三只熊的故事 The Story Of The Three Bears Dino Lingo
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三只熊的故事
从前，有三只熊。他们一起住在树林里的一座房子里。
大熊体型非常大，中熊体型中等，小熊体型非常小。
大熊有一个大碗和一把大椅子。中熊有一个中等大小的碗和一把中等
大小的椅子。小熊有一个小碗和一把小椅子。
春天来了，三只熊走了出去。他们想在树林里玩。
当三只熊去树林的时候，一位老婆婆来到他们家。她敲了敲门，但没
人在家。随后，她推开门。
老婆婆看到了大碗、中碗和小碗。她还看到了大椅子，中型椅子和小
椅子。
她尝了尝大碗中的食物，但是它太热了。然后，她又尝了尝小碗里的
食物，但又太冷了。接着，她又尝了尝中碗里的食物，刚刚好。她吃
了中熊所有的食物！
老婆婆想休息。她坐在大椅子上，但是太硬了。她坐在中型的椅子
上，但又太软了。然后，她坐在小椅子上，哗啦一声！小椅子断了！
三只熊听到响声，他们跑回了家。他们看到老婆婆在他们家。大熊
说：“你是谁？”老婆婆见到三只熊很害怕。她尖叫起来！
老婆婆跑了。三只熊说，“等一下！我们很友好。我们只是想和你
玩。”但老婆婆再也没有回来。
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adversaries, and with violent shot thereof so galled them, that they
durst not abide in anie place alongst the water side, but were driven
even from their owne ordinance.”—1 Holinshed, fo. 690.
Same year.—At the renewal of the truce between Edward IV. and the
Duke of Brittany, stipulations were introduced for the safety of
merchants, “de harnois, d’armures, d’artilleries,” &c.—11 Fædera, fo.
726.
1474, 8th December.—Warrant of 14 Edward IV. to Richard Copeote,
to provide whatever was requisite for “bumbardos, canones,
culverynes, fowelers, serpentynes, et alios canones quoscumque, ac
pulveres, sulphir, saltpetyr, petras, ferrum, plumbum, et omnimodas
alias stuffuras, pro eisdem canonibus necessarias et oportunas,” &c.—
Same, fo. 841.
1475.—In the enumeration of the English forces in the fourteenth
year of Edward IV., we find ordnance repeatedly mentioned. [240]—
Same, fo. 844.
Same year,—With the forces of Edward IV., when in France, there
were a great number of men whose province it was to pitch their
tents, attend upon their artillery, and enclose their camp, “pour servir
a leur artillerie et clorre leur cāp.”—Philippe de Commines, book iv.
ch. v. fo. 93.
1475.—Before the interview between the English and French Kings,
Edward IV. was about a league from Picquigny, “accompaigné de
vignt mille Anglois bien artillez de dās son dit parc.”—Nouvelles
Chroniques added to Monstrelet, fo. 181.
1480.—Edward IV., in his preparations for the invasion of Scotland,
with an army commanded by the Duke of Gloucester, “wherefore al
the winter season he mustred his souldiers, prepared his ordinance,
rigged his shippes, and left nothyng apperteignying to the warre
unpurveyed or unloked for.”—Hall’s Chronicles, fo. 54.
“even in the winter season mustered his men, prepared his artillery,
and rigged his ships, that nothing should bee unready at the next
spring.”—Speed’s Annals, fo. 876.
1480–1, 2nd March.—Warrant of 20th Edward IV. to William Temple,
to seize and provide for the expedition against Scotland, whatever
was requisite for “bumbardos, canones, culverynes, fowelers,
serpentynes, et alios canones quoscumque, ac pulveres, sulphureos,
saltpetre, petras, ferrum, plumbum, et omnimodas, alias stuffuras,
pro eisdem canonibus necessarias et oportunas,” &c.—12 Fædera, fo.
140.
1482, 30th June.—Warrant of 22nd Edward IV. to the Bishop of
Lincoln, Keeper of the Privy Seal, authorising him to cause John
Ebryngton, Treasurer of the Household, to pay £200 “unto our moost
dere brothre Richard Duc of Gloucestre, for the cariage of his
ordenance into Scotland.” The carriage of the ordnance is afterwards
twice mentioned, and it then directs the payment of £100 “unto the
Maistre of oure Ordenance, for the bying of 120 draught horsez, for
the cariage of our seid Ordenance fro our seid towne of Newcastell,
northward,” &c.—12 Fædera, fo. 158. [241]
That document consequently furnishes another instance of a Master
of the Ordnance prior to the reign of Richard III. [242]
1483 to 1485.—King Richard III., in altering the north part of
Warwick Castle, “beganne and half finished a mighty towre, or
strength, for to shoote out gunnes.”—4 Lel. Itin. fol. 163b.
