* 0000800000001 *

,










,

Cambridge IGCSE™

¬WŠ. 4mHuOªEŠ]|6€W
¬]={P¢£©O‰t\3\;A‘‚
¥ 5•u•eUUE•EE•¥u•U
* 9 6 6 5 6 1 3 7 1 5 *

PHYSICS 0625/41
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) October/November 2024

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.
● Take the weight of 1.0 kg to be 9.8 N (acceleration of free fall = 9.8 m / s2).

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 20 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (CE/CB) 336627/3
© UCLES 2024 [Turn over
 * 0000800000002 *

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

2
,










,

1 A spring is suspended from a clamp. Fig. 1.1 shows a pointer attached to the lower end of the
spring.

cm
metre ruler

10

20

30

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

40
spring
50 pointer

60

70

80
loads
90

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

Fig. 1.1

A student suspends loads of different weights from the spring and records the readings on the
metre ruler.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

ĬÕĊ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊàú¸þ×
© UCLES 2024 ĬÝ¿üÍĦħÿèøĆ·ċâċùęĂ
ĥÕåĕµõĥµĥąÅąÅÕąµµÕ
0625/41/O/N/24
 * 0000800000003 *
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

3
,










,

Fig. 1.2 is the reading–weight graph that the student obtains.

80

70

60
reading / cm
50
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

40

30

20

10

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0
weight / N
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

Fig. 1.2

(a) (i) Using Fig. 1.2, determine the reading on the metre ruler when

1. no weight is attached to the spring ................................................................................

2. a weight of 5.6 N is attached to the spring .....................................................................

[1]

(ii) Calculate the extension of the spring when the weight attached is 5.6 N.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

extension = ......................................................... [1]

(b) Using the values found in (a), calculate the spring constant of the spring.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

spring constant = ......................................................... [2]

Ĭ×Ċ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊàü¸þ×
© UCLES 2024 ĬÝÀûÕĤīïÑĂûòÏÚÏùĩĂ
ĥÕÕÕõĕąÕõõĕąÅµĥõåÕ
0625/41/O/N/24 [Turn over
 * 0000800000004 *

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

4
,










,

(c) An object of mass 0.50 kg is attached to the spring.

(i) Calculate the weight of the object.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

weight = ......................................................... [1]

(ii) The object is pulled downwards until the tension in the spring is 6.5 N.

The object is released.

Calculate the acceleration of the object immediately after it is released.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

acceleration = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 8]

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

ĬÕĊ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊÞú¸Ā×
© UCLES 2024 ĬÝÀúÕĪęúæĀôùíöíĩđĂ
ĥĥąÕµĕąõĕÕĥąąµÅõµÕ
0625/41/O/N/24
 * 0000800000006 *

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

6
,










,

2 A drag car is a racing car that is powered by a rocket engine.

A drag car accelerates uniformly from rest until it reaches the finishing line. The engine is then
switched off and a parachute opens. The car decelerates until it stops.

Fig. 2.1 shows a drag car decelerating after a race.

parachute

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

drag car

Fig. 2.1

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

This drag car has a mass of 1400 kg.

Fig. 2.2 is the speed–time graph for the car during a race on a straight horizontal track.

160

140
speed
120
m/s

100

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

80

60

40

20

0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
time / s
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

Fig. 2.2

The car reaches its maximum speed of 130 m / s at a time of 6.5 s.

ĬÙĊ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊßüµþ×
© UCLES 2024 ĬÝÀùÒĦíĄÛíðÅÉöÌÁđĂ
ĥµÕĕõÕĥµÅÅĕąÅÕąõõÕ
0625/41/O/N/24
 * 0000800000007 *
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

7
,










,

(a) (i) Calculate the maximum momentum of the car during the race.

maximum momentum = ......................................................... [2]

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

(ii) State the feature of Fig. 2.2 that represents the distance travelled by the car.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Determine the distance travelled by the car in the first 6.5 s.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

distance = ......................................................... [2]

(b) The parachute opens at 6.5 s and the car decelerates.

Describe how Fig. 2.2 shows that, after 6.5 s:

(i) the car decelerates

...........................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) the deceleration of the car is not constant.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Describe the energy transfer that takes place as the car slows down.

