Ex.

No: 01 Develop an application that uses GUI components, Font and Colors

Date:

Aim:
To develop a Simple Android Application that uses GUI components, Font and Colors.
Procedure:
Creating a New project:
 Open Android Studio and then click on File -> New -> New project.

 Then type the Application name as “exno1″and click Next.

 Then select the Minimum SDK as shown below and click Next.
 Then select the Empty Activity and click Next.
 Finally click Finish.
 It will take some time to build and load the project.
 After completion it will look as given below.

1
Designing layout for the Android Application:

 Click on app -> res -> layout -> activity_main.xml.

 Now click on Text as shown below.

 Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.

Code for Activity_main.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="30dp"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="Hello World!"
android:textSize="25sp"
android:textStyle="bold" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/button1"
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android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="20dp"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="Change font size"
android:textSize="25sp" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/button2"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="20dp"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="Change color"
android:textSize="25sp" />
</LinearLayout>
 Now click on Design and your application will look as given below.

 So now the designing part is completed.

Java Coding for the Android Application:
 Click on app -> java -> com.example.exno1 -> MainActivity.
 Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.

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Code for MainActivity.java:
package com.example.exno1;
import android.graphics.Color;
//import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity
{
int ch=1; float font=30;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
final TextView t= (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView);
Button b1= (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
b1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener()
{
@Override public void onClick(View v)
{
t.setTextSize(font);
font = font + 5;
if (font == 50)
font = 30;
}
});
Button b2= (Button) findViewById(R.id.button2);
b2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (ch) {
case 1:
t.setTextColor(Color.RED); break;
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case 2:
t.setTextColor(Color.GREEN); break;
case 3:
t.setTextColor(Color.BLUE); break;
case 4:
t.setTextColor(Color.CYAN); break;
case 5:
t.setTextColor(Color.YELLOW); break;
case 6:
t.setTextColor(Color.MAGENTA); break;
}
ch++;
if (ch == 7)

ch = 1;
}
});
}
}
 So now the Coding part is also completed.
 Now run the application to see the output.

Output:

Result:
Thus a Simple Android Application that uses GUI components, Font and Colors is
developed and executed successfully.

5
 Ex. No: 02 Develop an application that uses Layout Managers and Event Listeners

Date:

Aim:
To develop a Simple Android Application that uses Layout Managers and Event Listeners.
Procedure:
Creating a New project:
 Open Android Studio and then click on File -> New -> New project.

 Then type the Application name as “exno2″ and click Next.

 Then select the Minimum SDK as shown below and click Next.
 Then select the Empty Activity and click Next.
 Finally click Finish.
 It will take some time to build and load the project.
 After completion it will look as given below.

Creating Second Activity for the Android Application:

 Click on File -> New -> Activity -> Empty Activity.

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  Type the Activity Name as SecondActivity and click Finish button.
 Thus Second Activity For the application is created.
Designing Layout for Main Activity:
 Click on app -> res -> layout -> activity_main.xml.
 Now click on Text as shown below.
 Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.

Code for Activity_main.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="100dp">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="30dp"

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android:text="Details Form"
android:textSize="25sp"
android:gravity="center"/>
</LinearLayout>
<GridLayout
android:id="@+id/gridLayout" android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_marginTop="100dp"
android:layout_marginBottom="200dp" android:columnCount="2" android:rowCount="3">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView1" android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_margin="10dp" android:layout_row="0"
android:layout_column="0" android:text="Name" android:textSize="20sp"
android:gravity="center"/>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/editText" android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_margin="10dp" android:layout_row="0"
android:layout_column="1" android:ems="10"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView2" android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_margin="10dp" android:layout_row="1"
android:layout_column="0" android:text="Reg.No" android:textSize="20sp"
android:gravity="center"/>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/editText2" android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_margin="10dp" android:layout_row="1"
android:layout_column="1" android:inputType="number" android:ems="10"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView3" android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_margin="10dp" android:layout_row="2"
android:layout_column="0" android:text="Dept" android:textSize="20sp" android:gravity="center"/>
<Spinner
android:id="@+id/spinner" android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_margin="10dp" android:layout_row="2"
android:layout_column="1" android:spinnerMode="dropdown"/>
</GridLayout>
<Button
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android:id="@+id/button" android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:layout_centerInParent="true" android:layout_marginBottom="150dp"
android:text="Submit"/>
</RelativeLayout>
Designing Layout for Second Activity:
 Click on app -> res -> layout -> activity_second.xml.
 Now click on Text as shown below.
 Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.
Code for Activity_second.xml:
<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context="com.example.devang.exno2.SecondActivity"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:gravity="center">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView1" android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_margin="20dp" android:text="New Text"
android:textSize="30sp"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView2" android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_margin="20dp" android:text="New Text"
android:textSize="30sp"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView3" android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_margin="20dp" android:text="New Text"
android:textSize="30sp"/>
</LinearLayout>
 Now click on Design and your activity will look as given below.
 So now the designing part of Second Activity is also completed.
Java Coding for the Android Application:
 Java Coidng for Main Activity:
 Click on app -> java -> com.example.exno2 -> MainActivity.
 Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.

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Code for MainActivity.java:
package com.example.exno2;

import android.content.Intent;
//import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Spinner;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
//Defining the Views EditText e1,e2; Button bt;
Spinner s;
//Data for populating in Spinner
String [] dept_array={"CSE","ECE","IT","Mech","Civil"};
String name,reg,dept;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//Referring the Views
e1= (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText);
e2= (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText2); bt= (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
s= (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.spinner);
//Creating Adapter for Spinner for adapting the data from array to Spinner
ArrayAdapter adapter=new
ArrayAdapter(MainActivity.this,android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item,dept_array);
s.setAdapter(adapter);
//Creating Listener for Button bt.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
//Getting the Values from Views(Edittext & Spinner) name=e1.getText().toString();
reg=e2.getText().toString(); dept=s.getSelectedItem().toString();
//Intent For Navigating to Second Activity
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Intent i = new Intent(MainActivity.this,SecondActivity.class);
//For Passing the Values to Second Activity i.putExtra("name_key", name);
i.putExtra("reg_key",reg);
i.putExtra("dept_key", dept);
startActivity(i);
}
});
}
}
Java Coding for Second Activity:
 Click on app -> java -> com.example.exno2 -> SecondActivity.
 Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.
Code for SecondActivity.java:
package com.example.exno2;
import android.content.Intent;
//import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
public class SecondActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
TextView t1,t2,t3;
String name,reg,dept; @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_second);
t1= (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView1);
t2= (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView2);
t3= (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView3);
//Getting the Intent Intent i = getIntent();
//Getting the Values from First Activity using the Intent received
name=i.getStringExtra("name_key"); reg=i.getStringExtra("reg_key");
dept=i.getStringExtra("dept_key");
//Setting the Values to Intent
t1.setText(name);
t2.setText(reg);
t3.setText(dept);
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}
}
 So now the Coding part of Second Activity is also completed.
 Now run the application to see the output.

Output:

Result:
Thus a Simple Android Application that uses Layout Managers and Event Listeners is
developed and executed successfully.

