Grade 11 MID-YEAR 2024

EKURHULENI NORTH DISTRICT

MID-YEAR EXAM PAPER

MARKING GUIDELINE

SUBJECT : GEOGRAPHY

GRADE : 11

TERM : TWO

TIME : 3 hours

TOTAL : 150

DATE : 30 MAY

This question paper consists of 16 pages

MAP: 3224BC Graaff-Reinet

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Grade 11 MID-YEAR 2024

MARKING PRINCIPLES FOR GEOGRAPHY

The following marking principles have been developed to standardise marking in all provinces.

MARKING
• ALL questions MUST be marked, irrespective of whether it is correct or incorrect M
• Where the maximum marks have been allocated for a particular question, place an over
the remainder of the text to indicate the maximum marks have been achieved.
• A clear, neat tick must be used: ✓
o If ONE mark is allocated, ONE tick must be used: ✓
o If TWO marks are allocated, TWO ticks must be used: ✓✓
o The tick must be placed at the FACT that a mark is being allocated for
o Ticks must be kept SMALL, as various layers of moderation may take place
• Incorrect answers must be marked with a clear, neat cross: 
o Use MORE than one cross across a paragraph/discussion style questions to indicate that all
facts have been considered
o Do NOT draw a line through an incorrect answer
o Do NOT underline the incorrect facts

For the following action words, ONE word answers are acceptable: list, name, state, identify
For the following action words, a FULL sentence must be written: describe, explain, evaluate, analyse,
suggest, differentiate, distinguish, define, discuss, why, how
The following action words need to be read within its context to determine whether a ONE- word answer
or FULL sentence is required: provide, what, tabulate and give

NOTE THE FOLLOWING

• If the numbering is incorrect or left out, as long as the sequence of answers to questions is followed
candidates can be credited
• Spelling errors if recognisable, award the marks provided the meaning is correct.
• Be sensitive to the sense of an answer, which may be stated in a different way
• In questions where a letter is the accepted response, but the learner writes the actual answer-
award marks. .

TOTALLING AND TRANSFERRING OF MARKS

• Each sub-question must be totalled

o Questions in Section A has five sub-sections, therefore five sub-totals per question required.
Section B has three sub-sections and three sub-totals.
o Sub-section totals to be written in the right-hand margin at the end of the sub-section and
underlined
o Sub-totals must be written legibly
o Leave room to write in moderated marks on different levels
• Total sub-totals and transfer total to top left-hand margin next to question number
• Transfer total to cover of answer book

MODERATION
Marking at each level of moderation is done in the same way as the initial marking. All marking
guidelines must be observed.
If a point is changed to moderation for a sub-question, the moderator should deadten the marker's
mark and write down the new point as follows, 12 16
The total for the question must be calculated again, and the previous total must be drawn dead, and the
new total must be written down as follows, 26 36

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SECTION A: THE ATMOSPHERE AND GEOMORPHOLOGY

QUESTION 1: THE ATMOSPHERE

1.1 1.1.1 C (1) Inter Tropical Convergence Zone

1.1.2 A (1) Sub-tropical LP

1.1.3 D (1) Sub-Polar LP

1.1.4 A (1) ii and iii

1.1.5 A (1) Polar Front

1.1.6 C (1) i and iv

1.1.7 B (1) Coriolis force

1.1.8 B (1) Ferrelcell

(8 x 1) (8)

1.2.1 Y (1) warms

1.2.2 Z (1) anti-clockwise

1.2.3 Y (1) ascending (rising)

1.2.4 Z (1) High to low

1.2.5 Y (1) Anti-cyclone

1.2.6 Z (1) Cyclone

1.2.7 Z (1) Low

(7 x 1) (7)

Kopiereg
Grade 11 MID-YEAR 2024

1.3 Refer to the information on Fohn winds below.

Source: adapted from thedailyeco.com

Regions under the influence of fohn winds experience warmer, drier climates
and a longer crop growing season than they otherwise would. However, it is
the fohn’s adverse effects that grab the headlines. The warmth it brings can
increase the risk of avalanches in ski resorts, cause glacial melt and
downstream flooding and contribute to the disintegration of ice shelves in the
polar regions. Fohn windstorms regularly cause damage to property and
infrastructure. The combination of warm, dry air and high wind speeds promote
the ignition and rapid spread of veldfires.
Source: adapted from metoffice.gov.uk

1.3.1 What is a Fohn wind? (1 x 2) (2)

Föhn is a type of dry, relatively warm, downslope wind that

occurs in the lee (downwind side) of a mountain range (2)

1.3.2 Would the Fohn wind develop on slope X or Y on the sketch? (1 x 1) (1)

X (1)

