Physical Sciences P1 (Physics) Gr 12 40 FS/2020 Physical Sciences P1 (Physics) Gr 12 41 FS/2020

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS QUESTION 2

QUESTION 1 2.1 Learners want to construct an electric heater using one of two wires, A and B, of different
1.1 A group of learners conduct an experiment to determine the emf ( ε ) and internal resistance (r) of a battery. resistances. They conduct experiments and draw the graphs as shown.
They connect a battery to a rheostat (variable resistor), a low-resistance ammeter and a high-resistance
voltmeter as shown in the diagram below. The data obtained from the experiment is displayed in the table Graph of V versus I for resistors A and B
below. 10,0
r READING ON READING ON
VOLTMETER (V) AMMETER (A)
● 2 0,58 8,0
A ● S 3 0,46 A
4 0,36
5 0,24 ●
6 0,14 ●

V (volts)
6,0

V
1.1.1 State ONE factor which must be kept constant during the experiment. (1)
●
1.1.2 Using the information in the table above, plot the points and draw the line of best fit on a graph B
4,0
paper. (3)
● ●
●
Use the graph drawn in QUESTION 1.1.2 to determine the following:
1.1.3 Emf ( ε ) of the battery (1) 2,0 ● ●
1.1.4 Internal resistance of the battery, WITHOUT USING ANY FORM OF THE EQUATION ●
ε = I(R + r) (3) ●

1.2 Three electrical devices, X, Y and Z, are connected to a 24 V battery with internal resistance r as ● 1,0
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 I (A)
shown in the circuit diagram. The power rating of each of the devices X and Y are indicated in the
diagram.
r
2.1.1 Apart from temperature, write down TWO other factors that the learners should consider to
● S1 ensure a fair test when choosing which wire to use. (2)
 =24 V 2.1.2 Assuming all other factors are kept constant, state which ONE of the two wires will be the
A ●
most suitable to use in the heater. Use suitable calculations to show clearly how you arrive at
the answer. (8)
20 V, 100 W 2.2 In the circuit below the reading on ammeter A is 0,2 A. The battery has an emf of 9 V and internal
X resistance r.
2.2.1 Calculate the current through the
150 W 5,5 Ω resistor. (3)
Y r 2.2.2 Calculate the internal resistance
=9V S •• of the battery. (7)
2.2.3 Will the ammeter reading INCREASE,

11 Ω
● ● Z
S2 DECREASE or REMAIN THE SAME if
11 Ω A • the 5,5 Ω resistor is removed? Give a
With switch S1 closed and S2 open, the devices function as rated. Calculate the: • reason for the answer. (2)
1.2.1 Current in X (3) [22]
5,5 Ω
1.2.2 Resistance of Y (3)
1.2.3 Internal resistance of the battery (5)
QUESTION 3
Now switch S2 is also closed. A cell of unknown internal resistance, r, has emf ( ε ) of 1,5 V. It is V
connected in a circuit to three resistors, a high-resistance  = 1,5 V
1.2.4 Identify device Z which, when placed in the position shown, can still enable X and voltmeter, a low-resistance ammeter and a switch S as shown. S
Y to operate as rated. Assume that the resistances of all the devices remain When switch S is closed, the voltmeter reads 1,36 V. r ●●
unchanged. (1)
1.2.5 Explain how you arrived at the answer to QUESTION 1.2.4. (2) 3.1 Which terminal of the ammeter is represented by P
[22] 4Ω A 2Ω
point P? Write down POSITIVE or NEGATIVE. (1)
3.2 Calculate the ammeter reading. (3)
3.3 Determine the internal resistance of the cell. (7) 3Ω
3.4 An additional resistor X is connected parallel to the
3 Ω resistor in the circuit. Will the reading on the ammeter INCREASE, DECREASE or REMAIN
UNCHANGED? Give a reason for the answer. (4)
[15]

Terms, definitions, questions & answers Terms, definitions, questions & answers
Physical Sciences P1 (Physics) Gr 12 42 FS/2020 Physical Sciences P1 (Physics) Gr 12 43 FS/2020