...................................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 9]

ĬÛĊ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊßúµþ×
© UCLES 2024 ĬÝ¿úÚĤñôÞċāĄčþĐÁġĂ
ĥµåÕµµąÕÕµÅąÅµĥµĥÕ
0625/41/O/N/24 [Turn over
 * 0000800000008 *

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

8
,










,

3 (a) Define the moment of a force and describe the effect that it measures.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) A large rectangular block of stone has a square base of side 3.4 m. Fig. 3.1 shows the block

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

at rest on a horizontal surface.

3.4 m

horizontal surface

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

Fig. 3.1

The block is of uniform density and the centre of gravity G is at its centre.

(i) Explain what is meant by centre of gravity.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The weight of the block is 1.3 × 107 N.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

Calculate the moment of the weight of the block about corner X.

moment of weight = ......................................................... [2]

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

ĬÙĊ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊÝüµĀ×
© UCLES 2024 ĬÝ¿ûÚĪăõÙąĊċ¯â®ÑęĂ
ĥąõÕõµąõµĕµąąµÅµõÕ
0625/41/O/N/24
 * 0000800000009 *
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

9
,










,

(c) The block shown in Fig. 3.1 is in equilibrium.

State the two different conditions that apply when an object is in equilibrium.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 8]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

ĬÛĊ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊÝúµĀ×
© UCLES 2024 ĬÝÀüÒĠÿąàó÷¾īÚĪÑĩĂ
ĥąąĕµÕĥĕåĥĥąąÕåõĥÕ
0625/41/O/N/24 [Turn over
 * 0000800000010 *

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

10
,










,

4 (a) Describe an experiment to determine the specific heat capacity of aluminium. You may draw
a diagram.

Include in your answer:

• the measurements made

• any equations needed.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

...................................................................................................................................................

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(b) An aluminium dish is initially at room temperature. Boiling water is poured into the aluminium
dish as shown in Fig. 4.1.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

boiling water

aluminium dish

table surface

Fig. 4.1
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

ĬÙĊ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊàü·þ×
© UCLES 2024 ĬݾûÓĬċģ×þāáÓäÚĩġĂ
ĥÕĕĕõµåõĕåµÅąĕŵÅÕ
0625/41/O/N/24
 * 0000800000011 *
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

11
,









,

(i) Explain why, after a short time, the dish and the water are the same temperature.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) Explain, in terms of its particles, why the aluminium expands as the boiling water is
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

poured into the dish.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) The water in the dish evaporates.

Explain, in terms of the water molecules, what is meant by evaporation.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 11]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

ĬÛĊ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊàú·þ×
© UCLES 2024 ĬݽüÛĞćēâüðĨćÜþĩđĂ
ĥÕĥÕµÕÅĕąÕĥÅąõåõÕÕ
0625/41/O/N/24 [Turn over
 * 0000800000012 *

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

12
,









,

5 A loudspeaker produces a sound wave in air. The distance between the centre of a compression
and the centre of a neighbouring rarefaction is 0.10 m.

(a) Calculate the wavelength of the sound wave.

wavelength = ......................................................... [1]

(b) State a typical value for the speed of sound in air.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) (i) Calculate the frequency of the sound from the loudspeaker.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

frequency = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) Explain whether the sound from the loudspeaker is audible to a human with normal
hearing.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

ĬÙĊ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊÞü·Ā×
© UCLES 2024 ĬݽùÛĨõĖÕö÷ğåøàùĩĂ
ĥĥµÕõÕŵĥõĕÅÅõąõÅÕ
0625/41/O/N/24
 * 0000800000013 *
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

13
,









,

(d) Another loudspeaker produces a sound of wavelength 0.40 m. Sound from the loudspeaker
reaches a sound absorbing surface with a gap of width 0.80 m at the centre.

Fig. 5.1 shows the arrangement.

gap
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

0.80 m

loudspeaker K

sound absorbing surface

Fig. 5.1

Explain whether it is possible to detect sound from the loudspeaker at either point J or at
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

point K.

point J .......................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

point K ......................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

[4]

[Total: 9]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

ĬÛĊ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊÞú·Ā×
© UCLES 2024 ĬݾúÓĢùĦäĄĊêñĀüùęĂ
ĥĥÅĕµµåÕõąÅÅÅĕĥµÕÕ
0625/41/O/N/24 [Turn over
 * 0000800000014 *

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

14
,









,

6 A potential divider is made by connecting a light-dependent resistor (LDR) and a thermistor in

series. Fig. 6.1 shows the potential divider, a voltmeter and a direct current (d.c.) power supply
connected into a circuit.