12
 Ex. No: 03 Write an application that draws Basic Graphical Primitives on the screen

Date:

Aim:
To develop a Simple Android Application that draws basic Graphical Primitives on the
screen.
Procedure:
Creating a New project:
 Open Android Studio and then click on File -> New -> New project.
 Then type the Application name as “exno3″ and click Next.
 Then select the Minimum SDK as shown below and click Next.
 Then select the Empty Activity and click Next.
 Finally click Finish.
 It will take some time to build and load the project.
 After completion it will look as given below.
Designing layout for the Android Application:
 Click on app -> res -> layout -> activity_main.xml.
 Now click on Text as shown below.
 Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.
Code for Activity_main.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent">
<ImageView
android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:id="@+id/imageView" />
</RelativeLayout>
• Now click on Design and your application will look as given below.
• So now the designing part is completed.
Java Coding for the Android Application:
• Click on app -> java -> com.example.exno3 -> MainActivity.
• Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.

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Code for MainActivity.java:
package com.example.exno3;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.drawable.BitmapDrawable;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ImageView;
public class MainActivity extends Activity
{
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//Creating a Bitmap
Bitmap bg = Bitmap.createBitmap(720, 1280, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
//Setting the Bitmap as background for the ImageView
ImageView i = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imageView);
i.setBackgroundDrawable(new BitmapDrawable(bg));
//Creating the Canvas Object
Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bg);
//Creating the Paint Object and set its color & TextSize
Paint paint = new Paint();
paint.setColor(Color.BLUE);
paint.setTextSize(50);
//To draw a Rectangle
canvas.drawText("Rectangle", 420, 150, paint);
canvas.drawRect(400, 200, 650, 700, paint);
//To draw a Circle
canvas.drawText("Circle", 120, 150, paint);
canvas.drawCircle(200, 350, 150, paint);
//To draw a Square
canvas.drawText("Square", 120, 800, paint);
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canvas.drawRect(50, 850, 350, 1150, paint);
//To draw a Line
canvas.drawText("Line", 480, 800, paint);
canvas.drawLine(520, 850, 520, 1150, paint);
}
}
• So now the Coding part is also completed.
• Now run the application to see the output.

Output:

Result:
Thus a Simple Android Application that draws basic Graphical Primitives on the screen is
developed and executed successfully.

15
 Ex. No: 04 Develop an application that makes use of database

Date:

Aim:
To develop a Simple Android Application that makes use of Database.
Procedure:
Creating a New project:
 Open Android Studio and then click on File -> New -> New project.
 Then type the Application name as “exno4″ and click Next.
 Then select the Minimum SDK as shown below and click Next.
 Then select the Empty Activity and click Next.
 Finally click Finish.
 It will take some time to build and load the project.
 After completion it will look as given below.
Designing layout for the Android Application:
 Click on app -> res -> layout -> activity_main.xml.
 Now click on Text as shown below.
 Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.
Code for Activity_main.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<AbsoluteLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_x="50dp"
android:layout_y="20dp"
android:text="Student Details"
android:textSize="30sp" />
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_x="20dp"
android:layout_y="110dp"
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android:text="Enter Rollno:"
android:textSize="20sp" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/Rollno"
android:layout_width="150dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_x="175dp"
android:layout_y="100dp"
android:inputType="number"
android:textSize="20sp" />
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_x="20dp"
android:layout_y="160dp"
android:text="Enter Name:"
android:textSize="20sp" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/Name"
android:layout_width="150dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_x="175dp"
android:layout_y="150dp"
android:inputType="text"
android:textSize="20sp" />
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_x="20dp"
android:layout_y="210dp"
android:text="Enter Marks:"
android:textSize="20sp" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/Marks"
android:layout_width="150dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
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android:layout_x="175dp"
android:layout_y="200dp"
android:inputType="number"
android:textSize="20sp" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/Insert"
android:layout_width="150dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_x="25dp"
android:layout_y="300dp"
android:text="Insert"
android:textSize="30dp" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/Delete"
android:layout_width="150dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_x="200dp"
android:layout_y="300dp"
android:text="Delete"
android:textSize="30dp" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/Update"
android:layout_width="150dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_x="25dp"
android:layout_y="400dp"
android:text="Update"
android:textSize="30dp" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/View"
android:layout_width="150dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_x="200dp"
android:layout_y="400dp"
android:text="View"
android:textSize="30dp" />
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<Button
android:id="@+id/ViewAll"
android:layout_width="200dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_x="100dp"
android:layout_y="500dp"
android:text="View All"
android:textSize="30dp" />

</AbsoluteLayout>
 Now click on Design and your application will look as given below.
 So now the designing part is completed.
Java Coding for the Android Application:
 Click on app -> java -> com.example.exno4 -> MainActivity.
 Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.

Code for MainActivity.java:

packagecom.example.exno4;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog.Builder;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener
{
EditText Rollno,Name,Marks;
Button Insert,Delete,Update,View,ViewAll;
SQLiteDatabase db;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
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{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

Rollno=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.Rollno);
Name=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.Name);
Marks=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.Marks);
Insert=(Button)findViewById(R.id.Insert);
Delete=(Button)findViewById(R.id.Delete);
Update=(Button)findViewById(R.id.Update);
View=(Button)findViewById(R.id.View);
ViewAll=(Button)findViewById(R.id.ViewAll);

Insert.setOnClickListener(this);
Delete.setOnClickListener(this);
Update.setOnClickListener(this);
View.setOnClickListener(this);
ViewAll.setOnClickListener(this);

// Creating database and table

db=openOrCreateDatabase("StudentDB", Context.MODE_PRIVATE, null);
db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS student(rollno VARCHAR,name
VARCHAR,marks VARCHAR);");
}
public void onClick(View view)
{
// Inserting a record to the Student table
if(view==Insert)
{
// Checking for empty fields
if(Rollno.getText().toString().trim().length()==0||
Name.getText().toString().trim().length()==0|| Marks.getText().toString().trim().length()==0)
{
showMessage("Error", "Please enter all values"); return;
}

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db.execSQL("INSERT INTO student VALUES('"+Rollno.getText()+"','"+Name.getText()+
"','"+Marks.getText()+"');");
showMessage("Success", "Record added"); clearText();
}
// Deleting a record from the Student table
if(view==Delete)
{
// Checking for empty roll number
if(Rollno.getText().toString().trim().length()==0)
{
showMessage("Error", "Please enter Rollno"); return;
}
Cursor c=db.rawQuery("SELECT * FROM student WHERE rollno='"+Rollno.getText()+"'", null);
if(c.moveToFirst())
{
db.execSQL("DELETE FROM student WHERE rollno='"+Rollno.getText()+"'");
showMessage("Success", "Record Deleted");
}
else
{
showMessage("Error", "Invalid Rollno");
}
clearText();
}
// Updating a record in the Student table
if(view==Update)
{
// Checking for empty roll number
if(Rollno.getText().toString().trim().length()==0)
{
showMessage("Error", "Please enter Rollno"); return;
}
Cursor c=db.rawQuery("SELECT * FROM student WHERE rollno='"+Rollno.getText()+"'", null);
if(c.moveToFirst()) {
db.execSQL("UPDATE student SET name='" + Name.getText() + "',marks='" + Marks.getText() + "'
WHERE rollno='"+Rollno.getText()+"'");
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showMessage("Success", "Record Modified");
}
else {
showMessage("Error", "Invalid Rollno");
}
clearText();
}
// Display a record from the Student table
if(view==View)
{
// Checking for empty roll number
if(Rollno.getText().toString().trim().length()==0)
{
showMessage("Error", "Please enter Rollno"); return;
}
Cursor c=db.rawQuery("SELECT * FROM student WHERE rollno='"+Rollno.getText()+"'", null);
if(c.moveToFirst())
{
Name.setText(c.getString(1)); Marks.setText(c.getString(2));
}
else
{
showMessage("Error", "Invalid Rollno"); clearText();
}
}
// Displaying all the records
if(view==ViewAll)
{
Cursor c=db.rawQuery("SELECT * FROM student", null); if(c.getCount()==0)
{
showMessage("Error", "No records found"); return;
}
StringBuffer buffer=new StringBuffer(); while(c.moveToNext())
{
buffer.append("Rollno: "+c.getString(0)+"\n"); buffer.append("Name: "+c.getString(1)+"\n");
buffer.append("Marks: "+c.getString(2)+"\n\n");
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}
showMessage("Student Details", buffer.toString());
}
}
public void showMessage(String title,String message)
{
Builder builder=new Builder(this);
builder.setCancelable(true);
builder.setTitle(title);
builder.setMessage(message); builder.show();
}
public void clearText()
{
Rollno.setText("");
Name.setText("");
Marks.setText("");
Rollno.requestFocus();
}
}
• So now the Coding part is also completed.
• Now run the application to see the output.
Output:

23
24
Result:
Thus a Simple Android Application that makes use of Database is developed and executed
successfully.

