PART A exponential (6)

e 2 x +1
1A curve has the equation y = , where x  −3 .
x+3
dy
(a) Find .
dx
e 2 x +1
(b) Hence, stating your reasons clearly, determine if the graph of y = is decreasing
x+3
or increasing for which x  0, x  −3 .

2 Differentiate e2x cos x, with respect to x.

sin 2 x
3 A curve has the equation y = .
e 2 x +1

(a) Show the curve is an increasing function of x for 0  x  .
8
(b) Find the gradient of the curve when x = 0, leave your answer in exact values.
(c) Given that x is decreasing at a constant rate of e units per second, find the rate of
change of y when x = 0.
1  12 x − x
1
4 The equation of a curve is y =  e + 5e 2  . Find
2 
dy
(a) ,
dx
d2 y
(b) ,
dx 2
(c) the coordinates of the stationary point for the curve. (leave in exact form)

5 Differentiate e x x 2 + 2 with respect to x.

6 Differentiate (3x + 2)e −2 x with respect to x, and simplify your answer.

 e 2 x +1
1(a) y =
x+3

dy ( x + 3)(2e 2 x +1 ) − e 2 x +1
=
dx ( x + 3) 2
e 2 x +1 (2 x + 5)
=
( x + 2) 2

(b) For x  0, x  3, ( x + 3) 2  0

e 2 x +1  0, (2 x + 5)  0

dy
Thus  0 and y is an increasing function.
dx

d 2x
e cos x = e 2 x (− sin x) + cos x(2e 2 x )
2 dx
= e 2 x (2 cos x − sin x)

sin 2 x
3(a) y =
e 2 x +1

dy e 2 x +1 (2 cos 2 x) − sin 2 x(2e 2 x +1 )

=
dx e4 x+2
2e 2 x +1 cos 2 x(1 − tan 2 x)
=
e4 x+2
2 cos 2 x(1 − tan 2 x)
=
e 2 x +1

0 x
8

0  2x 
4

For 0  2 x  ,
4
cos 2x > 0
0 < tan 2x < 1

 2 cos 2 x(1 − tan 2 x)  0 and e2 x+1 as e is a positive no.

dy
 0
dx

y is an increasing function
(b)
dy 2 cos 0(1 − tan 0)
x =0 =
dx e1
2
=
e

(c)
dy dy dx
= 
dt dx dt
2
=  ( − e)
e
= −2 units/s

4
(a)
1  12 x − x
1
y=  e + 5e 2 
2  

dy 1  1 12 x  1  1 − 12 x 
=  e  + (5) − e 
dx 2  2  2  2 
1 12 x 5 − 12 x
= e − e
4 4

(b)
d 2 y d  1 12 x 5 − 12 x 
=  e − e 
d 2 x dx  4 4 
1  1 12 x  5  1 − 12 x 
=  e  − − e 
4  2  4 2
 


1 12 x 5 − 12 x
= e + e
8 8

dy
(c) For stationary points, = 0.
dx
1 12 x 5 − 12 x
e − e =0
4 4
1 − 12 x x
4
e (
e −5 = 0 )
1
−
Since e 2
x  0,
ex − 5 = 0
ex = 5
x = ln 5
 1 1
x − x 5
When x = ln 5 , e 2 = 5 and e 2
=
5

1  1x − x
1
y =  e 2 + 5e 2 
2 
1 5 5
=  5 + 
2 5 

=
1
2
( )
5+ 5

1
( )
= 2 5
2
= 5

Hence, the coordinates of stationary point are ln 5, 5 .( )

5

ex x2 + 2 =
(
d ex x2 + 2 )
dx
2 xe x
= ex x2 + 2 +
2 x2 + 2
e x ( x 2 + x + 2)
=
x2 + 2

6
d d  d 
(3x + 2)e − 2 x = (3x + 2)  e − 2 x  + e − 2 x  (3x + 2)
dx  dx   dx 
−2 x −2 x
= −2(3x + 2)e + 3e
= −e − 2 x (6 x + 1)
Part B trigometry (11)

1 Differentiate 3x tan(2 x + 1) with respect to x.

2 Differentiate ( x 3 − 1) cos 3 x with respect to x.

dy 
3 Given that y = cos 2 x + sin 2 x , find the value of when x = .
dx 6
4 Differentiate cos 4 2 x with respect to x.

5 (leave your answers in exact form)

dy 
(a) Given that y = 4 cos3 x − 3 cos x , find the value of at the point where x = .
dx 6
(b) State the equation of the tangent passing through the point in (a).

6 A curve has the equation y = 8 sin x cos 3 x . (leave your answers in exact form)
dy
(a) Find an expression for .
dx
π
(b) Hence find the coordinates of the stationary point in the interval 0  x  .
2

7 The equation of a curve is y = sin 2 x − 7 cos x for 0  x  2 . No need exact answers

(a) Find the values of x of the stationary points on the curve.
(b) Determine the nature of these stationary points.
8 The normal to the curve y = tan 2 x − 1 at x =
3

(
passes through the point h, − 3 . )
Find the value of h, leaving your answer in exact form.

