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TEACHER'S HANDBOOK

For
Shakespeare's

Julius Caesar
Workbook
Classes-9 & 10
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2
 William Shakespeare's
Julius Caesar
Act I, Scene 1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. (a) 2.(b) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (c)

7.(b) 8.(b) 9. (b) 10. (c) 11. (b) 12.(d)
13. (c) 14.(b) 15. (c) 16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (a)
19. (c) 20. (a) 21. (b) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (a)
25. (c) 26.(b) 27. (a)

CONTEXT QUESTIONS

QUESTION-1

1. Marullus, one of the tribunes; speaks to one of the citizens who are rejoicing in a
street in Rome.
2. 'He' referred to in the first line is Caesar. The speaker wants to convey that Caesar
has brought no wealth to the state. So, there is no cause for rejoicing.
3. The conquest referred to in this extract is Caesar's victory over Pompey and his sons.
The conqueror has not brought any territories because it was just victory in a civil
war, and not on any foreign foe.
4. The speaker shows his anger to the listeners by calling them blocks, stones, heartless
persons. He asks them to go to their work.
5. (a) No tributaries have been added to the state by Caesar's victory. No foreign
enemy has been captured to fill coffers of the state.
(b) Caesar has not captured and chained any slaves to the chariot wheels to seek
money from them. This victory is not at all glorious.

QUESTION-2

1. He is one of the tribunes. He is angry with the citizens for neglecting their work and
rejoicing in the street.
2. The citizens are out on the streets because it is the feast of the Lupercal. Besides,
they are rejoicing and making merry at Caesar's victory over Pompey.
3. The second citizen has said earlier that he can mend him (Marullus). In fact he uses
pun. His trade is mending the soles. He is a cobbler.

Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 3

 4. (a) (i) It means that if you feel annoyed. It also means that if you go out and wear
your shoes out, your shoes will have to be mended.
(ii) There is a pun once again on 'mend'. It means the cobbler will mend the
shoes. It also implies that he can 're-cover' his shoes.
5. The second citizen reveals his identity in a round about manner by using 'pun' on
the word 'mend'. He says that he is a cobbler, a mender of the soles of the shoes.

( QUESTION-3 )

1. Marullus is referring to Pompey and his victories in earlier times. Then the people
would gather on walls and battlements, towers and windows to see 'Pompey's
chariot pass through the streets of Rome.
2. 'Replication' means echo and 'concave shore' means the hollow rocks which formed
the banks of the Tiber.
The last two lines mean that people in their excitement and joy shouted and raised
slogans in so high pitched voices, that it appeared that the river Tiber trembled with
her hollow banks to hear the repeated echoes of the sound and noise made by the
crowd.
3. Marullus tells them to run back to their houses and fall upon their knees and pray to
God to protect them the punishment for their ingratitude.
4. Marullus makes them feel guilty of ingratitude because they had applauded
Pompey for his victories. But now they have forgotten Pompey and are rejoicing
over Caesar's triumph over Pompey and his sons.
5. Marullus's reprimand has the desired effect on the people. They immediately
comply with the orders and disperse.

( QUESTION-4 )

1. Flavius has asked Marullus to go down towards the Capitol and strip off all the
symbols of Caesar's victories. All decorations made in Caesar's honour should be
removed.
2. Marullus is hesitant to carry out the orders of Flavius because it is the day of the feast
of Lupercal, which is celebrated on 15 th of February, in honour of the Roman god
Luperus, the god of fertility.
3. Flavius takes upon himself the task of driving away the common people from the
street. He also tries to ensure to check on Caesar's growing popularity.
4. Trophies are decorations like flower wreaths, neck garlands and scarves. Flavius
wants that no images of Caesar's victory be left because he wishes Caesar not to be
popular and beloved of the people.
5. Flavius is more assertive than Marullus because of his bitter hostility towards Caesar
whose wings he wants to cut to keep him at a low level.

4 Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10

 QUESTION-5
1. Flavius is speaking with Marullus. He is a official chosen by the plebeians to protect
their interest.
He was elected to protect the rights of the common people.
2. The expression 'growing feathers' refers to rapidly increasing power and popularity
of Caesar as a ruler.
3. Flavius, being a supporter of Pompey, dislikes Caesar's growing power. He is in
favour of a democratic form of government. He wants to put a check on Caesar's
growing popularity. Just as the wings of a young hawk are plucked to make him like
ordinary birds contented to fly at ordinary height, in the same way Caesar's power
checked by them would make him act like ordinary persons.
4. Flavius and Marullus with whom he is talking are afraid of Caesar's growing power.
They are afraid that Caesar would become a despotic ruler and they would have
their freedom curtailed.
5. The feast of Lupercal refers to a festival celebrated on 15th February in Rome. It was
celebrated in honour of Lupercus, an ancient Italian god of shepherds, flocks and
herds to ensure the fertility of the animal during spring.
Act I, Scene 2
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4.(a) 5. (a) 6. (c)

7.(a) 8.(b) 9. (c) 10. (c) 11. (b) 12. (c)
13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (a) 16.(a) 17. (a) 18. (c)
19. (c) 20.(a)
CONTEXT QUESTIONS

QUESTION-1

1. The soothsayer called out to Caesar. He warned Caesar to beware of the Ides of
March i.e., of the 15th of March.
2. Here 'Press' means crowd. Another meaning of 'press' is the mob, the big crowd of
the common people.
3. Caesar being deaf of one ear turns his other ear to listen. He challenges the speaker
warning him to come to his face and say what he has to say.
4. Caesar does not take the warning of the speaker seriously. He just dismisses the
speaker calling him a dreamer not to be taken notice of.
5. It is his wife who later warns Caesar as she had a terrible dream of Caesar's death.
Caesar is shown as haughty and boastful.

Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 5

( QUESTION-2 )

1. Brutus and Cassius are at a public place. It is the occasion of the feast of Lupercal.
The scene is soon after Caesar exits.
2. Cassius has observed lately that Brutus' manner has become hard and he lacks the
gentle look of friendship.
3. Brutus says that he is in no mood for games and frivolous activities. He tells Cassius
that he lacks lively temperament which Antony has.
4. Brutus tells Cassius that he is suffering from internal conflict. That is why his attitude
towards his friends has changed. It means no offence or neglect to friends, but he has
failed to show customary respect and courtesies to others.
5. Cassius has his own selfish motive in showing his friendship towards Brutus. He
wants to poison Brutus' mind by speaking about the growing powers and popularity
of Caesar whereas Brutus is no less than Caesar in any way.

( QUESTION-3 )

1. Cassius goes on to tell Brutus that people hold him (Brutus) in high esteem and
Brutus is unaware of his goodness and nobility. People are lamenting that the
oppression by Caesar is not being noticed by Brutus.
2. Brutus refers to the dangerous insinuations made by Cassius. Brutus says that he is
not aware of what oppression is there because being a close friend of Caesar, he does
not notice Caesar's tyranny.
3. Cassius offers to be Brutus' mirror to reflect the latter's virtues about which Brutus is
still unaware.
4. Cassius assures Brutus that he (Cassius) is never non-serious. He does not talk
insincere or false things. He is a trusted friend who is loyal in friendship.
5. Brutus portrays himself as a well wisher of the common people. He is ready to stake
his honour for the sake of Rome if it faces tyranny.

( QUESTION-4 )

1. Brutus and Cassius are alone together after the exit of Caesar at the Lupercal
festivities because they are discussing the affairs of the state in the wake of Caesar's
triumph over Pompey and his sons.
2. Brutus is not in favour of Caesar becoming king because he fears republicanism can
be in danger if all powers are vested in one person.
3. Cassius highlights Caesar's weaknesses as:
(1) he proved to be a poor swimmer when challenged to leap into the turbulent
waters of the river Tiber and
(2) Caesar cried like a helpless girl when he was stricken with fever in Spain.

6 Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10

 4. Cassius compares 'Brutus and Cassius' that when pronounced they have the same
emphasis and sound as good as that of Caesar.
5. The word 'fear' signifies some happening unfavourable to the individual as well as
to any wellwisher of the state. Cassius interprets the word 'fear' to arouse Brutus's
spirits to rise against Caesar.

( QUESTION-5 )

1. Cassius speaks these lines. Aeneas was the founder of Rome. When the Greeks
burned and looted Troy after ten years of seize, Aeneas rescued his father Anchises
carrying him on his back.
2. Cassius compares himself to Aeneas because just as Aeneas saved his father in crisis,
in the same way he (Cassius) saved Caesar from being carried away by the strong
waves of the river Tiber.
3. This 'man' referred to here is Caesar. The speaker bears a grudge against Caesar who
is not stronger or better than him in any way.
4. The speaker (Cassius) compares Caesar to God sarcastically, meaning that Caesar is
no God at all.
5. This speech of the speaker shows his jealousy for Caesar whom he does not consider
so great as he has been made to be believed.

( QUESTION-6 )

1. The word 'jealous' in this context means 'doubt'; so nothing jealous means without
doubt or very sure.
2. Brutus is aware that he has the complete understanding of Cassius' motive, which
is to seek Brutus' approval and consent to join his enterprise in killing Caesar.
3. Brutus assures Cassius that he will think over the plan chalked out by Cassius
sincerely and seriously. This makes Cassius glad.
4. Caesar accompanied by his followers enters the scene soon after Brutus and Cassius
have discussed the plan.
5. Cassius decides to pluck i.e., stop Casca by the sleeve to know from him what
happened that day.

( QUESTION-7 )

1. Caesar addresses these words to Mark Antony. Antony tries to assure Caesar that
Cassius is not a dangerous person; he is inclined to do good.
2. Caesar is not convinced by Antony's words because he wishes that Cassius should
have been fat. Lean or hungry looks of a man are dangerous, according to Caesar.
3. Caesar explains why such a person is to be feared. Cassius reads too much. He is
a great observer and his sharp eyes can read the character of men and discover
their motives. Men such as Cassius who have no smiles and love no music are
dangerous.
Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 7
 4. A little later we are told that Caesar could not bear the foul smell of the shouting
crowds. He suffered from falling sickness i.e., epileptic fit. His mouth was foaming
and he was unable to speak.
5. Caesar truly judged Cassius' character. It was Cassius who became dangerous out of
his jealousy towards Caesar.

QUESTION-8

1. Casca described that Caesar was offered a crown thrice at the feast though it was
declined each time it was offered.
2. Casca says that offering the crown and its decline by Caesar was all a mere foolery.
First, it was not a crown, it was just a garland of flowers. Second, Caesar rejected it,
though he wished to have it. Three, he fell into falling sickness at the frenzy of the
crowd.
3. Casca gave the information that the tribunes - Flavius and Marullus, were dismissed
from their posts for pulling down decorations from Caesar image.
4. Brutus had a poor opinion of Casca. According to him, Casca had grown into a
dull and stupid fellow, though he was quite sharp when he was at school. Cassius
contradicts Brutus by saying that Casca is still quite dependable.
5. At the end of the scene Cassius says that though Brutus is a noble person, he is easily
influenced by persons like him.
Act I, Scene 3
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (a)

7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (a) 11. (b) 12. (a)
13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (a) 16. (d)

CONTEXT QUESTIONS
QUESTION-1
1. Casca has just assured Cassius that, he is a trusted man who never betrays a friends'
confidence. He has given him his hand that he is fully prepared to join the conspiracy
to redress the wrongs.
2. It is Casca who gives the first stab to Caesar later on when the conspirators have
gathered around Caesar to kill him.
3. The noble-minded Roman alluded to, is Brutus who is acclaimed by all as noble and
honourable. Brutus was considered Caesar's friend. He was a respectable official of
Rome and beloved of the people.
4. This 'enterprise' is the conspiracy, a plot to kill Caesar in order to save the country
from tyranny. It was 'honourable' because it was supposed to be noble and for
republicanism. But it was full of dangerous consequences as it could lead to the civil
strife which is considered very dangerous for any country.