+ –

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

V

Fig. 6.1

The voltmeter measures the potential difference (p.d.) across the LDR.

(a) Define potential difference (p.d.).

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the supply is E.

Describe how the p.d. across the thermistor can be determined using the reading on the
voltmeter.

...................................................................................................................................................

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

ĬÕĊ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊÝù¶Ă×
© UCLES 2024 ĬݽüÒĠĆĎÒĆýąÍÕðÉđĂ
ĥÅÅÕõÕĥõĕĕÅąąÕÅõąÕ
0625/41/O/N/24
 * 0000800000015 *
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

15
,









,

(c) The resistance of the LDR decreases and the resistance of the thermistor increases.

(i) State what has happened to the light intensity incident on the LDR and the temperature
of the thermistor.

intensity of incident light on LDR: ......................................................................................

temperature of thermistor: .................................................................................................

[1]

(ii) Explain what happens to the reading on the voltmeter.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 7]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

Ĭ×Ċ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊÝû¶Ă×
© UCLES 2024 ĬݾûÚĪĊĞçôôÄĉÝìÉġĂ
ĥŵĕµµąĕąĥĕąąµåµĕÕ
0625/41/O/N/24 [Turn over
 * 0000800000016 *

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

16
,









,

7 A solid bar is inside a copper solenoid. Fig. 7.1 shows that the copper solenoid is connected in
series with a battery and a variable resistor.

copper solenoid

bar

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

Fig. 7.1

The device shown in Fig. 7.1 is an electromagnet.

(a) Suggest a suitable material for the bar.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

(b) The right-hand end of the bar is the S pole.

(i) Fig. 7.2 shows the bar viewed from above.

On Fig. 7.2, draw at least six field lines to show the pattern and direction of the magnetic
field surrounding the bar.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

S
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

Fig. 7.2
[3]

ĬÕĊ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊßù¶Ą×
© UCLES 2024 ĬݾúÚĤüīÔîûËëāĊÙęĂ
ĥõĥĕõµąµĥÅĥąÅµąµąÕ
0625/41/O/N/24
 * 0000800000017 *
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

17
,









,

(ii) The resistance of the variable resistor increases.

Explain what happens to the magnetic field surrounding the bar and state how the pattern
of field lines that represents the field changes.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(c) A square coil of many turns is placed close to the bar. Fig. 7.3 shows the plane of the square
coil parallel to the flat circular surface at the right-hand end of the bar.

terminals

copper solenoid

square coil
bar
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

Fig. 7.3

The resistance of the variable resistor is alternately increased and decreased.

Explain what happens in the wires of the square coil.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 10]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

Ĭ×Ċ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊßû¶Ą×
© UCLES 2024 ĬݽùÒĦøěåČĆþïùÎÙĩĂ
ĥõĕÕµÕĥÕõµµąÅÕĥõĕÕ
0625/41/O/N/24 [Turn over
 * 0000800000018 *

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

18
,









 ,

8 The nuclide notation for the radioactive isotope carbon-14 is 146C.

(a) Using the symbols shown in Fig. 8.1, draw a diagram to show the number of electrons,
neutrons and protons in a neutral atom of carbon-14 and how they are arranged.

symbols:

electron

neutron

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

proton

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

Fig. 8.1
[3]

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

(b) Describe how the composition of a neutral atom of carbon-14 is different from the composition
of a neutral atom of nitrogen-14 (147N).

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

ĬÕĊ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊÞù¸Ă×
© UCLES 2024 ĬÝ¿úÓĢôíÎõôġÇăĞġġĂ
ĥåąÕõµåµÅõĥÅÅĕąµµÕ
0625/41/O/N/24
 * 0000800000019 *
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

19
,









 ,

(c) Carbon-14 decays by beta (β) emission.

(i) State the name of a particle that is identical to a beta-particle.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe the change that takes place in carbon-14 as a beta-particle is emitted.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

(d) The half-life of carbon-14 is 5700 years.

A very old object is made of wood. It contains 1.2 × 1011 atoms of carbon-14. When it was
manufactured, it contained 9.6 × 1011 atoms of carbon-14.