 
9 Given that y = tan  2 x +  , where x is in radians. Find the equation of the normal to the
 2

curve when x = . (leave your answers in exact form)
6

10 A curve has the equation y = 8 sin x cos3 x. (leave your answers in exact form)
(a) Find an expression for the gradient of the curve.
(b) Find the x-coordinate of each of the stationary points of the curve for which
0  x  2 .

1 + sin x
11 The equation of a curve is y = .
cos x
dy 1
(a) Show that = .
dx 1 − sin x

(b) Find the x-coordinate, where 0  x  , of the point at which the normal to the
2
curve is parallel to the line 2y + x = 3. (leave your answers in exact form)
1
d
dx
 
3x tan(2 x + 1) = 3x sec 2 (2 x + 1) (2) + tan(2 x + 1)(3)
= 6 x sec 2 (2 x + 1) + 3 tan(2 x + 1)

d
dx
  ( ) ( )
( x 3 − 1) cos 3x = 3x 2 cos 3x − x 3 − 1 3 sin 3x

2 = 3x 2 cos 3x − 3x 3 sin 3x + 3 sin 3x

(
= 3 x 2 cos 3x − x 3 sin 3x + sin 3x )
y = cos 2 x + sin 2 x
dy
= −2 sin 2 x + 2 sin x cos x
3 dx
= −2 sin 2 x + sin 2 x
= − sin 2 x


When x = ,
6
dy    
= − sin 2 
dx   6 
 
= − sin 
3
3
=−
2

d
4 dx
( )
cos 4 2 x = 4 cos 3 2 x(− sin 2 x)(2)

= −8 sin 2 x cos 3 2 x

5 (a)
y = 4 cos 3 x − 3 cos x
dy
dx
 
= 4 3 cos 2 x(− sin x ) − 3(− sin x)

= −12 sin x cos 2 x + 3 sin x

(
= 3 sin x 1 − 4 cos 2 x )

When x = ,
6

  
2
dy 
= 3 sin 1 − 4 cos  
dx 6   6  

 1    3 
2

= 3  1 − 4  

 2    2  
= −3
 
(b) When x = ,
6

 
3

y = 4 cos  − 3 cos
 6 6
3
 3  3
= 4  − 3


 2 
 2   
3 3 3 3
= −
2 2
=0

 
y − 0 = −3 x − 
 6

y = −3x +
2


Hence, the equation of the tangent is y = −3x +
2

6
(a) y = 8 sin x cos3 x

dy
= 8 sin x(3 cos 2 x)(− sin x) + 8 cos x cos 3 x
dx

dy
(b) For stationary point, = 0.
dx
8sin x(3cos 2 x)(− sin x) + 8cos x cos 3 x = 0
8cos 2 x(−3sin 2 x + cos 2 x) = 0

cos 2 x = 0 or 3 tan 2 x − 1 = 0

1 1
cos x = 0 (rejected) or tan x = or − (rejected)
3 3


x= , y = 2.60
6


Coordinates of the stationary point = ( , 2.60)
6
7 (a)
y = sin 2 x − 7 cos x for 0  x  2
dy
= 2 cos 2 x + 7 sin x
dx

2 cos 2 x + 7 sin x = 0
2(1 − 2 sin 2 x) + 7 sin x = 0
4 sin 2 x − 7 sin x − 2 = 0
(4 sin x + 1)(sin x − 2) = 0
1
sin x = − or sin x = 2 (reject)
4
x = 3.39, 6.03

d2 y
(b) = −4 sin 2 x + 7 cos x
dx 2

At x = 3.39,
d2 y
= −4 sin 2(3.39) + 7 cos 3.39
dx 2
= −8.69  0

Maximum point at x = 3.39

At x = 6.03,
d2 y
= −4 sin 2(6.03) + 7 cos 6.03
dx 2
= 8.72  0

Minimum point at x = 6.03.

8
dy
= 2 sec 2 2 x
dx

At x = ,
3
dy  2 
= 2 sec 2  
dx  3 
=8
1
Grad. of normal = −
8
2
y = tan −1
3
= − 3 −1
Equation of normal,
1 
y + 3 +1 = −  x − 
8 3
1 
y =− x+ − 3 −1
8 24
1 
− 3 = − h+ − 3 −1
8 24
1 
h= −1
8 24

h= −8
3

9
 
y = tan  2 x + 
 2
dy  
= 2 sec 2  2 x + 
dx  2


When x = ,
6
3
y=−
3

dy   
= 2 sec 2  + 
dx 3 2
8
=
3

3
Gradient of normal is −
8

 3 3 
y −  −  = −  x − 
 3  8 6
3  3
y =− x+ −
8 16 3
10
(a)
y = 8 sin x cos 3 x
dy
= 8 sin x(3 cos 2 x)(− sin x) + (cos 3 x)(8 cos x)
dx
= − 24 sin 2 x cos 2 x + 8 cos 4 x
= 8 cos 2 x(cos 2 x − 3 sin 2 x)
(b) For stationary points,
8 cos 2 x(cos 2 x − 3 sin 2 x) = 0
8 cos 2 x = 0 or cos 2 x − 3 sin 2 x = 0
1
cos x = 0 tan x = 
3
 3  11 5 7
x= , x= , , ,
2 2 6 6 6 6