1.3.3 Identify both slopes X and Y as leeward or windward respectively.

(2 x 1) (2)
X Windward (1)

Y Leeward (1)

1.3.4 Discuss (with evidence from the graph/sketch) how the Fohn wind
develops. (2 x 2) (4)

As the wind sinks on the leeward side (2)

The wind warms up at the dry adiabatic lapse rate (2)
The temperature of the air increases as altitude decreases (2)
(Any TWO)
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Grade 11 MID-YEAR 2024

1.3.5 Explain the impacts of the Fohn wind on the local (natural)
environment, as evident in the case study. (3 x 2) (6)

Warmer temperature cause avalanches (2)

Wildfires develop because of high wind speed and warm dry air
(2)
Disintegration of ice shelves because of higher temperatures (2)
Glacial melt because of higher temperatures (2)
Downstream flooding because of glaciers melting (2)
Warmers conditions because of adiabatic heating (2)
Drier conditions because of adiabatic heating (2)
(Any THREE)
[15]

1. 4 Refer to the diagram on Monsoon winds in India.

SOURCE: https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/storms/monsoons

1.4.1 Give the definision of Monsoon winds. (1 x 2) (2)

Monsoon is a seasonal wind that changes directions in the

different seasons. (2)

1.4.2 (a) Identify the season in sketch B. (1 x 1) (1)

Summer season (1)

(b) Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 1.4.2 (a). (2 x 2) (4)

The air moves from a high pressure to a low pressure and

in summer the low pressure is on land. (2)
The wind travel from the ocean which causes heavy
rainfall (2)

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Grade 11 MID-YEAR 2024

1.4.3 Describe the role of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the

formation of monsoon wind A and B respectively. (2 x 2) (4)

The ITKZ moves north and south depending on the way the earth
is tilted. (2)
A - In the winter months the ITKZ is further south than in the
summer months. (2)
This helps with the formation of a low pressure on the ocean in
winter (2)
B - In the summer months the ITKZ is further north than in the
winter months. (2)
This helps with the formation of a low pressure on the continent
in summer (2)
(Any TWO. Must refer to both A and B)

1.4.4 Discuss ONE negative and ONE positive effect of the monsoon wind
as identified B. (2 x 2) (4)

Negative:
Flooding due to the rainfall (2)
Increase in death of the animals and people in the area due to
flooding (2)

Positive:
There is rainfall this means that the crops will be able to grow (2)
The people will have access to water all year (2)
(Any TWO. Must refer to ONE positive and ONE negative)
[15]

1.5 Verwys na die infografika oor droogtes en verwoestyning

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Grade 11 MID-YEAR 2024

.
Desertification and Drought Day 2024

Today’s world is at cross-roads. At no other point in history has humanity faced such
an array of risks and hazards.

The global theme of Desertification and Drought Day 17 June 2024, “United for land.
Our Legacy. Our Future,” emphasizes the transformative power of sustainable land
management as a key solution to today’s challenges – a blueprint to a better future
on land for future generations. The theme is a clarion call to a recharged global acton
on land restoration and drought resilience.

MAIN CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE, DROUGHT AND DECERTIFICATION

Source: esearchgate.net/figure/Pie-graph-showing-the-main-causes-of-climate-change-observed-by-the-
respondents-in-the_fig2_334479044

1.5.1 Differentiate between desertification and drought. (2 x 2) (4)

Drought is a prolonged period of time without rainfall (concept) (2)

Desertification on the other hand is defined as a process of land
degradation in arid, semi-arid (2)

1.5.2 Give the date on which the Desertification and Drought Day 2024 will
be observed. (1 x 1) (1)

17 June 2024. (1)

1.5.3 Discuss how drought can lead to desertification. (1 x 2) (2)

Drought is a natural hazard originating from a deficiency of

precipitation that results in a water shortage, if it prolongs for a
long time it will result in the degradation of the area to arid area (2)

1.5.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss possible

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Grade 11 MID-YEAR 2024

measures that can be introduced to reduce impacts of Drought and

Desertification. (4 x 2) (8)

Plant more trees — the roots of trees hold the soil together and
help reduce soil erosion from wind and rain. (2)
Improving the quality of the soil - this can be managed by
encouraging people to reduce the number of grazing animals
they have and grow crops instead. (2)
Water board - water can be disturbed in damme /vore/reservoirs.(
2)
Save water during re-enseison in damme /vore/reservoirs . ( 2)
Use windmills to extract groundwater. (2)
Educate people about the sustainable use of water. (2)
Waterbronne buffer. (2)
Practice sustainable farming methods (accept example
such as contour plow, rotational grazing (2)
Ground cover - natural vegetation (2)
Remove alien/exotic vegetation (2)
(Any FOUR)

[15]
TOTAL FOR QUESTION1: 60

QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY

2.1 2.1.1 Back wasting.