25
 Ex. No: 05 Develop an application that makes use of Notification Manager

Date:

Aim:
To develop an Android Application that makes use of Notification Manager.
Procedure:
Creating a New project:
 Open Android Studio and then click on File -> New -> New project.
 Then type the Application name as “exno5″and click Next.
 Then select the Minimum SDK as shown below and click Next.
 Then select the Empty Activity and click Next.
 Finally click Finish.
 It will take some time to build and load the project.
 After completion it will look as given below.
Designing layout for the Android Application:
 Click on app -> res -> layout -> activity_main.xml.
 Now click on Text as shown below.
 Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.

Code for Activity_main.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:gravity="center"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<Button
android:id="@+id/btnSimpleNotification"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Simple Notification" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btnNotificationIcon"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Notification With Icon" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btnNotificationImage"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Notification With Image" />

26
<Button
android:id="@+id/btnNotificationWithGroupConvo"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Notification With Group Conversation" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btnNotificationSemantic"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Notification Semantic Action" />
</LinearLayout>

Java Coding for the Android Application:

 Click on app -> java -> com.example.exno5 -> MainActivity.
 Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.

Code for MainActivity.java:

packagecom.example.exno5;

import android.app.NotificationChannel;
import android.app.NotificationManager; import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.net.Uri;
import androidx.core.app.NotificationCompat;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.Person;
import androidx.core.graphics.drawable.IconCompat;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.util.Date;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

NotificationManager notificationManager;
NotificationCompat.Builder builder;
NotificationChannel channel;

CharSequence charSequence = "";

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

Button btnSimpleNotification = findViewById(R.id.btnSimpleNotification);

27
Button btnNotificationIcon = findViewById(R.id.btnNotificationIcon);
Button btnNotificationImage = findViewById(R.id.btnNotificationImage);
Button btnNotificationWithGroupConvo = findViewById(R.id.btnNotificationWithGroupConvo);
Button btnNotificationSemantic = findViewById(R.id.btnNotificationSemantic);

charSequence = btnNotificationIcon.getText();

btnSimpleNotification.setOnClickListener(this);
btnNotificationIcon.setOnClickListener(this);
btnNotificationImage.setOnClickListener(this);
btnNotificationWithGroupConvo.setOnClickListener(this);
btnNotificationSemantic.setOnClickListener(this);

notificationManager = (NotificationManager)
getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
CharSequence name = "My Notification";
String description = "yadda yadda";
int importance = NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT;

channel = new NotificationChannel("1", name, importance);

channel.setDescription(description);

builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(MainActivity.this, channel.getId())

.setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(channel);
}

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {

switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.btnSimpleNotification:
simpleNotification();
break;
case R.id.btnNotificationIcon:
notificationWithIcon();
break;
case R.id.btnNotificationImage:
notificationWithImage();
break;
case R.id.btnNotificationWithGroupConvo:
notificationWithGroupConvo();
break;
case R.id.btnNotificationSemantic:
notificationSemantic();
break;
}
28
}
private void simpleNotification() {
Person jd = new Person.Builder().setName("JournalDev ") .setImportant(true) .build();

new NotificationCompat.MessagingStyle(jd)
.addMessage("Check me out", new Date().getTime(), jd) .setBuilder(builder);

notificationManager.notify(1, builder.build());
}
private void notificationWithIcon() {
Person anupam = new Person.Builder()
.setName("Anupam")
.setIcon(IconCompat.createWithResource(this, R.drawable.index))
.setImportant(true) .build();
new NotificationCompat.MessagingStyle(anupam)
.addMessage("Check out my latest article!", new Date().getTime(), anupam)
.setBuilder(builder);
notificationManager.notify(2, builder.build());
}
private void notificationWithImage() { Person bot = new Person.Builder()
.setName("Bot") .setImportant(true)
.setBot(true) .build();

Uri uri =
Uri.parse("android.resource://com.journaldev.androidpnotifications/drawable/"+R.drawable.bg);

NotificationCompat.MessagingStyle.Message message = new

NotificationCompat.MessagingStyle.Message("Check out my latest article!", new Date().getTime(),
bot); message.setData("image/*",uri);

new NotificationCompat.MessagingStyle(bot)
.addMessage(message) .setGroupConversation(true).setBuilder(builder);

notificationManager.notify(3, builder.build());
}
private void notificationWithGroupConvo()
{
Person jd = new Person.Builder()
.setName("JournalDev") .build();

Person anupam = new Person.Builder()

.setName("Anupam")
.setIcon(IconCompat.createWithResource(this, R.drawable.samindexple_photo))
.setImportant(true).build();

Person bot = new Person.Builder()

.setName("Bot").setBot(true) .build();
29
Uri uri =
Uri.parse("android.resource://com.journaldev.androidpnotifications/drawable/"+R.drawable.bg);

NotificationCompat.MessagingStyle.Message message = new

NotificationCompat.MessagingStyle.Message("", new Date().getTime(), bot);
message.setData("image/*",uri);
new NotificationCompat.MessagingStyle(bot)
.addMessage("Hi. How are you?", new Date().getTime(), anupam)
.addMessage(message)
.addMessage("Does this image look good?", new Date().getTime(), bot)
.addMessage("Looks good!", new Date().getTime(), jd)
.setGroupConversation(true)
.setConversationTitle("Sample Conversation")
.setBuilder(builder);
notificationManager.notify(4, builder.build());
}
private void notificationSemantic()
{
Person jd = new Person.Builder()
.setName("JournalDev")
.build();

Person anupam = new Person.Builder()

.setName("Anupam")
.setIcon(IconCompat.createWithResource(this, R.drawable.index))
.setImportant(true)
.build();

Person bot = new Person.Builder()

.setName("Bot")
.setBot(true)
.build();
Uri uri =
Uri.parse("android.resource://com.journaldev.androidpnotifications/drawable/"+R.drawable.bg);
Intent intent = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);
intent.putExtra("hi","Notifications were read");
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, intent, 0);

NotificationCompat.MessagingStyle.Message message = new

NotificationCompat.MessagingStyle.Message("", new Date().getTime(), bot);
message.setData("image/*",uri);

NotificationCompat.Action replyAction = new NotificationCompat.Action.Builder(

R.drawable.bg, "MARK READ", pendingIntent)
.setSemanticAction(NotificationCompat.Action.SEMANTIC_ACTION_MARK_AS_READ)
.build();
30
NotificationCompat.Builder separateBuilder = builder; separateBuilder.addAction(replyAction);
new NotificationCompat.MessagingStyle(bot)

.addMessage("Hi. How are you?", new Date().getTime(), anupam)

.addMessage(message)
.addMessage("Does this image look good?", new Date().getTime(), bot)
.addMessage("Looks good!", new Date().getTime(), jd)
.setGroupConversation(true)
.setConversationTitle("Sample Conversation")
.setBuilder(separateBuilder);

notificationManager.notify(5, separateBuilder.build());
}
@Override
protected void onResume() { super.onResume();

if(getIntent()!=null && getIntent().getExtras()!=null)

{
String value = getIntent().getStringExtra("hi");
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),value,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
}
Output:

Result:
Thus Android Application that makes use of notification manager is developed and executed
successfully.