1483.—On the 30th of December there was a great fire at
Leadenhall, in London, which, besides other damage, burnt “all the
stockes for gunnes, and other like provision, belonging to the Citty.”—
Stow’s Annals, fo. 466.
1485.—In the account given by Philippe de Commines, of the
assistance afforded by the French King to the Earl of Richmond, for
his expedition to England, it is stated that “Peu de temps apres, ou
luy paya trois ou quatre mille hommes, pour le passage seulement: et
fut baillee par le Roy qui est de present, à ceux qui estoyent avec luy,
une bonne somme d’argent, et quelques pieces d’artillerie: et ainsi fut
conduict, avec le navire de Normandie, pour descendre en Galles,
dont il estoit.”—Philippe de Commines, 5me livre, fo. 151.
Same year.—In the act of attainder passed after the battle of
Bosworth, it is stated that the forces and adherents of Richard III.
were “with banners spred, mightyly armed and defenced with all
manner armes, as gunnes, bowes, arrowes, speres, gleves, axes, and
all other manner articles apt or needful to gef and cause mightie
battaille agen oure said soveraigne Lord,” &c. Rot. Parl. 1 Henry VII.
vol. vi. fo. 276; see Appendix No. III.
1485.—“Cannon balls, of a small size, have also been dug up in the
field of the battle of Bosworth.”—Hutton’s Bosworth Field, pp. 82 and
97.
Same year.—In the 1st Henry VII., Nicholas Leventhorp held the
office of “keping of the artillerie within the castell of Pountfrett,
parcell of the Duchie of Lancastre, within the countie of York,” &c.—
Rot. Parl. 1 Henry VII. vol. vi. fo. 341.
1487.—Documents selected from the Municipal Archives of the city of
York, connected with the Earl of Lincoln’s rebellion, and the imposture
of Lambert Simnel, in the reign of Henry VII., have been published:
one of which is of the 23rd of April, 1487, from the mayor, aldermen,
sheriffs, and common council of York, to the King, representing that
the “said citie is not well furnesshed with artilment and stuff of
ordnaunce,” and praying that “some of youre ordnaunce and
artilment of werr might be sent hidder.”
Collection of “Original documents relating to Lambert Symnell’s
rebellion, in the second year of King Henry VII.;” selected from the
Municipal Archives of the city of York, by Robert Davies, Esq., F.S.A.;
communicated to the meeting of the Archæological Institute of Great
Britain and Ireland, held at York, in 1846: published in 1847, p. 10.
A reply, of the 30th of April, written by order of the King, to the
application, has been preserved, stating that William Tunstall,
constable of the castle of Scarborough, was ordered, by royal letters,
to deliver to them “twelve serpentynes, some more some less, of
diverse sortes, garnysshed with chambre and powder thereunto
according.”—Ibid., p. 15.
A further communication, of the 14th of May, was made from the
mayor, aldermen, sheriffs, &c., of York, to the King, representing that
he had addressed William Tunstall, the constable of the castle of
Scarborough, by letter, “for 12 serpentynes, with chambre and
powdre garnysshed sufficiently for the same,” to be delivered to that
city; and that they had applied accordingly for them, and had been
answered “by your said constable, that ther is not 4 serpentynes
within your said castell;” and praying the King “to provide for
ordinaunce to be sent to this your said citie, for the more defence of
the same.”—Ibid., pp. 20, 21.
1487.—In the act of attainder, passed after the battle of Stoke,
against the Earl of Lincoln and his adherents, it is stated that they
were “with force and armes, that ys to saye, swerdys, speris,
marespikes, bowes, gonnes, harneys, brigandynes, hawberkes, and
many other wepyns and harneys defensible,” &c.—Rot. Parl. 3 Henry
VII. vol. vi. fo. 397; see App. No. V.
1492, 8th Henry VII.—In the request and application to Henry VII.
by the commanders of the English army before Boulogne, for
concluding peace, one reason assigned is, “the King’s ordinaunce
and artillerye must nedys come by sea from Englond and Caleis,” &c.
—12 Fædera, fo. 492.
1495.—The act of attainder against Sir William Stanley and others,
alleged to have been adherents of Perkin Warbeck, states, that the
latter landed at Deal, in Kent, on the 3rd of July, in the tenth year of
Henry VII., accompanied by a great multitude of people, rebels and
traitors, “with baners displayed, and with armours defensives, as
jakkes, salettis, brigandynes, bowes, billes, haubertes, curesses,
gunnes, speres, marispikes, crosse-bowes, and other enhabilments
of warres,” &c.—Rot. Parl. 11 Henry VII., 1495, vol. vi. fo. 504.