2.1.2 Blyde river canyon (1)

2.1.3 concave slope (1)

2.1.4 horizontal strata (1)

2.1.5 lopolith (1)

2.1.6 Batholith (1)

2.1.7 Hilly Landscapes (1)

2.1.8 hogsback (1) (8 x 1) (8)

2.2 2.2.1 A (1)

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Grade 11 MID-YEAR 2024

2.2.2 B (1)

2.2.3 C (1)

2.2.4 D (1)

2.2.5 E (1)

2.2.6 D (1)

2.2.7 A. (1)
(7 x 1) (7)

2.3 Study the photo of the Karoo landscape below before answering the questions.

B C B A

C
A

2.3.1 The strata indicated on the diagram are (horizontal/oblique ) strata.

(1 x 1) (1)
Horizontal (1)

2.3.2 Identif landforms A, B and C on the photo above. (3 x 1) (3)

A – Pinnacle (1)
B - Butte (1)
C - Mesa (1)

2.3.3 Name the main type of erosion involved in the development of the
landforms identified in QUESTION 2.3.2. (1 x 1). (1)

Back wasting (1)

wind erosion (1)
(Any ONE)

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Grade 11 MID-YEAR 2024

2.3.4 Describe how a plateau ultimately transitions or changes over time to

result in the development of feature C, B and A. (3 x 2) (6)

A River flows on the plateau and erodes into the hard rock (2)
When the softer rock is exposed wind erosion will start to erose
the softer layer (2)
As the layer erodes the hard rock will become unstable and fall (2)
This process will repeat until a Mesa is formed (C). (2)
The sides of the Mesa will erode until a Butte (B) is formed. (2)
The process will continue until the pinnacle (A) is formed. (2)
(Any THREE)

2.3.5 Discuss how a karoo landscape can be used positively for human
activities. (2 x 2) (4)

a Karroo landscape is usually a drier area which means no farming

(2) can take place.
Only cattle like sheep or Ostridge (2) can be kept in these areas.
Eco-tourism can take place in these areas which will generate an
income for the people in the area. (2)
Tourism can cause more industries to be developed which will
also contribute to the area. (2)
(Any TWO)
[15]

2.4 Refer to the infographic about the Paarl rock and answer the questions.

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Grade 11 MID-YEAR 2024

2.4.1 Provide the definition for a batholith. (1 x 2) (2)

A Batholith is a large intrusive igneous rock formed inside the

earths layers when magma is pushed into the layers (2)

2.4.2 Name the TWO structures that form the Paarl Rocks. (2 x 1) (2)

Britannia Rock (1) and Gordon Rock (1)

2.4.3 The type of rock this structure consists of is (igneous/metabolic). (1 x 1) (1)

Igneous (1)

2.4.4 Describe the weathering processes that exposed the batholith as the
Paarl rock. (3 x 2) (6)

The batholith is formed in the crust of the earth when magma is

pushed into the layers. (2)
Here are cools down and forms the igneous rock (2)
The surrounding area consists of softer material which can be
eroded quicker (2) and exposes the batholith to the atmosphere.

2.4.5 Explain how this landform can be of an economic advantage for the
local community. (2 x 2) (4)

The landform is a tourist attraction and generates an income from

the people who come to see it (2).
When the tourist is in the area they will also go and see the other
attractions like the winelands (2) which will also boast the economy.
The shops and novelty shops also make money from the tourist by
selling products to them. (2)
(Any TWO)
[15]

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Grade 11 MID-YEAR 2024

2.5 Refer to INFOGRAPHIC showing the impact of mass movement.

Cape Town - The Western Cape Provincial Traffic Services have implemented
road closures along the R44 due to rockfall and mudslides after heavy rains and
thunderstorms hit the Western Cape.
According to the department’s spokesperson, Jandré Bakker: “The R44 Clarence Drive
is still closed to traffic due to rockfalls and mudslides.
Provincial Traffic Officers closed the
roadway in Gordon’s Bay, Rooi Els,
and at the Kleinmond crossing.
“Road maintenance teams are
working hard to clear the scene and
reopen the route.

