화학

I III
01. 11 01. 73
02. 82
03. 88

II 104
01. 23
02. 30
03. 44
04. 56

63

68
IV
01.
02.
113
122 VI
03. 134

DNA
01. 195

DNA 02. 202

DNA

DNA
LMO

143

V
214

218
01. 151
02. 158
03. 174

5 3 6

188
I
 X

1. 2.

학습 후 : 학습 후 :

01
I

010 I.
01

DNA
21

-1

01. 011
 생명 과학의 발달 과정

4
Aristoteles B C 384 ∼
B C 322

500

1628 Harvey W 1578∼1657

2 Galenos C 129∼199

1590 Janssen Z 1580∼ 1673 Leeuwenhoek A

1638 van 1632∼1723
Lippershey H 1570∼1619

16 Vesalius
1665 Hooke R 1635∼1703
A 1514∼1564

cell

012 I.
 1865 Mendel G J 1822∼1884

1868 Pasteur L 1822∼1895

1753 Linné C von 1707

∼1778

1779 Ingenhousz 1796 Jenner E

J 1730 1799 1749∼1823

1877 Koch R 1843∼1910

1859 Darwin C R 1809∼1882

01. 013
 1926 Morgan T H 1866 1945 1931 TEM

SEM

1948 Calvin M
1939 Hill R 1911 ∼1997 Benson
1899∼1991 A A 1917∼2015

1944 Avery O T 1877 ∼

1955 DNA
1928 Fleming S A 1881∼1955

DNA

1953 Watson J D 1928∼ Crick F

H C 1916∼2004 DNA

014 I.
 2003
DNA
32 2

DNA

1973 Cohen S N 1935∼ Boyer H

1936∼ DNA DNA

1985 DNA
PCR

1975 2005 DNA

1997 Wilmut I 1944∼

2012
DNA
DNA

01. 015
 2

1. 12 ∼15

2.

1.
1. 탄저병의 원인을 발
견하.까지의 1구 과
정
2.
3.

4.

016 I.
 DNA
X

-2 DNA

PCR PCR
polymerase chain reaction
DNA DNA DNA

-3

01. 017
 21

018 I.
1. 4 5

2.

3.

4.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.

5.

6.

01. 019
II
 1. 2.

학습 후 : 학습 후 :

01
02
03
04

022 II.
01

1
LM

100 µm 30 µm

LM

-1

-2

01. 023
 -3

-3

024 II.
 -5

-4

-5

01. 025
 2
30
(10 %)

(2 %)

(85 %) (1 %)

(0.5 %)

(1.5 %)

-6

200 µm

-7

20

1
-9

R -8
1

R1 H R2 R1 H R2

R H2N C C OH + H N C COOH H2N C C N C COOH

H O
N C C H O H H O H
H OH H 2O
H

026 II.
 2
1

-9

-11
2
2
4

0.5 µm
TEM
C C C
O C N H O C N H O C N H

2
N H O C N H O C N H O C
O C C C C C H C R
N H O C N H O C N H
O C N H O C N H
C C

LM
2

12.5 µm
3
2

0.5 µm
TEM
34
2

01.
-10

027
 - 12

1 4
3

-12

H
O H

028 II.
 111

- 13 DNA RNA DNA

DNA
DNA
RNA DNA

IV
DNA RNA

-13

DNA RNA DNA

RNA DNA
A G C T RNA
A G C U

1.

2.

3.

4.

01. 029
02

120 µm

LM LM
Light Microscope

-14

1 =10 m
1 µm =10 m 1 nm 10 nm 100 nm 1 µm 10 µm 100 µm 1 mm 1 cm 10 cm 1m
1 nm =10 m

030 II.
 20 µm 20 µm 10 µm

-15

1930

SEM SEM
Scanning Electron
Microscope
TEM
TEM
Transmission Electron
Microscope

-16

30 µm 30 µm 30 µm

LM SEM TEM

02. 031
 - 17

1000 20000 80000 150000

10 20 60 3

-17 1000 g g 1000

^3^5S

032 II.
 1 µm∼10 µm

DNA V
DNA
RNA

10 µm∼100 µm

02. 033
 3

-18

034 II.
02. 035
 1
DNA
2 - 19

DNA
rRNA ribosomal RNA 1 rRNA
rRNA
DNA

DNA
DNA

DNA

1 µm 0.5 µm

TEM SEM

-19 DNA

M C M M C

M
M C

C C M

036 II.
 rRNA

DNA - 20

TEM 0.2 µm

-20 2

- 21

Ca

-21

TEM 0.65 µm

02. 037
 TEM 0.1 µm

-22

DNA

038 II.
 2

DNA

2
ATP DNA

DNA

III
V
ATP

-23 Q

1.5 µm ATP 0.7 µm

TEM TEM

02. 039
 - 25

0.65 µm

-24 TEM

-25

-26 TEM

5 µm

040 II.
 - 27

0.16 mm

SEM

25 nm

8 nm~12 nm

7 nm

-27

자료실

SEM

2 9
2
SEM 0.2 µm

TEM

02. 041
 25 µm 2

LM

80 nm

TEM

-28 3 9

1 1
2
1 µm

2
1 1

TEM

-29

1.

2.

3. DNA

042 II.
400

DNA

DNA

02. 043
03

SEM
2
2

-30 2

27 nm
40 nm

{ }

2
{ }

TEM

044 II.
 O

- 31

-31

03. 045
 2
화학

2
+
-

- 32 2

Na^+
K^+

-32 Q

–
Cl

O2

046 II.
 O

-33

03. 047
 - 34

-34

12
10
0
8
6
4
2

0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3

048 II.
 문제 인식

0.9 %
2%

탐구 과정

1. 5 mm

2. 0.9 % 2% 10

3. 3

4.

5.
1 2 4

평가하기

결과 및 정리

1. 과정 5

3
2.
2%

03. 049
 기술

-35

Na^+-K^+ - 36 ATP

Na^+ 15 mM 150 mM Na^+ K^+

K^+ 140 mM 5 mM Na^+ K^+

-36 Na^+-K^+ Q Na^+-K^+

(K+ ) K
+
Na+ Na+‒ K+

P P
Na+ ATP
+ + Pi
Na ADP (K )
Na ^+- K ^+ ATP Na^+-K^+ Na^+-K^+ Na^+-K^+
Na^+ Na^+ K^+ K^+

050 II.
 - 37

0.5 µm

SEM

-37

03. 051
 문제 인식

탐구 과정

1.

2.

정리

1.
2.

평가하기

1.
2.
3.

4.

052 II.
 1L 6g Na^+
1L 12 g Na^+

80 %
Na^+-K^+ Cl^- NaCl

03. 053
 미토콘드리아 관련 질환

ATP
DNA DNA

리소좀 관련 질환

페르옥시솜 관련 질환 peroxisome

0.3 µm

054 II.
1. 4 5

2.