8 Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10

 5. The two men Cassius and Casca are joined by Cinna. He has been given a paper and
asked to put it in the chair where Brutus sits so that he reads it.

( QUESTION-2 )

1. Cassius speaks these lines to Casca. The speaker is hinting at Caesar.

2. The Romans are now more inspired by their mother's spirits and the manner. So they
are weak and timid like women. They are ready to submit to oppression.
3.
4. Cassius compares the man (Julius Caesar) to him and his associates. He believes that
that man is not superior to them, but he has become extraordinary and terrible.
5. Cassius wants to convey that the man (Caesar) is in no way superior to him or others.
It is the people who have given him undue importance and undeserved honours that
have made him threatening and fearful.
6. Cassius refers to the stormy weather to equate it with their enterprise which is
'bloody, fiery and terrible.' He wants Casca to commit his loyalty to their cause,
justified by the stormy heavens.

( QUESTION-3 )

1. Cassius fears that if Caesar is crowned, the latter will behave like a tyrant. In that
case, the Romans will be treated as slaves, whereas he himself is concerned he will
kill himself with the dagger than submit to slavery.
2. Cassius will in no case submit to Caesar's slavery. He will liberate from any bondage
by killing himself. To him death is honourable to slavery.
3. The gods have inspired the weak to stand against the tyrants fearlessly. By taking
cudgels against the tyrants even the weak have defeated the designs of the tyrants.
4. Cassius is very shrewd. He stirs the spirit of Casca by saying that the strong men of
the day have lost their manly qualities and have embraced women's spirits.
5. Cassius has portrayed himself as very courageous, fearless and a lover of liberty,
ready to fight for republicanism. He is ready to die for the noble cause.

( QUESTION-4 )

1. According to Cassius the Romans are themselves to be blamed for Caesar's growing
powers and the consequent tyranny. Caesar is behaving like a lion because the
Romans have become sheep, timid or spineless.
2. Cassius tries to emphasise the point that the Romans are like the waste stuff, dirt or
refuse and they deserve to be treated the way Caesar is treating them.
3. Cassius is very shrewd and he plays on Casca's emotions by saying that Casca seems
to have accepted his bondage. He tauntingly says that he (Cassius) is ready and
armed to defened himself whereas Casca is happy to welcome slavery.
Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 9
 4. Casca assures Cassius of his support by saying that he is a trustworthy friend, who is
always serious to support a noble and honourable enterprise.
5. Cassius tries to instill a sense of encouragement in Casca in joining the conspiracy.
He assures Casca that he has already ensured the support of some noble and
honourable men in this enterprise. These noblemen are waiting for him in Pompey's
porch.

QUESTION-5

1. Cassius gives Cinna a paper to be put under Brutus' chair. He gives Cinna another
paper to be thrown into Brutus' room through the window and still another paper to
be posted on the statue of Brutus' ancestor.
2. After having completed the task, Cinna should come to Pompey's porch. Cassius is
confident that Brutus has already covered a great path in joining the conspiracy.
3. Casca is keen on Brutus' joining the conspiracy because his approval and support to
their plot will give more sanction and worthiness to their cause.
4. Towards the end of the scene Cassius becomes hopeful that Brutus' consent
is valuable. Cassius has convinced most of the like-minded persons to join the
conspiracy with his crafty arguments and in the name of republicanism.
5. It is the time of past midnight. They are to awaken Brutus and convince him to
win his support.

Specimen Question Paper

Scene -1

Q.1. (i) (a) (ii) (c) (iii) (c) (iv) (b) (v) (c) (vi) (a)
Q.2. (i) The First Citizen is a carpenter. The two signs of his profession are the leather
apron and a ruler. The second citizen is more talkative.
(ii) It means in comparison to. The two meanings of cobbler are 1. a shoemaker 2.
a clumsy workman. Confused Marrulus asks him what his trade is.
(iii) The second citizen is a cobbler. He is unhappy with Marrulus because the
latter talks to him in an insulting tone. That is why he says that he can use his
trade with a clear conscience.
(iv) 'Pun' is the use of one word having two meanings. The cobbler puns upon the
word 'soles'. It means soles of shoes. It also means 'souls'. The implication is
that he can set write bad persons.
(v) The second citizen also puns upon the word 'mend'. He means to say that he
can mend shoes. It also means that he can improve upon the character of a
person.
Q.3. (i) Marullus is a 'tribune', an elected leader with some legal powers. 'You' refers
to the common people of Rome. The word 'his' refers to the chariot of Pompey.

10 Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10

 (ii) Marullus has just called 'you' as stupid as blocks of wood or stone without
feelings. 'you' are called hard hearted because they have forgotten Pompey
and are ungrateful.
(iii) 'you' had made a universal shout of praise when they saw Pumpey's Chariot.
(iv) 'universal shout' means a general shout of applause. When they made this
shout river Tiber trembled within her hollow banks. River Tiber has been
personifed as it trembled like a human being.
(v) He orders 'you' to run to their houses, fall on their knees and pray to gods to
forgive them for their ingratitude. After Marullus, Flavius speaks to 'you'.
He orders 'you' to collect poor men, go to the banks of river Tiber and weep
for their actions.
Scene -2