QUESTION 4 6Ω The learner now builds the circuit alongside, using the same
A battery with an internal resistance of 1 Ω and an unknown emf (ε) is connected in a circuit, as shown below. A 6 V battery and the 6 Ω resistor. She connects an unknown
high-resistance voltmeter (V) is connected across the battery. A1 and A2 represent ammeters of negligible ● resistor X in parallel with the 6 Ω resistor. The voltmeter now
resistance. X reads 4,5 V.
8Ω
● ● ε
A1 20 Ω r
6.2.2 Define the term emf of a cell. (2)
16 Ω 6.2.3 Calculate the resistance of X when the voltmeter
● ● reads 4,5 V. (5)
[17]
R 4,5 V
A2
S●
●
QUESTION 7
ε 7.1 In the circuit below the battery has an emf (ε) of 12 V and an internal resistance of 0,2 Ω. The resistances
● r=1Ω ● of the connecting wires are negligible.
10 Ω

R 15 Ω
V
● c
With switch S closed, the current passing through the 8 Ω resistor is 0,5 A. ●a
4.1 State Ohm's law in words. (2) S ● ●d
b
4.2 Calculate the reading on ammeter A1. (4)
4.3 If device R delivers power of 12 W, calculate the reading on ammeter A2. (5)
4.4 Calculate the reading on the voltmeter when switch S is open. (3) ε = 12 V
[14] 0,2 Ω
QUESTION 5
A battery of an unknown emf and an internal resistance of 0,5 Ω 7.1.1 Define the term emf of a battery. (2)
V is connected to three resistors, a high-resistance voltmeter and 7.1.2 Switch S is open. A high-resistance voltmeter is connected across points a and b.
an ammeter of negligible resistance, as shown. The reading on What will the reading on the voltmeter be? (1)
2Ω the ammeter is 0,2 A. 7.1.3 Switch S is now closed. The same voltmeter is now connected across points c and d.
What will the reading on the voltmeter be? (1)
5.1 Calculate the:
0,5 Ω 5.1.1 Reading on the voltmeter (3) When switch S is closed, the potential difference across the terminals of the battery is 11,7 V.
ε 5.1.2 Total current supplied by the battery (4)
A
5.1.3 Emf of the battery (5) Calculate the:
4Ω 8Ω 5.2 How would the voltmeter reading change if the 2 Ω resistor is 7.1.4 Current in the battery (3)
removed? Write down INCREASE, DECREASE or REMAIN 7.1.5 Effective resistance of the parallel branch (2)
THE SAME. Explain the answer. (3) 7.1.6 Resistance of resistor R (4)
[15]
QUESTION 6 7.2 A battery with an emf of 12 V and an internal resistance of 0,2 Ω are connected in series to a very
6.1 In the diagram below, three light bulbs, A, B and C, are connected in parallel to a 12 V source small electric motor and a resistor, T, of unknown resistance, as shown in the circuit below. The motor
of negligible internal resistance. The bulbs are rated at 4 W, 6 W and 10 W respectively and is rated X watts, 3 volts, and operates at optimal conditions. When switch S is closed, the motor lifts a
are all at their maximum brightness. 0,35 kg mass vertically upwards at a constant speed of 0,4 m∙s-1. Assume that there is no energy
conversion into heat and sound.

T
12 V A B C Electric motor
4W 6W 10 W ● ●
S
●
● 0,4 m∙s-1
6.1.1 Calculate the resistance of the 4 W bulb. (3)
6.1.2 How will the equivalent resistance of the circuit change if the 6 W bulb burns out?
ε = 12 V
Write down only INCREASES, DECREASES or NO CHANGE. (1) 0,35 kg
6.1.3 How will the power dissipated by the 10 W bulb change if the 6 W bulb burns out? Write down 0,2 Ω
only INCREASES, DECREASES or NO CHANGE. Give a reason for the answer. (2)

6.2 A learner connects a high-resistance voltmeter across a battery. The voltmeter reads 6 V. 7.2.1 Calculate the value of X. (3)
She then connects a 6 Ω resistor across the battery. The voltmeter now reads 5 V. 7.2.2 Calculate the resistance of resistor T. (5)
[21]
6.2.1 Calculate the internal resistance of the battery. (4)

Terms, definitions, questions & answers Terms, definitions, questions & answers
Physical Sciences P1 (Physics) Gr 12 44 FS/2020 Physical Sciences P1 (Physics) Gr 12 45 FS/2020

QUESTION 8 9.2 A battery with an emf of 20 V and an internal ε = 20 V

8.1 The emf and internal resistance of a certain battery were determined experimentally. resistance of 1 Ω is connected to three resistors, 1Ω
The circuit used for the experiment is shown in the diagram below. as shown in the circuit alongside.
8.1.1 State Ohm's law in words. (2)
Calculate the:
9.2.1 Current in the 8 Ω resistor (6) 5Ω 10 Ω
9.2.2 Potential difference across the
5 Ω resistor (4)
9.2.3 Total power supplied by the battery (3)
[19] 8Ω
QUESTION 10
10.1 Learners investigated the relationship between potential difference (V) and current (I) for the
combination of two resistors, R1 and R2.