3.

4.

5.

03. 055
 04
pH

화학

- 38

-38

O O

056 II.
 - 39

-39

- 40

-40

04. 057
 2

-41

Fe^2^+ Mg^2^+
B_1

- 42

-42

058 II.
 80 °C

15 °C

0 10 20 30 40 0 2 4 6 8 10
ºC pH

-43 pH pH

pH
pH

pH
pH 35 °C∼40 °C
pH
pH 7
pH 2

자료실

04. 059
 pH

문제 인식 pH pH

3%
10 % 10 %
가설 설정
pH
pH

탐구 설계 및 수행

1.

평가하기

2.
!
!

3.

결과 및 정리

1.
pH
2.

3.

060 II.
4

2700
-1 6

-1

H2 + H2

NH2 + + NH2

-NH_2
+ H2O H+ OH -COOH

ATP ADP + P

ATP ADP + Pi
+

-44

19

04. 061
 문제 인식

탐구 과정

1.

2.

정리

1.
2.

1.

2.
pH

3.

062 II.
01. 23 ~29 02. 30 ~43

03. 44 ~55 04. 56 ~62

35 °C∼40 °C
pH

DNA RNA

063
 1단계

01. 04.

DNA

02.

03.
A∼C

20000
20
150000
180
05.
1000 E
10

A
A B C
D

B C

A C

064 II.
06. 08.

0
1.0 1.2 1.4

1.4

ATP 1.0

DNA

07.
09.

A
B

∼ D
C

A D

A D

065
 2단계

10. 12.
A ∼ ^3H

A∼C
C
A∼C
B

A B C

A B - - -
B -
B A - -
-
C

C B A

11. A∼C pH

13. X Y
A B C
A B

X Y X
1.1
0 2 4 6 8 10
pH 1

0.9
Y
0
t
A B

A B
X Y
B C pH
A pH 7
t X Y

066 II.
01.
A∼D

1000 20000 80000 150000

10 20 60 3

A B C D

A∼D DNA O_2

02. A∼C KCN

A B
A∼C
C

KCN
A∼C O

03.

04. 1 ∼2

067
068
2

069
 oritica
a chl
Elysi
III
 1. 2.

학습 후 : 학습 후 :

01
02
I 03

072 III.
01 01
TCA

1
-1 2

ATP

ATP

TEM -1

ATP

0.5 µm

ATP

01. 073
 2

C H_1_2O + 6O_2 + 6H_2O  6CO_2 + 12H_2O +

화학

ATP
-2

TCA

1 2
ATP Adenosine triphos
phate
TCA
ADP

ATP
ATP
ATP TCA

-2

NADH NADH
NADH FADH2

TCA

ATP ATP ATP

Q ATP

074 III.
 1 2

2ADP+2P 2ATP

C  2 C

2NAD^+ 2NADH+2H^+

-3 ATP
1 ATP 2 ATP 4
ADP
1 ATP 2 P

ATP -4

ADP ATP
H^++e^-
NAD^+ e^- H^+ NADH + ATP

NADH
1 2 ATP 2 -4

NADH 2

C NAD^+ Nico
tinamide adenine dinu
C 2 cleotide

NAD^+
-3 1 2 NADH
ATP
2
2H^++2e^-
+ +
NAD NADH +H 2ADP 2ATP NAD^+ NADH
H^+
(C3) NAD^++2H^++2e^-
2ATP 2ADP P Pi P P
 NADH+H^+
II
P P Pi
(C6) 2 (C3)
(C6)
P P P
+ +
NAD NADH +H 2ADP 2ATP

01. 075
 TCA

CoA A
TCA TCA
TCA Tri Carboxylic
-5
Acid TCA

-COOH
3
H^++e^- A CoA CoA
TCA e^- H^+ NAD^+ NADH
TCA TCA

NAD+ NADH + H+

CoA
CoA
(C3) (C3) (C2)
CoA
CO2

-5 CoA

Q 1 CoA

CoA TCA
Krebs H A 1900 TCA 1940 CoA
1981
TCA
1953

TCA
H^++e^-
FAD Flavine adenine H^+ NAD^+ FAD NADH FADH_2 TCA
dinucleotide
-6

2 2 CoA TCA
FAD+2H^++2e^-
 FADH_2
NADH FADH _2 ATP
TCA CoA 1
2 ATP 1 NADH 3 FADH_2 1

076 III.
 1 3
ATP 1 NADH 4 FADH_2 1

ADP+P ATP

C  3CO_2

4NAD^+ 4NADH+4H^+ FAD FADH_2

-6 TCA 1 CoA
CO_2 3 ATP 1 NADH 4 FADH_2 1

(C3)

2 C _2 CoA
(C3) 4 C

CO2 6 C
+
NAD CoA 6 C
NADH NAD ^+ NADH
+H+ CO_2 5 C
CoA
CoA (C2) 5 C CO _2
CoA NAD^+ NADH 4
(C4) C
ATP 1
(C6) +
NADH +H
+ NAD
4 C FAD
NADH +H
+ FADH_2
+
NAD 4 C
CO2
4 C NAD^+
TCA NADH
(C4)
(C5) C