 3  11 5 7
x = , , , , , radians
2 2 6 6 6 6

11
(a)
1 + sin x
y=
cos x
dy cos x(cos x) − (− sin x)(1 + sin x)
=
dx cos 2 x
cos 2 x + sin x + sin 2 x
=
cos 2 x
1 + sin x
=
1 − sin 2 x
1 + sin x
=
(1 − sin x)(1 + sin x)
dy 1
= (Shown)
dx 1 − sin x

(b)
1
m of normal  = −1
1 − sin x
m of normal = sin x − 1

1 3
y =− x+
2 2

1
sin x − 1 = −
2
1
sin x =
2
1
Basic  = sin −1
2

=
6


x =
6
 PART C logarithms (14)
(
11 Differentiate ln 3 x 2 + 5 )
4
with respect to x.

12 Differentiate ln(sin 2 x) with respect to x.

x +1
13 Differentiate ln with respect to x.
x −1
 1− 2x 
14 Differentiate ln  with respect to x.
 x+2 
 3x 2 + 1 
15 Differentiate ln  with respect to x.
 2x − 3 
16 Differentiate ln(sin x + cos x) with respect to x.
17 Given that y = 5 x ln x ,
dy
(a) find , and
dx
(b) hence, determine the coordinates of the stationary point of the curve.

( )
18 Differentiate ln tan 2 x with respect to x. Leave your answer in the simplest form.

19 Differentiate (2 x + 3) 2 ln x with respect to x.

5x
20 Differentiate ln with respect to x.
3x + 4

 8 + 4x 
23 A curve has the equation y = ln .
 3x − 5 
dy k
(a) Express in the form , where k is a constant.
dx (2 + x)(3x − 5)
2
(b) Show that y is a decreasing function for x  1 .
3
24
2x dy
(a) Given that y = ln , x  0 and x  −4 , find .
x+4 dx
(b) Hence show that y has no stationary value.

25 Write down the exact coordinates of the stationary point of y = x ln x2, x > 0 and
determine the nature of the stationary point.

 8 + 4x 
26 Show that y = ln  has no stationary point for all real values of x.
 3x − 5 
Question 11
d
dx
 4

ln(3 x 2 + 5) = 4 
d
dx

ln(3 x 2 + 5) 
 6x 
= 4 2 
 3x + 5 
24 x
= 2
3x + 5

Question 12
d 2 cos 2 x
[ln(sin 2 x)] =
dx sin 2 x
= 2 cot 2 x

Question 13
d
dx
ln
x +1 d
=
x − 1 dx
(
ln x + 1 − ln x − 1 )
1 1
1 − 1 −
( x + 1) 2 ( x − 1) 2
= 2 −2
x +1 x −1
1 1
= −
2( x + 1) 2( x − 1)
x −1− x −1
=
2( x + 1)( x − 1)
−2
=
2( x + 1)( x − 1)
−1
=
( x + 1)( x − 1)
1
=−
( x + 1)( x − 1)

Question 14
d   1 − 2 x  d
ln  = [ln(1 − 2 x) − ln( x + 2)]
dx   x + 2  dx
−2 1
= −
1− 2x x + 2
− 2( x + 2) − (1 − 2 x)
=
(1 − 2 x)( x + 2)
− 2x − 4 −1 + 2x
=
(1 − 2 x)( x + 2)
5
=−
(1 − 2 x)( x + 2)
Question 15
d   3 x 2 + 1  d
ln  =
dx   2 x − 3  dx

ln(3 x 2 + 1) − ln 2 x − 3 
=
d 

dx 
( 1 
ln 3 x 2 + 1 − ln(2 x − 3))
2 
6x 1 2 
= −  
3x + 1 2  2 x − 3 
2

6x 1
= 2 −
3x + 1 2 x − 3

=
6 x(2 x − 3) − 3 x 2 + 1 ( )
(
3 x 2 + 1 (2 x − 3) )
12 x − 18 x − 3 x 2 − 1
2
=
(
3 x 2 + 1 (2 x − 3) )
9 x − 18 x − 1
2
=
(
3 x 2 + 1 (2 x − 3) )
Question 16
d
ln(sin x + cos x) = cos x + (− sin x)
dx sin x + cos x
cos x − sin x
=
sin x + cos x