Determine the time that has passed since it was manufactured.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

time passed = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 10]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

Ĭ×Ċ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊÞû¸Ă×
© UCLES 2024 ĬÝÀùÛĨðýëăýèēûºġđĂ
ĥåõĕµÕÅÕÕąµÅÅõĥõåÕ
0625/41/O/N/24 [Turn over
 * 0000800000020 *

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

20
,










,

9 The Milky Way is the galaxy in which the Solar System is located.

(a) State what a galaxy is.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) The Milky Way has a diameter that is approximately equal to 100 000 light-years.

Determine this distance in kilometres (km).

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

distance = ................................................... km [2]

(c) Astronomers determine the speed and distance from the Earth of a far galaxy that is moving
away from the Earth.

(i) State one observation that allows the speed at which a galaxy is moving away to be
determined.

...........................................................................................................................................

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State one different observation that is used to determine the distance to a far galaxy.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) State how the speeds of galaxies and their distances from the Earth are related.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

(iv) The best estimate for the Hubble constant H0 is 2.2 × 10–18 per second.

Use this value to calculate an estimate for the age of the Universe.

age of the Universe = ...................................................... s [2]

[Total: 8]
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.
ĬÕĊ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊàù¸Ą×
© UCLES 2024 ĬÝÀüÛĞþČÐýĆß±×ĜñĩĂ
ĥĕåĕõÕÅõµåÅÅąõÅõµÕ
0625/41/O/N/24
Cambridge IGCSE™

PHYSICS 0625/41
Paper 4 Extended Theory October/November 2024
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 80

Published

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.

Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2024 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A and AS Level components, and some Cambridge O Level
components.

This document consists of 16 printed pages.

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 [Turn over

0625/41 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 2024
PUBLISHED
Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the
specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptions for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these
marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond
the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the
question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level
descriptors.

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 2 of 16

0625/41 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 2024
PUBLISHED
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may
be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or
grade descriptors in mind.

Science-Specific Marking Principles

1 Examiners should consider the context and scientific use of any keywords when awarding marks. Although keywords may be present, marks
should not be awarded if the keywords are used incorrectly.

2 The examiner should not choose between contradictory statements given in the same question part, and credit should not be awarded for
any correct statement that is contradicted within the same question part. Wrong science that is irrelevant to the question should be ignored.

3 Although spellings do not have to be correct, spellings of syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation from other
syllabus terms with which they may be confused (e.g. ethane / ethene, glucagon / glycogen, refraction / reflection).

4 The error carried forward (ecf) principle should be applied, where appropriate. If an incorrect answer is subsequently used in a scientifically
correct way, the candidate should be awarded these subsequent marking points. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme
where necessary and any exceptions to this general principle will be noted.

5 ‘List rule’ guidance

For questions that require n responses (e.g. State two reasons …):

• The response should be read as continuous prose, even when numbered answer spaces are provided.
• Any response marked ignore in the mark scheme should not count towards n.
• Incorrect responses should not be awarded credit but will still count towards n.
• Read the entire response to check for any responses that contradict those that would otherwise be credited. Credit should not be
awarded for any responses that are contradicted within the rest of the response. Where two responses contradict one another, this
should be treated as a single incorrect response.
• Non-contradictory responses after the first n responses may be ignored even if they include incorrect science.

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 3 of 16

0625/41 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 2024
PUBLISHED
6 Calculation specific guidance

Correct answers to calculations should be given full credit even if there is no working or incorrect working, unless the question states ‘show
your working’.

For questions in which the number of significant figures required is not stated, credit should be awarded for correct answers when rounded
by the examiner to the number of significant figures given in the mark scheme. This may not apply to measured values.

For answers given in standard form (e.g. a  10n) in which the convention of restricting the value of the coefficient (a) to a value between 1
and 10 is not followed, credit may still be awarded if the answer can be converted to the answer given in the mark scheme.

Unless a separate mark is given for a unit, a missing or incorrect unit will normally mean that the final calculation mark is not awarded.
Exceptions to this general principle will be noted in the mark scheme.

7 Guidance for chemical equations

Multiples / fractions of coefficients used in chemical equations are acceptable unless stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

State symbols given in an equation should be ignored unless asked for in the question or stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 4 of 16

0625/41 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 2024
PUBLISHED
Specific Instructions for Marking 0625/Paper 4

Preparation for Marking

Instructions and handbooks, for markers using RM Assessor 3 can be found at RM support portal.