CO2
H2O
NAD+

(C4) NADH +H
+
ADP
Q TCA
(C4) ATP
FADH2 FAD

01. 077
 NADH
FADH_2 ATP ATP

NADH -7
FADH2
2 e–
2 e–

TCA NADH
FADH_2 NAD^+
FAD

2 e–

2H++ 1 O2 H2O ATP

2
O

ATP
-7 NADH FADH_2
ATP

ATP

ATP

pH 9 pH 7 H ^+
pH 9 ADP ATP
pH 9

pH 9 pH 7

pH 9 pH 7

pH 9 pH 7
ADP
+
pH 9 Pi ATP
pH 9

ATP

ATP

078 III.
 ATP 리학

-8 NADH FADH_2

H^+
H^+ H^+
ATP
H^+ H^+
H^+
ATP H^+ ATP
ATP ATP
H^+

ATP NADH FADH_2

NADH 1 ATP 2.5 FADH_2 1 ATP 1.5

-8 Q H^+ ATP H^+

H+
H^+
H^+
H+

2 e–
H+

–
2e
NADH H+
+ H+
NAD
+ FADH2 + H+
FAD H 2 e–
H+ H+ +
2 H+
ATP
2 H+
H+

H 2O 1 O
2
2
ADP + Pi

H^+
H+
ATP ATP
ATP

01. 079
 3
1 ATP
TCA ATP 4
NADH FADH_2 ATP

-9 1 TCA
10NADH 2FADH_2 NADH 1 FADH_2 1
2.5ATP 1.5ATP
28ATP 1 32ATP

2NADH
2NADH
6 NADH, 2FADH2

TCA

2ATP 2ATP 28ATP

Q ATP
32ATP

-9 1 ATP ATP
1 32ATP

1 ATP 32

1 mol 686 kcal ADP

1 ATP 1 7.3 kcal
34 % ATP ATP
66 %

32\7.3 kcal mol

% = \ 100 34
686 kcal mol

080 III.
4

- 10

ATP
TCA
CoA TCA CoA

TCA
ATP
-NH_2
CoA TCA
ATP

-10

1.0, 0.8, 0.7

1. 1 2

2. TCA

3. ATP H^+

4. 1 ATP

01. 081
02

1
ATP

ATP - 11

ATP

-11 Q ATP

ATP
ATP ATP
ATP

O2O2 O2O2

TCA
TCA

2, H
COCO 2,2O
H2O

082 III.
2
NAD^+ NADH
NADH NAD^+

NAD^+
NAD^+ NAD^+

- 12 NADH
NADH NAD^+
ATP
1 ATP 2

SEM

ATP

ATP

1 µm

-12 NADH NAD^+ -13

C  2 C + 2ATP

2ADP+ 2Pi 2ATP

2NAD+ 2 NADH + 2H+

02. 083
 - 15

NADH NADH
NAD^+
SEM

1 ATP 2

C  2 C_2 + 2CO_2 + 2ATP

5 µm 2ATP
2ADP+ 2Pi

2NAD+ 2 NADH + 2H+ 2CO2

2 2

-14 -15 NADH NAD^+

자료실

2NADH
ATP ATP

084 III.
 문제 인식

5% 5%
5% 40 %
탐구 과정

1. 100 mL 10 g
2. A D

A 15 mL+ 15 mL
B 5% 15 mL+ 15 mL
C 5% 15 mL+ 15 mL
D 5% 15 mL+ 15 mL

3.

4. 30 °C∼35 °C A∼D
5. 20 ∼30
6.
40 % 5 mL

결과 및 정리

평가하기 1. A D

2.

02. 085
 문제 인식

탐구 과정

1.
2.

3.

정리

1.
2.

평가하기

1. ATP

2.

3.

086 III.
3000

zymase

02. 087
03

1
- 16 2

ATP

088 III.
 LM

40 µm

ATP

1.5 µm

TEM

-16 Q

a b c d
a
a b a

03. 089
 리학 380 nm∼750 nm

a b

400 450 500 550 600 650 700 400 450 500 550 600 650 700
nm nm

a b

a b
1883 a b
Engelmann T W
a b
1843∼1909

a b

090 III.
 문제 인식

:
=7:3 TLC 탐구 과정

1. 5 mL 1

TLC Thin Layer 2. TLC 1.5 cm 10 cm

Chromatography
1 cm
3
TLC

3. 과정 1 TLC
2 ∼3
4. 1 mL∼2 mL
5. TLC

6. TLC TLC

7.

결과 및 정리
Rf
1.
=
2. 과정 7

평가하기 3.

03. 091
 2

6CO_2 + 12H_2O  C H_1_2O + 6O_2 + 6H_2O

Benson A A 1917~ 1949

2015

I II III

CO2 CO2 CO2

I II III

CO2 CO2 CO2

092 III.
 NADPH
NADP^+ Nicoti
ATP
namide adenine dinucleotide
NADPH phosphate
NADP^+ NAD^+

ATP NADPH NADP^+

2 2H^+
+2 e ^- NADPH
H^+
ATP NADPH NADP^++2H^++2e^-
 NADPH+H^+

-17

ATP
NADPH ATP NADPH CO_2

H2O CO2

NADPH

ATP

ADP + Pi

NADP+

O2 Q

03. 093
 ATP NADPH

CO_2 H_2O O

Hill R 1899 1991 1939

O_2

Fe^3^+ O2
O2
Fe^2^+

III
II

Ruben S 1913 1941 O H_2 O

1943 C O_2

H_2 O C O_2

18
O2 O2

CO2 C18O2
18
H2 O H 2O

094 III.
 NADP^+
NADP^+ NADPH

H_2O  2H^++ 2e^-+ O_2

NADP^++ 2H^++ 2e^-  NADPH + H^+

H^+ e^- O_2

NADP^+ NADPH ATP

ATP
1954 Arnon D I
ATP NADPH
1910∼1994
ADP

- 18 a 1 ATP

a
a

e–

-18 a
a 1

a
a 700 nm P
a 680 nm P
ATP NADPH

03. 095
 1
–
1 ATP 2 e
2 e–
NADP+ + 2H+

– –
2 e
–
2 e NADPH + H+

a P700
–
P680 2 e H2O

2H + 1 O2
+
2
II
II I

P P 1
P 1 P
P
P ATP NADP ^+
NADP^+ NADPH

-19

a - 19

1
ATP
NADP^+ H^+ NADPH
a

NADPH ATP
- 20 ATP
1
P
1 P
e–

P700 NADPH ATP

ATP
- 21 a
ATP
I

-20 H^+

096 III.
 O_2
+
NADPH + H
H+
H+
NADP+

2 H+
–
2e –
–
2e H^+
2e Pi + ADP

2e
– II I H+
H+
H2O
H+ NADP^+ NADPH
1 H+ ATP
2 H+ + 2 O 2 H+

H+ H+ ATP
H^+
ATP
ATP

-21

H^+
H^+ H^+
ATP
ATP ATP H^+
ATP

ATP

+ H+ + ATP
H H
ATP

ATP H^+

+
H ADP + Pi
H^+ +
H ATP

03. 097
 ATP NADPH

Calvin M 1911 1956 CO_2

1997

C CO_2

1961

a
b 90º
c
d
e
X
A B a b c d e
1 2

PGAL
3PG 3PG
6

CO_2 3 CO_2 30

CO_2 3 30

3PG CO_2 3 3PG C

3
3PG
CO_2 C

098 III.
 3
CO2 3CO_2 5
RuBP 3
6 3PG
6

P
P P
6 ATP NADPH
3
3PG(C3)
RuBP(C5) 3PG
6ATP
3ADP PGAL

6ADP
3ATP RuBP PGAL 6

P P 1

2Pi 6
DPGA(C3) 5 3 RuBP
RuBP CO_2
RuBP
6 NADPH + 6H+
+
6NADP
P
6Pi
P
5
PGAL(C3) 6
PGAL(C3)

P
1
PGAL(C3)

-22 1 CO_2 1 1 CO_2 6

- 22 RuBP 3 DPGA
1, 3 2
ATP NADPH
PGAL RuBP
2

1 CO_2 6 ATP 18 NADPH 12 PGAL

3

18ATP 18ADP+18P

6CO_2+12NADPH+12H^+  C H_1_2O +6H_2O+12NADP^+

03. 099
 문제 인식 17 Helmont J 1580∼1644

탐구 과정

1.