In one experiment, resistors R1 and R2 were

connected in parallel.
The data obtained from the experiment is
plotted on the graph sheet alongside. In a second experiment, resistors R1 and R2
were connected in series.

The learners then plotted graph X, the results of

one of the experiments, and graph Y, the results
of the other experiment, as shown.

10.1.1 State Ohm's law in words. (2)

10.1.2 What physical quantity does the
gradient (slope) of the V-I graph
represent? (1)
8.1.2 Draw the line of best fit through the plotted points. Ensure that the line cuts both axes. (2) 10.1.3 Calculate the gradient (slope) of
Use information in the graph to answer QUESTIONS 8.1.3 and 8.1.4. graph X. (2)
8.1.3 Write down the value of the emf (ε) of the battery. (1) 10.1.4 Determine the resistance of
8.1.4 Determine the internal resistance of the battery. (3) resistor R1. (4)
8.2 The circuit diagram shows a battery with an
emf (ε) of 60 V and an unknown internal
resistance r, connected to three resistors. 10.2 The circuit below consists of three resistors, M, N and T, a battery with emf Ɛ and an internal resistance
of 0,9 Ω. The effective resistance between points a and b in the circuit is 6 Ω. The resistance of resistor
A voltmeter connected across the 8 Ω T is 1,5 Ω. When switch S is closed, a high-
resistor reads 21,84 V. resistance voltmeter, V1, across a and b
Calculate the: reads 5 V.

8.2.1 Current in the 8 Ω resistor (3) Calculate the

8.2.2 Equivalent resistance of the 10.2.1 Current delivered by the battery (3)
resistors in parallel (2) 10.2.2 Emf (Ɛ) of the battery (4)
8.2.3 Internal resistance r of the battery (4)
8.2.4 Heat dissipated in the external circuit in 0,2 seconds (3) V2 reads 2,5 V when the switch is closed.
[20]
QUESTION 9 10.2.3 Write down the resistance of N.
9.1 In Circuit 1, three identical light bulbs, P, Q and R, with the same resistance, are connected to a battery (No calculations required.)
with emf ε and negligible internal resistance. Give a reason for the answer. (2)
P Q [18]
9.1.1 How does the brightness of bulb P compare with that
of bulb Q? Give a reason. (2)
R 9.1.2 How does the brightness of bulb P compare with that QUESTION 11
Circuit 1 of bulb R? Give a reason. (2) 11.1 The two graphs alongside show the relationship between
current and potential difference for two different conductors,
P Q X and Y.

A fourth, identical bulb T, with the same resistance as 11.1.1 State Ohm’s law in words. (2)
R
the other three, is connected to the circuit by means of Circuit 2 T
an ordinary wire of negligible resistance, as shown in 11.1.2 Which ONE of the two conductors, X or Y, is ohmic?
Circuit 2. Refer to the graph and give a reason for the answer. (2)
9.1.3 How does the brightness of bulb T compare with
that of bulb R? Give a reason for the answer. (2)

Terms, definitions, questions & answers Terms, definitions, questions & answers
Physical Sciences P1 (Physics) Gr 12 46 FS/2020 Physical Sciences P1 (Physics) Gr 12 47 FS/2020

11.2 In the diagram below, a battery with an emf of 6 V and an internal resistance of 2 Ω, is connected to QUESTION 13
three resistors P, Q and R. A voltmeter V is connected across the battery. The ammeter A has a The battery in the circuit diagram below has an emf of 12 V and an internal resistance of 0,5 Ω. Resistor R has an
negligible resistance. unknown resistance.
13.1 What is the meaning of the following statement?
The emf of the battery is 12 V. (2)

The reading on the ammeter is 2 A when switch S is OPEN.

Calculate the:
13.2 Reading on the voltmeter (3)
13.3 Resistance of resistor R (2)

Switch S is now CLOSED.