Q.1. (i) (a) (ii) (a) (iii) 1 (iv) (b) (v) (b) (vi) (c)
Q.2. (i) He has asked Antony to touch Calpurnia with his leather strap so that she can
be cured of her infertility.
(ii) This instruction shows that although Caesar is a great ruler, he is not free
from superstitions. He is hopeful that if Antony touches Calpurnia in the
holy chase she will shed her barrenness and bear him a child.
(iii) The festival of Lupercal is being celebrated. Caesar has instructed Calpurnia to
stand in the way of Antony when he runs his course, so that he touches her in
the holy chase.
(iv) Antony respectfully assures him that when Caesar gives an order, it is carried
out. It reveals that Antony is sincere friend of Caesar highly devoted to him.
He is Caesar's right hand.
(v) He orders Antony to set on and leave no ceremony out. The extract shows that
Caesar is very powerful as a ruler and he commands full respect.
Q.3. (i) Caesar is referring to Cassius in this extract. He wants to have fat men-around
him.
(ii) According to Caesar fat men especially with smoothly brushed hair enjoy a
sound sleep. They should have sound sleep as it refreshes the body and the
mind.
(iii) Caesar describes this man i.e., Cassius as dangerous. He says that Cassius is
thin and has starved looks. Moreover he thinks too much. Such men are
dangerous.
(iv) Caesar says that Cassius seldom smiles. When he smiles he seems to mock
himself for being so weak as to have indulged in smile.
(v) Caesar has good observation. He says that thin men like Cassius are never
at peace when they behold someone greater than themselves because they
are jealous. Caesar says that he does not fear Cassius but when he says he is
very dangerous it shows his fear. This is ironical. Cassius wanted to get rid of
Caesar because he was jealous and always ill at ease due to Caesar's growing
popularity.

Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 11

 Scene -3
Q. 1. (i) (b) (ii) (b) (iii) (c) (iv) (a) (v) (c) (vi) (b)
Q.2. (i) Casca is speaking to Cicero. This scene takes place in a street in Rome. The
sound of raging waves can be heard and tempest raining down lightning and
thunderbolts can be seen.
(ii) In earlier storms Casca had seen the earth shaking and splitting knotty oaks.
He had also seen the ocean swelling, raging and foaming.
(iii) Casca says that there is civil strife in heaven. Whereas Casca is terribly afraid
of the storm. Cicero feels that the times are strange and different people can
infer different things. Cassius is not at all afraid of the storm. He says it is a
pleasing sight to honest men.
(iv) During Elizabethan times a bad storm was considered to be an evil sign
meaning that something evil was going to befall people. Since the night is
indicative of portentious things, Cassius and his associates are hatching a
conspiracy to murder Caesar.
(v) A slave holding up his burning hand, a hundred ghastly women had seen
men walking in fire, and hooting of an owl at noon are the supernatural
elements.
Q.3. (i) He is referring to Caesar. Cassius hates Caesar because he has become a tyrant
and is going to be crowned king. Secondly he feels that Caesar is weaker than
him physically, yet people of Rome adore him as their hero and they don't
recognise his love for republicanism.
(ii) In contrast to this man Cassius loves and respects Brutus. He is eager to join
hands with Brutus because he feels that people of Rome love Brutus more than
they love Caesar. If Brutus joins him, they will safely get rid of Caesar.
(iii) Cassius refers to Caesar as 'the man'. He wants Casca to guess it himself. Casca
asks Cassius.
"Tis Caesar that you mean; is it not, Cassius ?" It confirms that he has gussed
rightly.
(iv) To Casca's question Cassius says, It does not matter who he is. Cassius accuses
the Roman fellowmen that they have muscles like their ancestors but they have
become chicken hearted, cowards. They have no courage.
(v) The two incidents are:-
1. When Caesar was unable to swim across the flooded river Tiber and cried
for help Cassius saved his life.
2. Once in Spain, Caesar had a fever, he cried like a sick girl and requested
for some water.
Act II, Scene 1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (a)

7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (b) 11. (b) 12. (b)
12 Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10
 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (a) 16.(d) 17. (d) 18. (c)
19. (a) 20. (a) 21. (d) 22. (b) 23. (b) 24.(d)
25. (c) 26. (c) 27. (a)

CONTEXT QUESTIONS

QUESTION-1

1. Brutus is in his orchard. He is unable to sleep because his mind is disturbed on

Caesar becoming a tyrant and the design of the conspirators to kill Caesar.
2. Brutus is speaking about Caesar's death. He fears that Caesar's nature will change
once he (Caesar) is crowned because his vast powers will turn his head and he will
become tyrannical.
3. Brutus foresees his apprehension that Caesar will be tyrannical if he is crowned. It
reveals that Brutus, though Caesar's friend, is a lover of republicanism.
4. First, Brutus compares Caesar to a serpent's egg; if it is hatched it will surely bite. So,
it should be killed before it comes out of its egg. Second, an ambitious person like
Caesar is humble during his struggle but turns haughty and arrogant once he attains
his goal.
5. Lucius enters after this extract. He brings a sealed paper while searching for a flint.
He had found it in Brutus' study.

QUESTION-2

1. ................... first did whet me ...................

................... interim is like a phantasma ...............
Since Cassius incited Brutus against Caesar he had been facing sleepless nights.
The interval between the first thought and the execution of a dreadful act is like a
nightmare.
2. The conspirators arrive disguised to meet Brutus. Their hats are pulled down over
their ears and their faces are hidden in their cloaks, difficult to be recognised.
3. He says that conspiracy is afraid and ashamed to show its face by night when
evil things are all over. His advice is that it should hide its face in smiles and
pleasantness.
4. The figure of speech used to describe conspiracy is personification. He gives
conspiracy the name of the dangerous night and makes it look alive like the night.
5. The conspirators who come are Cassius, Casca, Decius Brutus, Cinna, Metellus
Cimber and Trebonius.

QUESTION-3

1. Cassius suggests that an oath should be taken before the dangerous enterprise.
It shows his foresightedness to ensure that those who are connected with this
enterprise remain loyal and committed.

Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 13

14 Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10
 2. According to Brutus, priests, cowards, deceitful persons, old worthless creatures
patiently take oaths.
3. Brutus feels that swearing an oath is not necessary when honest persons committed
to a great cause are involved in a noble cause.
4. Brutus contradicts, Cassius who suggests that Antony, should also be killed. Sparing
the life of Antony later on spells a doom for the conspirators. Brutus has to pay a
heavy price for this blunder.
5. Cassius shows his farsightedness regarding the necessity of killing Antony along
with Caesar because he knows that Antony is the most trusted and beloved friend of
Caesar, and not 'just limb of Caesar. He proves to be correct when Antony became so
powerful that he could not be subdued.

