c) Road and railways transport can complement each (a) Germany and Italy (Chap 8, Class-XII, New NCERT)
other for improving the transport efficiency. (b) France and Germany
(d) None of the above (c) United Kingdom and France
j Ans. (d) (d) Denmark and United Kingdom
Exp. None of the statement is incorrect about various j Ans. (c)
forms of road transport. Exp. The Channel Tunnel operational in Europe
Road transport is cheaper and faster over short distances connects United Kingdom and France. It is an
and for door to door services. Railways are most suited underground railway tunnel important in London and
for large volumes of bulky materials over long distances Paris. Channel Tunnel, operated by Euro Tunnel
within a country. Road and railway transport can Group through England, connects London in United
complement each other to improve transport efficiency Kingdom with Paris in France.
and a well-managed transport system.
Transport is a service or facility for the carriage of 4. Trans-Canadian Highway links which of the
persons and goods from one place to the other using following cities? (Chap 8, Class-X, Old NCERT)
humans, animals and different kinds of vehicles. (a) Edmonton to Anchorage
(b) Vancouver to St. John’s City
2. Which of the following continent accounts for
highest length and density of roads in the world? (c) Toronto to Montreal
(Chap 8, Class-XII, New NCERT) (d) Winnipeg to Victoria
(a) Australia (b) Africa j Ans. (b)

(c) Europe (d) North America Exp. The Trans-Canadian Highway links Vancouver in
j Ans. (d) British Columbia in West coast to St. John’s City in
Newfoundland in East coast.
 NCERT MCQs • Transport and Communication 116

North America, highway density is high. Railways

Trans-Canadian Highway is a principal highway of
Canada and the world’s longest national road. 8. Which of the following statements is/are
incorrect? (Chap 4, Class-XII, Old NCERT)
5. The cities of Edmonton and Anchorage in North
1. The first Public railways line was opened in 1825
America are connected by which of the following
between Stockton and Darlington.
major highways? (Chap 8, Class-XII, New NCERT)
2. Africa has the most dense railways network in the
(a) Trans-Continental Stuart Highway world.
(b) Alaskan Highway 3. North America has the largest rail network in the
(c) Pan American Highway world.
(d) Trans European Highway
Codes
j Ans. (b) (a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 2
Exp. The Alaskan Highway links Edmonton in Canada (c) 1 and 3 (d) All of these
to Anchorage in Alaska.
j Ans. (b)
The Alaskan Highway was constructed during World
Exp. Statement (2) is incorrect because Europe has one
War Second to connect the contiguous United States to
of the most dense rail networks in the world.
Alaska across Canada.
Statements (1) and (3) are correct because the first
6. The Trans-Continental Stuart Highway runs public railway line was opened in 1825 between
across which of the following continents? Stockton and Darlington in Northern England. North
(Chap 8, Class-XII, New NCERT) America has one of the most extensive and largest rail
networks accounting for nearly 40 per cent of the world.
(a) North America (b) South America
(c) Australia (d) Asia 9. Which of the following is the most plausible
j Ans. (c) reason for the declining significance of
Exp. The Trans-continental Stuart Highway runs across trans-continental railways?
the continent of Australia. It corrects Darwin in north (Chap 8, Class-X, Old NCERT)
coast and Melbourne via Tennant Creek and Alice (a) Degrading infrastructure due to older tracks.
Springs in Australia. Hence, the Trans-Continental (b) Establishment of closed borders in countries.
Stuart Highway runs across in Australia continent.
(c) Competition from road transport and airways.
7. Consider the following statements regarding (d) All of the above
National Highway Authority of India. j Ans. (c)
(Chap 8, Class-XII, New NCERT) Exp. Competition from road transport and airways is
1. The National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) the most plausible reason for the declining significance
is an autonomous body under the Ministry of of trans-continental railways.
Surface Transport, established in 1995. Road transport is cheaper and faster over short distances
2. It acts as an apex body to improve the quality of and for door to door services and High-value, light and
the roads designated as national Highways. perishable goods are best moved by airways.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are Statements (a) and (b) are incorrect because, degrading
infrastructure due to older tracks and establishment of
correct?
closed borders in country are not plausible reasons for
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 the declining significance of Trans-Continental railways.
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
j Ans. (c) 10. Consider the following statements.
(Chap 8, Class-XII, New NCERT)
Exp. Both the statements (1) and (2) are correct about
the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) as it 1. Railways in New Zealand are mostly concentrated
was operationalised in 1995. It is an autonomous body in the North island for serving the farming regions.
under the Ministry of Surface Transport. 2. East Asia has high density of railways and West
It is entrusted with the responsibility of development, Asia has lower density of railways.
maintenance and operation of National Highways. This Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
is also the apex body to improve the quality of the roads (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
designated as National Highway. (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
 NCERT MCQs • Transport and Communication 117