1497.—In the preparations for the battle of Blackheath, between
Henry the VII.th’s forces and the Cornish insurgents, some of the
commanders in the army of the former “were appointed, with some
cornets of horse, and bandes of foot, and good store of artillery
wheeling about, to put themselves beyond the hill, where the rebels
were encamped,” &c.—Bacon’s Life of Henry VII. (in Kennett’s Lives
of the Kings and Queens of England), fo. 619.
CHAPTER XI.
THE
ANCIENT FAMILY
OF
WYCHE, OR DE LA WYCHE,
OF ALDERLEY, CHESHIRE. [245a]
The ancient family of Wyche, or De la Wyche, was located at a very
early period at Davenham, and afterwards removed to Nether
Alderley, in Cheshire, where the members of it possessed an estate,
and a mansion called Soss Moss Hall, [245b] which, after being for
several generations in the family, were purchased by Sir Edward
Stanley, Bart., in 1753, from William Wyche, Esq.; [245c] and are now
the property of Sir Edward’s descendant, Lord Stanley of Alderley.
The family appears to have been of great consideration, and of long
standing in the county, and one of the family, Sir Peter Wyche, was
ambassador to Constantinople, in the reign of Charles I.; [245d] he
was first cousin of Richard Wyche, the first of the family who settled
at Alderley.
The armorial bearings of the members of the family were, “Azure, a
pile ermine; crest, an arm embowed azure, cuffed ermine, holding a
trefoil vert.” [246a] In the second volume of Edmonson’s Heraldry, the
crest is rather differently stated, viz., crest, “a dexter arm embowed,
habited gules, turned up or; holding in the hand proper a sprig vert.”
In Lysons’ Magna Britannia the family is named [246b] amongst the
Cheshire families still resident in the county, whose descent has been
continued in an uninterrupted male line for more than three
centuries, and some of them for a much greater length of time. [246c]
In Ormerod’s Cheshire [246d] it is stated that some of the descendants
of the family of Wyche were still remaining in the neighbourhood of
Soss Moss Hall; that work was published in 1819: and in Lysons’
Mag. Britannia, [246e] which was published in 1810, it is stated that
the immediate descendant of this ancient family, then (in 1810),
rented a farm in the neighbourhood.
It lies in my power to corroborate those statements. William Wyche,
a tenant of my father, Richard Brooke, Esq., of Liverpool, resided,
when those works were written, and during many years previously,
on a farm which belongs to my father, [247] rather more than a mile
from Soss Moss Hall; the farm, which is called the Peck Mill Farm, is
in Little Warford, in the parish of Rostherne, and there is not any
reason to doubt that William Wyche, the tenant, was, as he claimed
to be, a lineal descendant of this ancient family. He was an old man,
of limited education even for a small farmer, so much so that if he
could read, he could not write perfectly. He died about 1821, and
the farm was then occupied by his widow, Elizabeth Wyche, for
several years, and afterwards by his son, Samuel Wyche, who was in
very poor circumstances, and left it in 1839.
On the 28th of April, 1822, and again on 26th of December, 1831, I
went to look at Soss Moss Hall; and on the 4th of September, 1848,
I happened to be at the Peck Mill Farm, and feeling a desire once
more to examine the seat of this ancient family, I walked from the
farm to Soss Moss, to amuse myself with another inspection of the
old hall, and I found little or no change in it since my first visit. It
stands about three hundred yards to the southward of the public
road at Soss Moss, in Nether Alderley, and about half that distance
from the London and North-Western (formerly the Manchester and
Birmingham) Railway, which lies between the road and the
mansion. It is two stories high, besides having one or two rooms in
the roof, and is of very antique appearance, principally built of
timber and plaster, the timber being disposed in squares, in the style
sometimes called “pillar and panel.” On the east end is the following
inscription, cut in antique letters, in stone, on a projecting stack of
chimneys, or range of chimney flues, of great size:—
T. WYCHE
1583
which, no doubt, gives the correct date of the building or rebuilding
of the eastern wing. In a room in the western wing, used as a dairy
or milk-room, is a stone slab (similar to those used in dairies for
placing vessels of milk upon), with the letters cut on it, in similar
characters, E W. W W. Of course they relate to other members of
the family of Wyche.