Question 17
(a)
y = 5 x ln x
dy 1
= 5 x  + (ln x)(5)
dx  x
= 5 + 5 ln x

dy
(b) For stationary points, = 0.
dx

5 + 5 ln x = 0
5 ln x = −5
ln x = −1
x = e −1
1
x=
e

1
When x = ,
e
 1 1
y = 5  ln 
e e
5
y = (−1)
e
5
=−
e

1 5
Hence, the coordinates are  , −  .
e e

Question 18
d   sin 2 x 
d
dx
 
ln(tan 2 x ) = ln 
dx   cos 2 x 
d   sin x 
= 2  ln 
dx   cos x 
d
= 2 [ln(sin x) − ln(cos x)]
dx
 cos x − sin x 
= 2 − 
 sin x cos x 
 cos x sin x 
= 2 + 
 sin x cos x 
 cos 2 x + sin 2 x 
= 2 
 sin x cos x 
 1 
= 2 
 sin x cos x 
2
=
sin x cos x

Question 19
d
  1
(2 x + 3) 2 ln x = (2 x + 3) 2   + (ln x)[ 2(2 x + 3)(2)]
dx  x
(2 x + 3) 2
= + 4(2 x + 3) ln x
x
(2 x + 3) 2 + 4 x(2 x + 3) ln x
=
x
(2 x + 3)(4 x ln x + 2 x + 3)
=
x
Question 20
d  5 x  1 d   5 x 
 ln =  ln 
dx  3 x + 4  2 dx   3 x + 4 
1 d
=  [ln(5 x) − ln(3 x + 4)]
2 dx
1 5 3 
=  − 
2  5 x 3x + 4 
11 3 
=  − 
2  x 3x + 4 
1  3x + 4 − 3x 
= 
2  x(3 x + 4) 
1 4 
= 
2  x(3 x + 4) 
2
=
x(3 x + 4)

Question 23
 8 + 4x 
(a) y = ln 
 3x − 5 

y = ln(8 + 4 x) − ln(3x − 5)

dy 1 d 1 d
=  (8 + 4 x) −  (3x − 5)
dx 8 + 4 x dx (3 x − 5) dx
4 3
= −
8 + 4 x (3 x − 5)
1 3
= −
2 + x (3x − 5)
1(3x − 5) − 3(2 + x)
=
(2 + x)(3 x − 5)
3x − 5 − 6 − 3x
=
(2 + x)(3 x − 5)
− 11
=
(2 + x)(3 x − 5)

Alternative method,
 8 + 4x 
y = ln 
 3x − 5 
 dy 1 d  8 + 4x 
=   
dx  8 + 4 x  dx  3x − 5 
 
 3x − 5 
 3x − 5  (3x − 5)  4 − (8 + 4 x)  3
= 
 8 + 4x  (3x − 5) 2
 3x − 5  (12 x − 20 − 24 − 12 x)
= 
 8 + 4x  (3x − 5) 2
− 44
=
(8 + 4 x)(3x − 5)
− 11
=
(2 + x)(3x − 5)

(b)
2
x 1
3
5
x
3
3x  5
3x − 5  0

2
Since (2 + x) > 0 and (3x − 5)  0 for x  1
3

 (2 + x)(3x − 5)  0

− 11 2
 0 for x  1
(2 + x)(3x − 5) 3

dy
0
dx

2
Thus, y is a decreasing function for x  1 .
3

Question 24
(a)
2x
y = ln
x+4
1
 2x  2
= ln 
 x + 4
1  2x 
= ln 
2  x + 4
1
= [ln 2 x − ln( x + 4)]
2
 dy 1  2 1 
=  −
dx 2  2 x x + 4 
1  ( x + 4) − x 
=
2  x( x + 4) 
2
=
x ( x + 4)

2
(b) 0
x( x + 4)

dy
Since  0 , there is no stationary value.
dx

Question 25
y = x ln x 2
= 2 x ln x

dy 1
= 2 ln x + 2 x 
dx  x
= 2 ln x + 2

Alternatively:
y = x ln x 2
dy  1
= ln x 2 + x 2 2 x
dx x 
= ln x 2 + 2

dy
=0
dx
2 ln x + 2 = 0
ln x = −1
1
x=
e

1
When x = ,
e
1
y = 2  ln e −1
e
2
=−
e

1 2
 Stationary point =  , − 
e e

d2 y 2
=
dx 2 x
 1 d2 y
When x = , 2  0
e dx

1 2
  , −  is minimum
e e

Question 26
 8 + 4x 
y = ln 
 3x − 5 
= ln(8 + 4 x) − ln(3 x − 5)

dy 4 3
= −
dx 8 + 4 x 3 x − 5
4(3 x − 5) − 3(8 + 4 x)
=
(8 + 4 x) (3 x − 5)
12 x − 20 − 24 − 12 x
=
(8 + 4 x) (3 x − 5)
− 44
=  0 for all x, hence no stationary point.
(8 + 4 x) (3x − 5)

Part D Max and min (6)

1
2x cm

x cm 3 cm

Cardboard lid

y cm
Cardboard box

x cm

2x cm

The diagram shows an open cardboard box with a rectangular base and a close fitting
cardboard lid which slips over the top of the box. The dimensions of the lid are 2x cm,
x cm and 3 cm. The total area of cardboard used in making the box and the lid is
2400 cm2.
(a) Obtain an expression for y in terms of x, and hence show that the volume, V cm3 of
4x3
the box is given by V = 800 x − − 6x 2 .
3
(b) Given that x can vary, find the value of x for which the volume of the box is
stationary. Calculate this stationary value of V.
(c) Explain why this value of x gives the largest volume of the box.