31
 Ex. No: 06 Implement an application that uses Multi-threading

Date:

Aim:
To develop an Android Application that implements Multi threading.
Procedure: Creating a New project:
 Open Android Studio and then click on File -> New -> New project.
 Then type the Application name as “exno6″and click Next.
 Then select the Minimum SDK as shown below and click Next.
 Then select the Empty Activity and click Next.
 Finally click Finish.
 It will take some time to build and load the project.
 After completion it will look as given below.

Designing layout for the Android Application:

 Click on app -> res -> layout -> activity_main.xml.

 Now click on Text as shown below.
 Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.

Code for Activity_main.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >

<ImageView
android:id="@+id/imageView" android:layout_width="250dp" android:layout_height="250dp"
android:layout_margin="50dp" android:layout_gravity="center" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/button" android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_margin="10dp"
android:layout_gravity="center" android:text="Load Image 1" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/button2" android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_margin="10dp"
android:layout_gravity="center" android:text="Load image 2" />

</LinearLayout>

 Now click on Design and your application will look as given below.
 So now the designing part is completed.

Java Coding for the Android Application:

 Click on app -> java -> com.example.exno6 -> MainActivity.

 Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.

32
Code for MainActivity.java:
packagecom.example.exno6;

import android.os.Bundle;
//import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity

{
ImageView img; Button bt1,bt2; @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

bt1 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button); bt2= (Button) findViewById(R.id.button2);

img = (ImageView)findViewById(R.id.imageView);

bt1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
new Thread(new Runnable()
{
@Override public void run()
{
img.post(new Runnable()
{
@Override public void run()
{

}
});
}
img.setImageResource(R.drawable.india1);
}
});
}).start();
bt2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
new Thread(new Runnable()
{
@Override public void run()
{
img.post(new Runnable()
{
@Override public void run()
33
{
img.setImageResource(R.drawable.india2);
}
});
}
}).start();
}
});
}
}

 So now the Coding part is also completed.

 Now run the application to see the output.

Note:

 Before running the application, copy the images given below and paste it in “app -> res ->
drawable”by pressing “right click mouse button on drawable” and selecting the “Paste”
option.

Output:

Result:

Thus Android Application that implements Multi threading is developed and executed
successfully.

34
 Ex. No: 07 Develop a native application that uses GPS location information

Date:

Aim:
To develop an Android Application that uses GPS location information.
Procedure:
Creating a New project:
 Open Android Studio and then click on File -> New -> New project.
 Then type the Application name as “exno7″and click Next.
 Then select the Minimum SDK as shown below and click Next.
 Then select the Empty Activity and click Next.
 Finally click Finish.
 It will take some time to build and load the project.
 After completion it will look as given below.

Designing layout for the Android Application:

 Click on app -> res -> layout -> activity_main.xml.
 Now click on Text as shown below.
 Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.

Code for Activity_main.xml:

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
android:orientation = "vertical" >

<Button
android:id = "@+id/button"
android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
android:text = "getlocation"/>

</LinearLayout>
 Now click on Design and your application will look as given below.
 So now the designing part is completed.

Following will be the content of res/values/strings.xml to define two new constants −

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?>
<resources>
<string name = "app_name">Tutorialspoint</string>
</resources>
Adding permissions in Manifest for the Android Application:
• Click on app -> manifests -> AndroidManifest.xml.
35
Code for AndroidManifest.xml:
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package = "com.example.tutorialspoint7.myapplication">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.INTERNET" />
<application android:allowBackup = "true"
android:icon = "@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label = "@string/app_name"
android:supportsRtl = "true"
android:theme = "@style/AppTheme">

<activity android:name = ".MainActivity">

<intent-filter>
<action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>

</manifest>

Java Coding for the Android Application:

• Click on app -> java -> com.example.exno7 -> MainActivity.

• Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.

Code for MainActivity.java:

packagecom.example.exno7;

import android.Manifest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.test.mock.MockPackageManager;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
Button btnShowLocation;
private static final int REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION = 2;
String mPermission = Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION;

// GPSTracker class
GPSTracker gps;
36
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

try {
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, mPermission)
!= MockPackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{mPermission},

REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION);

// If any permission above not allowed by user, this condition will

execute every time, else your else part will work
}
} catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace();
}

btnShowLocation = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);

// show location button click event

btnShowLocation.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

@Override
public void onClick(View arg0) {
// create class object
gps = new GPSTracker(MainActivity.this);

// check if GPS enabled if(gps.canGetLocation()){

double latitude = gps.getLatitude(); double longitude = gps.getLongitude();

// \n is for new line

Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Your Location is - \nLat: "
+ latitude + "\nLong: " + longitude, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}else{
// can't get location
// GPS or Network is not enabled
// Ask user to enable GPS/network in settings gps.showSettingsAlert();
}

}
});
}
}

 Following is the content of the modified main activity file GPSTracker.java.

37
Code for GPDTracker.Java
packagecom.example.exno7;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.location.Location;
import android.location.LocationListener;
import android.location.LocationManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.util.Log;

public class GPSTracker extends Service implements LocationListener {

private final Context mContext;
// flag for GPS status
boolean isGPSEnabled = false;

// flag for network status

boolean isNetworkEnabled = false;

// flag for GPS status

boolean canGetLocation = false;

Location location; // location

double latitude; // latitude
double longitude; // longitude

// The minimum distance to change Updates in meters

private static final long MIN_DISTANCE_CHANGE_FOR_UPDATES = 10; // 10 meters

// The minimum time between updates in milliseconds

private static final long MIN_TIME_BW_UPDATES = 1000 * 60 * 1; // 1 minute

// Declaring a Location Manager

protected LocationManager locationManager;

public GPSTracker(Context context) {

this.mContext = context;
getLocation();
}

public Location getLocation() {

try {
locationManager = (LocationManager) mContext.getSystemService(LOCATION_SERVICE);
38
// getting GPS status
isGPSEnabled = locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);

// getting network status isNetworkEnabled = locationManager

.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);

if (!isGPSEnabled && !isNetworkEnabled) {

// no network provider is enabled
} else {
this.canGetLocation = true;
// First get location from Network Provider
if (isNetworkEnabled) {
locationManager.requestLocationUpdates( LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER,
MIN_TIME_BW_UPDATES, MIN_DISTANCE_CHANGE_FOR_UPDATES, this);

Log.d("Network", "Network"); if (locationManager != null) {

location = locationManager
.getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);

if (location != null) {
latitude = location.getLatitude(); longitude = location.getLongitude();
}
}
}

// if GPS Enabled get lat/long using GPS Services

if (isGPSEnabled) {
if (location == null) { locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(
LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, MIN_TIME_BW_UPDATES,
MIN_DISTANCE_CHANGE_FOR_UPDATES, this);