On entering the edifice, we come into a room on the ground floor,
now used as what is there termed a house-place (partaking in some
degree both of the nature of a sitting-room and a kitchen), lighted
by a large window, with small panes of glass let into lead, in the
cottage style; over it is a border of carved small round ornaments,
resembling the roundles of heraldry. This room has evidently been
once the large hall, or part of the large hall, or principal room of the
mansion; it has much the appearance of having had a portion of the
east end cut off to form other rooms, on the ground floor, which are
now used for various purposes; at present it looks small and
insignificant for such a mansion.
The ceiling of this room is formed of oak planks, quite black, with
strong heavy beams of oak of the same colour. It has had a very
large projecting chimney, with chimney-corners and a fire-place; but,
although the form and appearance remain, it is in part built up, and
a common modern grate and fire-place are substituted.
The principal staircase is of oak planks, and its balustrade is of the
same wood, with large flat balusters, and a heavy carved hand-rail,
all black with age. On the first floor, up the stairs, on the landing, in
one of the bed-chambers, and in a cheese-room, the old oak floors
remain nearly entire; and the oak floor also partially remains in
another room at the eastern end of the building, on the same story;
into this room a communication was not long since made from the
bed-chamber before mentioned, and in making it the workmen
discovered that they were merely reopening an old door-case (which
had been long blocked up), with its jambs and lintel.
The room into which the communication was so opened had
formerly been let off as part of a distinct dwelling; it lies at the
eastern extremity of the mansion, and is now used as a
bedchamber. It is remarkable for being the place of discovery of an
ancient painting, which it is to be regretted was never seen by any
person capable of copying or properly describing it. The old hall is
now tenanted by a farmer, who informed me that, in 1847, when he
was making a fire-place in it, at the east end, and close to the range
of chimney-flues before mentioned, with which the fire-place now
communicates, he caused some plaster to be removed, and by that
removal exposed to view a painting on stone, representing several
men and females, about five or six inches in height. The only
description which he could give me of them was, that they appeared
to him to have very droll dresses, like long flowing robes, of different
colours, with ornaments, which he supposed to represent large
buttons; that some of the figures had curiously shaped hats (his
description of them conveyed to me the idea of their being
something in the style of Spanish hats), and he stated that the
painting did not appear to him to represent any Scripture subject. It
was covered over again with building materials when the fire-place
was completed. It is much to be regretted that the figures were not
copied, or at least examined by some person conversant with such
subjects; as it is more than probable that they would have afforded
a curious and authentic illustration of the dresses of persons of the
higher classes, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, about 1583. Some
slight indications of a similar painting were once visible, over the
fire-place, in a room on the ground floor under the room which will
be next described.
There is also, on the first floor, and at the east end of the mansion,
another chamber, which once had a door of communication with the
room in which the painting was discovered, but of which the door-
way, though visible, is now built up, and which is at present entered
from the outside of the building, by a modern staircase and door. In
this chamber there is a closet, built of stone, and ingeniously built
into and forming part of the stack or range of chimney-flues before
mentioned. The chamber has a fire-place, on the left of which is the
stone closet before mentioned, which was once entered by a thin
oaken door, of which the lower half still remains, the upper portion
having been sawn off. The closet has been lighted from the outside,
by two small apertures in the stone work at the back of it, now built
up. [250a]
I could not discover that there were any traces of the old hall having
ever been surrounded by a moat, as is the case with some other
halls near that part of Cheshire. [250b]
Upon the whole, considering that it belonged to a family of
eminence in the county, I was disappointed with the size of Soss
Moss Hall, the appearance of the rooms, and the want of the
conveniences and comforts which, even three centuries ago, such a
family might be reasonably supposed to require; nor does the hall
convey to a spectator the idea of a mansion formerly inhabited by a
leading family in the county. Besides which, the situation of the hall
is bad: it is quite in a flat, the soil is poor and sandy; the public road
near it was bad in several places, within my recollection; and, from
the appearance of bog-earth in many situations close to it, there
cannot be a doubt that, less than three centuries ago, the land
about it must have been wet, and almost a swamp; and certainly it
was not the situation which we should expect a family of a certain
rank in the county, to select for their principal mansion.
The last time that I heard anything of the son of old William Wyche
was in September, 1848, when I learnt that he had been for some
time an ostler at a small inn at Knutsford, and had since been a
labouring gardener at Manchester, or in its vicinity, and was then in
very indifferent circumstances, and out of work. Such has been the
falling away, and sad reverse, in the fortunes of the old and once
high and influential Cheshire family of Wyche, or De la Wyche!
CHAPTER XII.
