17일(금) 모의테스트 (1)

hand designed to look like it has veins, muscles,

1. 10-8. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 and fingerprints to describe this valley: “This
kind of artificial hand is too real, and when we
쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?1)
notice it is artificial, there is a sense of (B)
Do bacteria speak? Do they use sound to
communicate with one another just as they use ordinariness / strangeness .” This is a “negative
chemicals to send information from one cell to familiarity.”Mori’s thesis is that as robots are
another? Given that communication among cells designed to look and move like human beings,
is one of the fundamental activities of bacteria, the closer the resemblance, the higher the peaks
sound would at first seem a ① likely means of and valleys of the uncanny (that is, the greater
communication. Bacteria are ② social beings. the resemblance to humanity, the greater the
They live in films and clusters that are so tightly risk of a deep revulsion toward the machine on
woven that they are often invulnerable to the part of the human). Thus, he urges designs
chemical and physical attacks that easily kill that offer a sense of familiarity but that
solitary cells. Bacterial success depends on nonetheless (C) preserve / prevent a
networked teamwork and, at the genetic and perceptible difference from the human.
biochemical levels, bacteria are constantly ③ ✽uncanny: 불쾌한 ✽✽revulsion: 혐오감
exchanging molecules. But to date, there are no (A) (B) (C)
documented examples of sonic signaling among ① decreases ordinariness preserve
② decreases strangeness prevent
bacteria, although their increased growth rates
③ increases ordinariness prevent
when exposed to the sounds of their own kind ④ increases strangeness preserve
may be a form of eavesdropping. Sonic ⑤ increases ordinariness preserve
communication may be ④ suited to bacterial
societies. They live at a scale so ⑤ tiny that
molecules can zip from one cell to another in a 3. T3-14. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것
fraction of a second. Bacteria use tens of
을 고르시오.3)
thousands of molecules within their cells, an
One of the earliest experiments investigating
extensive, complex, and ready-made language. For
the distortions caused by ________ was a simple
them, chemical communication may be cheaper,
study in which subjects were asked to estimate
faster, and more nuanced than sound waves.
the lengths of a set of eight line segments. The
* eavesdropping: 엿듣기 ** zip: 빠르게 이동하다
longest of those lines was 5 percent longer than
*** nuanced: 미묘한 차이가 있는
the next in the bunch, which, in turn, was 5
percent longer than the third longest, and so on.
The researchers asked half their subjects to
2. 9-4. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 estimate the lengths of each of the lines, in
낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?2) centimeters. But before asking the other subjects
In the 1970 article “The Uncanny Valley,” to do the same, they artificially grouped the
Masahiro Mori made the case that “human lines into two sets — the longer four lines were
beings themselves lie at the final goal of labeled “Group A,” the shorter four labeled
robotics.” Mori argues that up to a point, as “Group B.” The experimenters found that once
robots appear more humanlike in movement and the lines were thought of as belonging to a
physical form, human responsiveness to and group, the subjects perceived them differently.
empathy for the machine (A) decreases / They judged the lines within each group as
increases . However, at a certain point, the being closer in length to one another than they
positive responsiveness turns to revulsion (the really were, and the length difference between
valley). Mori uses the example of the artificial the two groups as being greater than it actually

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 17일(금) 모의테스트 (2)

was. to _________________________________. It could possibly

* segment: 토막 be tempting to think that fewer flies would
① loyalty make life more comfortable for humans, and the
② repetition numbers of tigers and polar bears might even
③ conformity feel irrelevant to our everyday lives. Perhaps the
④ familiarity
ecosystem could survive being trimmed down a
⑤ categorization
good bit further, and still supply all humankind’s
needs. What a desperately sad way of looking at
the world. But if we were to adopt it, the
4. 11-2. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것
easiest thing to do might be just to take the
은?4) risk, right? However, careful assessment of the
In scene writing, seeing a reversal in terms of
evidence makes it very clear that those risks
an abrupt shift enables you to mine your
would be enormous. At the very least we can
material for the best surprises by _________. The
expect falls in yields of crops, animal and fish as
implicit question, “Opposite of what?” allows you
well as loss of resilience against disease. And
to find surprises that emanate from the
what if we suddenly realised we’d gone a step
expectations and setups in a scene. This will
too far? There is no going back from extinction.
have a profound impact on the unity and
✽resilience: 회복 탄력성
coherence of your entire script. If a character
① predict all humankind’s needs in this century
enters a scene fighting for an apology and ② deny the importance of hunting as a means
instead ends up giving one, then that is a of living
pleasant surprise. However, if a character wants ③ suspect Earth’s ability to self-recover from
an apology and ends up being kidnapped by ecological damage
aliens, the audience will be confused instead of ④ prove the absolute necessity of all today’s
biodiversity
satisfied. Surprise happens when an action is a
⑤ empathize with animals forced to move to
reaction or an organic offshoot from what we extreme climates
expect. Create a setup and twist the expectation.
Confusion comes when a jarring action comes
out of left field, disconnected from what came
6. T3-34. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것
before.
을 고르시오.6)
✽emanate: (생각 등이) 나오다, 퍼지다 ✽✽
Would you believe that we exercise more
jarring: 조화되지 않는
self-control in a well-lit room than in a room
① abandoning similar setups in a play
with dim lighting? An interesting study led by
② using what has come before as a resource
③ actively introducing multi-dimensional Professor Anna Steidle from the University of
characters Applied Sciences Ludwigsburg, Germany, showed
④ immediately hiding the expectation of the just that. Based on a series of experiments, the
audience researchers found that light and brightness
⑤ criticizing conventional principles of creating influenced the participants’ self-awareness and
a twist
self-control. In one of Steidle’s team’s
experiments, participants were exposed to
various intensities of brightness and were asked
5. T1-32. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것 to complete a questionnaire that measured public
을 고르시오.5) self-awareness (e.g., “right now I am concerned
If you were to take life from a purely about what other people think of me”), private
functional and human-centric point of view self-awareness (e.g., “right now I am conscious of
(which I don’t), it would not be straightforward my inner feelings”), and awareness of the