j Ans. (c) on the Pacific Coast passing through Montreal, Ottawa,

Exp. Both the statements (1) and (2) are correct. Winnipeg and Calgary. It also connected the
Quebec-Montreal Industrial Region with the wheat belt
New Zealand railways are mainly in the North Island to
of the Prairie Region and the Coniferous Forest region
serve the farming areas.
in the North.
In East Asia, rail network is the most dense in the
thickly populated areas of Japan, China and India. West 14. Arrange the given set of regions on the
Asia is the least developed in rail facilities because of Trans-Siberian rail route in a correct sequence
vast deserts and sparsely populated region. from East to West? (Chap 8, Class-XII, New NCERT)

11. Which of the following is the longest 1. St. Petersburg 2. Krasnoyarsk

trans-continental railways in the world? 3. Vladivostok 4. Khabarovsk
(Chap 8, Class-XII, New NCERT) Codes
(a) Trans-Canadian Railways (a) 1-3-2-4 (b) 1-2-4-3
(b) Australian Trans Pacific Railways (c) 2-1-3-4 (d) 1-2-4-3
(c) Pacific Railways
j Ans. (b)
(d) Trans-Siberian Railways
Exp. Correct sequence of Trans-Siberian rail route
j Ans. (d) from East to West is Vladivostok, Khabarovsk,
Exp. The Trans-Siberian Railways is the longest Krasnoyarsk and St.Petersburg.
trans-Continental railways in the world. It is a network Trans-Siberian Railways major rail route of Russia runs
of railways connecting Western Russia to the Russian from St. Petersburg in the West to Vladivostok on the
Far East. Pacific Coast in the East passing through Moscow, Ufa,
It is the most important route in Asia and the longest Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Chita and Khabarovsk.
9,332 km double tracked and electrified
trans-continental railway in the world. It has helped in 15. Kalgoorlie, Port August, Port Pirie and Broken
opening up its Asian region to West European markets. Hill are nodes of which of the following
trans-continental railway lines?
12. Which one of the following cities is not located on (Chap 8, Class-X, Old NCERT)
the Trans-Siberian rail route?
(a) Trans-Siberian Railway
(Chap 4, Class-XII, Old NCERT) (UPPSC Pre 2019)
(b) Union and Pacific Railway
(a) Kazan (b) Omsk (c) Sochi (d) Chita (c) Trans-Australian Railway
j Ans. (c) (d) Trans-Canadian Railway
Exp. Among the given options, Sochi city is not located j Ans. (c)
on the Trans-Siberian rail route. Cities located on the
Exp. Kalgoorlie, Port August, Port Pirie and Broken
Trans-Siberian rail route from West to East are
Hill are nodes of Trans-Australian Railway.
St.Petersburg, Moscow, Kazan, Yekaterinburg,
Tyumen, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Angarak, Trans-Australian railway line runs West-East across the
Chita, Khabarovsk and Vladivostok. southern part of the continent from Perth on the West
coast, to Sydney on the East coast.
13. Which of the following is not one of the region
joined lying on the Trans-Canadian railway line? 16. Which of the following is/are the major items of
(Chap 8, Class-XII, New NCERT)
export from the Union and Pacific Railways?
(Chap 8, Class-XII, New NCERT)
1. Calgary 2. Novosibirsk
(a) Mineral ores (b) Food grains
3. Quebec 4. Winnipeg
(c) Machinery (d) All of these
5. Kazan
j Ans. (d)
Codes
(a) 1, 2, 3 (b) 2, 4, 5 (c) 2, 5 (d) 3, 4, 5 Exp. All the given options are the major item of exports
from the Union and Pacific railways
j Ans. (c) The Union and Pacific railway line connects New York
Exp. Among the given regions, Novosibirsk and Kazan on the Atlantic Coast to San Francisco on the Pacific
does not lie on the Trans-Canadian Railway line. Coast passing through Cleveland, Chicago, Omaha,
Trans-Canadian railways line is 7,050 km long rail-line Evans, Ogden and Sacramento.
in Canada runs from Halifax in the East to Vancouver
 NCERT MCQs • Transport and Communication 118