WILMSLOW CHURCH,
CHESHIRE. [253a]
The village of Wilmslow is in the hundred of Macclesfield, in
Cheshire, and before the introduction of railways, the mail-coach
road from Manchester to Birmingham passed through it. It has not
the advantage of having a market, but has some little trade, and
possesses the convenience of being one of the stations of the
London and North-Western (formerly the Manchester and
Birmingham) Railway, which passes close to it; and it is pleasantly
situate on the south bank of the river Bollin, which there flows
through a picturesque and beautiful valley.
The parish of Wilmslow (anciently called Le Bolyn) contains four
townships:—Bollin Fee, which comprehends the hamlets of Bollin-
cum-Norcliffe, Hough, and Dean Row; Pownall Fee, which
comprehends the hamlets of Morley and Styal; Chorley, also
comprehended in the manor of Pownall Fee; and Fulshaw.
Wilmslow, in strictness, singularly enough, consists exclusively of the
parish church with its churchyard, and of a small plot of land, now
covered with buildings, near the church; and nearly the whole of the
town is built in the hamlets of Hough and Dean Row.
The church is dedicated to St. Bartholomew, and is built of dark-
coloured stone, close to the river, and consequently derives no
advantage from elevation or position. The tower is ornamented with
battlements and pinnacles, and has a peal of six bells; and both the
tower and the church are of the Gothic style of architecture, though
with some modern alterations. The church has evidently been
rebuilt and considerably altered, at various periods, one of the latest
of which must have been not long prior to the Reformation; and it
has a clerestory and rood-loft. The nave of the church is spacious,
and on each side of it, and of the chancel, are lofty and pointed
arches, supported by octagonal pillars.
The pulpit has some handsome carved work, of a style which was
common in the time of Elizabeth and James I. On each side of the
chancel is an oratory or chapel. These chapels are separated from
the altar, by projecting wing-walls, and also from the body of the
chancel, by portions of an oaken screen, much mutilated; but the
portions which remain are sufficient to show that it has been
handsome; and on the south side, some small Tudor roses are yet
visible in many parts; and a continuation of the wood-work, much
defaced, extends under the rood-loft, so as to separate the chancel
from the nave.
The chapel on the south side of the chancel is called the Earl of
Stamford’s Chapel, or the Booth Chapel. The present Earl of
Stamford is a descendant of the family of that name. It contains a
massive raised tomb, evidently of very great antiquity, built against
the wall on the south side, and bearing a strong resemblance to an
altar; the inscription, if it ever contained any, is now quite
obliterated. A grave-stone near it commemorates the “fifth son of S.
William Booth, of Dunham Massey, who departed this life the 28th
day of March, 1620,” at least so the date appeared to me; but there
is some difficulty in deciding upon the two last figures of it, because
the wood-work of a partition nearly covers them. Adjoining to it is
another grave-stone, much defaced, to the memory of Lady
Elizabeth Booth, who died on the 14th June, 1636. It appears, from
a statement of donations painted up in another part of the church,
that this lady benevolently left a sum of money, for the distribution
of twelve loaves of bread weekly, to poor aged persons in Wilmslow;
a dole which is still kept up.
In this chapel, close to the left side of the door, on entering from the
churchyard, is an ancient pew, with carved panels at the back, on
one of which are cut the following initials and date:—
SGBB
1557.
Probably meant for Sir George Booth, of Bollin, because at one
period, the Booths resided at Bollin Hall, near Wilmslow, which was,
after many mutations and alterations, reduced to the rank of a
farmhouse, and was at last pulled down, when the railway was
made.
The chapel or oratory, on the north side of the chancel and altar, is
called the Pownall Chapel, and in its east window are four scrolls, in
stained glass, each containing the words, “Ego autem in Dño
gaudebo.” [255b] On the north side of the chapel, is a piscina [255a] in
the wall; and on the south side, on the floor, close to the projecting
wing-wall, separating it from the altar, is a grave-stone, evidently of
great antiquity, with a singularly shaped cross carved upon it, the
ends of the arms of which are sloped off, instead of being carved
square; and the inscription is almost illegible, except that on each
side of the cross, there are yet to be seen the initials T H S, in the
old characters.