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 17일(금) 모의테스트 (3)

immediate surroundings (e.g., “right now I am 맞다

keenly aware of everything in my environment”).
Participants who sat in a well-lit room reported
a higher rate of public self-awareness than those 8. 14-2. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장
who sat in a dimly lit room, whereas no
적절한 것은?8)
difference was found in their awareness of their
Many experts claim that large pharmaceutical
inner feelings or the environment. Thus, it seems
companies have in recent times become far more
that bright light ________________________________.
focused on making money than on creating
① increases awareness of the intensity of our
needed new drugs. For example, these drug
inner tension
companies concentrate on research that will yield
② makes us more concerned about the
impression we make on others drugs for long-term illnesses or conditions.
③ weakens our negative thoughts and
emotional stress we get from others (A) Of course, eventually the disease-causing
④ enhances our senses, leading to faster bacteria will become resistant to the new
reactions to unexpected events antibiotic. All of the drug company’s research
⑤ encourages us to express our inner feelings
will have been wasted. They will have to
more to others
start again making another antibiotic. This
process is not profitable. For this reason,
very little research is being done to develop
7. T3-18. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장
new antibiotics to kill bacteria that have
은?7)
become resistant to existing drugs.
People often confuse two different standards
(B) But it is far more important to create new
for thinking, which we might call the “good
antibiotics to combat deadly infections than
thinker” (active open-mindedness) and the
it is to produce “vanity” drugs that grow
“expert.” Because experts know the answer to
hair. The problem is that there is not much
most questions, they usually do not have to
profit in making antibiotics. A new antibiotic
consider alternatives or counterevidence. ① If we
must be formulated and then tested for
admire experts, we may come to admire people
safety. Only then can it be sold to the
who are “decisive” in the sense of being rigid.
public.
② When a news commentator criticizes a
(C) It is extremely profitable to make drugs to
political candidate for waffling and being unsure
treat an illness people will have forever or
(as might befit a good thinker faced with many
to create a drug that will “cure” a condition,
of the issues that politicians must face), the
such as baldness, that will always be with
implication is that the candidate is not expert
us. It is certainly important to create drugs
enough to have figured out the right answer. ③
to treat long-term illnesses, such as diabetes.
A sizable number of people display a
✽pharmaceutical: 제약의, 약의
fundamental mistrust of intellectuals and experts,
✽✽vanity drug: 허영 만족을 위한 약
a trait known as anti-intellectualism. ④ Similarly,
✽✽✽diabetes: 당뇨
a person who adopts a know-it-all tone —
① (A)－(C)－(B)
speaking without qualification or doubt — is
② (B)－(A)－(C)
giving a sign of expertise. ⑤ Some parents ③ (B)－(C)－(A)
(perhaps because they are experts about the ④ (C)－(A)－(B)
matter under discussion) talk this way to their ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)
children, who come to think of it as a
“grown-up” way to talk.
* waffle: 모호한 태도를 보이다 ** befit: ~에 걸 9. T2-20. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가

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 17일(금) 모의테스트 (4)

장 적절한 것은? 9) of an error at the time when the DNA is copied.