Hill R Priestley J Saussure N

1899∼1991 1733∼1804 1767∼1845

평가하기

Sachs J Ingenhousz J M
1832∼1897 1730∼1799 1911∼1997

2.

3.

정리

1.
2.

100 III.
3

ATP

H2O ATP

NADH FADH2
O2

TCA
ATP
ATP NADPH CO2

ATP

ATP

ATP

1.

2.

3. H^+ ATP
ATP

4.

03. 101
 3

LED

DN A

30 µm

102 III.
1. 4

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

03. 103
 01. 73 ~81 03. 88 ~103

TCA

TCA
NADPH
NADH FADH_2 O_2
ATP
PGAL

O2
NADH
NADH, FADH2 H2O CO2
NADH

NADPH
TCA ATP

ADP Pi
CO2 CO2 H2O +
ATP ATP ATP NADP

O2

ATP
02. 82 ~87

ATP
ATP O_2 NADPH

1 2ATP
ATP

1 2ATP ATP

2CO2 2NADH 2NAD+ H+ H+ H+ H+

2
2NAD+ 2NADH 2

2 ATP

2ADP 2ATP
+ 2Pi 2 H+
ADP ATP
Pi H+
2NADH 2NAD+

ATP ATP

104 III.
 1단계

01. 03.
2ATP 2ADP 4ADP 4ATP
2
+
H+ H+ H+ ATP
2NAD 2NADH

2e- H 2O
H+ H+ H+ ADP ATP
2H++ 12 O2 + Pi H+

1 ATP 4 H_2O
H^+
ATP H^+
pH ATP

O_2 ATP

02.
NAD+
CO2 04.
NADH
CoA CO2 O2
CoA

NADH TCA
NAD+ CoA
+
NAD NADH
CO2

CO2
H2O
CO2 NAD+
H2O NADH
ADP
ATP
FADH2 FAD

1
1 28ATP
CO_2
1
686 kcal ADP 1 ATP
7.3 kcal

105
 05. 07.
e
1

e-
CoA

b
1

1
680 nm

ATP

06.
2ADP 2ATP 2ATP 2ADP
08.

NADP+
2NAD+ 2NADH 2 2NADH 2NAD+ H+ 2e-
NADPH
2 2 2e
-
2e -

2CO2 H 2O +
2H++ 12 O2 H
H+

ATP

ADP + Pi ATP
H+

NAD^+
ATP
H_2O

NADPH

1 ATP H^+ ATP

106 III.
09. 11.
3PG
CO2
-
2e 2e- NADPH
-
2e ATP 2e
-
RuBP PGAL
2e - NADP+

ATP
2e-
A
1 + +
H2O O 2H B
2 2

A B ATP NADPH
RuBP>3PG=PGAL
3PG PGAL
CO_2 RuBP

1
A NADPH ATP
B
B

10. 12.
3
CO2
H 2O CO2

3 ATP
RuBP 6
3ADP 3PG NADPH
6ATP
3ATP 6ADP NADP+
6 ADP
DPGA + Pi
6 NADPH
6 NADP+ O2
5
PGAL 6
PGAL

1
PGAL
CO_2
CO_2
O_2
ATP
∼ CO_2, ATP NADPH
∼

107
 2단계

13. 15.
ATP X
C D X ATP H^+

X
H+ H+ +
+ H
A B H

2 e-
2 e- 1 +
FADH2 H+ 2 O2+2H
+
H+ FAD H H+
H2O ATP
NADH NAD+ ADP + Pi

A
B C
O_2
D

H^+

X ATP
X pH

16.
14.

H2O
ATP

O2 NADH FADH2 NADP^++2H^++2e^-  NADPH+H^+

TCA
ATP NADPH ATP H_2O  2H^++2e^-+1
2O_2
/
ATP  ADP+P

ATP

NADPH

H^+ pH

ATP

108 III.
01. 2H + 1O
2 2 H2 + 12 O2

2H+ + 2e-
ATP

2e- 1O
2 2
+
2H
H2O H2O

02.

30
25
C 20
15
10
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 4 8 12 16 20 24
C

03.
ATP
30

04.

109
5
 IV

DNA
 1. 2.

학습 후 : 학습 후 :

01
02
I 03

112 IV.
 DNA DNA

200 µm

1
DNA
DNA
DNA

-1 DNA 1

DNA
DNA

DNA

DNA

-1

DNA

01. 113
 DNA

DNA 1900

DNA DNA

1928 Griffith F 1879∼1941

S
R S R

S R S
S

S R R
S S R S

1944 Avery O T 1877∼1955

R
S

R S

RNA

S DNA

114 IV.
 S RNA DNA
R DNA
R S
DNA DNA

1952 Hershey A D 1908∼1997 Chase M 1927∼2003

DNA
DNA

35
S

^3 S ^3^2P

32
P
DNA

^3 S
^3^2P DNA

DNA
DNA
DNA

DNA TEM DNA

40 nm 01. 115
 DNA
DNA

문제 인식 DNA
DNA
95 % 70 %
15 mL
탐구 과정

1. 2g 7 mL 150 mL
2. 5 mL 5
3. 3 mL
DNA

4. 1
5. 95 %
!

6. DNA
DNA DNA

7. DNA
8. 5 DNA 70 %
평가하기
1
9. DNA 70 %
DNA

5 6

DNA

DNA 결과 및 정리

과정 6 9 DNA

116 IV.
2 DNA

DNA
DNA 1:1:1
DNA 5 DNA
A G C T 4 A G
2 C T 1

2 -2

5 5' 5 3'

5 5'
5 3' 5'
3'

-2 1:1:1

5 P 5
A
P

P
G 3'

5C P C
O
4C C1
A T
3C C2 P T

G C
P C
5 1'
5'
3 3

01. 117
 DNA
DNA -3

DNA
5'
3' A T 2
DNA X
G C 3 DNA
DNA
A T G C DNA

DNA
DNA

DNA

-3 DNA DNA

2 nm 0.34 nm Q DNA 5 ACTGGCTAG 3

3.4 nm 10

DNA 2 nm
0.34 nm

10

C
T
G P

P
A A

T P
G
5
C
C

P
G

118 IV.
3
3 DNA

DNA

DNA DNA Meselson M 1930

Stahl F 1929
DNA

DNA 15 14
N N

DNA
1 2
DNA DNA DNA

DNA 14N 14
N
14 15
DNA N N
15 15
DNA N N
15 14 14
N N N
P 1 G1 2 G2

2 G_2 DNA

3 G_3 DNA DNA

%

1 DNA 2
DNA DNA DNA
DNA

DNA 2 DNA
2

01. 119
 DNA
DNA

문제 인식 DNA

221

탐구 과정

1. 4 221 10

2.
3. 과정 2
20
4. DNA
DNA
평가하기 1 3 4

5. DNA

6.
7. 과정 5∼6 DNA 2

결과 및 정리

1. 과정 7 DNA
과정 4 DNA
2. 과정 7 DNA 과정 4
DNA
3. DNA

120 IV.
 5
DNA
3

3 3
5
DNA 5
5 3
5
5 3
3
DNA DNA
DNA 5
DNA 1 5 3
3
DNA 5 3
DNA DNA
DNA 5 3

5 3
5 DNA

5 3
3
-4 DNA

DNA -4

DNA
DNA
DNA
3' DNA
3'
3' RNA

DNA 5' 3'

