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Rock Excavation Introduction

Rock excavation involves breaking and removing rock for construction or mining, with objectives including creating infrastructure space and accessing mineral resources. The engineering scope includes method selection, design, environmental management, and cost estimation, while challenges encompass rock variability, safety, and environmental concerns. Various excavation methods, such as mechanical excavation and drilling and blasting, are classified based on rock type and project conditions.

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27 views2 pages

Rock Excavation Introduction

Rock excavation involves breaking and removing rock for construction or mining, with objectives including creating infrastructure space and accessing mineral resources. The engineering scope includes method selection, design, environmental management, and cost estimation, while challenges encompass rock variability, safety, and environmental concerns. Various excavation methods, such as mechanical excavation and drilling and blasting, are classified based on rock type and project conditions.

Uploaded by

berheefrem60
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Rock Excavation Engineering - Topic 1: Introduction

1. Introduction to Rock Excavation

Definition

Rock excavation is the process of breaking and removing rock materials from a site for construction or mining

purposes. It involves techniques that vary depending on the geology, site conditions, and project objectives.

Objectives of Rock Excavation

- To create space for infrastructure like tunnels, dams, roads, and mines.

- To access mineral resources in mining operations.

- To prepare foundations for large structures in rocky terrain.

Scope of Rock Excavation Engineering

- Selection of excavation methods based on geological and project conditions.

- Design of efficient and safe excavation processes.

- Environmental impact management.

- Equipment selection and optimization.

- Cost estimation and project planning.

Challenges in Rock Excavation

- High strength and variability of rock materials.

- Presence of joints, faults, and groundwater.

- Safety concerns due to rockfalls or blasts.

- Environmental issues (noise, vibration, dust).

- Equipment wear and maintenance in harsh conditions.

Classification of Excavation Methods

1. Mechanical Excavation

- Suitable for soft to medium rock.

- Involves excavators, roadheaders, and hydraulic breakers.

2. Drilling and Blasting


Rock Excavation Engineering - Topic 1: Introduction

- Used for hard and massive rock.

- Requires careful design of blast geometry and explosive selection.

3. Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs)

- Preferred for long tunnels in consistent geology.

- Offers higher precision and lower environmental impact.

4. Specialized Methods

- Cut-and-cover: For shallow tunnels in urban areas.

- Controlled blasting: Near sensitive structures or populated areas.

Key Factors in Method Selection

- Rock type and strength.

- Depth and size of excavation.

- Proximity to structures and communities.

- Cost and time constraints.

- Environmental regulations.

Applications

- Mining (surface and underground)

- Tunneling for transport and utilities

- Dams and hydropower projects

- Foundations for skyscrapers and industrial facilities

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