2
B C

x x
60 60
P A D Q

A piece of wire of length 80 cm is bent into the shape of a trapezium, ABCD as shown in
the diagram. Given that AB = CD = x cm and PAB = QDC = 60 and PBCQ is a
rectangle.
(a) Find the length of AD in terms of x and hence show that the area, A, of the trapezium
 1 
ABCD is given by 3 x 20 − x  .
 2 
(b) (i) Find the value of x for which A is stationary.
(ii) Determine whether A is a maximum or a minimum value.

12x

10x

The diagram shows an open mould in the shape of a cylinder and a right circular cone.
The diameter of the cylinder is 10x cm and its height is h cm. The vertical height of
the cone is 12x cm.
(a) Find an expression, in terms of x, for the slant height of the cone.
(b) Given that the mould is made from a plastic sheet whose area is 430 cm 2 ,
express h in terms of x.
125 3
(c) Show that the volume, V cm3, of the mould is given by V = 1075 x − x .
2
(d) Hence, calculate the value of x for which the volume has a stationary value,
correcting your answer to 3 significant figures.
(e) Using the answer in (d), find the corresponding value of h, correct to
3 significant figures and determine whether the volume is a maximum or
a minimum.
4
F
y cm
C
4x cm
4x cm D
y cm
3x cm E
A
y cm
3x cm
B

The diagram shows a solid prism with a rectangular base. AB = DE = 3x cm ,

AC = DF = 4x cm and BE = AD = CF = y cm . Given that the volume of the
prism is 250 cm3,
(a) obtain the expression for y in terms of x,
(b) show that the total surface area of the prism, S cm2, is given by
500
S = 12 x 2 + .
x
(c) Given that the volume remains constant and that x varies, find the value of x
for which S is stationary, correct to 3 significant figures.
(d) Calculate this stationary value of S, correct to 3 significant figures and
determine whether it is a maximum or a minimum

5 In the diagram, a plot of land in the shape of a right-angled triangle is enclosed by

a drain on one side and fencing on the other two sides.

xm

Drain

(a) If the total length of the fencing is 60 m, show that the area of the plot of land, A,
1
is A = x 3600 − 120 x , where x m is the length of one side of the fencing and
2
and 0  x  30 .
(b) Find the value of x when A is stationary.
(c) Find the stationary value of A and determine its nature.
6
5x

4x 3x

The diagram shows a solid body which consists of a cylinder fixed, with no overlap,
to a prism. The prism has a triangular base of sides 3x cm, 4x cm and 5x cm, and
a height of x cm. The closed cylinder has a radius of x cm and a height of y cm.
(a) Prove that the base of the prism is a right angled triangle.
(b) Given that the total volume of the solid is 96 cm 3 , express y in terms of x.
192
(c) Hence, show that the total surface area, S is given by S = + 12 x 2 .
x
Given that x can vary, find
(d) the value of x for which S has a stationary value,
(e) the stationary value of S.
(f) Determine whether the stationary value of S is a maximum or a minimum.

1
(a) Total surface area of cardboard, A
= 2 x 2 + 2(2 xy ) + 2( xy ) + 2 x 2 + 2(3x) + 2(6 x)
= 6 xy + 4 x 2 + 18x

2400 = 6 xy + 4 x 2 + 18 x
2400 − 4 x 2 − 18 x
y=
6x
400 2 x 1200 − 2 x 2 − 9
y= − − 3 or
x 3 3x
 Volume of box, V = 2 x 2 y
 400 2 x 
V = 2x 2  − − 3
 x 3 
3
4x
= 800 x − − 6 x 2 (shown)
3

dV
(b) = 800 − 4 x 2 − 12 x
dx

At stationary value of V,
dV
=0
dx
800 − 4 x 2 − 12 x = 0
4 x 2 + 12 x − 800 = 0
x 2 + 3 x − 200 = 0
− 3  9 − 4(3)(−200)
x=
2
x = 12.721 or x = −15.721
x = 12.7 (3 sig. fig.)

4
Stationary value of V = 800(12.721) − (12.721)3 − 6(12.721) 2
3
= 6461.108846
= 6460 cm 3 (3 sig. fig.)

(c) When x = 12.721,

d 2V
= −8 x − 12
dx 2
d 2V
= −8(12.721) − 12
dx 2
= −113.768

d 2V
Since  0 , therefore the volume is maximum.
dx 2
2
(a) Let breadth of rectangle be h.

