POLYNOMIAL

Polynomial: Polynominal is made up of two words, namely 'poly' meaning many and
'nominal' meaning terms. A polynomial is an algebric expression consisting of vari-
ables and coefficients that involves only the operation of addition, subtraction, multi-
plication, positive integer powers of variables. It is denoted by f(x), g(x), h(x) etc to
denote a polynomial in variable x.

x
f(x), g(x), h(x)
Example: f(x) = 2x² + 7x² – 4x + 15 and g(x) = 3x4 + 7xy² - 5

First term = 2x
2

Second term = –3xy

Third term = 5y2

1. Which one of the following is polynomial ?

(a) 3 x (b) 2 x + 5 (c) 4 3 x (d) x³ + x² +

2. Which one of the following is polynomial ?

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 1
(a) x² + y² = 0 (b) x² + (c) x + 3 x (d) x³ + x² + x
x²

3. Which of the following is/are polynomial:

5 3
7x + 5
(b) 5x + 3x
2 2
(a) 7a + 5 (c) 7P + 5 (d)
x 7x – 5

4. Which one is the constant term

4x4 + 7x² + 2x³ + 5x + 7

(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 2 (d) 4

Ans. (b)7
5. Which one is the constant term

4x5 + 7x² + 4 + 5x+ 7x³

(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 2 (d) 4
Ans. (d)4
6. How many terms in the expression

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 ax³ + bx² + cx + d
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 2
Ans. (b)4
7. How many terms in the expression

8x5 + 3x² + 6x4 + x3 + 6x + 2

(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 2
Ans. (c)6
8. The second term of the expression

F(x) = ax4 + 6x³ + 2x² + 3

(a) 3 (b) 2x² (c) ax4 (d) 6x³
Ans. (d) 6x³
9. Coefficient of x² in (x - 1) (x - 2) is:
(x – 1) (x – 2) x²
(a) 2 (b) –2 (c) –1 (d) 1

π
10. Coefficient of x² in x² – 3x + 4 is:
6
π
x² – 3x + 4 x²
6

π
(a) 4 (b) –2 (c) –3 (d)
6

11. Find the Coefficient of x4 in the expansion of

x4 (x² + x + 1) (x² - x + 1)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) –1 (d) –2

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12. What is the sum of coefficients of polynomial

f(x) = 3x² + 5x + 4
(a) 12 (b) 10 (c) 11 (d) 13

13. What is the product of coefficients of polynomial

f(x) = 3x² + 5x + 4
(a) 65 (b) 55 (c) 60 (d) 70

Polynomial have following types on the basis of terms

MONOMIAL : An algebraic expression containing only one term is called a monomial.

2 5
Example: {-5,3y,7xy, , a² bc³} are monomials.
3 3
BINOMIAL : An algebraic expression containing two terms is a called a binomial.

Example : {2x-3, 3x+2y, xyz - 5} are all binomials.

Note that 3a + 7a is not a binomial, because 3a+7a = 10a, which is monomial
TRINOMIAL : An algebraic expression containing three terms is called a trinomial.

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 Example.: {x + y + z, a - b + 2, x² + y² - xy, p³ - 2q³ - 3p²q²r} are trinomial
14. Name the polynomial of the given expression ?

P(x) = 7x³ + 3xy²

(a) Monomial (b) Binomial (c) Trinomial (d) Quadrinomial

15. What kind of polynomial has three terms

(a) Monomial (b) Binomial (c) Trinomial (d) Quadrinomial

16. Which of the following is a binomial

(a) 9a (b) 7a² + 8 + 8a (c) 3a × 4b × 2c (d) 11a2 + 11a

Degree
Degree: Highest power of a polynomial is called degree of polynomial.

Example: f(x) = 4x³ - 2x² + 8x - 21 and g(x) = 7x² - 3x + 12

Degree = 3 Degree = 2
Note: Degree of zero polynomial is not defined

Example: Example:
2,3,5.... x + 2, 3u+4 2x2+5, 5x2+2x+ 3
8x , 6 – x 3
10x4, ax4 – bx3

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17. Classify the following polynomials as constant, linear, quadratic, cubic and biquadratic.

(a) 0 (b) 0 (c) 0 (d) 0

A. 7 B. - 12
C. 3P D. 1+x
E. x2 + x F. y + y2 + 4
G. 7a4 + 4b3 H. x2 - xy + 7y2
I. x2 - 2tx + 7t2 - x + t J. x4 + 2x3 + 4x2 + 1

18. Degree of the zero polynomial is

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 (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) any natural number (d) not defined

19. Zero of the zero polynomial is.

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) any natural number (d) not defined

20. Write the degree and name of polynomial of the following.

Degree Polynomial
(a) 6
(b) 6x³ + 4x² + 3x +2
(c) 3x+1
(d) 6x4 + 3x³ + 3x² + 2
(e) 8x - 6x³ + x²
(f) 8x

Concept
Value of Polynomial: The value of a polynomial F (x) at x = '' '' is obtained by substitut-
ing ''x = '' '' in the given polynomial which is denoted by F ( ).
x = '' '' F (x) ''x = '' ''
F( )

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21. Find the value of polynomial

P(x) = x² + x + 1, at x = 1 and x = - 3
(a) 3,7 (b) 7,4 (c) 7,5 (d) 5,7

22. Find the value of polynomial

P (y) = 6y² - 24y - 51, at y = - 2.

