MATERI3

Mat
aKul
i
ah :
Gener
alEngl
i
shI
Per
temuanke :
3(Ti
ga)
SKS :
2(Dua)
Semest
er :
1(Sat
u)
Pr
ogr
am St
udy:
Sekol
ahTi
nggi
IlmuEkonomi
(STI
E)
Dosen :
Sit
iMar
iyanah,
S.Pd,
M.Pd

KI
NDSofPRESENTTENSES
 Thesimplepresentt ensei
sav erbtensewhichisusedtoshowrepet
it
ion,habi
t
orgener
ali
tat
ion.Itcanbeusedt otalkaboutschedul
edact
ionsi
nthenearfut
ure
and,i
nsomecases, acti
ons,
happeningnow.

 Use1r epeat
edacti
ons.Itcanbehabit,hobby
,dai
ly
,ev
ent
,schedul
e
event
,orsomethi
ngthatoft
enhappens.Exampl
es:

o Ipl
ayt
abl
etenni
s.

o Thet
rai
nleav
esev
erymor
ningat8.
00pm.

 Use2factsorgener
ali
zati
ons.Itcanal
soindi
cat
ethespeakerbel
iev
es
thataf
actwastruebefor
e,itt
ruenow,andwil
lbetr
ueinthefutur
e.

o Cat
sli
kemi
l
k.

o Cal
i
for
niai
sinAmer
ica.

o Wi
ndowsar
emadeofgl
ass.

 Use3schedul edeventsi nthenearf

utur
e.I
ttal
ksaboutscheduled
eventinthenearfuture.Thisismostcommonlydonewhent al
ki
ng
aboutpubli
ctransport
ation,buti
tcanbeusdwi t
hotherscheduled
event
saswel l
.

o Thet
rai
nleav
est
oni
ghtat6.
00pm.
 o Thebusdoesnotar
ri
veat11.
00am,
itar
ri
vesat11.
00pm.

o Thepar
tyst
art
sat8.
00o’
cl
ock.

o Cl
assbegi
nst
omor
row.

 Presentcont
inuous/
progr
essi
vetenseindi
cat
escont
inui
ngact
ion,something
goingonnow.Thi st
enseisfor
medwi t
hthehelpi
ng“
tobe”v
erbinthepresent
tense.

Exampl
e:

o He/
she/
iti
ssweepi
ngt
hef
looratt
hemoment
.

o You/
we/
theyar
egi
vi
ngmeaheadache.

o Herhusbandi
sal
way
scompl
aini
ngabouthi
sheal
th.

o Iam t
alki
ngmyf
inal
exam t
omor
row.

o Youar
egoi
ngoutt
oni
ght
.

 Presentper
fecttensecombi nesthepresenttense&theper f
ectaspectuset
o
expressaneventthathappenedinthepastthathaspr
esentconcequences.

I
tcanbeusedi
nthef
oll
owi
ngway
s:

 To descr
ibean act
iont
hati
sbei
ng r
epeat
ed bet
ween t
hepast&
pr
esent.

o Wehav
egonet
othebeachmanyt
imes.

 Todescri
beanact
iont
hatst
art
edi
nthepastandi
sst
il
lcont
inui
ngi
n
thef
utur
e.

o Ihav
eli
vedi
ntheuni
tedst
atessi
nce1990.

 Todescr
ibeanact
iont
hathasnoty
etbeenf
ini
shed.

o I
thasr
ainedal
ott
hismont
h.

 Pr
esentper
fectpr
ogr
essi
veshowsunf
ini
shedact
ions.

 Tosayhow longforunfi
nishedacti
onswhichstart
edinthepastand
cont
inuet
othepresent
.Weof t
enusethi
s“wit
h”.“
for”&“
since”
.

o I
’
vebeenl
i
vingi
nLondonf
ort
woy
ear
s.
 o She’
sbeenwor
kingher
esi
nce2004.

o We’
vebeenwai
ti
ngf
ort
hebusf
orhour
s.

 Fort
empor
aryhabi
tsorsi
tuat
ions.

o I
’
vebeengoi
ngt
othegy
m al
otr
ecent
ly.

o They
’vebeenl
i
vingwi
thhi
smot
herwhi
l
etheyl
ookf
orahouse.

o I
’
vebeenr
eadi
ngal
otr
ecent
ly.

 Acti
onswhichhav
er ecentl
ystopped&havear esul
t,whi
chwecan
oft
ensee,
hear,
offeel
,inthepr
esent,
wedon’
tuseat i
mewordher
e.

o I
’
m sot
ir
ed,
I’
vebeenst
udy
ing.

o I
’
vebeenr
unni
ng,
soI
’
mreal
l
yhot
.

o I
thasbeenr
aini
ngsot
hepav
ementi
swet
.