P = BC + 2 x + AD
80 = 3 x + 2 AD
80 − 3x
AD =
2

PA
cos 60 =
x
x
PA =
2
 PB
sin 60 =
x
3
PB = x
2

1  3 
Area = ( AD + BC ) x 
2  2 
1
= (80 − 3x + x) 3 x
4
3
= x(80 − 2 x)
4
 1 
= 3 x 20 − x  (Shown)
 2 

(b) (i)
dA 3
= 20 3 − (2 x)
dx 2
0 = 20 3 − 3 x
x = 20

d2 y
(ii) = −3  0
dx 2

Maximum value

Question 3
(a) Let the slant height of the cone be l cm.

By Pythagoras’ Theorem,
2
 10 x 
l = (12 x) + 
2 2

 2 
= 144 x 2 + 25 x 2
= 169 x 2
l = 13x

Since l  0 , l = 13x .

Hence, the slant height of the cone is 13x cm.

(b)
 Total surface area of mould = 430 cm 2
2 (5 x)h +  (5 x)(13x) = 430
10 xh + 65 x 2 = 430
10 xh = 430 − 65 x 2
430 − 65 x 2
h=
10 x
43 13x
h= −
x 2

(c)
1  43 13 
V =  (5 x) 2 (12 x) +  (5 x) 2  − x 
3  x 2 
 43 13 
= 100 x 3 + 25 x 2  − x 
 x 2 
325 3
= 100 x 3 + 1075 x − x
2
125 3
= 1075 x −  x (shown)
2

(d)
125 3
V = 1075 x − x
2
dV 375 2
= 1075 − x
dx 2

dV
For stationary values, =0.
dx
375 2
1075 − x =0
2
375 2
x = 1075
2
86
x2 =
15
86
x=
15
= 2.3944
= 2.39 (correct to 3 sig. fig.)

Since x  0 , x = 2.39 .

Hence, the value of x is 2.39.

(e) When h = 2.3944 ,

43 13
h= − (2.3944)
2.3944 2
= 2.39 (correct to 3 sig. fig.)
 dV 375 2
= 1075 − x
dx 2
d 2V 375
2
=−  0
dx 2

By the second derivative test, the volume, V, is a maximum.

Hence, the corresponding value of h is 2.39 and the volume is a maximum.

4
(a)
Volume of prism = 250 cm 3
1
 4 x  3x  y = 250
2
6 x 2 y = 250
125
y= 2
3x

(b) In right-angled ABC , by Pythagoras’ Theorem,

BC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2
= (3 x) 2 + (4 x) 2
= 9 x 2 + 16 x 2
= 25 x 2
BC =  5 x

Since BC  0 , BC = 5 x .

Total surface area of the prism, S

1
= 2 (4 x)(3x) + 5 xy + 4 xy + 3xy
2
= 12 x 2 + 12 xy
 125 
= 12 x 2 + 12 x 2 
 3x 
500
= 12 x 2 + (shown)
x

(c)
500
S = 12 x 2 +
x
dS 500
= 24 x − 2
dx x

dS
For stationary values, = 0.
dx
 500
24 x − =0
x2
24 x 3 − 500
=0
x2
24 x 3 − 500 = 0
24 x 3 = 500
125
x3 =
6
125
x=3
6
x = 2.7516
x = 2.75 (correct to 3 sig. fig.)

Hence, the value of x is 2.75.

(c) When x = 2.7516 ,

500
S = 12(2.7516) 2 +
2.7516
= 273 (correct to 3 sig. fig.)

dS 500
= 24 x − 2
dx x
2
d S 1000
2
= 24 + 3
dx x

125
When x 3 = ,
6
d2S  6 
= 24 + 1000  
 125 
2
dx
= 72  0

By the second derivative test, S is a minimum.

Hence, the stationary value of S is 273 cm 2 and it is a minimum.

5(a) Let the length of the drain be y m.

By Pythagoras’ Theorem,
(60 − x) 2 = y 2 + x 2
y 2 = (60 − x) 2 − x 2
= 3600 − 120 x + x 2 − x 2
= 3600 − 120 x
y =  3600 − 120 x

Since y  0 , y = 3600 − 120 x .

 1
Area of triangle, A = x 3600 − 120 x (shown)
2

(b)
1
A= x 3600 − 120 x
2
dA 1  120  1
= x − + 3600 − 120 x
dx 2  2 3600 − 120 x  2
30 x 3600 − 120 x
=− +
3600 − 120 x 2
− 30 x + (3600 − 120 x)
=
2 3600 − 120 x
3600 − 150 x
=
2 3600 − 120 x

dA
For stationary points, = 0.
dx
3600 − 150 x
=0
2 3600 − 120 x
3600 − 150 x = 0
150 x = 3600
x = 24

Hence, the value of x is 24.

(c) When x = 24 ,
1
A= (24) 3600 − 120(24)
2
= 12 720
= 144 5

x 23.9 24 24.1
dA
positive 0 negative
dx
sketch of tangent / -- \

By the first derivative test, A is a maximum.