( QUESTION-4 )

1. Cassius thinks that Decius is right because it is not advisable that Antony, who is the
right hand of Caesar should be allowed to live. Antony might prove dangerous for
the conspirators. To prevent it he should be killed.
2. Brutus contradicts him with the plea that if they kill Antony also, their action will
make them appear butchers not sacrificers.
3. Brutus is against the killing of Mark Antony. He feels that if they kill him, the act will
appear to be motivated by jealously as well as anger. They must present the murder
of Caesar as a sacrificial act at the altar of freedom. Killing of Antony would be a
brutal act.
4. Cassius suggests that Mark Antony should also be killed along with Caesar. Brutus
contradicts him by saying that Antony is just 'a limb' of Caesar and once the head is
cut off the limb is of no use.
5. Brutus underestimates Mark Antony and his capabilities. His assessment of him
proves to be wrong. It is Antony who, after Caesar's death, instigates people against
the conspirators. Brutus' irrational advice brings about their downfall.

( QUESTION-5 )

1. Cassius doubts whether Caesar will come to the Senate because Caesar has grown
superstitious lately which is quite contrary to the opinion he once held so strongly in
regard to such things. Cassius fears that the advice of his chief advisors will prevent
him from going to the Capitol.
Decius promises that he will bring Caesar to the Senate. He knows Caesar's
weakness for flattery. He will so flatter him that he will forget all bad omens.
2. He is Caius Ligarius who has strong dislike for Caesar. The proposal to make him
a part of the conspiracy against Caesar, though not good, is supported by Brutus.
Brutus promises that he will prevail upon him to join their enterprise.

Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 15

 3. Brutus advises the conspirators to look bright and cheerful for they must not betray
themselves through their looks but behave as the Roman actors, with tireless spirit
and firm determination.
4. Brutus advises Lucius to go to bed and have some rest. Portia, Brutus' wife enters
a little later. She is the daughter of Cato.
5. That person i.e., Portia asks Brutus about his strange behaviour of late as he had
suddenly left the table, absorbed in his thoughts. She could not understand this
sudden change in his behaviour.

QUESTION-6

1. Portia makes different guesses about Brutus' health. Brutus' changed and
abnormal behaviour is beyond her understanding. She cannot find any clue to his
annoying behaviour. She thinks that it could be some mental pressure. She is not
correct in her assessment. She thinks only of his present behaviour with her.
2. Portia shows her love and submissiveness by reminding Brutus of the vows of
marriage that she is his better half and deserves to share his worries, problems
or anything that concerns them both. She fears that her husband gives her no
importance.
3. Portia tries to prove to Brutus that she is stronger than any other woman by inflicting
a wound on her thigh that she has the endurance of man.
4. This conversation is intruded by the entry of Lucius and Ligarius. Brutus promises
Portia that he will prove himself worthy of such a noble wife and share all his secrets
with her.
5. Earlier Portia tried to play upon Brutus' emotions by requesting him to let her enter
his innermost thoughts if only she had the slightest seat in his heart. If he does not
love her, then she ceases to be his wife. This is the most powerful plea that a woman
can make and this succeeds invariably. No man can deny this.
Act - II Scene - 2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5.(a) 6. (b)

7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (d) 11. (a) 12.(a)
13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16.(a) 17. (a) 18. (d)

CONTEXT QUESTIONS

QUESTION-1

1. Caesar and Calpurnia are in a room in Caesar's house. It is night and Caesar is in his
night gown.

16 Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10

 2. By 'ceremonies' Calpumia means omens that signal bad occurrences in future. The
main cause of her fears is that Caesar has decided to go out at such a time when there
is a storm outside.
3. Calpumia's warnings to Caesar are taken lightly because Caesar believes that what
is to happen will happen. Calpumia should not take omens seriously. Caesar asks his
servants to tell him what the priests have said.
4. A lioness gave birth to her young ones in the streets, graves opened to let the dead
bodies out. Fierce and angry armed men fought in the clouds. Blood dropped on the
capitol in showers.
5. Caesar shows his arrogance that he does not fear death. Only cowards fear death
before their death. Valiants like him never fear death because death is inevitable.

( QUESTION-2 )

1. Caesar says that death is inevitable so men should not fear death. Only the cowards
fear death and they die many times in their imagination before their actual death.
2. When the priest offered the sacrifice of an animal and pulled the entrails of the
animal, he found that the beast had no heart in it. To this Caesar says that the gods
have done so to show that they look down upon cowardice. He means to say that if
he shows cowardice and stays at home, it means that he is like the beast without a
heart.
3. Caesar says that danger knows well that Caesar is more dangerous than danger
itself, because Caesar and danger are two lions born on the same day, and Caesar
thinks that he is the elder and therefore the more dreadful of the two.
4. 'She requests Caesar not to go out today, say just on account of her fears, and not
because of Caesar's fears. She adds that they will send Mark Antony to the Senate
house, and he will inform them that Caesar was not well. She begs of Caesar on her
knees to change his decision.
5. Decius Brutus enters soon after this. He uses flattery to change the mind of Caesar.
He tells Caesar that the latter hates flatterers and Caesar says that is right. Thus he
plays upon Caesar's weakness for flattery. He interprets Calpumia's dream that
Caesar's blood flowing in different channels is a good omen that the Romans are
being nourished by Caesar's blood.

( QUESTION-3 )

1. She is Calpurina, Caesar's wife. She saw in her dream Caesar's statue drizzling blood
like a fountain with a hundred spouts, and many Romans were washing their hands
smilingly in his blood.
2. Decius Brutus came to take Caesar to the Capitol. A little later, Publius, a senator
along with the conspirators and then Antony arrive to accompany Caesar to the
Capitol.

Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 17

 3. Calpurnia bent on her kness is similar to Portia in the same condition. Both are
concerned about the well-being of their husbands. Caesar as husband is unlike
Brutus as a husband. Whereas Caesar is rigid and ingores his wife. Brutus is
considerate towards his wife as he is ready to give her the equal status as his wife.
4. Decius interprets Calpurnia's dream to show how Romans shall renew their strength
from him. He says that as Caesar is brave he should not give in to any superstition.
His interpretation so impresses Caesar that he gets angry with his wife for
preventing him from going to the Senate.
5. Caesar decides to go to the Senate. The scene makes it clear that both Decius and
Cassius are cunning and good manipulators of human mind.

QUESTION-4

1. The 'good friends' mentioned here are those who want to take Caesar to the Senate.
They are: Cinna, Metellus, Trebonius and Brutus.
2. To call all these persons who are actually the conspirators as 'good friends' is ironical
as they all are planning to murder Caesar.
3. These good friends have left no pains to spare to accompany Caesar to the senate
where they want to surround him and murder him lest Caesar should change his
mind.
4. 'Yearns' here means 'sore and regretful'. Brutus grieves to contemplate that
friendliness is not friendship. Brutus' sickness at heart in committing the deceitful act
is revealed here. It is in contrast to his earlier stand that the conspirators should not
be butchers.
5. It is morning. Caesar was surprised to see Antony awake so early because he is given
to merry making till late night.
Act - II Scene - 3
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (c)

7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (a) 11. (c)

QUESTION-1 CONTEXT
1. The conspirators mentioned in the letterQUESTIONS
of Artemidorus are : Brutus, Cassius, Casca,
Cinna, Trebonius, Metellus Cimber, Decius, Brutus, Caires, Ligarius.
2. Caesar is warned to beware of Brutus, take hold of Cassius, keep an eye on Cinna,
never trust Trebonius, take note of Metellus Cimber. Decius does not love Caesar,
and Caius Ligarius has been wronged by Caesar.
3. If Caesar happens to read Artemidorus letter, he will take caution and may be saved.
But if he does not read letter, he will become a victim of the conspiracy and lose his
life.

18 Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10

 4. The priests had warned Caesar earlier against going to the Capitol. But Caesar had
ignored their warning saying that he is not a coward and is more dangerous than
danger itself.
5. Unsuspecting feeling of self assurance leaves ample room for evil to donimate.
Act - II Scene - 4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (b)

7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (b) 11. (c) 12. (c)

CONTEXT QUESTIONS
QUESTION-1

1. Portia and Lucius are in Brutus' house. Lucius is Brutus' trusted friend. He is
confused because he does not know what he is supposed to do because Portia has
told him to go to the Capitol and come back soon.
2. Portia is tense because she is extremely disturbed at heart about Brutus and the
success of his plan to murder Caesar.
3. She had earlier uttered that she had a man's brain but in other respects she was as
weak as a woman because it is very difficult for women to keep a secret.
4. Portia is worried about Brutus because Brutus and the conspirators have hatched a
very dangerous plot to murder Caesar. Brutus added to her anxiety by telling her
about this plan.
5. Portia had instructed Lucius to bring her the word if Brutus was well. She also told
Lucius to take note of what Caesar was saying and what the visitors were pressing
upon Caesar to do.

QUESTION-2

1. Portia meets the soothsayer in the street before the House of Brutus. Portia's fears are
that if the soothsayer succeeds in his intention to warn Caesar of some danger her
husband will fail in his mission.
2. The soothsayer's presence is intended to heighten the suspense and increase the
anxiety of Portia about her husband's safety. The day is significant as Caesar is to be
killed on this day by the conspirators.
3. The soothsayer wants to warn Caesar against an impending danger to his life. He
wants a more secure and empty place to stand because he fears lest he should be
crushed by the crowd.
4. 'Throng' means 'crowd'. The crowd is to witness the crowning ceremony of Caesar.
Portia is portrayed in the scene as a loving and caring wife. Her agitation about her
husband shows her immense love and loyalty for her husband. She seems to be in
the knowledge of Caesar's murder. It seems she has tacit support for an 'evil' cause.

Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 19

 5. Portia instructs Lucius to bring her the word that her husband, Brutus was well. He
should also take a note of what Caesar was saying and what the senators were asking
him to do.

Specimen Question Paper

Act II, Scene - 1

Q. 1. (i) (b) (ii) (a) (iii) (b) (iv) (c) (v) (c) (vi) (c)
Q.2. (i) He has said that along with Caesar, Antony should also be killed. If he lives he
may prove dangerous.
(ii) Brutus wishes that Caesar should be killed not out of malice but as a sacrifice,
as an offering to gods for the good of Rome.
(iii) Brutus says that people would not call them as murders but cleansers of the
state. It reflects Brutus' love for Rome. He is a true patriot.
(iv) Brutus says that Antony is but a limb of Caesar. If they kill him, it would be
like cutting the head off and hacking the limbs. It would make them look like
butchers not as sacrifizers.
(v) Brutus makes three errors.
1. He turns down the suggestion of taking on oath.
2. He turns down Cassius suggestion that Antony should also be killed
alongwith Caesar.
3. He agrees to permit Antony to address the masses after Caesar's murder.
Q. 3. (i) Brutus has just said that Portia is his true and honourable wife and he values
her as much as his own life.
His heart is sad because he has taken a decision against the voice of his
conscience. He does not want Portia to know it.
(ii) Portia has not yet been told that Brutus has shaken hands with the conspirators
to murder Caesar.
(iii) Portia considers herself above the average woman for two reasons. Firstly she
is the wife of Brutus the great and secondly she is the daughter of Cato.
(iv) To prove her constancy she gave proof of her reliability to Brutus. She inflicted
a wound on her own thigh and bore the pain calmly.
(v) Brutus loves Portia very much. He is concerned about her weak condition.
He conceals from his wife the projected conspiracy from a typically unselfish
motive only to spare her anxiety. Secondly he is devastated upon hearing of
her death.
Scene -2