Log.d("GPS Enabled", "GPS Enabled"); if (locationManager != null) {

location = locationManager
.getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);

if (location != null) {
latitude = location.getLatitude();
longitude = location.getLongitude();
}
}
}
}
}

} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
39
}

return location;
}

/**
* Stop using GPS listener
* Calling this function will stop using GPS in your app
* */

public void stopUsingGPS(){ if(locationManager != null){

locationManager.removeUpdates(GPSTracker.this);
}
}

/**
* Function to get latitude
* */

public double getLatitude(){ if(location != null){

latitude = location.getLatitude();
}

// return latitude
return latitude;
}

/**
* Function to get longitude
* */

public double getLongitude(){ if(location != null){

longitude = location.getLongitude();
}

// return longitude
return longitude;
}

/**
* Function to check GPS/wifi enabled
* @return boolean
* */

public boolean canGetLocation() { return this.canGetLocation;

}

40
/**
* Function to show settings alert dialog
* On pressing Settings button will lauch Settings Options
* */

public void showSettingsAlert(){

AlertDialog.Builder alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(mContext);

// Setting Dialog Title

alertDialog.setTitle("GPS is settings");

// Setting Dialog Message

alertDialog.setMessage("GPS is not enabled. Do you want to go to settings menu?");

// On pressing Settings button

alertDialog.setPositiveButton("Settings", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { public void
onClick(DialogInterface dialog,int which) {
Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS);
mContext.startActivity(intent);
}
});

// on pressing cancel button

alertDialog.setNegativeButton("Cancel", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { public void
onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
dialog.cancel();
}
});

// Showing Alert Message

alertDialog.show();
}

@Override
public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
}

@Override
public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {
}

@Override
public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {
}

@Override
public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {
41
}

@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) { return null;
}
}
 So now the Coding part is also completed.
 Now run the application to see the output.

Output:

Result:
Thus Android Application that implements GPS Location Information is developed and
executed successfully.

42
 Ex. No: 08 Implement an application that writes data to the SD Card

Date:

Aim:
To develop an Android Application that writes data to the SD Card.
Procedure:
Creating a New project:
 Open Android Studio and then click on File -> New -> New project.
 Then type the Application name as “exno8″ and click Next.
 Then select the Minimum SDK as shown below and click Next.
 Then select the Empty Activity and click Next.
 Finally click Finish.
 It will take some time to build and load the project.
 After completion it will look as given below.
Designing layout for the Android Application:
 Click on app -> res -> layout -> activity_main.xml.
 Now click on Text as shown below.
 Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.
Code for Activity_main.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_margin="20dp"
android:orientation="vertical">

<EditText
android:id="@+id/editText"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:singleLine="true"
android:textSize="30dp" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/button"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="10dp"
android:text="Write Data"
android:textSize="30dp" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/button2"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
43
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="10dp"
android:text="Read data"
android:textSize="30dp" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/button3"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="10dp"
android:text="Clear"
android:textSize="30dp" />

</LinearLayout>
 Now click on Design and your application will look as given below.
 So now the designing part is completed.

Adding permissions in Manifest for the Android Application:

 Click on app -> manifests -> AndroidManifest.xml.
 Now include the WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permissions in the AndroidManifest.xml
file as shown below.
Code for AndroidManifest.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.exno8" >

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"

android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity android:name=".MainActivity" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />

</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>

• So now the Permissions are added in the Manifest.

44
Java Coding for the Android Application:
• Click on app -> java -> com.example.exno8 -> MainActivity.
• Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.
Code for MainActivity.java:
packagecom.example.exno8;

import android.os.Bundle;
//import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity

{
EditText e1;
Button write,read,clear; @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

e1= (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText); write= (Button) findViewById(R.id.button); read=

(Button) findViewById(R.id.button2); clear= (Button) findViewById(R.id.button3);

write.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
String message=e1.getText().toString(); try
{
File f=new File("/sdcard/myfile.txt"); f.createNewFile();
FileOutputStream fout=new FileOutputStream(f); fout.write(message.getBytes());
fout.close();
Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(),"Data Written in SDCARD",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
catch (Exception e)
{

45
}
});

Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(),e.getMessage(),Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}

read.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
String message; String buf = ""; try
{
File f = new File("/sdcard/myfile.txt"); FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream(f);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fin));

while ((message = br.readLine()) != null)

{
buf += message;
}
e1.setText(buf); br.close();
fin.close();
Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(),"Data Recived from SDCARD",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
}
});

Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), e.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

}

clear.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
e1.setText("");
}
});
}
}
• So now the Coding part is also completed.
• Now run the application to see the output.
46
Output:

Result:

Thus Android Application that writes data to the SD Card is developed and executed
successfully.

47
 Ex. No: 09 Implement an application that creates an alert upon receiving a message

Date:

Aim:
To develop an Android Application that creates an alert upon receiving a message.
Procedure:
Creating a New project:
• Open Android Studio and then click on File -> New -> New project.
• Then type the Application name as “ex.no9″and click Next.
• Then select the Minimum SDK as shown below and click Next.
• Then select the Empty Activity and click Next.
• Finally click Finish.
• It will take some time to build and load the project.
• After completion it will look as given below.

Creating Second Activity for the Android Application:

• Click on File -> New -> Activity -> Empty Activity.
• Type the Activity Name as SecondActivity and click Finish button.
• Thus Second Activity For the application is created.

Designing layout for the Android Application:

• Click on app -> res -> layout -> activity_main.xml.
• Now click on Text as shown below.
• Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.
Code for Activity_main.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_margin="10dp"
android:orientation="vertical">

<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Message"
android:textSize="30sp" />

<EditText
android:id="@+id/editText"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:singleLine="true"
android:textSize="30sp" />

48
<Button
android:id="@+id/button"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="30dp"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:text="Notify"
android:textSize="30sp"/>

</LinearLayout>
• Now click on Design and your application will look as given below.
• So now the designing part is completed.

Java Coding for the Android Application:

• Click on app -> java -> com.example.exno9 -> MainActivity.
• Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.

Code for MainActivity.java:

packagecom.example.exno9;

import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
//import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
imp0rt androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity

{

Button notify; EditText e; @Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

notify= (Button) findViewById(R.id.button); e= (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText);

notify.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, SecondActivity.class);
49
PendingIntent pending = PendingIntent.getActivity(MainActivity.this, 0, intent, 0);
Notification noti = new Notification.Builder(MainActivity.this).setContentTitle("New
Message").setContentText(e.getText().toString()).setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher).setContentInt
ent(pe nding).build();
NotificationManager manager = (NotificationManager)
getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
noti.flags |= Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL; manager.notify(0, noti);
}
});
}
}

• So now the coding part is also completed.

• Now run the application to see the output.

Output:

Result:
Thus Android Application that creates an alert upon receiving a message is developed and
executed successfully.
50
 Ex. No: 10 Write a mobile application that makes use of RSS Feed

Date:

Aim:
To develop an Android Application that makes use of RSS Feed.
Procedure:
Creating a New project:
• Open Android Studio and then click on File -> New -> New project.
• Then type the Application name as “exno10″and click Next.
• Then select the Minimum SDK as shown below and click Next.
• Then select the Empty Activity and click Next.
• Finally click Finish.
• It will take some time to build and load the project.
• After completion it will look as given below.

Designing layout for the Android Application:

• Click on app -> res -> layout -> activity_main.xml.
• Now click on Text as shown below.
• Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.