DNA 2 DNA DNA DNA
DNA

1. DNA

2.
DNA
3. DNA DNA

01. 121
 DNA

DNA

Beadle G W 1903
1989 Tatum E
L 1909 1975

+ + +

122 IV.
 -5

1 1

DNA a b c

A B C

-5

1 1
1 1 -6

1 1

-6
1 1

02. 123
 2
DNA
DNA A G C T DNA
DNA

20 DNA 4
20 4
2 AA AG AC AT 16 =4\4
20
4 3 AAA AAG AAC AAT
64 =4\4\4 20
DNA 3 3

DNA DNA
-7 DNA
mRNA messenger RNA mRNA mRNA

DNA
RNA DNA mRNA
mRNA

DNA -7 DNA mRNA

DNA
RNA
DNA
RNA

DNA mRNA

124 IV.
 DNA RNA

-8 DNA RNA
RNA
RNA DNA
DNA
DNA
5' 3' RNA RNA RNA
DNA RNA RNA RNA

DNA
RNA DNA RNA
A G C U 4
DNA A RNA
U
DNA RNA mRNA rRNA tRNA tRNA
transfer RNA
mRNA DNA
rRNA
tRNA

-8 RNA DNA

RNA Q DNA 5 GAACTTAGCT 3

DNA RNA mRNA
RNA
5 3
3 5 RNA
RNA
DNA

RNA DNA

RNA T C C
A A T T
A
C G
3 C T
DNA A
T G
5 3 G
3 G
A
3 3 5 A C
C
5 5 T
U
C C
A C
C A
RNA U
A
A A G G A
G G T T
T
U
RNA RNA C
DNA 5 G
G

5 3
3 5 DNA
RNA
5 3
RNA

02. 125
 DNA mRNA
-9 mRNA

3 5 mRNA DNA mRNA

A C C A A A C C G A G T
DNA 3 3
T G G T T T G G C T C A
5 3 mRNA 3
3
A G C U 4
3 64
U G G U U U G G C U C A
mRNA 5 3

64
-9

mRNA

Nirenberg M W U mRNA
1927 2010

mRNA mRNA
mRNA

A mRNA
1968 C mRNA

A C mRNA

mRNA

mRNA

126 IV.
 64 61

- 10

AUG
UAA UAG UGA
mRNA
3

U C A G
UUU UCU UAU UGU U
UUC UCC UAC UGC C
U
UUA UCA UAA UGA A
UUG UCG UAG UGG G
CUU CCU CAU CGU U
CUC CCC CAC CGC C
C
CUA CCA CAA CGA A
CUG CCG CAG CGG G
AUU ACU AAU AGU U
AUC ACC AAC AGC C
A AUA ACA AAA AGA A
AUG ACG AAG AGG G
GUU GCU GAU GGU U
GUC GCC GAC GGC C
G
GUA GCA GAA GGA A
GUG GCG GAG GGG G

-10

Q mRNA 5' AUGCCUACAGGUUGA 3'

3 5
mRNA tRNA tRNA

tRNA
tRNA - 11

mRNA
G A A

-11 tRNA

02. 127
 E P A - 12 rRNA

3
mRNA
tRNA
tRNA P

-12 A tRNA P

tRNA A
A mRNA 5'
tRNA 3' A tRNA P P
P tRNA
E tRNA E mRNA
3'
tRNA
mRNA
tRNA

-13

1 2 E P A 3

tRNA

U A C U A C U A C C A G
5 A U G 3 5 A U G 3 5 A U G G U C U U C 3
mRNA

mRNA A
tRNA tRNA P tRNA

4 5 6

A A G

C U
U A C A G G A A C C
U A C C A G
5 A U G G U C U U C 3 5 A U G G U C U U C 3 5 U G G U G A 3

P A P tRNA
E A tRNA P tRNA
A tRNA

128 IV.
 DNA
mRNA
DNA tRNA

3
mRNA
mRNA

5 mRNA

mRNA

U A C
mRNA 5 A U G

tRNA mRNA

tRNA

U A C

A
A U 3
U C G A C G A C C
C U G A U G U G G U G A

tRNA mRNA

-14

02. 129
 문제 인식 DNA mRNA

탐구 과정
223 225
1. 223 225
!

2. DNA mRNA
3. mRNA
P
4. P tRNA
tRNA
5. tRNA P tRNA
과정 4 A
2 3

DNA

mRNA

4 5

평가하기

tRNA

130 IV.
7 8

6.
7. 1 E tRNA

8. 과정 5∼7 mRNA

9. mRNA

결과 및 정리

1.
2.

1.

2. DNA RNA

DNA

3. UAA UAG UGA

02. 131
 DNA

DNA
DNA

1940 Avery O T 1877 1955 DNA

DNA
Pauling L C 1901 1994 Wilkins M 1916 2004
DNA 1953
DNA 1962

DNA
Franklin R E 1920 1958 DNA X
DNA
4

132 IV.
1. 5 DNA

2. DNA

3. DNA

4. 1953 2

DNA

5.

6.

02. 133
 DNA

1
- 15

DNA RNA

-15

DNA 1 2 3

RNA

134 IV.
 RNA
RNA

- 16 6 µm
SEM

-16

1
2
3
DNA

mRNA RNA

RNA

RNA

DNA
RNA

mRNA
mRNA

03. 135
 2

mRNA

- 17 DNA
DNA RNA

-17 DNA

DNA
DNA
RNA DNA

DNA
RNA

RNA

RNA

mRNA

RNA
RNA

mRNA

mRNA

mRNA

136 IV.
DNA

RNA DNA
DNA
RNA

DNA
- 18

DNA

RNA

RNA
DNA
-18

DNA

03. 137
 3

-1

-1

138 IV.
 A B

A B
C D E F

C D E F

-19

- 19

MyoD

- 20

mRNA mRNA mRNA mRNA

-20

03. 139
 Antp
- 21

Antp
-21

140 IV.
 문제 인식

탐구 과정

1.

평가하기

2.

정리

1.

2.

3.