At the east end of the chancel, is a large and handsome altar
window, of the Perpendicular Gothic style; and on the outside,
immediately above it, is a carved shield of arms, containing “the
Griffin segreant,” the armorial bearing of the Traffords. In the
projecting wall, on the north side of the altar, is a small square open
recess, apparently intended, in former ages, for an almbury, or
aumbery, in which the sacred vessels, and articles used in the
celebration of the mass, were usually kept. The roof of the church is
very handsome, of oak, the cross beams being elaborately carved,
and in various places in the roof, the initial letters H. T. appear in the
ancient character, doubtless intended for Henry Trafford, the last
rector of Wilmslow, before the overthrow of the Papal supremacy,
and the first of that rectory of the Reformed religion, if the
Reformation can strictly be said to have been established, during the
lifetime of the capricious monarch, Henry VIII. I shall have occasion
to say more of this ecclesiastic hereafter. There are also one or two
shields of arms painted on the beams, containing “the Griffin
segreant, gules;” they furnish additional proof, that a large portion of
the church, and probably the roof, were rebuilt or renovated, just
before the Reformation. Amongst other ornaments on the roof, an
etoile, or star, appears painted in several places where the beams
intersect each other. [256]
The font is massive, quite devoid of ornament, and bears the
appearance of great antiquity.
At the west end of the church is an arch, which is said to have
formerly opened into the belfry of the tower; it is an exact segment
of a circle; but as it has not the slightest appearance of the zig-zag,
or dog’s-tooth, or any other of the ornaments so generally met with,
on Norman arches, I am of opinion that it is of a comparatively
modern date, and was probably erected when a portion of the
church and its tower were rebuilt or altered, not long before the
Reformation. This idea receives some degree of countenance from
the circumstance, that on the south-west corner of the outside of
the tower, is a niche with its carved canopy, which formerly
contained an image, said to have been that of the Virgin Mary.
The church porch, which fronts the south, has been handsome, and
much ornamented, but is now considerably defaced, and over the
porch entrance is a handsomely carved niche with its canopy, [257a]
which is said to have contained an image of Saint Bartholomew, the
tutelary saint of the church; but at present, in lieu of the old saint,
the niche is disfigured by an unsightly slab, or piece of stone, of a
different colour to the rest of the stonework near it, let into the
niche with an inscription, communicating the important fact, that
certain good men were churchwardens some thirty or forty years
ago. [257b] The fact of the existence on the walls of an old church, of
niches, which contain, or formerly contained, images, is a sufficient
proof, that they must have been erected, at least before the
Reformation.
On the south side of the nave of the church is a chapel, projecting
into the churchyard, called the Hawthorn Chapel, which, in the last
century but one, belonged to a junior branch of the Leighs, of
Hawthorn Hall, near Wilmslow. The arms of Leigh, “argent, a lion
rampant, gardant, gules,” with a crescent for difference, and also the
crest of the family, appear painted over an arch, which connects it
with the church, and also in stained glass in the window of the
chapel.
This chapel appears, from the style of its window, to have been
rebuilt or altered, since the general prevalence of the Gothic style,
but as some remains of inscriptions, in ancient characters, have
been discovered on its walls, the inference is, that it is an old chapel
rebuilt or much altered.
Hawthorn Hall, and the estate belonging to it, afterwards came from
the Leighs to the family of Page, who were the proprietors of it, and
resided there, during a considerable part of the eighteenth century,
and at last sold it to a person named Bower, and it is now used as a
school. It is about half a mile from Wilmslow, and is an antique
brick mansion, with large gables, and a small cupola, and much
resembles the style of mansions which were in fashion during the
reign of William III., said to have been adopted from the Dutch. The
same armorial bearings, before mentioned, of the Leighs, with the
crescent for difference, appears over the principal entrances, on the
north and south fronts of the mansion; and on the lead spouts are
the initials of one of the Leighs, J L, and the date, 1698; which
probably may also give us a hint of the date of the rebuilding of the
chapel.
In my observations on Wilmslow Church, I ought not to omit
mentioning, that in the churchyard, at the east end, is an ancient
grave-stone, with the date 1596, and on the north side of the church
is another, of the same date, inscribed with the names, “Phe. Dale.”
[258]
Under the altar is an under-ground chapel or sacristy, which at one
time was unworthily used as a charnel-house, and when I visited it,
in January, 1849, it was a place of deposit for bricks and rubbish; I
am glad to hear that they have since been removed. With some
difficulty I entered it from the churchyard, by an opening which
exists under the large altar window. It is not vaulted with stone, as
might have been expected, but the wooden floor near the altar
forms its roof. Three recesses, resembling sedilia, in the Gothic
style, and which, if they had been discovered near an altar, would be
at once pronounced to be sedilia, are formed in the wall in front of
the opening, and the centre one has an inclined groove on each
side, cut into the stone, which rather conveys the impression as if a
temporary desk, for reading, had formerly been sometimes fixed up
there. It is lighted by loopholes, opening into the churchyard; and
on the south side is a narrow winding staircase, of which many of
the steps remain, which at one time gave access from the altar to it,
but the communication is now built up. The steps in it commence
under a plain Gothic arch, and the staircase was lighted by a
loophole, which still remains.