Code for Activity_main.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >

<ListView
android:id="@+id/listView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</LinearLayout>
 Now click on Design and your application will look as given below.
 So now the designing part is completed.

Adding permissions in Manifest for the Android Application:

 Click on app -> manifests -> AndroidManifest.xml.
 Now include the INTERNET permissions in the AndroidManifest.xml file as shown below.

Code for AndroidManifest.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

51
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.exno10" >
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity android:name=".MainActivity" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />

</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>

</manifest>
 So now the Permissions are added in the Manifest.

Java Coding for the Android Application:

 Click on app -> java -> com.example.exno10 -> MainActivity.
 Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.

Code for MainActivity.java:

package com.example.exno10;
import android.app.ListActivity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserException;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

52
public class MainActivity extends ListActivity
{
List headlines;
List links;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
new MyAsyncTask().execute();
}
class MyAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Object,Void,ArrayAdapter>
{
@Override
protected ArrayAdapter doInBackground(Object[] params)
{
headlines = new ArrayList();
links = new ArrayList();
try
{
URL url = new URL("https://codingconnect.net/feed");
XmlPullParserFactory factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
factory.setNamespaceAware(false);
XmlPullParser xpp = factory.newPullParser();

// We will get the XML from an input stream

xpp.setInput(getInputStream(url), "UTF_8");
boolean insideItem = false;

// Returns the type of current event: START_TAG, END_TAG, etc..

int eventType = xpp.getEventType();
while (eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT)
{
if (eventType == XmlPullParser.START_TAG)
{
if (xpp.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("item"))
{
insideItem = true;
}
else if (xpp.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("title"))
{
if (insideItem)
headlines.add(xpp.nextText()); //extract the headline
}
else if (xpp.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("link"))
{
if (insideItem)
links.add(xpp.nextText()); //extract the link of article
53
}
}
else if(eventType==XmlPullParser.END_TAG && xpp.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("item"))
{
insideItem=false;
}
eventType = xpp.next(); //move to next element
}

}
catch (MalformedURLException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (XmlPullParserException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (IOException e)
{

e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
protected void onPostExecute(ArrayAdapter adapter)
{
adapter = new ArrayAdapter(MainActivity.this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, headlines);
setListAdapter(adapter);
}
}
@Override
protected void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id)
{
Uri uri = Uri.parse((links.get(position)).toString()); Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,
uri); startActivity(intent);
}
public InputStream getInputStream(URL url)
{
try
{
return url.openConnection().getInputStream();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
return null;
}
54
}
}
• So now the Coding part is also completed.
• Now run the application to see the output.

Output:

Result:
Thus Android Application that makes use of RSS Feed is developed and executed
successfully.
55
 Ex. No: 11 Develop a mobile application to send an email.

Date:

Aim:
To develop an Android Application to send an Email.
Procedure:
Creating a New project:
• Open Android Studio and then click on File -> New -> New project.
• Then type the Application name as “exno11″ and click Next.
• Then select the Minimum SDK as shown below and click Next.
• Then select the Empty Activity and click Next.
• Finally click Finish.
• It will take some time to build and load the project.
• After completion it will look as given below.

Designing layout for the Android Application:

• Click on app -> res -> layout -> activity_main.xml.
• Now click on Text as shown below.
• Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.

Code for Activity_main.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingLeft="20dp"
android:paddingRight="20dp"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<EditText
android:id="@+id/txtTo"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="To"/>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/txtSub"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="Subject"/>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/txtMsg"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="0dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:gravity="top"
android:hint="Message"/>

56
<Button android:layout_width="100dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" a
ndroid:layout_gravity="right"
android:text="Send"
android:id="@+id/btnSend"/>
</LinearLayout>

Adding permissions in Manifest for the Android Application:

• Click on app -> manifests -> AndroidManifest.xml.
• Now include the INTERNET permissions in the AndroidManifest.xml file as shown below.

Code for AndroidManifest.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" package="com.example.exno11" >
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme"
tools:ignore="GoogleAppIndexingWarning">

<activity
android:name="com.example.exno11.MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name">

<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />

<action android:name="android.intent.action.SEND"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
<data android:mimeType="message/rfc822"/>
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>

• So now the Permissions are added in the Manifest.

Java Coding for the Android Application:

• Click on app -> java -> com.example.exno10 -> MainActivity.
• Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.
Code for MainActivity.java:
package com.example.exno11;

57
import android.content.Intent;
//import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private EditText eTo;

private EditText eSubject;
private EditText eMsg;
private Button btn;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
eTo = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.txtTo);
eSubject = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.txtSub);
eMsg = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.txtMsg);
btn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnSend);
btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, new String[]{eTo.getText().toString()});
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT,eSubject.getText().toString());
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT,eMsg.getText()); it.setType("message/rfc822");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it,"Choose Mail App"));
}
});
}
}
• So now the Coding part is also completed.
• Now run the application to see the output.

58
Output:

Result:
Thus Android Application for sending an email is developed and executed successfully.

59
 Ex. No: 12 Develop a Mobile application for simple needs (Mini Project)

Date:

Aim:
To develop a Simple Android Application for Native Calculator.
Procedure:
Creating a New project:
• Open Android Studio and then click on File -> New -> New project.
• Then type the Application name as “exno12″and click Next.
• Then select the Minimum SDK as shown below and click Next.
• Then select the Empty Activity and click Next.
• Finally click Finish.
• It will take some time to build and load the project.
• After completion it will look as given below.
Designing layout for the Android Application:
• Click on app -> res -> layout -> activity_main.xml.
• Now click on Text as shown below.
• Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.

Code for Activity_main.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_margin="20dp">
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/linearLayout1"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="20dp">
<EditText
android:id="@+id/editText1"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:inputType="numberDecimal"
android:textSize="20sp" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/editText2"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:inputType="numberDecimal"
60
android:textSize="20sp" />
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout android:id="@+id/linearLayout2"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="20dp">
<Button
android:id="@+id/Add" android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="+"
android:textSize="30sp"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/Sub"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="-"
android:textSize="30sp"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/Mul"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="*"
android:textSize="30sp"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/Div"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="/"
android:textSize="30sp"/>
</LinearLayout>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="50dp"
android:text="Answer is"
android:textSize="30sp"
android:gravity="center"/>
</LinearLayout>
• Now click on Design and your application will look as given below.
• So now the designing part is completed.
Java Coding for the Android Application:
• Click on app -> java -> com.example.exno12 -> MainActivity.
• Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.

61
Code for MainActivity.java:
packagecom.example.exno12;
import android.os.Bundle;
//import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements OnClickListener

{
//Defining the Views
EditText Num1;
EditText Num2;
Button Add;
Button Sub;
Button Mul;
Button Div;
TextView Result;

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

//Referring the Views

Num1 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText1);
Num2 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText2);
Add = (Button) findViewById(R.id.Add);
Sub = (Button) findViewById(R.id.Sub);
Mul = (Button) findViewById(R.id.Mul);
Div = (Button) findViewById(R.id.Div);
Result = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView);

// set a listener
Add.setOnClickListener(this);
Sub.setOnClickListener(this);
Mul.setOnClickListener(this);
Div.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onClick (View v)
62
{

float num1 = 0;
float num2 = 0;
float result = 0;
String oper = "";
// check if the fields are empty
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(Num1.getText().toString()) || TextUtils.isEmpty(Num2.getText().toString()))
return;

// read EditText and fill variables with numbers

num1 = Float.parseFloat(Num1.getText().toString());
num2 = Float.parseFloat(Num2.getText().toString());

// defines the button that has been clicked and performs the corresponding operation
// write operation into oper, we will use it later for output switch (v.getId())
{
case R.id.Add:
oper = "+";
result = num1 + num2; break;
case R.id.Sub:
oper = "-";
result = num1 - num2; break;
case R.id.Mul:
oper = "*";
result = num1 * num2; break;
case R.id.Div:
oper = "/";
result = num1 / num2; break;
default: break;
}
// form the output line
Result.setText(num1 + " " + oper + " " + num2 + " = " + result);
}
}

• So now the Coding part is also completed.