I confess that one of the most suggestive ( ① ) Consequently, as multicellular animals
theories that I learned of in my course on the increased in complexity and size and the lifespan
economics of science at the London School of got longer and longer, the risk of cancer was
Economics and Political Science was that of the expected to grow in direct proportion; the larger
‘tournament model’. and longer-lived the animal, the higher the
number of mitosis occurring in its body, and
(A) Why? Because everyone knows the winners therefore the higher the chance of DNA damage
of the Tour de France, but nobody to occur. ( ② ) However, this turned out not to
remembers the runners-up. In science, it be the case as large dimensions and longer life
means if anyone comes to a result or a do not necessarily mean increased risk of cancer:
patent second, if only by a few hours, it is this is the ‘Peto’s paradox’, which gets its name
of no use to him. Only the first has any from a study published in 1995 by Richard Peto
glory. and his colleagues. ( ③ ) In this experiment, a
(B) They argued that a worker’s performance large group of mice of different ages were
(both evaluated and the incentive) can be exposed to topical application of a carcinogen. (
modelled as a tennis tournament. There is ④ ) That is, it was the time of exposure to the
only one prize: either you win and have carcinogen agent that dictated the risk of
everything or you lose and have nothing; developing cancer and not the age of the
glory is only for the first. And most US/UK exposed mouse — and neither the span of
experts who analyse the behaviour of survival after the exposure. ( ⑤ ) This study
science consider that this model fits the demonstrated that, against the then current
profession of a scientist like a glove. wisdom, increased lifespan in itself can be
(C) It may be well known to many readers, but irrelevant as far as increase in cancer risk is
I was surprised that something that I concerned.
thought was highly intuitive, such as human * epithelial tumour: 상피 종양 ** mitosis: 체세포
resource management, could be described in 분열 *** carcinogen: 발암 물질
terms of an elaborate theory. The
tournament theory was described in 1981 by
economists Edward Lazear and Sherwin 11. T5-39. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어
Rosen. 가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.11)
* patent: 특허 ** intuitive: 직관적인 The waves will arrive slightly later to the ear
① (A) – (C) – (B) away from the source, having travelled a slightly
② (B) – (A) – (C) longer path around your head.
③ (B) – (C) – (A)
④ (C) – (A) – (B)
You can use one of two possible methods to
⑤ (C) – (B) – (A)
locate sounds, depending on whether or not they
have large enough wavelengths to diffract easily
10. 12-2. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어 around your head. ( ① ) High-pitched sounds,
with wavelengths considerably shorter than the
가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?10)
The rate of appearance by epithelial tumours width of your head, will not easily diffract
was related to the duration of exposure to the around it to reach the ear facing away. ( ② )
chemical but not to the mouse’s age. To locate the direction of these squeakier
sounds, your brain compares the sound intensity
Every time that a cell multiplies, there is risk reaching each ear to judge the direction by how
much louder it is in one than the other. ( ③ )

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 17일(금) 모의테스트 (5)

But low-pitched, long-wavelength sounds easily (A) (B)

reach both ears since the size of your head is ① personal achievable
small by comparison and the waves diffract ② social predictable
③ intellectual recognizable
around it without creating any acoustic shadow.
④ social transferable
( ④ ) For these deeper sounds your brain
⑤ personal neglectable
compares the minute difference in the time the
sound takes to reach each ear. ( ⑤ ) And when
I say slightly, that’s not English understatement; 5-[11~12]. 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.13)
I mean no more than 0.6 milliseconds. Rigid school schedules and old-fashioned
✽diffract: 회절[분산]하다 ✽✽squeaky: (소리가) policies should not dictate the types of learning
날카로운 ✽✽✽acoustic: 음향의 experiences students can and should have
available to them today. Staying the course
without adapting to bumps in the road will
12. 17-2. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고 inherently result in failure. Flexibility (a) avoids
자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절 common pitfalls that disturb all types of change
한 것은?12) initiatives where control dominates the school
Social mobility is upward or downward culture. Policies and normal procedures should
movement in social position over time in a act only to guide school function, not create a
society. That movement can be specific to sterilized atmosphere where learning is anything
individuals who change social positions or to but fun, relevant, or meaningful. It is more than
categories of people, such as racial or ethnic OK to take a detour now and then to ensure
groups. Social mobility between generations is that change is (b) implemented strategically and
referred to as intergenerational mobility. The with purpose. This will become a reality only if
self-made myth suggests that social position in flexibility is an embedded component of the
the United States is largely up to the individual, school culture.
implying that mobility is quite common and easy Flexibility also should be applied to classroom
to achieve for those who apply themselves. instruction. All too often learning becomes a
However, what people believe and what is fact one-size-fits-all approach where students are
are often not the same. A recent experimental tasked with demonstrating what they know the
study found that Americans substantially and same way. This is extremely (c) rare in
consistently overestimate the amount of income project-based learning activities where students
mobility and educational access in society. The have to create a presentation that will eventually
higher one’s social class, the more likely they are be assessed. In many cases the standard has
to overestimate social mobility. In other words, become directing all students to develop
wealthy Americans tend to subscribe to the PowerPoint presentations, which ultimately
belief that pulling oneself out of poverty is results in role (d) reversal where students are
easier than it actually is and that one’s wealth is imparting direct instruction upon their peers.
a result of hard work and initiative, rather than Uncommon learning materializes when students
luck or birth. are given flexibility as to how they can
↓ demonstrate what they know and have learned.
Americans tend to have the unproven belief that In this case teachers give students a (e) choice
social position largely depends upon _____(A)_____ as to the tools and resulting products they want
effort, and those with greater wealth and higher to use and create that are aligned to the same
social status are more likely to consider upward standards and learning outcomes associated with
social mobility readily _____(B)_____. PowerPoint presentations. The difference is a
much more authentic, rich product that does a