KI
NDSofPASTTENSES
 Thesi mplepastt enseshowsact ionsthatoccurr
edandwascompl etedata
part
icularti
mei nthepast .Thesimplepasttenseofregul
arv er
bismar kedby
endi
ngdored,al soirr
egularver
bshav eavariet
yendi
ngs.It
’snotaccompani ed
byhelpingv er
b.Timei nthepastsuchasy ester
day,l
astyear,anhourago,last
ni
ght,,etc.

Exampl
esofr
egul
arv
erbs:

1.(
+)Isol
vedt
hispr
obl
em aswel
l
.

(
-)Idi
dnotsol
vet
hispr
obl
em aswel
l
.

(
?)Di
dIsol
vet
hispr
obl
em aswel
l
?

Exampl
esofi
rr
egul
araswel
l
:

2.(
+)Shewr
oteI
nter
nat
ional
jour
nal
lastmont
h.

(
-)Shedi
dnotwr
it
eInt
ernat
ional
jour
nal
lastmont
h.

(
?)Di
dshewr
it
eInt
ernat
ional
jour
nal
lastmont
h?

 Pastcont
inuous/
progr
essi
vei
sav
erbt
ensewhi
chi
susedt
oshow t
hatan
 ongoi
ngpastact
ionwashappeni
ngataspeci
fi
cmomentofi
nter
rupt
ion,ort
hat
twoongoi
ngacti
onswer
ehappeningatt
hesameti
me.

Exampl
es:

1.(
+)Youwer
est
udy
ingwhenshecal
l
ed.

(
?)Wer
eyoust
udy
ingwhenshecal
l
ed?

(
-)Youwer
enotst
udy
ingwhenshecal
l
ed.

2.(
+)Whi
l
ehewassl
eepi
ngl
astni
ght
,someonest
olehi
scar
.

(
?)Washesl
eepi
ngwhi
l
esomeonest
olehi
scarl
astni
ght
?

(
-)Whi
l
ehewasnotsl
eepi
ngl
astni
ght
,someonest
olehi
scar
.

3.(
+)Shewasl
i
steni
ngwhenhewast
alki
ng.

(
?)Wasshel
i
steni
ngwhenhewast
alki
ng?

(
-)Shewasnotl
i
steni
ngwhenhewast
alki
ng.

 Pastper
fecttensei
susedtomakei
tcl
eart
hatoneev
enthappened.I
tref
erst
oa
ti
meearli
erthenbef
orenow.

Exampl
es:

1.(
+)JanehadgoneoutwhenIar
ri
vedi
ntheof
fi
ce.

(
?)HadJanegoneoutwhenIar
ri
vedi
ntheof
fi
ce?

(
-)j
anehadnotgoneoutwhenIar
ri
vedi
ntheof
fi
ce.

2.(
+)Ihadsav
edmydocument
,bef
oret
hecomput
ercr
ashed.

(
?)HadIsav
edmydocument
,bef
oret
hecomput
ercr
ashed?

(
-)Ihadnotsav
edmydocument
,bef
oret
hecomput
ercr
ashed.

3.(
+)Hewasv
eryt
ir
ed,
becausehehadsl
eptwel
l
.

(
?)Washev
eryt
ir
ed,
becausehehadsl
eptwel
l
?

(
-)Hewasnotv
eryt
ir
ed,
bef
orehehadsl
eptwel
l
.

 Pastperf
ectcont
inuous/
progr
essi
veisav er
btensewhichi
susedtoshowt
hat
anacti
on,st
art
edinthepastandcont
inueduptoanot
herpoi
nti
nthepast
.
Exampl
es:

1.(
+)Theyhadbeent
alki
ngf
orov
eranhourbef
oreJohnar
ri
ved.

(
?)Hadt
heybeent
alki
ngf
orov
eranhourbef
oreJohnar
ri
ved?

(
-)Theyhadnotbeent
alki
ngf
orov
eranhourbef
oreJohnar
ri
ved.

2.(+)James had f
ail
ed t
he f
inalt
estbecause he had notbeen
att
endi
ngcl
ass.

(?
)HadJamesf ai
l
edt
hef
inalexam t
estbecausehehadnotbeen
att
endi
ngcl
ass?

(-
)Jameshadnotf
ail
edt
hef
inalt
estbecausehehadnotbeen
att
endi
ngcl
ass.

3.(
+)Hewast
ir
edbecausehehadbeenexer
cisi
ngt
oohar
d.

(
?)Washet
ir
edbecausehehadbeenexer
cisi
ngt
oohar
d?

(
-)Hewasnott
ir
edbecausehehadbeenexer
cisi
ngt
oohar
d.