• Now run the application to see the output.

63
Output:

Result:
Thus a Simple Android Application for Native Calculator is developed and executed
successfully.
64
 Ex. No: 13 Android Application that creates Alarm Clock

Date:

Aim:
To develop a Android Application that creates Alarm Clock.
Procedure:
Creating a New project:
 Open Android Studio and then click on File -> New -> New project.
 Then type the Application name as “exno13″ and click Next.
 Then select the Minimum SDK as shown below and click Next.
 Then select theEmpty Activity and click Next.
 Finally click Finish.
 It will take some time to build and load the project.
 After completion it will look as given below.
Creating Second Activity for the Android Application:
 Click on File -> New -> Activity -> Empty Activity.
 Type the Activity Name as AlarmReceiver and click Finish button.
 Thus Second Activityfor the application is created.
Designing layout for the Android Application:
 Click on app -> res -> layout -> activity_main.xml.
 Now click on Text as shown below.
 Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.
Code for Activity_main.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<TimePicker
android:id="@+id/timePicker"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center" />
<ToggleButton
android:id="@+id/toggleButton"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:layout_margin="20dp"
android:checked="false"
android:onClick="OnToggleClicked" />
</LinearLayout>
• Now click on Design and your application will look as given below.
• So now the designing part is completed.

65
Changes in Manifest for the Android Application:
• Click on app -> manifests -> AndroidManifest.xml.
• Now change the activity tag to receiver tag in the AndroidManifest.xml file as shown below.

Code for AndroidManifest.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.exno13" >
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity android:name=".MainActivity" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<receiver android:name=".AlarmReceiver" >
</receiver>
</application>
</manifest>
• So now the changes are done in the Manifest.
Java Coding for the Android Application:
Java Coding for Main Activity:
• Click on app -> java -> com.example.exno13 -> MainActivity.
• Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.

Code for MainActivity.java:

packagecom.example.exno13;
import android.app.AlarmManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
//import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TimePicker;
import android.widget.Toast;
import android.widget.ToggleButton;
import java.util.Calendar;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity
{
TimePicker alarmTimePicker;
PendingIntent pendingIntent;
66
AlarmManager alarmManager;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
alarmTimePicker = (TimePicker) findViewById(R.id.timePicker);
alarmManager = (AlarmManager) getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);
}
public void OnToggleClicked(View view)
{
long time;
if (((ToggleButton) view).isChecked())
{
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "ALARM ON", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
calendar.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, alarmTimePicker.getCurrentHour());

calendar.set(Calendar.MINUTE, alarmTimePicker.getCurrentMinute());
Intent intent = new Intent(this, AlarmReceiver.class);
pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(this, 0, intent, 0);

time=(calendar.getTimeInMillis()-(calendar.getTimeInMillis()%60000));
if(System.currentTimeMillis()>time)
{
if (calendar.AM_PM == 0)
time = time + (1000*60*60*12);
else
time = time + (1000*60*60*24);
}
alarmManager.setRepeating(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, time, 10000, pendingIntent);
}
else
{
alarmManager.cancel(pendingIntent);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "ALARM OFF", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}

Java Coding for Alarm Receiver:

• Click on app -> java -> com.example.exno13 -> AlarmReceiver.
• Then delete the code which is there and type the code as given below.

Code for AlarmReceiver.java:

packagecom.example.exno13;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
67
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.media.Ringtone;
import android.media.RingtoneManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class AlarmReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver
{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)
{
Toast.makeText(context, "Alarm! Wake up! Wake up!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
Uri alarmUri = RingtoneManager.getDefaultUri(RingtoneManager.TYPE_ALARM);

if (alarmUri == null)
{
alarmUri = RingtoneManager.getDefaultUri(RingtoneManager.TYPE_NOTIFICATION);
}
Ringtone ringtone = RingtoneManager.getRingtone(context, alarmUri);
ringtone.play();
}
}
• So now the Coding part of Alarm Receiver is also completed.
• Now run the application to see the output.
Output:

Result:
Thus Android Application that creates Alarm Clock is developed and executed successfully.

68
 VIVA QUESTION & ANSWERS

1) What is Android?
It is an open-sourced operating system that is used primarily on mobile devices, such as cell phones
and tablets. It is a Linux kernel-based system that‟s been equipped with rich components that allows
developers to create and run apps that can perform both basic and advanced functions.

2) What Is the Google Android SDK?

The Google Android SDK is a toolset that developers need in order to write apps on Android enabled
devices. It contains a graphical interface that emulates an Android driven handheld environment,
allowing them to test and debug their codes.

3) What is the Android Architecture?

Android Architecture is made up of 4 key components:
– Linux Kernel
– Libraries
– Android Framework
– Android Applications

4) Describe the Android Framework.

The Android Framework is an important aspect of the Android Architecture. Here you can find all
the classes and methods that developers would need in order to write applications on the Android
environment.

5) What is AAPT?
AAPT is short for Android Asset Packaging Tool. This tool provides developers with the ability to
deal with zip-compatible archives, which includes creating, extracting as well as viewing its contents.

6) What is the importance of having an emulator within the Android environment?

The emulator lets developers “play” around an interface that acts as if it were an actual mobile device.
They can write and test codes, and even debug. Emulators are a safe place for testing codes especially
if it is in the early design phase.

7) What is the use of an activityCreator?

An activityCreator is the first step towards the creation of a new Android project. It is made up of a
shell script that will be used to create new file system structure necessary for writing codes within the
Android IDE.

8 ) Describe Activities.
Activities are what you refer to as the window to a user interface. Just as you create windows in order
to display output or to ask for an input in the form of dialog boxes, activities play the same role,
though it may not always be in the form of a user interface.

9) What are Intents?

Intents displays notification messages to the user from within the Android enabled device. It can be
used to alert the user of a particular state that occurred. Users can be made to respond to intents.

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10) Differentiate Activities from Services?
Activities can be closed, or terminated anytime the user wishes. On the other hand, services are
designed to run behind the scenes, and can act independently. Most services run continuously,
regardless of whether there are certain or no activities being executed.

11) What items are important in every Android project?

These are the essential items that are present each time an Android project is created:
– AndroidManifest.xml
– build.xml
– bin/
– src/
– res/
– assets/

12) What is the importance of XML-based layouts?

The use of XML-based layouts provides a consistent and somewhat standard means of setting GUI
definition format. In common practice, layout details are placed in XML files while other items are
placed in source files.

13) What are containers?

Containers, as the name itself implies, holds objects and widgets together, depending on which
specific items are needed and in what particular arrangement that is wanted. Containers may hold
labels, fields, buttons, or even child containers, as examples.

14) What is Orientation?

Orientation, which can be set using setOrientation(), dictates if the LinearLayout is represented as a
row or as a column. Values are set as either HORIZONTAL or VERTICAL.