Marking

M1. Blank pages, additional objects and marking outside the question zone.

Blank pages attached to the first part of Q1 should be annotated with SEEN on all scripts. Link any work on these pages as appropriate.
Annotate any blank Additional Objects with SEEN.
Link any other additional objects to the question or questions applicable.
Examiners must ensure that they view the whole exam paper for each candidate. This will sometimes mean scrolling through a large zone to
ensure that no working relevant to either the current or any other question is missed.
Where a candidate’s answer extends beyond the marking zone, examiners must view the whole page (or link to other pages) to annotate and mark
the whole answer. To view the whole page, deselect any annotation tool from the mouse, then click in the bottom right-hand corner of the marking
zone where ‘view whole page’ appears. For instructions to link to other pages see above.

M2. Use of Annotation tools.

Examiners annotate scripts to explain their reasons for awarding or not awarding marks, noting:
• for all questions with two or more marks, it is mandatory to annotate with ticks placed to indicate where each mark is awarded. In a
calculation where the final answer (A) mark is awarded all the ticks should be placed near to the final answer.
• annotations and comments must never suggest or imply that a mark has been deducted e.g. –1
• for questions with only one mark maximum, examiners’ ticks to show the mark is awarded are not mandatory
• SF, SC and ECF annotations must be used as appropriate (see table of annotation tools)
• Examiners are expected to use annotations where they have considered an answer and made a marginal judgement.
annotation tool use of annotation tool on scripts

tick mark awarded (a tally is shown next to the annotation tool so you can check the mark you enter agrees with number of ticks
placed)

cross incorrect / not creditworthy

SEEN this page/item has been considered by the examiner (see M1)

BOD benefit of doubt given

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 5 of 16

0625/41 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 2024
PUBLISHED
annotation tool use of annotation tool on scripts

NBOD no benefit of doubt given

text box allows a comment written by the examiner to be included on the script

ECF error carried forward (ecf) has been applied

^ omission mark

Highlighter and used to highlight a particular point

zig-zag lines

CON contradiction (to a correct point in the answer)

NAQ The answer provided is not an answer to the question asked. (Note: Do not use this annotation where no response has been
made and the mark NR awarded.)

SF error in the number of significant figures of a final answer

TV too vague

I ignore

SC special case

M3. Acronyms and shorthand in the mark scheme.

acronym/shorthand explanation

A mark Final answer mark which is awarded for fully correct final answers including the unit.

C mark Compensatory mark which may be scored when the final answer (A) mark for a question has not been awarded.

B mark Independent mark which does not depend on any other mark.

M mark Method mark which must be scored before any subsequent final answer (A) mark can be scored.

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 6 of 16

0625/41 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 2024
PUBLISHED
acronym/shorthand explanation

Brackets ( ) Words not explicitly needed in an answer, however if a contradictory word / phrase / unit to that in the brackets is seen
the mark is not awarded.

Underlining The underlined word (or a synonym) must be present for the mark to be scored. If the word is a technical scientific term,
the word must be there.

/ or OR Alternative answers any one of which gains the credit for that mark.

owtte Or words to that effect.

ORA Or reverse argument

ignore Indicates either an incorrect or irrelevant point which may be disregarded, i.e., not treated as contradictory.

insufficient an answer not worthy of credit on its own.

CON An incorrect point which contradicts any correct point and means the mark cannot be scored.

ecf [question part] Indicates that a candidate using an erroneous value from the stated question part must be given credit here if the
erroneous value is used correctly here.

cao correct answer only

M4. Miscellaneous

Equations and formulae. Where a C, B or M mark is available for quoting a formula or equation this can be done in any form and in words,
symbols or numbers unless the mark scheme specifies otherwise.

Use of ecf. The mark scheme notes where ecf is applicable, in the guidance section of the final answer mark. However, it should be applied for all
relevant C marks as well. Always annotate ecf if applied. See Science specific Marking point 4 above.
Units.
• A numerically correct final answer without a unit is awarded the final answer (A) mark if the unit is shown correctly in the candidate’s working.
• A numerically correct answer with a missing or incorrect unit is not awarded the final answer (A) mark. C (B or M) marks are awarded from the
candidate’s working.