The following is a list of the names of the various Rectors of
Wilmslow, from 1339:—[259a]
Hugo Fitton.
1339—2nd September Thomas de Chatterton.
Thomas Ffrost.
1412—28th April Galfridus Boseley.
Willielmus de Bothe.
1418—26th Julii Georgius Radcliffe.
Galfridus Boseley.
1419—11th September Georgius Radcliffe.
1425—20th October Ricardus Radcliffe.
1456— Radulphus Davenport.
1500—13th February Robertus Broke.
1522—Ante Henry Trafford, D.D. [259b]
1537—Circa Henry Ryle.
1542— Henry Trafford.
1591—30th September William Massie, B.D.
1610—27th August Thomas Wright.
1654—12th December, ante John Brereton.
1660— Thomas Wright.
1661—28th November Peter Ledsham.
1673—16th February Francis Mosley.
1699—24th August John Usherwood, A.M.
1705—9th December Joshua Wakefield.
1718—21st November Henry Moore, D.D.
1770—4th March Edward Berresford, A.M.
1787—16th April Croxton Johnson, LL.B.
1814—28th March Joseph Bradshaw, A.M.
The Rev. John Matthias Turner, D.D., afterwards Bishop of Calcutta,
succeeded to the rectory about 1823, an interval having elapsed
subsequent to the death of Mr. Bradshaw, about 1820, during which
the living was in sequestration.
The present rector is the Rev. William Brownlow, M.A., who
succeeded the Rev. Dr. Turner, in 1829.
Whilst describing Wilmslow Church, although I avow myself a
Protestant, and a member of the Church of England, without any
kind of leaning towards the Church of Rome, and without even
admiration of her rites or ceremonies, I feel myself called upon, as
an act of common justice to our Roman Catholic predecessors, to
mention, that I have remarked, both in Wilmslow Church, and in
various other ancient churches erected before the Reformation, that
they appear better calculated for hearing, or, in other words, for the
transmission of sound, than more modern churches; yet we might
suppose that the large arches and massive pillars in the former
would militate against that effect. It may be that the architects of
an age gone by, understood the science of acoustics better than
those of our time, and I throw out the suggestion (without giving
any confident opinion), whether the pillars, arches, and carved oak
roof, may not have the effect of preventing the too great number of
pulses, or repetitions of sound in a given time, by returns from the
walls, on the principle, that although the human voice in a large
room, quite devoid of furniture, carpets, curtains, or a crowded
assembly, will often produce a confused and indistinct echo, yet the
resonance of the room becomes diminished, and the reverberation
of sound becomes less, and consequently we can sometimes hear
better, when the speaker is delivering his address in the room, when
it is properly furnished, and contains a number of auditors. I may
also add, that there is not any place of worship which I have been
accustomed to attend, where I am more impressed (if so much) with
feelings of devotion, than when attending divine service in this and
other ancient churches erected before the Reformation; whether
those feelings may arise from the reflection forcing itself upon the
mind, that generations after generations of our fellow-creatures have
worshipped there, and died since the walls of the sacred edifice
were erected, or whether the massive walls, pillars, arches, and
Gothic windows, naturally produce a certain degree of solemnity or
seriousness on the mind, I cannot say; I can only speak to the effect
which I have mentioned, be the cause what it may.
There is a very ancient chest in the vestry, in which are contained
the parish books, which is said to be 500 years old. It is formed out
of one solid block of oak, nearly four feet wide, by five feet long, and
three feet deep.
On the north side of the altar, and erected as a continuation of the
wing-wall before mentioned, is a very remarkable and perfect
monument. On an altar-tomb, [261] and in flowing ecclesiastical
robes, lies, the size of life, the effigy of Henry Trafford, who was
rector of Wilmslow, both whilst the Roman Catholic religion was
predominant here, and after the overthrow of the Papal supremacy.
He obtained the living at least as early as 1522, and died in 1537;
and the figure is interesting, as combining, so to speak, badges of
both the old and the reformed religion. The head has the tonsure or
shaven crown, but it rests upon a large clasped book, evidently
intended for a Bible: a combination which I do not recollect having
ever seen in any other monument. On the leaves of the Bible, parts
of a short inscription are visible; but I was not able to read more
than the words “ut non,” which are not very legible. Round the four
upper edges of the tomb is the following inscription, which
unfortunately is not cut, but painted on the stone, and although now
legible, it is by no means certain that it will long continue so:—
“Hic jacet corp’ Mr. Henr’ci Treffort sacre theologie doctor
lice’ciat quo’d’ ca’celarii metropolit’ eccl’ie Ebor’ et Rector de
Holtō psōn Rector etia ’eccl’sie de Siglisthorn & i’ti eccl’ie qui
obiit primo die me’s’ Augusti ann’ D’ni - - - MCCCCCXXXVII cuj’ ai’e
o’ipote’s De’ sit p’pti’.”