15) What is the importance of Android in the mobile market?

Developers can write and register apps that will specifically run under the Android environment. This
means that every mobile device that is Android enabled will be able to support and run these apps.
With the growing popularity of Android mobile devices, developers can take advantage of this trend
by creating and uploading their apps on the Android Market for distribution to anyone who wants to
download it.

16) What do you think are some disadvantages of Android?

Given that Android is an open-source platform, and the fact that different Android operating systems
have been released on different mobile devices, there‟s no clear cut policy to how applications can
adapt with various OS versions and upgrades. One app that runs on this particular version of Android
OS may or may not run on another version. Another disadvantage is that since mobile devices such as
phones and tabs come in different sizes and forms, it poses a challenge for developers to create apps
that can adjust correctly to the right screen size and other varying features and specs.

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17) What is adb?
Adb is short for Android Debug Bridge. It allows developers the power to execute remote shell
commands. Its basic function is to allow and control communication towards and from the emulator
port.

18) What are the four essential states of an activity?

– Active – if the activity is at the foreground
– Paused – if the activity is at the background and still visible
– Stopped – if the activity is not visible and therefore is hidden or obscured by another activity
– Destroyed – when the activity process is killed or completed terminated

19) What is ANR?

ANR is short for Application Not Responding. This is actually a dialog that appears to the user
whenever an application have been unresponsive for a long period of time.

20) Which elements can occur only once and must be present?
Among the different elements, the and elements must be present and can occur only once. The rest are
optional, and can occur as many times as needed.

21) How are escape characters used as attribute?

Escape characters are preceded by double backslashes. For example, a newline character is created
using „\n‟

22) What is the importance of settings permissions in app development?

Permissions allow certain restrictions to be imposed primarily to protect data and code. Without these,
codes could be compromised, resulting to defects in functionality.

23) What is the function of an intent filter?

Because every component needs to indicate which intents they can respond to, intent filters are used
to filter out intents that these components are willing to receive. One or more intent filters are
possible, depending on the services and activities that is going to make use of it.

24) Enumerate the three key loops when monitoring an activity?

– Entire lifetime – activity happens between onCreate and onDestroy
– Visible lifetime – activity happens between onStart and onStop
– Foreground lifetime – activity happens between onResume and onPause

25) When is the onStop() method invoked?

A call to onStop method happens when an activity is no longer visible to the user, either because
another activity has taken over or if in front of that activity.

26) Is there a case wherein other qualifiers in multiple resources take precedence over locale?
Yes, there are actually instances wherein some qualifiers can take precedence over locale. There are
two known exceptions, which are the MCC (mobile country code) and MNC (mobile network code)
qualifiers.

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27) What are the different states wherein a process is based?
There are 4 possible states:
– foreground activity
– visible activity
– background activity
– empty process

28) How can the ANR be prevented?

One technique that prevents the Android system from concluding a code that has been responsive for
a long period of time is to create a child thread. Within the child thread, most of the actual workings
of the codes can be placed, so that the main thread runs with minimal periods of unresponsive times.

29) What role does Dalvik play in Android development?

Dalvik serves as a virtual machine, and it is where every Android application runs. Through Dalvik, a
device is able to execute multiple virtual machines efficiently through better memory management.

30) What is the AndroidManifest.xml?

This file is essential in every application. It is declared in the root directory and contains information
about the application that the Android system must know before the codes can be executed.

31) What is the proper way of setting up an Android-powered device for app development?
The following are steps to be followed prior to actual application development in an Android-powered
device:
-Declare your application as “debuggable” in your Android Manifest.
-Turn on “USB Debugging” on your device.
-Set up your system to detect your device.

32) Enumerate the steps in creating a bounded service through AIDL?

1. create the .aidl file, which defines the programming interface
2. implement the interface, which involves extending the inner abstract Stub class as well as
implanting its methods.
3. expose the interface, which involves implementing the service to the clients.

33) What is the importance of Default Resources?

When default resources, which contain default strings and files, are not present, an error will occur
and the app will not run. Resources are placed in specially named subdirectories under the project res/
directory.

34) When dealing with multiple resources, which one takes precedence?
Assuming that all of these multiple resources are able to match the configuration of a device, the
„locale‟ qualifier almost always takes the highest precedence over the others.

35) When does ANR occur?

The ANR dialog is displayed to the user based on two possible conditions. One is when there is no
response to an input event within 5 seconds, and the other is when a broadcast receiver is not done
executing within 10 seconds.

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36) What is AIDL?
AIDL, or Android Interface Definition Language, handles the interface requirements between a client
and a service so both can communicate at the same level through interprocess communication or IPC.
This process involves breaking down objects into primitives that Android can understand. This part is
required simply because a process cannot access the memory of the other process.

37) What data types are supported by AIDL?

AIDL has support for the following data types:
-string
-charSequence
-List
-Map
-all native Java data types like int,long, char and Boolean

38) What is a Fragment?

A fragment is a part or portion of an activity. It is modular in a sense that you can move around or
combine with other fragments in a single activity. Fragments are also reusable.

39) What is a visible activity?

A visible activity is one that sits behind a foreground dialog. It is actually visible to the user, but not
necessarily being in the foreground itself.

40) When is the best time to kill a foreground activity?

The foreground activity, being the most important among the other states, is only killed or terminated
as a last resort, especially if it is already consuming too much memory. When a memory paging state
has been reach by a foreground activity, then it is killed so that the user interface can retain its
responsiveness to the user.

41) Is it possible to use or add a fragment without using a user interface?

Yes, it is possible to do that, such as when you want to create a background behavior for a particular
activity. You can do this by using add(Fragment,string) method to add a fragment from the activity.

42) How do you remove icons and widgets from the main screen of the Android device?
To remove an icon or shortcut, press and hold that icon. You then drag it downwards to the lower part
of the screen where a remove button appears.

43) What are the core components under the Android application architecture?
There are 5 key components under the Android application architecture:
– services
– intent
– resource externalization
– notifications
– content providers

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44) What composes a typical Android application project?
A project under Android development, upon compilation, becomes an .apk file. This apk file format is
actually made up of the AndroidManifest.xml file, application code, resource files, and other related
files.

45) What is a Sticky Intent?

A Sticky Intent is a broadcast from sendStickyBroadcast() method such that the intent floats around
even after the broadcast, allowing others to collect data from it.

46) Do all mobile phones support the latest Android operating system?
Some Android-powered phone allows you to upgrade to the higher Android operating system version.
However, not all upgrades would allow you to get the latest version. It depends largely on the
capability and specs of the phone, whether it can support the newer features available under the latest
Android version.

47) What is portable wi-fi hotspot?

Portable Wi-Fi Hotspot allows you to share your mobile internet connection to other wireless device.
For example, using your Android-powered phone as a Wi-Fi Hotspot, you can use your laptop to
connect to the Internet using that access point.

48) What is an action?

In Android development, an action is what the intent sender wants to do or expected to get as a
response. Most application functionality is based on the intended action.

49) What is the difference between a regular bitmap and a nine-patch image?
In general, a Nine-patch image allows resizing that can be used as background or other image size
requirements for the target device. The Nine-patch refers to the way you can resize the image: 4
corners that are unscaled, 4 edges that are scaled in 1 axis, and the middle one that can be scaled into
both axes.

50) What language is supported by Android for application development?

The main language supported is Java programming language. Java is the most popular language for
app development, which makes it ideal even for new Android developers to quickly learn to create
and deploy applications in the Android environment.

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