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Stresses in Beams

The document discusses stresses in beams, particularly focusing on bending stresses or flexural stresses that arise from bending moments. It outlines the assumptions necessary for deriving the flexure formula and explains the relationship between bending moment and resulting stresses. Additionally, it provides practice problems related to calculating maximum bending stresses and allowable forces in beams.

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lemanon69
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25 views2 pages

Stresses in Beams

The document discusses stresses in beams, particularly focusing on bending stresses or flexural stresses that arise from bending moments. It outlines the assumptions necessary for deriving the flexure formula and explains the relationship between bending moment and resulting stresses. Additionally, it provides practice problems related to calculating maximum bending stresses and allowable forces in beams.

Uploaded by

lemanon69
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STRESSES IN BEAMS These assumptions allow us to draw the following Formulas:

conclusion: each cross section of the beam rotates as a


In the previous topics, we examined the stresses rigid body around a line known as the neutral axis. This
in bars resulting from axial loads and torsion. In this neutral axis passes through the beam’s longitudinal axis
chapter, we introduce a third primary type of loading: and marks the point where bending stress is zero. Material
bending. To establish the relationship between the bending fibers located above the neutral axis experience
moment and the resulting stresses, we must once again compression, while those below are subjected to tension
make several simplifying assumptions. While these (or vice versa, depending on the direction of the applied
assumptions might seem overly limiting, the derived bending).
equations have proven to be highly effective in designing
straight, elastic beams.
Where:

• σ = flexural stress (in Pascals or psi)


BENDING STRESS
• M = internal bending moment at the cross-section
Assumptions
• y = distance from the neutral axis to the point
The stresses produced by a bending moment are referred where stress is calculated
to as bending stresses or flexural stresses. The equation
that relates these stresses to the bending moment is known • I = moment of inertia of the cross-sectional area
as the flexure formula. To derive this formula, we rely on about the neutral axis
the following assumptions:
• ρ - the radius of curvature of the neutral axis.
• The beam possesses an axial plane of symmetry, Figure 1
designated as the xy-plane (refer to Fig 1).
• The applied loads (such as F1, F2, and F3 in Fig.
1) are situated within the plane of symmetry and The maximum value of bending stress without regard to its
act perpendicular to the beam’s axis (the x-axis). sign is given by:
Flexure Formula
• The beam’s axis undergoes bending without
stretching (the axis remains within the plane of Stresses caused by the bending moment are known as
symmetry, though its precise position will be flexural or bending stresses.
determined later).
• Cross sections of the beam that were originally
plane remain plane after deformation (they do not S = I/c is called the section modulus of the beam
warp) and stay perpendicular to the bent axis of
the beam.
• Any changes in the cross-sectional dimensions of
the beam are considered negligible.

Because vertical shear forces generate shear stresses Since S=I/c, the formula can also be written as:
that can cause an originally flat section to warp, our
discussion here will focus exclusively on the deformations
produced by bending moments. It can be shown, however,
that for slender beams—where the length is significantly
greater than the cross-sectional dimensions—the
deformations from vertical shear are negligible when
compared to those caused by bending.
Problems 4. The simply supported beam of rectangular cross 3. Determine the maximum tensile and compressive
section carries a distributed load of intensity wo= 3 bending stresses.
1. The simply supported beam in the figure has a kN/m and a concentrated force P. Determine the
rectangular cross section 120 mm wide and 200 mm largest allowable value of P if the bending stress is not
high. to exceed 10 MPa.
a. Compute the maximum bending stress in the
beam.
b. Sketch the bending stress distribution over
the cross section on which the maximum
bending stress occurs.
c. Compute the bending stress at a point on
section B that is 25 mm below the top of the
beam.

Practice Problems:

1. The box beam is made by nailing four 2-in. by 8-in.


planks together as shown. Given that wo=300 lb/ft, find
the largest allowable force P if the bending stress is
limited to 1400 psi.

2. The simply supported beam in the figure below has the


T-shaped cross section shown. Determine the values 4. Determine the maximum tensile and compressive
and locations of the maximum tensile and compressive bending stresses.
bending stresses.

2. The shaft is supported by smooth journal bearings at


A and B that only exert vertical reactions on the shaft.
Determine its smallest diameter d if the allowable
bending stress is σallow = 180 MPa.
3. A wood beam carries the loading shown in the figure.
Determine the smallest allowable width b of the beam
if the working stress in bending is 10 MPa.

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