In English the inscription reads thus:—
Here lies the body of Mr. Henry Trafford, a Doctor in Divinity,
formerly Surrogate of the Chancellor of the Metropolitan Church
of York, and Rector of Halton, Parson and Rector of the Church
of Sigglisthorne, and of this Church, who died on the first day of
the month of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand five
hundred and thirty-seven: to whose soul be the Almighty God
merciful.
In Lysons’ Mag. Brit. [262a] it is stated, that on the side of this tomb
are painted an emaciated body, and scrolls with inscriptions, in text-
hand. I however could not discover any trace of them, and probably
they have been for some time defaced.
In the reign of Henry V. the advowson of Wilmslow came to the
family of Trafford, and now belongs to Sir T. J. De Trafford, [262b]
Bart.
In the north wall of the Pownall Chapel are two obtuse arches, with
crockets and foliage; one containing a tomb, on which rests the
figure of a man, in flowing robes, his head resting between two tuns
or casks, with a scroll on his body, containing the word “Neuton.”
The adjoining one contains a tomb, on which rests the figure of a
female, in a flowing robe, with the head resting on a garb, or sheaf
of corn, and with a purse or pouch attached to her girdle. Both
tombs have fronts, ornamented with remains of carved work and
shields, but they are so much in the dark, by the construction of the
seats, and the valances in the pews, that even with a candle which
the sexton brought me, I could not discover any armorial bearings.
The pew adjoining the tomb which has the figure of the man, was
not long ago used by the residents of Pownall Hall, near Wilmslow,
which formerly belonged to an ancient family named Fitton,
afterwards to another named Pownall, and, after passing through
many hands, was purchased by Mr. John Worrall, in 1817, and was
again sold, some eighteen or nineteen years ago, to James Pownall,
Esq., [263a] of Liverpool, who resided there for some time after his
purchase.
It is well known what a proneness existed, during the middle ages,
to make punning rebuses, even in sacred buildings; and if the male
figure be intended for the effigy of Humphrey Newton, after
mentioned, I cannot discover a reason for the head of that figure
being placed or fitted between two tuns or casks, which appears
intended as a rebus or figurative enigma on the word Fit-ton, and
has no allusion, that I am aware of, to the word Newton. I do not
mean to hazard any opinion as to the time when the word “Neuton”
was inscribed on it; but, if it were originally inscribed there, I cannot
see the application of the punning rebus to the name Newton. I
could not find the slightest trace of any inscription except that, on
either of the monuments; but we are informed, on the authority of
Ormerod, [263b] that on the man’s tomb was formerly the following
inscription:—“Orate pro Humphrido Neuton de Pownall Armigero, et
Elena uxore ejus, fil: et hered: Tho. Fitton et Cecilie ux: ejus, qui
obiit A.D. MCCCCC.” A modern inscription, in stained glass, also
commemorating Humphrey Newton and Ellen his wife, has been
recently placed in the window above the tomb.
In the chancel, in the front of the altar, is a grave-stone, with
brasses, representing a male and female, Sir Robert Booth, Knight,
of Bollin and Dunham, and Douce, his wife, with the right hand of
the former clasping that of the latter. This Sir Robert Booth is said
[264a]
to have been slain at the battle of Blore Heath, in the wars of
York and Lancaster; and there is every reason to believe the
statement, which is corroborated in a remarkable manner, by the
fact that the battle was fought on St. Tecla’s day, [264b] 1459, which
saint’s day is mentioned in the inscription on the brass, as the date
of his death. The following is a copy of the inscription, given by
Ormerod:[264c]—“Hic jacent corpus Roberti del Bothe, militis,
quondam d’ni de Bolyn, Thorneton, et Dunh’m qui obiit in festo s’ce
Tecle Virginis anno domini mill’mo ccccLX [264d] et corpus Dulcie ux’ris
d’ci Rob’ti del Bothe que obiit in castrino s’cte be’e Virginis anno
Domini mill’mo CCCC quinquagesimo tercio, quorum animabus
p’p’tietur Deus. Amen.”
Some parts of the inscription have been purloined or lost, and some
portions are preserved in the vestry, and a small part still remains
affixed to the stone; but if the inscription given by Ormerod be
correct, as there is reason to believe, one or two fragments, which
probably got loose, have been injudiciously riveted on, in wrong
