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Progress in Self Psychology
Editor, Arnold Goldberg, M.D.
EDITORIAL BOARD
Michael F. Basch, M.D.
James L. Fosshage, Ph.D.
Robert Galatzer-Levy, M.D.
Charles Jaffe, M.D.
Robert J. Leider, M.D.
Arthur Malin, M.D.
Anna Ornstein, M.D.
Paul Ornstein, M.D.
Estelle Shane, Ph.D.
Morton Shane, M.D.
Robert D. Stolorow, Ph.D.
Marian Tolpin, M.D.
Paul H. Tolpin, M.D.
Ernest S. Wolf, M.D.
A DECADE OF PROGRESS
Progress in Sovelf Psychology
Volume 10
Arnold Goldberg
editor
Copyright © 1994 by The Analytic Press
365 Broadway
Hillsdale, NJ 07642
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat,
microform, retrieval system, or any other means, without prior written permission of the
publisher.
ISBN 0-88163-179-5
ISSN 0893-5483
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Acknowledgment
We would like to thank Ms. Chris Susman, who provided secretarial and
editorial assistance.
Contents
Contributors
Introduction — Mark J. Gehrie
I THE SELFOBJECT RECONSIDERED
1. The Selfobject Concept: Clinical Implications
Michael Franz Basch
2. Reformulations of the Concept of Selfobject: A Misalliance of Self
Psychology with Object Relations Theory
Crayton E. Rowe, Jr.
3. The Selfobject Relationship in Psychoanalytic Treatment
Howard A. Bacal
4. Selfobjects Throughout the Life Span: Research with Nonclinical
Subjects — Helen D. Gilbert
II CLINICAL PAPERS FROM HOMOSEXUALITY TO CONJOINT
THERAPY
5. Homosexuality and the Struggle for Coherence
R. Dennis Shelby
6. Teaching, Learning, and Supervision — Paula B. Fuqua
7. Dr. Kohut and Mr. Z: Is This a Case of Alter Ego Countertransference?
— Doris Brothers
8. The Legacy of Hypnosis: Freud and Subjectivity
Mary Newsome
9. Trauma, Memory, and Psychic Continuity — Anna Ornstein
10. Conjoint Therapy: An Intersubjective Approach
Jeffrey L. Trop
11. An Intersubjective Approach to Conjoint Therapy
Philip A. Ringstrom
12. The Development of a Self-Psychological Theory of Dreams:
Historical and Clinical Considerations — Stewart Gabel
III A DIALOGUE ON SELF PSYCHOLOGY
13. Heinz Kohut's Self Psychology — Merton M. Gill
14. Comments on Merton Gill's “Heinz Kohut's Self Psychology”
Robert J. Leider
15. Kohut, Gill, and the New Psychoanalytic Paradigm
Robert D. Stolorow
16. Response to Discussion of Self Psychology Paper
Merton M. Gill
IV A DISCUSSION OF THE “CONTEXTS OF BEING”
17. The Myth of the Isolated Mind
Robert D. Stolorow and George E. Atwood
18. Discussion of Stolorow and Atwood's “The Myth of the Isolated Mind”
— Mark J. Gehrie
19. Discussion of “The Myth of the Isolated Mind”
Morton Shane and Estelle Shane
Author Index
Subject Index
Contributors
George E. Atwood, Ph.D., Professor of Psychology, Rutgers University;
Core Faculty Member, Institute for the Psychoanalytic Study of
Subjectivity, New York City.
Howard A. Bacal, M.D., Training and Supervising Analyst, Toronto
Institute of Psychoanalysis; Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry,
University of Toronto.
Michael Franz Basch, M.D., The Cynthia Oudejans Harris, M.D. Professor
of Psychiatry, Rush Medical College; Training and Supervising Analyst,
Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis.
Doris Brothers, Ph.D., Cofounder and Training and Supervising Analyst,
The Training and Research Institute for Self Psychology; Founding
Member, Society for the Advancement of Self Psychology, New York City.
Paula B. Fuqua, M.D., Faculty, Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis;
Clinical Faculty, Chicago Medical School Department of Psychiatry, North
Chicago.
Stewart Gabel, M.D., Chairman, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, The Children's Hospital; Associate Professor of Psychiatry and
Pediatrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver.
Mark J. Gehrie, Ph.D., Faculty, Training and Supervising Analyst, Chicago
Institute for Psychoanalysis; private practice, Chicago.
Helen D. Gilbert, Ph.D, private practice, Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN.
Merton M. Gill, M.D., Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry, The University of
Illinois Medical Center, Chicago; Supervising Analyst, Institute for
Psychoanalysis, Chicago, and at the Chicago Center for Psychoanalysis.
Robert J. Leider, M.D., Faculty, Training and Supervising Analyst, Institute
for Psychoanalysis, Chicago.
Mary Newsome, M.D., Faculty, Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis;
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Rush Medical College.
Anna Ornstein, M.D., Professor of Child Psychiatry, University of
Cincinnati; Codirector, International Center for the Study of Psychoanalytic
Self Psychology.
Philip A. Ringstrom, Ph.D., Candidate Member, Institute of Contemporary
Psychoanalysis, Los Angeles; Faculty, California Institute for Clinical
Social Work; private practice, Encino, CA.
Crayton E. Rowe, Jr., M.S.W., The Founding Member and Faculty, The
New York Institute for Psychoanalytic Self Psychology; Past Chair and
Founder, National Membership Committee on Psychoanalysis in Clinical
Social Work.