03. 141
 DNA

DNA
DNA

DNA
DNA 5' CG 3' CpG
CpG -CH_3
DNA CpG
CpG CpG
CpG

1 DNA

DNA

DNA

DNA

142 IV.
01. 113 ~121 02. 122 ~133

DNA 3 3
DNA DNA
DNA mRNA
DNA mRNA

DNA DNA
DNA
5' 3' DNA mRNA

DNA mRNA
DNA
DNA DNA

RNA
mRNA
03. 134 ~142
mRNA 3

mRNA
mRNA

1 2
DNA 3 tRNA
mRNA
RNA

AAG

C U
UA GA
5 UAC
AUG 3 5 CAG
AUGGUCUUC 3 5 ACC
UGGUGA 3

RNA 5' 3' tRNA

143
 1단계

01. 03. DNA

3' 5'

DNA
DNA
DNA

5'
3' 3'
5'

DNA

DNA
DNA
DNA 3' 5'
DNA
2
DNA

04.
a c

+ + +

02. DNA

P
P
P
5 DNA a b c
P

P A B C
3

144 IV.
05. 08.
3'
DNA A T G T T A
T A C C A A A A T
5'
mRNA
A U G U U A

tRNA 1 2 3

DNA mRNA

mRNA
GUU
tRNA 3' CAU
06. 5'
A

3
5

RNA

07. 09.

DNA

RNA
A

mRNA 5'
tRNA

145
 2단계

10. 12. ^1^5N ^1^4N

3
DNA
DNA

DNA

DNA ^1^4N-^1^4N ^1^4N-^1^5N ^1^5N-^1^5N

RNA mRNA 0% 0% 100 %
1 0% 100 % 0%
2

- + =50 %
mRNA 3 DNA

11. 13.

x y

RNA mRNA mRNA mRNA mRNA

X Y

X y
Y DNA
x
y

146 IV.
01. DNA ^1 N
^1^4N 1 DNA
DNA

D 8 D 8
N N
A 6 A 6
4 4
D 28 D 28
N 0 N 0
A 6 14
N-14N 14
N-15N 15
N-15N A 6 14
N-14N 14
N-15N 15
N-15N
4 4
2 2
0 14
0
N-14N 14
N-15N 15
N-15N 14
N-14N 14
N-15N 15
N-15N
^1^4N D 8 2 D 8 3 DNA
N N
A 6 A 6
4 4
D 28 D 28
N 0 N 0
A 6 14
N-14N 14
N-15N 15
N-15N A 6 14
N-14N 14
N-15N 15
N-15N
4 4
2 2
0 14
0
N-14N 14
N-15N 15
N-15N 14
N-14N 14
N-15N 15
N-15N

2 3

02.

03.

04.

147
50 2m
V
 1. 2.

학습 후 : 학습 후 :

01
02
I 03

150 V.
01

1
1924 Oparin A I 1894
1980

Haldane J S 1892
1964
-1

H_2 H_2O CH_4 NH_3

-1

H_2, H_2O CH_4, NH_3

01. 151
 01

Urey H 1893 1981 1953

-2

Miller S 1930 1
2007

CH_4, NH_3,
H_2O H_2

U
0 25 50 75 100 125 150

-2

Q U

Fox S 1913~1998

152 V.
 56 µm 6.8 µm 6.8 µm

2 2

TEM SEM
SEM

DNA
RNA
RNA
RNA

RNA Ribonucleic
-3 RNA acid Enzyme
RNA Ribozyme
DNA DNA RNA

RNA RNA DNA

DNA
RNA
RNA
RNA RNA
RNA
RNA RNA DNA RNA

01. 153
 01

2
39

35

10 µm

-4

21

-5

II

154 V.
 DNA

-5

2
DNA

15
-6

-6

5 3500 ∼5
2500

01. 155
 01

문제 인식 39

탐구 과정

1.

2.

35 50 %
30 O2

25
20
15
%
10 O2 25 % 40 %
O2
5
0
40 30 20 10 5 2.5 1

2017
평가하기
3.

정리

1.

2.

3.

156 V.
2014 4 ESA Rosetta
67P

NASA
2016 7 Juno

67P - -

01. 157
02
3 6

1
200

-7

-7

A B

158 V.
2
Linné C von 1707
~1778

18 2
Haeckel E H 1834
~1919
3 1866
20

Whittaker R H
5
1920~1980
20 rRNA
3 Woese C 1928~
6 3 6

-8

2 3 5

3 6

02. 159
 5 3 6
5 3 6

문제 인식 5 3 6

탐구 과정

1. 5 3 6
5

3 6

2. 3

평가하기

DNA

정리

1. 5 3 6
2. 5 3 6

3 6 5

rRNA DNA

160 V.
3 6

-9 3 6

Homo sapiens Linne

02. 161
 3
3 6

162 V.
02. 163
 a b

- 10

-10

164 V.
02. 165
 -11

-12

166 V.
 문제 인식

탐구 과정

1.

Cedrus deodara
Pharbitis nil Malus pumila

Pteridium
aquilinum

Lilium longiflorum Hordeum vulgare

Alnus japonica

2.

3. 과정 2
평가하기
4.

정리

02. 167
 -13

2 3

- 14

2
3

-14

168 V.
 -15

3
- 15

- 16 9

2 3
3

-16

2 3

02. 169
 2

170 V.
 3

02. 171
 문제 인식

탐구 과정

1.
2.

평가하기
3. ∼
A∼E

C D E

정리

1.
2.

172 V.
 -17

1. 3 6

2. 3 6

3.

4. 3

02. 173
03

삼엽충

-18

The Living World 2010)

174 V.
 - 19

-19

- 20

-20

03. 175
 Wallace A R
1823 1913

1858

- 21

-21

구과
DNA
DNA

100 %

95 %
87 %

69 %

54 %

14 %

DNA

176 V.
2

20
-22

-23 Q

70 1976
60
50
40
30
20
1978
10
0
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
mm

03. 177
 3

- 24

a
aa
A a
a
A A
aa Aa AA
a a A
Aa A a a
Aa a
Aa A

Aa A a A
AA A a
aa a
a
aa a a
Aa
A

-24 Q A a

A a 1 1 3 1 A
50 % 75 %
Hardy G H 1877~
1947

Weinberg W
1908
1862~1937

178 V.
 A a
A p a q p+q=1
A a
A p a q

p A q a
(p + q)\(p + q)
AA Aa
p A = (p + q)^2
(p²) (pq)
= p^2 + 2pq + q^2
Aa aa
q a AA Aa aa
(pq) (q²)

A a
A p a q
A p^2 + pq = p(p + q) = p
a q^2 + pq = q(p + q) = q

1
2
3
4
5

03. 179
 500

1 1
W
w W w
WW 320 Ww 160 ww 20
1

W w

WW Ww
W

Ww ww
WW Ww ww w
320 160 20

1 W w

1 W w

DNA

... GA T A TTCG T ACGGAC T ...