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 7 of 16

0625/41 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 2024
PUBLISHED
• Accept units with incorrect use of upper-case and lower-case symbols, e.g. pA for Pa.
• Unless the mark scheme for a specific question part states otherwise, the only permitted derived units are:

unit permitted derived units

W J / s or Nm / s

Pa N / m2

momentum Ns or kg m / s

impulse Ns or kg m / s

J Nm

• Note: J is not permitted as the unit for moments.

Significant Figures.
• Unless otherwise indicated in the mark scheme, final answers expressed to two or more significant figures receive the final answer (A) mark if
the candidate’s answer rounds to the mark scheme answer.
• A final answer expressed to one significant figure is only awarded the final answer (A) mark where the final answer is exact to one sig. fig.
(This applies to all answers, including answers using ecf.)
• A correct numerical answer, quoted with fewer significant figures than required by the mark scheme (even if in the working it has the required
number of significant figures), is not awarded the final answer (A) marks. C (B or M) marks are awarded as appropriate.

Fractions. An answer expressed as a fraction is not a numerically correct final answer unless the fraction is explicitly stated in the mark scheme.
Crossed out work. When only part of an answer is crossed out the crossed-out work must be ignored. However, work which has been wholly
crossed out and not replaced and can easily be read, should be marked as if it had not been crossed out. Look to see if it has been replaced on a
blank page or another part of the same page before attempting to mark the crossed-out work.

Marking diagrams on-screen. Differences in magnification and/or individual computer screen settings can alter the appearance of diagrams. If it is
necessary to check line lengths or angles use the ruler and protractor tools provided within RM Assessor 3 to ensure consistency across all
examiners.
NR. (# or / key on the keyboard). Use this (instead of giving 0 marks) if the answer space for a question is completely blank or contains no readable
words, figures or symbols.

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 8 of 16

0625/41 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 2024
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

1(a)(i) 43 cm AND 63 cm B1

1(a)(ii) 20 cm B1

1(b) 0.28 N / cm A2

k = F / x OR (k =) F / x OR 5.6 / 20 C1

1(c)(i) 4.9 N B1

1(c)(ii) 3.2(0) m / s2 A3

F = ma OR (a =) F / m OR (6.5 – 4.9) / 0.50 C1

(resultant force =) 6.5 – 4.9 OR 1.6 C1

Question Answer Marks

2(a)(i) 1.8  105 kg m / s OR 1.8  105 N s A2

p = mv OR (p =) mv OR 1400  130 C1

2(a)(ii) (scaled) area under the (graph) line B1

2(a)(iii) 420 m A2

½vmaxt OR ½  130  6.5 OR ½bh C1

2(b)(i) gradient is negative OR speed decreases B1

2(b)(ii) gradient is changing OR line / graph / it is a curve / curved B1

2(c) (from) kinetic (energy store) B1

to internal / thermal (energy store as final store) B1

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 9 of 16

0625/41 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 2024
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

3(a) force  perpendicular distance (from pivot) A2

Any one from: C1

• force  distance from pivot
• reference to perpendicular distance (from pivot)
• reference to perpendicular force

(it measures the) turning effect (of a force) B1

3(b)(i) point where (all) the weight (of an object) seems to act B1

3(b)(ii) 2.2  107 N m A2

1.7 (m) OR 3.4 / 2 seen C1

3(c) resultant force = 0 OR (all) forces cancel out owtte B1

resultant moment = 0 OR moments balance owtte B1

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 10 of 16

0625/41 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 2024
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

4(a) 1 Any one method to transfer measurable amount of thermal energy for ∆: B1
(a) to aluminium block (with electrical heater)
(b) from aluminium block to known liquid
(c) from known liquid to insulated aluminium (calorimeter)
(d) to known liquid and aluminium (calorimeter)

2 Determination of energy transferred for ∆, to match workable method in 1: B1

(a) Use of E = Pt OR E= IVt
(b) Use of E = mc with s.h.c. of known liquid
(c) Use of E = mc with s.h.c. of known liquid
(d) Use of E = Pt OR E = IVt AND E = mc (with known s.h.c. of liquid)

3 Any one measurement from: B1

• initial and final temperature / temperature change
• time (of heating)
• mass of aluminium