Q. 1. (i) (c) (ii) (b) (iii) (a) (iv) (a) (v) (a) (vi) (c)
Q.2. (i) Calpurnia is highly disturbed because she has seen a bad dream. In her dream
she saw Caesar being murdered. The watchman saw a lioness gave birth to her

20 Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10

 young ones in the street. He also saw graves opening and letting out the dead
bodies.
(ii) Caesar orders the servant to go to the priests and ask them to present sacrifice.
It reveals Caesar's superstitious nature. When the servant returns he informs
that the priests have advised that Caesar should not go out of his house. He
also informs that the animal sacrificed was found to be without a heart.
(iii) No Calpurnia is not as superstitious as Caesar. She says that she has never
attached any importance to omens. But now they frighten her. She says that
neighing of horses, groaning of dying men, noise of battle etc. are unnatural
things.
(iv) Caesar tells her that it is not possible to avoid that thing which is decided by
fate. He insists that he will go. Caesar says that cowards die many times before
their death but the brave die only once.
(v) Caesar had been warned by the Soothsayer to beware the Ides of March. He
had ignored the warning thinking that he is only a dreamer.
Fate conspires with the conspirators. Caesar ignores Soothsayer's warning. He
also does not read the letter of Artemidorus.
Q. 3. (i) It is the Ides of March. Caesar has been warned to beware of this day. He
has come to flatter and persuade Caesar to come to the Senate house. He
intentionally misinterprets the dream of Calpurnia and prevails upon Caesar to
come to the senate house.
(ii) Calpurnia suggests that they will send Mark Antony to the senate house to
inform the senators that Caesar is not well. Caesar rejects her suggestion. He
says that they will not tell a lie but he will stay at home for her humour.
(iii) Caesar tells Decius the real reason because he loves him. He tells him that
Calpurnia has dreamt that blood was running out from Caesar's statue and
many busty Romans were smiling and bathing their hands in the blood. She
was terribly afraid. So he did not want to come.
(iv) Decius says that it is an auspicious dream indicating good fortune. Blood
flowing in many channels from the statue of Caesar and Romans bathing
in it, signifies that Rome shall revive and renew strength from Caesar.
Decius interprets the dream in this way only to flatter him so that he ignores
Calpurnia's request and accompanies him to the senate house.
(v) Decius gives three arguments. He says the Senate has decided to crown him.
If he does not go, they may change their mind. Secondly, the senaters will
laugh at him and dismiss the Senate. Thirdly, they will conclude that Caesar is
afraid. He has decided to stay at home because his wife had a bad dream.
Scene -3
Q.1. (i) (b) (ii) (a) (iii) (b) (iv) (c) (v) (a) (vi) (d)
Q.2. (i) Artemidorus must have come to know of the conspiracy through his own
sources. Since Cassius had written letters to Brutus in different handwritings,
the information must have leaked out that a plot is being hatched against
Caesar.

Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 21

 (ii) Brutus and Caesar were very good friends. Both of them loved and respected
each other. Both of them were devoted to the good of Rome.
(iii) Had Caesar read the letter of Artemidorus and come to know of Brutus'
betrayal, his heart would have broken. He would have disowned Brutus as a
friend.
(iv) The scene tells us that Artemidorus is a well-wisher of Caesar. He represents
the common citizens. He has come to know about the terrible conspiracy
which has leaked out. The scene displays admiration for Caesar and shows
conspirators in bad light.
(v) The only aim of the conspirators is to kill Caesar. They are jealous of Caesar
and have personal grudges against Caesar. Brutus wants to kill Caesar because
he fears that Caesar would become a dictator if he is crowned but Cassius is
jealous of the rising popularity of Caesar.
Q.3. (i) Artemidorus is a common citizen and teacher of rhetoric. He represents the
common men who love and admire Caesar. He is different from those who
hate him because he admires Caesar. He is unselfish whereas those who hate
Caesar have a selfish motive.
(ii) It means that if Caesar does not consider himself to be immortal, he should be
on his guard and watchful of what is happening around him.
(iii) This line means that Caesar's security is threatened by conspiracy. His life is in
danger.
(iv) These two people were the priest and the soothsayer. The priest had advised
Caesar not to go out of his house. The soothsayer had warned him to beware of
the 15th of March.
(v) His heart weeps to think that virtue lives beyond the reach of jealousy's fangs.
Fate plays an important role in the sense that Caesar does not read his letter of
warning.
Scene -4
Q.1. (i) (b) (ii) (b) (iii) (a) (iv) (c) (v) (c) (vi) (c)
Q.2. (i) Portia is in the street in front of her house. Lucius is with her. Brutus has gone
to the Senate house.
(ii) Portia is behaving like a nervous and worried person. She is so restless to send
Lucius after Brutus that she forgets even to give him the message. All this
shows that Brutus has told her about the plot to murder Caesar.
(iii) She means that she should remain steadfast. She wants to exercise self control
so that her tongue does not betray and utter the feelings of her heart. She plans
to put a check on her tongue to keep the secret.
(iv) She realizes that she cannot keep a secret. This is her weakness.
(v) Earlier Portia had tried to convince Brutus that she is very brave. Once she had
given a cut on her thigh to prove that she can bear pain like a man. But in this
scene she admits that though she has a man's brain yet in other respects she is
weak as a woman.