... GA TG TTCG T AC T GAAT ...

... GA T A TTCG T ACGGAAT ...

-25

DNA

180 V.
-26

-27

03. 181
 -28

-29

182 V.
 문제 인식

탐구 과정

1 1890
20
3

24 24

1.
2.

정리
평가하기 1.
2.
3.

03. 183
 4

- 30

-30

184 V.
 문제 인식

탐구 과정

1.

picta
platensis

A B
oregonensis
croceater

xanthoptica

eschscholtzii klauberi

A B
평가하기
2.

정리

1. A B

2.

1.

2.

3. 4

03. 185
 biomorph

바이오모프 사용법
1.
2. 15
3. 15 15
4. 3 Repeat

5. Fossils Fossil History

6.

186 V.
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

03. 187
 01. 151 ~157 03. 174 ~187

RNA
DNA

DNA

DNA

02. 158 ~173

2 3 5
3 6

3 6

188 V.
 1단계

01. 03.

B C D

5 3 6
A
B 4
C

04. 4
A∼C

C
B
02. A

A B
A B
A B
C

189
 2단계

05. 07. 4

DNA
A

A
4

06.

a aA Aa
a a
A a a A a Aa 08.
a a a A a AA

A
A
A AA a A a
a a a A
a A
a a Aa A
AA Aa aa Aa aa
A a a a A A aa aa aa aa aa
a a a a a A A
A a A

A 0.2
A a

300

190 V.
01.

02.

10000 1

03.

04. ABO B AB O

ABO O

191
VI
 1. 2.

학습 후 : 학습 후 :

01
02
I

194 VI.
01

DNA

1 DNA

DNA
DNA DNA DNA

DNA
DNA

-1 DNA

01. 195
 1.5 µm DNA DNA
DNA DNA
-2 DNA
TEM

DNA
SEM 0.7 µm

IV

DNA

DNA

-2 DNA

DNA DNA DNA DNA

DNA
DNA
DNA DNA

DNA
DNA DNA DNA
DNA

DNA

196 VI.
 DNA DNA
5 3
G A A T T C
DNA
C T T A A G
DNA DNA 3 5
DNA
DNA
DNA
G A A T T C
DNA
C T T A A G
DNA DNA

A A T T C G
DNA DNA
DNA DNA
G C T T A A

DNA
DNA DNA G A A T T C G A A T T C
DNA
DNA C T T A A G C T T A A G

DNA DNA

-3 EcoR ) DNA

DNA

DNA

B
A
DNA A C

B
X gal
C

DNA X gal
A B
A X gal
DNA B C
C

01. 197
 DNA
DNA

문제 인식 DNA

227
탐구 과정

1. 227 DNA
2

2. 1

3.
DNA
DNA

4.
DNA
1 2 3

결과 및 정리

1. DNA DNA
평가하기
2. DNA

3. X gal

X gal

198 VI.
2

-4

35.7 µm
LM

-4

01. 199
 -5

DNA

-6

200 VI.
 문제 인식

탐구 과정

1.

2.

정리

1.
2.

1. DNA DNA DNA

DNA

2. DNA DNA

3.

01. 201
 02
LMO

B
B

B 1.8 µm

-7 B SEM

202 VI.
 B B

A B C

-8 B B

B
B

-9

-9

02. 203
 1990 SCID
ADA

DNA

DNA

204 VI.
 12.5 µm

LM

-10

02. 205
 문제 인식

탐구 과정

1.

평가하기

2.

정리

과정 2

생각 키우기

206 VI.
2
LMO GMO
LMO
LMO LMO Living Modified
Organisms

LMO
GMO Genetically Modified
Organisms LMO
LMO

LMO

www foodsafetykorea go kr
www biosafety or kr

-11

0.5 µm

TEM

15 µm

02. 207
 LMO

LMO
LMO

문제 인식 LMO
LMO

탐구 과정

1. LMO
평가하기

2.
3. LMO
LMO

정리

나는 … 1. LMO

2. LMO

VI.
3

LMO LMO
LMO

LMO

02. 209
 문제 인식

탐구 과정

3 6

평가하기
1.
2.

정리

1.

2.
LMO

3.

4.

210 VI.
 DNA

Cas9
CRISPR DNA

RNA 9 Cas9
RNA
Cas9 DNA
RNA

DNA LMO
LMO

G A

DNA

02. 211
 1 A DNA DNA

DNA

2 B

212 VI.
1.

1
1
4 2 2

2.

3.
1.
2.
3.

4.

4.

5.

6.

02. 213
 01. 195 ~201 02. 202 ~213

DNA DNA
DNA B

DNA DNA
B
B

DNA

DNA

DNA
DNA DNA
A B C

DNA

DNA

DNA

DNA

LMO
LMO

LMO

DNA

214 VI.
 1단계

01. DNA DNA 03.

DNA

A B

02.

04. A
B

A 2n
C A DNA A
C DNA B

215
 2단계

05. 08.
DNA
A X

A
B

06.

09.

DNA

07. LMO

216 VI.
01.

02.

03.
PRSV
PRSV PRSV

LMO

04.

LMO
DNA

LMO LMO
LMO

217
 DNA
DNA

LMO

DNA

EPO B

5 10

218
 CCTV

LMO
LMO LMO

LMO

219
 II.
05. A B C D
E

029 1. 2. 3.
4. D

042 1.
2. 3.

052 1. 2. 2 B

3. 4.
06.

062 1. 2. 3. pH ATP

64 ~66
07.

01.

02.

08.

= - 1.4
5 0 0
03.
A B C
A
09. A B
B DNA A
ATP C
C
04.
10. A B C B
B
A B
A
DNA A

234
11. pH 2 A 02. ATP
pH 7 B A A
B B C
B pH 7 C pH 8 B

pH C

03.

12.
∼
A B C
C 2
B A

04.
13. X Y A B X
Y
X Y
A
B

X
Y
X
Y X

t X Y

III.
67

01. 081 1. 2. NAD^+ 3. NADH FADH_2

A B C D H^+
4. 32
DNA A
086 1. 2. 3. ATP
O_2
B 101 1. 2. H_2O 3. 4.