13.4 How does this change affect the reading on the
voltmeter? Choose from: INCREASES, DECREASES
or REMAINS THE SAME. Explain the answer. (4)
[11]

11.2.1 Calculate the ammeter reading when switch S is closed. (5)

QUESTION 14
The switch S is now open. Learners perform an experiment to determine the emf (ε) and the internal resistance (r) of a battery using the
circuit below. The learners use their recorded readings of current and resistance, together with the equation
ε
11.2.2 Will the ammeter reading in QUESTION 11.2.1 INCREASE, DECREASE or REMAIN R = I – r, to obtain the graph below.
THE SAME? Give a reason for the answer. (2)
11.2.3 How will the voltmeter reading now compare with the voltmeter reading when the
switch is closed? Choose from INCREASE, DECREASE or REMAIN THE SAME. (1)
11.2.4 Explain the answer to QUESTION 11.2.3. (3)
[15]
QUESTION 12
12.1 In the circuit diagram below the battery has an unknown emf (ε) and an internal resistance (r)
of 0,8 Ω.
12.1.1 State Ohm’s law in words. (2)
14.1 Which variable has to be kept
The reading on ammeter A2 is 0,6 A when
constant in the experiment? (1)
switch S is closed. Calculate the:
Refer to the graph.
12.1.2 Reading on voltmeter V1 (3)
12.1.3 Current through the 6 Ω resistor (2)
14.2 Write down the value of the internal
12.1.4 Reading on voltmeter V2 (2)
resistance of the cell. (2)
12.1.5 Emf (ε) of the battery (3)
12.1.6 Energy dissipated as heat inside the
14.3 Calculate the emf of the battery. (3)
battery if the current flows in the circuit
[6]
for 15 s (3)
QUESTION 15
15.1 Three identical light bulbs, A, B and C, are each rated at 6 W, 12 V.
15.1.1 Define the term power. (2)
15.1.2 Calculate the resistance of EACH bulb when used as rated. (3)

The light bulbs are connected in a circuit with a battery having an emf (ε) of 12 V and internal
resistance (r) of 2 Ω. Refer to the diagram.
12.2 A simplified circuit diagram for the windscreen wiper of a car consists of a variable resistor and a
Assume that the resistance of each light bulb is the
wiper motor connected to a 12 volt battery. When switch S is closed, the potential difference across
same as that calculated in QUESTION 15.1.2.
the variable resistor is 2,8 V and the current passing through it is 0,7 A.
Switch S is closed.
12.2.1 Calculate the resistance of the variable
15.1.3 Calculate the total current in the circuit. (5)
resistor. (2)
15.1.4 Calculate the potential difference across light
bulb C. (3)
The resistance of the variable resistor is now decreased.
15.1.5 Explain why light bulb C in the circuit will NOT
burn at its maximum brightness. (3)
12.2.2 State whether the speed at which the wiper turns
will INCREASE, DECREASE or REMAIN THE
SAME. Give a reason for the answer. (3)
[20]

Terms, definitions, questions & answers Terms, definitions, questions & answers
Physical Sciences P1 (Physics) Gr 12 48 FS/2020

15.2 Resistors A, B, C and D are connected to a battery having emf (ε) and negligible internal resistance, as
shown in the diagram below.

15.2.1 Give a reason why the current in resistor A is greater than that in resistor C. (2)
15.2.2 Resistor C is removed. How will the current in resistor B compare to the current in A? Give a reason
for the answer. (2)
[20]
QUESTION 16
In the circuit diagram, resistor R, with a resistance of 5,6 Ω, is
connected, together with a switch, an ammeter and a high-
resistance voltmeter, to a battery with an unknown internal
resistance, r.
The resistance of the connecting wires and the ammeter may be
ignored.

The graph below shows the potential difference across the

terminals of the battery as a function of time. At time t 1, switch S is
closed.

16.1 Define the term emf of a battery. (2)

16.2 Write down the value of the emf of the battery. (1)
16.3 When switch S is CLOSED, calculate the:
16.3.1 Current through resistor R (3)
16.3.2 Power dissipated in resistor R (3)
16.3.3 Internal resistance, r, of the battery (3)

16.4 Two IDENTICAL resistors, each with resistance X, are now connected in the same circuit with switch S
closed, as shown below.

The ammeter reading now increases to 4 A.

16.4.1 How would the voltmeter reading change? Choose from INCREASES, DECREASES or
REMAINS THE SAME. Give a reason for the answer by referring to Vinternal resistance. (2)
16.4.2 Calculate resistance X. (5)
[19]

Terms, definitions, questions & answers