Hence, the stationary value of A is 144 5 m2 and it is a maximum.

6
(a) For the base of the prism,
square of the longest side = (5 x) 2
= 25 x 2

sum of the square of the other two sides

 = (4 x) 2 + (3x) 2
= 16 x 2 + 9 x 2
= 25 x 2

By the converse of Pythagoras’ Theorem, since the square of the longest side
is equal to the sum of the square of the other two sides, then the base of the prism
is a right-angled triangle. (shown)

(b)
Total volume = 96 cm 3
1
(4 x)(3x)( x) +  x 2 y = 96
2
6 x 3 +  x 2 y = 96
 x 2 y = 96 − 6 x 3
96 − 6 x 3
y=
 x2

(c) Total surface area, S

1 
= 2  (4 x)(3 x) + (4 x + 5 x + 3 x)( x) −  x 2 + 2 xy +  x 2
2 
 96 − 6 x 3 
= 12 x 2 + 12 x 2 + 2 x 
 x 
2

2(96 − 6 x 3 )
= 24 x 2 +
x
192
= 24 x 2 + − 12 x 2
x
192
= + 12 x 2 (shown)
x

(d)
192
S= + 12 x 2
x
dS 192
= − 2 + 24 x
dx x

dS
For stationary values, = 0.
dx
192
− + 24 x = 0
x2
192
24 x = 2
x
24 x = 192
3

x3 = 8
x=2
Hence, the value of x is 2.

(e) When x = 2 ,
 192
S= + 12(2) 2
2
= 144
Hence, the stationary value of S is 144 cm 2 .
(f)
dS 192
= − 2 + 24 x
dx x
2
d S 384
= 3 + 24
dx 2 x

When x = 2 ,
d 2 S 384
= 3 + 24
dx 2 2
= 72  0

By the second derivative test, S is a minimum.

Hence, the stationary value of S is a minimum.

Part E Equations of normals and tangents (2)


1The equation of a curve for 0  x  is y = a cos x − b , where a and b are constants.
2
 
The equation of the normal to the curve where x = is 3 y = x − . Find the value of a and of b.
3 3

1 − 2x
2 A curve has equation y = , x  3.
x−3
dy
(a) Find .
dx
(b) Find the equation of the normal to the curve at x = 2.
(c) Does the curve have a turning point? Explain your answer.
Solutions
1

When x = , y=0
3

dy
= −a sin x
dx

1 3
m tangent = or − a
3 2

2
mnormal = − 3 or −
3a
  
− a sin   = − 3
3
a=2

 
0 = 2 cos   − b
3
b =1

2
(a)
dy ( x − 3)(−2) − (1 − 2 x)
=
dx ( x − 3) 2
5
=
( x − 3) 2

dy
(b) At x = 2, y = 3, = 5,
dx
dy 1
=−
dx normal 5

Equation of normal,
1
y − 3 = − ( x − 2)
5
1 17
y =− x+
5 5
Part F Increasing and decreasing (3) 42

x2 − x +1
1 Given that y = , x 1,
5x − 5
dy x 2 − 2x
(a) show that = .
dx 5( x − 1) 2
(b) find the range of values of x which y is decreasing.
x −1
2 The equation of a curve is given by y = .
3 + x2
 dy − ( x − 3)( x + 1)
(a) Show that = .
dx (3 + x 2 ) 2
(b) Determine the range of values of x for which y is a decreasing function.

3 2
3 The equation of a curve is y = x 3 + x − 6 x + k , where k is a constant.
2
Find
(a) the set of values of x for which y is decreasing.
(b) the possible values of k for which the x-axis is a tangent to the curve.

Question 1
(a)
dy (5 x − 5)(2 x − 1) − 5( x 2 − x + 1)
=
dx (5 x − 5) 2
10 x 2 − 15 x + 5 − 5 x 2 + 5 x − 5
=
(5 x − 5) 2
5 x 2 − 10 x
=
25( x − 1) 2
x2 − 2x
= (shown)
5( x − 1) 2

(b)
dy
0
dx
x 2 − 2x
0
5( x − 1) 2

Since ( x − 1) 2  0 ,
x 2 − 2x  0
x( x − 2)  0

 0  x  2, x  1
Question 2
(a)
dy (3 + x 2 )  1 − ( x − 1)(2 x)
=
dx (3 + x 2 ) 2
− x 2 + 2x + 3
=
(3 + x 2 ) 2
− ( x 2 − 2 x − 3)
=
(3 + x 2 ) 2
− ( x − 3)( x + 1)
=
(3 + x 2 ) 2

(b) For y to be a decreasing function, ( x − 3)( x + 1)  0 .

 x  −1 or x  3

Question3
(a)
3 2
y = x3 + x − 6x + k
2
dy 3
= 3x 2 + (2 x) − 6
dx 2

dy
Since y is decreasing, 0,
dx
3x 2 + 3x − 6  0
x2 + x − 2  0
( x + 2)( x − 1)  0