235
 06. ATP
ATP
ATP
105 ~108
ATP
01. NAD^+
NADH 1
2ATP 2 2ATP
2 2
4ATP 1 07. a
2ATP a 700 nm
02. P _7_0_0 a
CoA 680 nm P_6_8_0
CoA
1 08.
3 3 ATP I
TCA
NAD^+ NADH FAD FADH_2 NADP^+ ATP H^+

03. O_2 O_2

ATP H^+ 09. A B
ATP B NADPH
H^+ ATP A ATP
H^+ pH ATP
pH ATP B
NADP^+
04.
10. CO_2 5 RuBP
NADH FADH_2 3PG 2
NADH FADH_2 3PG
4ATP 28ATP RuBP
32×7.3 kcal mol × RuBP
100
686 kcal mol
34 % 34 % 11. RuBP 5 3PG PGAL 3
3PG ATP NADPH
05. 1 2
PGAL CO_2
3PG
RuBP 1
CO_2 6 ATP 18 NADPH 12

TCA 12.
ATP O_2
ATP
2ATP ATP NADPH
32ATP CO_2 CO_2, ATP

236
 NADPH

13. A B C
D
A B
C ATP

D CoA
TCA 03. ATP
ATP

14. 10
CoA TCA
CO_2 CO_2

O_2

ATP

ATP 04.

ATP

15.

O_2 H^+
X
ATP H^+ X
H^+ pH

16. NADPH
ATP

H^+ pH
IV.

109
121 1. 2.
3'
01.
3.

131 1. 2. mRNA
ATP rRNA tRNA
3.

141 1. 2. DNA
02. 40 °C 3.

237
 DNA mRNA
mRNA

144 ~146

01. DNA 1
DNA
06. RNA
DNA
RNA DNA
DNA
RNA
RNA
02. DNA A G RNA DNA
C T 4 5' 3'
2
07.
3
tRNA A
2
1
mRNA
mRNA 5'
3'
03. DNA
08. mRNA
mRNA
DNA
5' 3'
DNA
3' UAC 5'
3'
DNA 5' 3' 09.
2 DNA

04.
RNA
RNA

10.

a
c
b
c mRNA

a b
c
05. DNA mRNA 11.
mRNA
RNA

238
 V.
12. 2 ^1^4 N - ^1^4 N DNA ^1^4 N -^1^5 N
DNA 11 3
^1^4N-^1^4 N DNA ^1^4N-^1^5N DNA 31
DNA 156 1. 2. 3.

173 1. 2.
13. X y Y 3. 4.

185 1. 2. 3.

147

01. 2 DNA: DNA

189 ~190
=1:1 3 DNA:
DNA=3:1
01. A
D 8 D 8
N N
A 6 A 6
4 4 B
2 2
014 14 14 15 15 15 014 14 14 15 15 15
N- N N- N N- N N- N N- N N- N
C
2 3 D

02.

02.

A B
DNA
03.
2

A∼C
A 30 °C B 03. 3 6 5
25 °C C 35 °C

04.
04. 4
A
B C

239
 05. A p=0.99
2 pq 2 \ 0 .9 9 \ 0 .0 1 =
0.0198 10000
\0.0198=198

06. 03.

07.

A
04. ABO
08. A 4 ABO
a 16 A O
0.2, a 0.8 Aa B
A a O

a
A

A 0.2 a 0.8
300 AA
0.2\0.2=0.04, Aa 2\
0.2 \ 0.8 = 0.32, a a
\0.8=0.64 300
0 .8
AA
VI.
300\0.04=12 Aa
300 \ 0.32 = 96 aa 300 \
0.64=192 108
201 1. 2. DNA 3.

191
210 1. 2. 3.
01. 4.
LMO

02. a
A A p a 215 ~216
q 10000 1
1 01. A DNA B DNA
q^2=
10000 q=0.01 p=1-q A B DNA

240
 DNA 09.
DNA

DNA

02.

B A 217

C DNA A
01.
DNA B

03.

04.
02.
A

05. B

03.

06. LMO

04. LMO DNA

LMO

07. LMO
LMO
LMO LMO
LMO

LMO

08.
A
LMO LMO

241
 154, 164 126 37
40, 61 180 177 166
127 163 181 96
23 DNA 29, 36, 117 58 28
37 DNA 61, 197 61 39, 88
166 DNA 196 159 38
24 DNA 195 59 163
59 DNA 121 96 51
158 29, 117 40
158 24
162 82 166
38 37, 128 61
25 29 78
95 153 3 159 26
95 40 3 168 84
30 52, 153 3 6 159 95
92 3 124 127
89 47 rRNA 36, 125
134 139 47 RNA 29
163 152 175 RNA 125
39, 88 45 175 84
171 37 24 40
24 179 28 134
23 93, 94 169 ATP 74
24 95 165 ATP 79, 97
25 56 46 FAD 76
57 41 171 FADH_2 76
75 41 41 NAD^+ 75
57 39, 73 205 NADH 75
23 NADP^+ 93
41 NADPH 93
29, 117 17 154 mRNA 124
50 208 138 205
119 32 61
95 200 170
27 47 74 29, 117
27 82 51 113
26 42 40 89
46 205 42 39, 88
202 168 51 5 159

242
 134 177 173 33, 113, 196
166 170 46 75
50 134 59 117
46 200 pH 59 33
137 125
169 137
163 61 199 178
32 78, 96 93, 98 75
154 58 126 170
33, 113 171 152 31
48 134 28 36
176 83 39, 73 36
205 196 203 36
45 173 29
113 134 139
204 23 93, 98 199
122 199 27 195
134 25 61, 75 81
207 58 61, 76 81
204 127 46 140
182 184 31 174
178 154, 168 TCA 76 79, 96
182 165 tRNA 125 151
178 31 39, 88 46
113 58 170
51 205 57
2 159 41 173 56
27 28 48 56
2 168 124 48 169
61 42 26 175
29, 118 42 33 48
28, 44 28 41 36, 113
1 1 123 162 170
1 1 154 173
123 33, 113 29, 117
1 1 123 26
203
182 25
32 171 117
177, 181 171 125

243
 31 TEM 36 40 41

27 31
42 54 69
6 DNA 7

25 28 31 37
48 54 61
I. 62 69

8 11 14 32

15

11 DNA 12 13
14 15 III.
DNA 16 17
73 83 89 102
18

15 17
81 84 86
13
102 109
11 12
83 86
13 14
73 82 84 87 89
102
11 12
13 14 16
70
18
98
17 DNA

II. IV.

20 23 26 27
113 115 132 133
30 31
DNA 135 140
SEM 36
37 38 39
40 41 42 132 DNA 142

43 44 118 DNA 122

61 68 69
112 132 133 DNA
141
23 27 28 32
124
51 53 54 56 61
69 110

244
V. 185

152 153 154

162
171 191

151 154 157 VI.

162 163
192 198 202 B

165 207 219

170 171
172 173 174 175 206 211 212
179 183 218 219 LMO

195 207 210

148

165 180 183 195 196 199

184 201 205 207

150 158 162 195 199 207

163
165 166
170 171
172 173
175 176 177
177 184 186
187

153 156 2
2017

154 174

245
I.
II.
III.
IⅤ.
Ⅴ.
ⅤI.