Estelle Shane, Ph.D., Co-President, Training and Supervising Analyst,
Institute for Contemporary Analysis; Training and Supervising Analyst, Los
Angeles Psychoanalytic Society and Institute; Assistant Professor of
Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles.
Morton Shane, M.D., Co-President, Training and Supervising Analyst,
Institute for Contemporary Analysis; Training and Supervising Analyst, Los
Angeles Psychoanalytic Society and Institute; Clinical Professor of
Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles.
R. Dennis Shelby, Ph.D., Faculty, Institute for Clinical Social Work,
Chicago; private practice.
Robert D. Stolorow, Ph.D., Faculty Member and Training and Supervising
Analyst, Institute of Contemporary Psychoanalysis, Los Angeles; Core
Faculty Member, Institute for the Psychoanalytic Study of Subjectivity,
New York City.
Jeffrey L. Trop, M.D., Training and Supervising Analyst, Institute of
Contemporary Psychoanalysis, Los Angeles; Assistant Clinical Professor of
Psychiatry, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles.
Introduction
Mark J. Gehrie
There has certainly been a decade of progress in self psychology, and it
has also been a decade of change and increasing diversity in understanding
and conceptualization of theory and practice. This comes as no surprise;
virtually each of the introductions to the previous volumes in this series
makes a similar observation. This volume, as have the others, illustrates this
broadening field with individual contributions spanning the range from
extensions and new applications of Kohut's self psychology to a new
paradigm, redefinitions of central concepts and challenges to the established
ways of thinking about the analytic process and its goals. It is hard to say
which way Kohut himself might have reacted to these developments,
although I think he might have felt that amidst the diversity there remains
intact a fundamental reliance on his basic discoveries. When self
psychology is viewed from the outside, it is easier to see this unity; when
viewed from within, the picture becomes more complex as the debate
widens about central concepts. At the same time, this diversity does reflect
and nourish creativity along multiple channels; in so doing, it has
increasingly broadened both the appeal and relevance of psychoanalysis as
a whole to the wider world and has undeniably enhanced its effectiveness in
areas in which we were reliably failing.
The contributions to this volume may be divided into two categories: those
that address the theoretical/conceptual issues I have just alluded to and
those that apply one or another of these points of view to various subjects,
“from homosexuality to conjoint therapy,” and do so in ways that offer new
and revealing perspectives in areas that have resisted successful
conceptualization for many years. Surrounding the central clinical section
are the first and third sections, The Selfobject Reconsidered and A Dialogue
on Self Psychology. The first considers central issues that have vexed self
psychology since its inception, centering first on the idea of the selfobject—
what it is, how it functions, and what role it plays in development and in the
analytic process. In the third section the following questions are addressed
in a dialogue/discussion format: Is self psychology an object relations
theory? Is it “objectivist” or “constructivist?” To what extent do these
differences influence the management of the clinical situation? Although at
first glance the distinctions offered about the selfobject concept may seem
arcane, a moment's reflection reveals that apparently subtle differences in
the definition of this core concept may have profound effects on the
understanding and management of transferences, the formulation of
interpretations, and the definition of cure.
The middle section of this volume, the clinical papers, stands on its own as
a set of original contributions on various subjects that utilize the self-
psychological model to extend, enhance, and to some extent redefine our
dynamic understanding of these areas. It is interesting to see the varied use
of the selfobject concept in these applications, some relying on a more
conservative “selfobject function” orientation and others on a more
“constructivist” relational notion of the concept.
Rather than offer a preface to each contribution in this introduction, I
instead briefly identify the overarching set of issues that emerge from most
of what is contained in this volume and discuss questions that are
stimulated by it. This approach will also (hopefully) encourage our careful
reflection on the way we connect theory and technique, reminding us that
no technique is theory free, and that—perhaps put more directly —not only
is every technique a reflection of a particular theoretical orientation but that
every technical orientation has its own effect on the ongoing clinical
process. Especially in the chapters on applications, the impact of technique
deserves special attention.
Throughout the volume there is a consistent emphasis on and inquiry into
the nature and role of the selfobject, the means by which it should be
managed in the clinical environment, and its close relationship to issues like
empathy and subjectivity. For some, the selfobject is understood as an
experience of functions; for others it is an experience of an object (which
may provide those functions); and for still others it is the “other” in some
form. Selfobject needs are by and large taken as definitive of the universe of
experiences crucial to optimal development (the formation of a cohesive
self) and/or the establishment of a curative environment in analysis.
Whether it be the development of the cohesive self or the repair of
presumed deficits in the self, there appears to be agreement that addressing
selfobject needs is a critical piece of the answer.
Whether the selfobject is considered essentially as a set of functions
(provided by an object) or primarily as an object (which provides a set of
functions) reflects major differences in the definitions of the analytic
environment. A predominantly “functional” orientation sets the stage for a
greater emphasis on dynamics that are internal to the patient, on the
intrapsychic, whereas a predominantly “object” orientation leads to greater
emphasis on the relational dynamics between patient and analyst. What is
viewed as transference, how important it is, and what kinds of things take
precedence in the formulation of interpretations—all these issues will, of
course, depend upon this prior orientation. If transferences are seen as the
current expressions of sets of prior, unfulfilled functional needs, then
interpretations will of necessity focus on such functional issues (regardless
of whether the past is seen as “expressed” or “distorted” in the present); if