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 17일(금) 모의테스트 (6)

better job of quantifying meaningful learning and straight at her two daughters. “People looked at
skill acquisition. us quite often during the service,” she stated
* pitfall: 문제 ** sterilized: 새로운 것을 창조해 simply. “Was it any worse for them to look at
낼 수 없는, 불모의 *** detour: 우회 you girls then than it is for them to look at me
now?” The girls looked at each other in dawning
understanding. “Did we look like that?” Mary
13. 5-11. 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? asked. Mother nodded. “I see what you mean,”
Betsy stammered.
① Collaborative Learning Doesn’t Always Work
② Active Learning: Creating Excitement in the * stammer: 더듬거리며 말하다
Classroom (C)
③ How to Build a Student-Centered Learning The girls were glad and relieved when the
Environment service was finally over. They started to jump
④ Flexibility Prevents Unequal Competition up, but Mother put a firm hand on each girl’s
Among Students
arm. Everybody else was leaving the church, but
⑤ Add Flexibility to Learning to Improve
Mother didn’t move. “Wait a few minutes, girls,”
Educational Outcomes
she said quietly. Mary and Betsy looked at each
other in wonder. Most of the people had left,
14. 5-12. 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰
but some still stood in the back of the church
임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
talking to the minister. Then Mother did a most
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)
unusual thing. (c) She slid down in the church
chair until her head was below the back of the
9-[12~14]. 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.14) seat. The girls stared. Mother looked so funny!
(A) Then Mother wiggled about on her spine and
It was a very hot Sunday morning. The church stuck her feet way under the bench in front of
was so crowded that morning that Mary and her. Her pretty blue hat was pushed crooked. *
Betsy could hardly see over the heads of the crooked: 비뚤어진
people in front of them. During the service, they (D)
became impatient and bored and started to Then Betsy stopped. Mary opened her small
wiggle. Betsy slid way down on her spine and pocketbook to take out her handkerchief. Then
rested that way for a while. Mary watched her, (d) she took all the rest of the things out of her
and then (a) she tried sitting that way too. purse and lined them up on the seat beside her.
When Mother frowned and shook her head, the When Mother noticed and frowned again, Mary
girls sat up straight. Betsy tap-tap-tapped on the hurried to put everything back in her
back of the seat in front of her until the woman pocketbook, but she dropped two pennies and a
sitting there turned around and looked at her. * pink comb. By the time (e) she picked them up
wiggle: 꼼지락거리다 her face was red with embarrassment — several
(B) people had turned to look disapprovingly at her.
“Mother, don’t!” Mary whispered. (b) She Next Betsy slumped down in her seat again and
looked around to see if anyone was noticing her put her feet up on the hymnbook rack. She blew
mother’s odd actions. Then, Mother opened her noisily at the unruly hair that hung down over
purse and started to take things out of it and her nose. Oh, it was a hot and tiresome
line them up on the seat beside her. Now both morning! * hymnbook: 찬송가집
the little girls’ faces were red with shame.
“Please fix your hat, Mother,” Betsy begged. “All 15. 9-12. 주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에
the people are looking at us.” Mother looked 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

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 17일(금) 모의테스트 (7)

① (B)-(D)-(C) ② (C)-(B)-(D)
③ (C)-(D)-(B) ④ (D)-(B)-(C)
⑤ (D)-(C)-(B)

16. 9-13. 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이

나머지 넷과 다른 것은?
① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)

17. 9-14. 윗글에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것

은?
① Mary와 Betsy가 교회에 간 날 교회 안에는
사람이 매우 많았다.
② Mary와 Betsy는 어머니 때문에 창피해서 얼
굴을 붉혔다.
③ Mary와 Betsy는 어머니가 이례적으로 행동한
이유를 깨달았다.
④ 예배가 끝난 즉시 어머니는 Mary와 Betsy를
밖으로 데리고 나갔다.
⑤ Betsy는 자신의 코 위에 늘어져 있는 머리카
락에 시끄럽게 입김을 불었다.