4 c = E / m OR (c =) E / m B1

4(b)(i) Any three from: B3

1 (net) transfer of energy from higher temperature to lower temperature OR (net) transfer of energy from water / to dish

2 (energy transfer) by conduction OR aluminium is a good conductor (of thermal energy)

3 temperature of water decreases AND temperature of dish increases

4 no (net) transfer of energy when temperature of dish = temperature of water

4(b)(ii) (particles) gain energy in kinetic store (as temperature of aluminium increases) B1

(average) separation of (aluminium) particles increases OR (aluminium) particles move further apart owtte B1

4(b)(iii) (water) molecules with more/enough energy escape from the surface A2

escape of more energetic molecules (from water) OR (molecules) leave from the surface C1

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 11 of 16

0625/41 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 2024
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

5(a) 0.20 m B1

5(b) any value in range from 330 m / s ⩽ value ⩽ 350 m / s B1

5(c)(i) (b)  (a) evaluated AND Hz A2

f = v /  OR (f = ) v /  OR (b)  (a) C1

5(c)(ii) audible/yes/it is OR inaudible / no / it isn’t consistent with value in 5(c)(i) B1

AND

consistent explanation with reference to 20 (Hz) ⩽ normal range of human hearing ⩽ 20 000 (Hz)

5(d) 1 (explanation mentions) diffraction M1

2 Only a little diffraction owtte A1

3 (because) gap width large (compared to wavelength) owtte A1

4 Little / no sound heard at J AND (some) sound heard at K A1

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 12 of 16

0625/41 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 2024
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

6(a) work done by a unit charge passing through a component A2

(electrical) work done AND moving charge C1

6(b) (p.d. =) E – reading on voltmeter OR subtract reading on voltmeter from E B1

6(c)(i) (intensity of light on LDR) increased B1

AND
(temperature of thermistor) decreased

6(c)(ii) reading on voltmeter / it decreases B1

Any two from: B2

1 e.m.f. is constant

2 RLDR / Rthermistor decreases OR RLDR is a smaller proportion of the total resistance

3 VLDR / Vthermistor decreases OR VLDR is a smaller proportion of e.m.f.

R1 V1
4 =
R2 V2

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 13 of 16

0625/41 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 2024
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

7(a) (soft) iron B1

7(b)(i) (at least) one complete field line between the poles of the bar (either above or below the bar) B1

no crossing AND attempt at correct shape AND at least six lines from / to poles B1

at least one arrowhead towards S pole B1

7(b)(ii) current (in the coil) decreases B1

(current decreases so magnetic field) strength decreases B1

(field strength decreases so) fewer field lines (in same area) OR (field strength decreases so) field lines further apart B1

7(c) Any two from: B2

1 (changing resistance causes) changing current (through solenoid)

2 (changing current causes) changing magnetic field (around solenoid)

3 (square) coil cuts (changing) magnetic field OR coil in changing magnetic field

e.m.f. induced (between terminals) B1

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 14 of 16

0625/41 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 2024
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

8(a) 6 electrons AND 6 protons (i.e. 6  AND 6 ) B1

8 neutrons (i.e. 8 ) B1

protons and neutrons in nucleus AND electrons orbiting nucleus B1

8(b) (carbon) has one more neutron OR nitrogen has one fewer neutron B1

(carbon) has one fewer proton / electron OR nitrogen has one more proton / electron B1

8(c)(i) electron B1

8(c)(ii) a neutron changes into a proton (and electron) B1

8(d) 17 000 years A3

1.2  1011 / 9.6  1011 OR 1 / 8 OR one halving seen e.g. 9.6  1011  2 C1

3 (half-lives) OR 1 / 8  9.6  1011 = 1.2  1011 C1

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 15 of 16

0625/41 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 2024
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

9(a) group / collection of (billions of) stars B1

9(b) 9.5  1017 (km) A2

(1 light-year =) 9.5  1015 (m) OR (1 light-year =) 3  108  365  24  3600 C1

9(c)(i) increase in wavelength (of light from far galaxy) OR (amount of) redshift B1

9(c)(ii) brightness of a supernova B1

9(c)(iii) (their) speeds are (directly) proportional to distances (from Earth) OR H0= v / d B1

9(c)(iv) 4.5  1017 (s) A2

(age of Universe =) 1 / H0 OR 1 / (2.2  10–18) C1

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2024 Page 16 of 16