(a) 20 (b) 21 (c) 22 (d) 23

23. Find the value of polynomial

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 P (x) = 2x² - 13x² + 17x + 12, at
x = 2 and at x = - 3.
(a) 0, -210 (b) 1, 3 (c) 2, 5 (d) 3, - 110
24. Find the value of polynomial

P (x) = x³ + 6x² - 3x + 3, at x = - 1
(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 13 (d) 11
Zeros or Root of Polynomials
The value of variable ''x'' for which the value of polynomial become zero is called as
zeros of the polynomial
''x''
i.e. f (x) = a n xn + an-1 xn-1 + ......a1x + a0, If f(x) = 0
• A polynomial of degree n has exactly n roots/ n n

• Roots may be complex or real/

• Roots may be reapted/

25. Find the zero of the polynomial.

(I) P (x) = x - 5

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 (II) q (x) = x + 4 /

(III) f (t) = 2t - 3 /

(IV) P (y) = 5y + 1/

1
26. If x = - is a zero of the polynomial p(x) = 8x³ - ax² - x + 2, find the value of a.
2
1
x=- p(x) = 8x³ - ax² - x + 2, a
2
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) –5 (d) –6

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27. If x = 0 and x = - 1 are the roots of the polynomial f(x) = 2x3 - 3x2 + ax + b find the value
of a and b
x = 0 and x = - 1 f(x) = 2x³ - 3x² + ax + b a b
(a) 0, 5 (b) 5, 0 (c) -5,0 (d) 0,0

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28. If 2 and 0 are the zeros of the polynomial f(x) = 2x³ - 5x² + ax + b, then find the value of
a and b ?
f(x) = 2x³ - 5x² + ax + b a b
(a) 0, 2 (b) 2, 0 (c) 3, 0 (d) 0, 3

29. Find the zero (root) of the polynomial.

P(x) = ax, a  0
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) 3

30. Find the zero (root) of the polynomial.

1
P(x) = x² + x–2
6
3 2 3 4 –3 4
(a) 3, 4 (b) , (c) , (d) ,
4 3 2 3 2 3

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 Concept
Integral root theorem: If f(x) is a polynomial with integral coefficients and the leading
coefficient is 1, then any integer root of f(x) is a factor of the constant term.
f(x) f(x)

31. Find the integral root of polynomial

x³ - 6x² + 11x - 6
(a) 1,2,4 (b) 2, 3,4 (c) 1,2,3 (d) 3,4,5

Factorization/
Factor theorem: If(x-a) is factor of f(x) then f(a) = 0
Examle: Is (x-1) factor of x² – 2x + 1 ?
Step 1: Put factor = 0 i.e x – 1 = 0 then x = 1
Step 2: Put value of x in function i.e, put x = 1 in x² – 2x + 1
Step 3: If result of polynomial after putting value of x gives result
as 0 then it is the factor of polynomial i.e
F(1) = 1² - 2 × 1 + 1 = 0
Hence (x - 1) factor of x² - 2x + 1
32. The factor of (x² - 8x - 20) are.
(x² - 8x - 20)
(a) (x +10) (x - 2) (b) (x - 10) (x + 2) (c) (x - 5) (x + 4) (d) (x + 5) (x - 4)

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33. The factor of (x² – xy – 72y²) are.
(x² – xy – 72y²)
(a) (x - 8y) (x + 9y) (b) (x + 8y) (x - 9y) (c) (x - y) (x + 72y) (d) (x - 6y) (x + 12y)

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34. The factor of (x² - 11xy - 60y²) are.
(x² - 11xy - 60y²)
(a) (x + 15y) (x - 4y) (b) (x - 15y) (x + 4y) (c) (15x + y) (4x -y) (d) N.O.T
Ans. (b) (x - 15y) (x + 4y)
35. The factor of (x² - 1 - 2a - a²) are.
(x² - 1 - 2a - a²)
(a) (x - a + 1) (x - a - 1) (b) (x + a - 1) (x - a + 1)
(c) (x + a + 1) (x - a - 1) (d) N.O.T

36. What is the factor of/

x29 - x26 - x23 + 1
(a) (x-1) but not (x+1) (b) (x+1) but not (x-1)
(c) both (x-1) and (x+1) (d) neither (x-1) nor (x+1)

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37. Let f(x) = x³ - 6x² + 11x - 6 then which one of the following is not a factor of f(x)
f(x) = x³ - 6x² + 11x - 6 (x)
(a) x–1 (b) x–2 (c) x+3 (d) x–3

38. Value of k for which (x – 1) is a factor of (x³ – k) is.

k (x – 1) (x³ – k)
(a) –1 (b) 1 (c) 8 (d) –8

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