Airways Waterways
17. Consider the following statements with reference 19. Which of the following sea routes is considered as
to air transport. (Chap 8, Class-XII, New NCERT) the busiest sea route in the world accounting for
1. It is possible to reach areas hit by natural disasters. more than a quarter of world’s foreign trade?
(Chap 8, Class-XII, New NCERT)
2. It is cheaper than ocean transport.
3. It can be used for both Cargo and strategic (a) Mediterranean Sea Route
purposes. (b) Cape of Good Hope Sea Route
(c) Southern Atlantic Sea Route
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are
correct? (d) Northern Atlantic Sea Route
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 j Ans. (b)
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All of these Exp. Cape of Good Hope Sea Route is considered as
the busiest sea route in the world accounting for more
j Ans. (c)
than a quarter of world’s foreign trade. The foreign
Exp. Statements (1) and (3) are correct with reference trade over Northern Atlantic sea route is greater than
to air transport. that of the rest of the world combined.
In the Himalayan region or any other region, the routes Northern Atlantic sea route links the two industrially
are often obstructed due to landslides, avalanches or developed regions of the world. i.e., North-Eastern USA
heavy snow fall. At such times, air travel is the only and North-Western Europe.
alternative to reach these places.
Valuable cargo can be moved rapidly on a world wide 20. Which of the following sea routes connects the
scale and the remote and strategic areas are easily industrialised countries of Western Europe with
accessible due to air transport. West Africa and Southern Africa?
Statement (2) is incorrect because ocean transport (Chap 8, Class-X, Old NCERT)
system is cheaper than air transport system. (a) Southern Atlantic Sea Route
(b) Cape of Good Hope Sea Route
18. Match the following lists correctly and choose the
correct code. (Chap 8, Class-XII, New NCERT)
(c) North Pacific Sea Route
(d) South Pacific Sea Route
List I (Airport ) List II (Located in)
j Ans. (b)
A. Buenos Aires 1. Australia Exp. Cape of Good Hope Sea Trade Route connects the
B. Darwin 2. Argentina highly industrialised Western European region with
C. Santiago 3. Chile West Africa, South Africa, South-East Asia and the
commercial agriculture and livestock economies of
D. Denver 4. USA Australia and New Zealand.
Codes
21. Match the following lists correctly and choose the
A B C D A B C D
correct code. (Chap 8, Class-XII, New NCERT)
(a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 2 1 3 4
(c) 3 2 1 4 (d) 1 3 2 4 List I List II
(Sea Port ) (Country)
j Ans. (b)
Exp. The correct matching is A-2 B-1 C-3, D-4. A. Auckland 1. USA
Buenos Aires is the capital of Argentina. Buenos B. Rio de Janeiro 2. Brazil
Aires airport is the biggest airport in Argentina is C. New Orleans 3. New Zealand
located in Ezeiza, 32 km from the centre of Buenos
Aires city. D. Japan 4. Yokohama
Darwin International Airport is the busiest airport
serving the Northern Territory in Australia. Codes
A B C D
Santiago International Airport is located in Pudahuel,
which is 15 km North-West of Downtown Santiago. (a) 4 1 3 2
This is Chile’s largest aviation facility and busiest (b) 3 1 2 4
international airport. (c) 3 2 1 4
Denver is an International Airport located in USA. (d) 4 2 1 3