 −2  x  1

(b) When x-axis is a tangent to the curve,

dy
=0
dx
x2 + x − 2 = 0
x = −2 or 1

At x-axis, y = 0,
3 2
0 = x3 + x − 6x + k
2

When x = −2 ,
 3
− k = (−2) 3 + (−2) 2 − 6(−2)
2
k = −10

When x = 1,
3
− k = (1) 3 + (1) 2 − 6(1)
2
1
k =3
2

1
k = −10 or 3
2

Part G connected rate of change (8)

Question 28
A point (x, y) moves along the curve y = 2x3e2x such that the y-coordinate is increasing at a constant
1
rate of 4 units per second. Find the rate of change of the x-coordinate when x = .
2

Question 29
x+2
A curve has the equation y = .
3x + 1
dy ax + b
(a) Express in the form , where a, b and c are integers.
dx c(3 x + 1) 3 x + 1
(b) Find the rate of change of y when x = 1, given that x is decreasing at a constant rate
of 32 units per second.

Question 31
The diagram shows an inverted right circular cone with base radius 12 cm and height
30 cm. Initially it is filled with water. Water leaks through a small hole at the vertex P at
the rate of 8 cm3/min.

12 cm

(a) Show that the volume of water, V cm3, in the cone in terms of height, h is given by
4h 3
V = .
75
(b) Find the rate of decrease of the depth of the water when h = 5 cm.
Question 32
The diagram shows a container made up of a cylindrical top and a cone base. The radius
of the cylinder is 3 cm and its height is 4 cm.

3 cm

4 cm

8 cm

(a) Given that the height of the cone is 8 cm, find the volume of the container in terms of
.
(b) Two taps filled the container at the same time, at the rate of 3 cm3 /s and x cm3 /s
respectively. Given that the container was filled to the brim with water in 8 seconds,
find the value of x.
(c) The container is filled to the brim with water. A small hole is cut at the vertex of the
cone and the water drips at a constant rate of 12 cm 3 / s . Calculate the amount of
water in terms of  , left in the container after 4 seconds.

Question 34
4
The volume of a sphere is given by V =  r 3 .
3
dV
(a) Find .
dr
(b) If the volume of the sphere is increasing at the rate of 25 cm3 s −1 when r = 3, find the
rate of change of the radius.

Question 35
The radius of a circle increases at a rate of 3 cm s −1 . Find the rate of increase of the area
when
(a) the radius is 5 cm,
(b) the area is 4 cm 2 .
(Leave your answers in terms of  )

Question 5

The variable y is given in terms of x by y = cos 2 x − 0.2 , where 0  x  . Given that x
2
is increasing at 0.2 radians per second, find the rate of change of y with respect to time

when x = , giving your answer in surd form.
3

Question 6
3x + 1
The equation of a curve is y = . Given that y is changing at a constant rate of
4x − 7
0.5 units per second, find the rate of change of x when x = 2.

Answers and solutions

Question 28
0.736 units/s

Question 29
3x − 4
(a) 3
(b) 2
2(3x + 1) 2

Question 31
(b) The rate of decrease is 0.637 cm/s

Question 32
(a) 60 cm3 (b) 4.5 (c) 12 cm3

Question 34
(a) 4 r 2 (b) 0.221 cm s −1

Question 35
(a) 30 cm s −1 (b) 12 cm 2 s −1

Question 28
y = 2 x 3e 2 x
dy
= 6 x 2 e 2 x + 2 x 3  2e 2 x
dx
2 3
1 1  1
= 6  e + 4  e  when x = 
2 2  2

dy dy dx
= 
dt dx dt
dx
4 = 2e 
dt
dx 4
=
dt 2e
2
= or 0.736 (3 sig. fig.)
e

2
The x- coordinate is increasing at a rate of or 0.736 units/s.
e

Question 31
dh
(b) = −0.637
dt

Question 34
(a)
 4
V =  r3
3
dV
= 4 r 2
dr

(b)
dV dV dr
= 
dt dr dt
dr
25 = 4 (3) 2 
dt
dr
= 0.221
dt

Therefore, rate of change of radius is 0.221 cm s −1 .

Question 35
dr
(a) =3
dt

A = r2

dA dr
= 2 r
dt dt
= 2  5  3
= 30 cm 2 s −1

(b)
A = r2
= 4

r=2

dA
= 2  2  3
dt
= 12 cm 2 s −1

Question 5
y = cos 2 x − 0.2

dy
= 2 cos x(− sin x)
dx
= −2 sin x cos x
= − sin 2 x
dy dy dx
= 
dt dx dt
 
= − sin 2   0.2
3
3
=−
10

Question 6
3x + 1
y=
4x − 7
dy (4 x − 7)(3) − (3 x + 1)(4)
=
dx ( 4 x − 7) 2
− 25
=
( 4 x − 7) 2

dy
When x = 2, = −25
dx

dx
Rate of change of x =
dt
dx dy
= 
dy dt
−1
=  0.5
25
= −0.02 units/s