Meiringspoort in the Klein Karoo as

well as the N1 at De Doorns have
been reopened. “But the Ceres
Touws River Road remains closed at
the Theronsberg Pass.”
Published Dec 13, 2022

[Source: https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/western-cape/capes-scenic-clarence-drive-closed-due-to-
rockfalls]

2.5.1 Provide a definition for Mass Movements. (1 x 2) (2)

Movement of loose materials downslope due to gravity (concept) (2)

2.5.2 Identify the types of Mass Movements, mentioned in the extract.

(2 x 1) (2)
rockfalls (1)
mudslides (1)

2.5.3 According to the extract, what was the main cause of the Mass
Movements mentioned in QUESTION 2.5.2. (1 x 1) (1)

Heavy rains (1)

Thunderstorms (1)
(Any ONE)

2.5.4 Discuss the implications for motorists, caused by the mass

movement discussed in the infographic. (2 x 1) (2)

Road closure leads to fuel costs (2)

Road maintenance teams need to be paid (2)
People travel longer routes therefore late to work (2)
Roads need repairs (2)
(ANY TWO)

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 Grade 11 MID-YEAR 2024

2.5.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, possible strategies which

local government can consider for future planning, to minimize the
effects of the Mass Movement. (4 x 2) (8)

Rock fall fences prevents loose rocks from falling (2)

Put up signs to warn people (2)
Build walls to prevent mudslides/falling rocks (2)
Construct fences to prevent falling rocks
Construct barriers and retaining walls (2)
Install drainage pipes (2)
Terracing the slope to reduce the steepness (2)
Revegetation to stabilize the slope (2).
Rockfalls can be controlled or eliminated by the use of rock bolts,
cables, and screens (2)
Cutting back slopes to lesser gradients.(2)
(Any FOUR)
[15]

SECTION B: GEOGRAPHIC SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES

QUESTION 3.1 GEOGRAPHIC SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS

3.1 3.1.1 B (1) / (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.2 C (1) / 20m (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.3 Calculate the area in km that the orthophoto covers on the topographic
map. Show all steps.
.
Formula = Length x Width (3 x 1) (3)

Length: 21 (1) cm x 0.1 km = 2,1 km

Width: 19 (1) cm x 0.1 km = 1,9 km
Area = length x width
= 2,1 km x 1,9 km
= 3,99 km² (1)

3.1.4 Calculate the Present Magnetic Declination of the topographic map by

completing the following steps: (5 x 1) (5)

(a) Difference in years: 2024 – 2009 = 15 (1) years

(b) Average annual change: 7’W (1)

(c) Total annual change: 15 x 7’W = 105’W = 1°45´(1)

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Grade 11 MID-YEAR 2024

(d) Magnetic declination:

= 25º07’West of True North +(1) 1°45´W of TN
= 26º52’ (1) West of True North:
[10]

QUESTION 3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION

Refer to the topographic map.

3.2 3.2.1 Identify the rainfall in the area (seasonal/yearly). (1 x 1) (1)

Seasonal (1)

3.2.2 (a) Identify the weathering feature surrounding the non-perennial

river in block E9. (1 x 1) (1)

Erosion (1)

(b) Explain why the weathering feature in QUESTION 3.2.2(a) would

be this severe in this area. (2 x 2) (4)

No vegetation (2)
The area only has seasonal rain which result in drying out of
soil (2)
During a rainstorm the water flows at a high speed that will
erode the area (2)
(Any TWO)

3.2.3 Discuss the function of the wall in block G9 on the topographic map.
(1 x 2) (2)

The wall in that area is to catch wat river water in a dam (2)
the wall is to stabilize the area (2)

3.2.4 (a) Identify the landform of Spandaukop in blok E3. (1 x 1) (1)

Pinnacle hill (1)

(b) Discuss the reason why the settlement cannot be developed in

the direction of Spandaukop in blok E3. (1 x 2) (2)

The contour lines are very close together which means the
area is too steep for the settlement to develop in that area (2)

Refer to the orthophoto map.

3.2.5 Identify the land use/building in block D5 on the orthophoto map. (1 x 1) (1)

Police (1)
[12]
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Grade 11 MID-YEAR 2024

QUESTION 3.3 GEOGRAPHYCAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS

3.3 3.3.1 (a) Define the term data manipulation. (1 x 2) (2)

Data manipulation is to manipulate the information without

changing the data. (2)

(b) Give ONE example how data was manipulated to create an

orthophoto map. (1 x 1) (1)

Add map symbols (1)

Add height indications (contour lines, trigonometrical
stations spot height) (1)
(Any ONE)

3.3.2 (a) Differentiate between spatial and attribute data. (2 x 2) (4)

Spatial data provides the information that identifies the

location of features and boundaries on Earth. (2)
Attribute data are the information linked to the geographic
features. (2)

(b) Choose the right word in brackets. An example of attribute data

is (buildings/contour lines). (1 x 1) (1)

Contour lines (1)

[8]

TOTAL FOR SECTION B [30]

GRAND TOTAL [150]

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