22 Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10

 Q.3. (i) She meets the soothsayer in the street near her house. She fears that the
snoothsayer knows something about the conspiracy. That is why he wants to
tell Caesar to look after his own safety.
(ii) This day is significant because it is the Ides of March Caesar has already been
warned to beware of this day. He is also advised not to go out of his house. The
soothsayer is a person who is supposed to be able to foresee the future.
(iii) The soothsayer wishes to tell Caesar that he should be watchful. He should
look to his own safety. He had to warn Caesar to beware the Ides of March.
Caesar had dismissed him as a dreamer.
(iv) Because he felt that he was a weak fellow. He feared that the crowd following
Caesar might crush him. So he wanted to get for himself a place more void.
(v) In this scene Portia is portrayed as a nervous and worried woman. She almost
gives herself away due to her anxiety for Brutus. In her anxiety she imagines
noises coming from the Senate while Lucius hears nothing.
Act - Ill Scene - 1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (c)
8.(a) 9.(a) 10. (a) 11. (d) 12.(a) 13. (b) 14.(a)
15.(b) 16.(a) 17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (b)

CONTEXT QUESTIONS
QUESTION-1
1. Caesar gives no answer but in his place Cassius asks them not to urge their petitions
in the street but come to the senate house. Caesar gets angry with Artemidorus
because he insists that his letter should be read first because it concerns him.
2. Popilus wishes Cassius success in his enterprise. Cassius gets tensed up because of
his guilty consciousness. He fears if Popilus knows about his plot. He instructs Casca
to be quick in striking their blows to murder Caesar.
3. Cassius feels disturbed when Popilus wishes him success in his enterprise. He fears
lest their plans may be discovered. But Brutus calms him down. He tells Cassius that
Popilus is not speaking to Caesar about them or their plan.
4. Trebonius draws Mark Antony out of the way of Caesar. He does so to help the
conspirators in their plan to murder Caesar. Metellus Cimber's suit to Caesar is that
his banished brother should be called back.
5. The following things show Caesar's high handedness.
1. Metellus Cimber kneels before him but Caesar calls it his humility to melt his
heart.
2. Caesar asks him not to behave foolishly.
3. He says that sweet words, servile low stooping, (he calls it dog like flattery)
cannot melt his heart. Nothing can persuade him to change the sentence.

Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 23

( QUESTION-2 )
1. Metellus Cimber is in the capacity of a petitioner. He is pleading for his brother. He
is pleading for repealing the banishment of his brother Publius Cimber. No he is not
sincere about his request. He knows that Caesar will not change the decision taken
by the court.
2. Because Caesar knows that these stoopings, bows and salutations have no effect
on him. He is firm in his decision. These things melt foolish people - servile low
stooping, sweet words, dog like flattery and fawning submissiveness. Caesar is not
like these fools because he does no wrong and he cannot be persuaded to change his
sentence.
3. Caesar tells Metellus that his brother was banished according to the rule of the state.
He, as an individual cannot change the law of the land. Caesar threatens him that if
he goes on kneeling, he will kick him out of his way.
4. "For the repealing of my banish'd brother."
5. Brutus responds to the request of Metallus. He requests Caesar that Publius Cimber
may immediately have freedom. He should be allowed to come back.

( QUESTION-3 )

1. Brutus has requested Caesar to immediately repeal the banishment of Publius

Cimber. It has shocked Caesar because it is an unjust demand made by an honest
leader like Brutus.
2. After Brutus, Cassius also makes the same request to Caesar. His words "Even at
your feet does Cassius fall," are very much unlike Cassius. The words show that
Cassius is behaving like a perfect actor.
3. Caesar says that if he could be easily persuaded like him (Cassius), he would have
been moved by prayers. But he is unlike him.
Between Brutus and Cassius, Caesar likes Brutus better.
4. He compares himself to the Pole star. The pole star has no equal in the sky. It has
constancy, it holds its position unchangingly. Caesar compares himself to the pole
star because like this star he is constant, firm and unchangeable in his position.
5. Caesar's purpose is to emphasize his firmness, determination and constancy. He is
unique like the pole star.

( QUESTION-4 )
1. Casca is one of the conspirators devoted to Cassius. He has been given the duty to
stab Caesar in the back. This duty is assigned by Cassius.
2. He stabs Caesar from behind in the neck. It is a cowardly act because a brave person
always attacks his enemy from the front.
3. Brutus strikes Caesar last of all. He is the best, most loved and trusted friend of
Caesar. When he does this Caesar cries, "Et tu, Brute ! Then fall, Caesar" The last
words signify that when the most trusted and dependable friend wants to kill
Caesar, he must die.

24 Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10

 4. Caesar falls at the foot of his great enemy Pompey's statue. The irony lies in the fact
that Caesar lies dead at the foot of his enemy's statue, whom he had defeated and
killed. Caesar's murder is a turning point in the story. Instigated by Antony the
people of Rome rise in revolt, chase the conspirators and burn down their houses.
5. They go to the public platform in the marketplace and proclaim from there that they
have gained liberty from the tyrannical rule of Caesar. Brutus tries to assure the
people not to run away due to fear. He says Caesar has paid the price for his high
ambition. He has been sacrificed at the altar of liberty. It tells us that Brutus was not a
malicious person but a noble misguided person.

( QUESTION-5 )

1. They have said that they are Caesar's friends because they have shortened his period
of fearing death. No, it is not to be taken seriously because they are only trying to
console their guilt consciousness.
2. Brutus feels that by washing their hands in Caesar's blood they achieved freedom
from tyranny. There will be peace and liberty. It was an act of sacrifice and not
murder in his eyes. It seems to be fulfilment of Calpurnia's dream because she had
seen healthy Romans, smiling and washing their hands in blood pouring from
Caesar's statue.
3. "Then walk we forth, even to the market-place."
4. Cassius says that it is a grand scene which will be acted on the stage over and over
again in numerous countries. Brutus too testifies what Cassius has said. The scene of
Caesar's murder will be seen by corning generations on the stage.
5. Cassius says that they will be called liberators of Rome the rnen who gave their
country liberty.
Members of this group make a serious mistake. They did not anticipate that the rnob
acts on emotions and not reason.

( QUESTION-6 )

1. Brutus spoke these words. Decius, Brutus and Cassius were present there.
2. Another word for 'soft' is 'stop'. A friend of Antony has come here. He has come
here on behalf of Antony.
3. The four adjectives used are - noble, wise, valiant and honest. These adjectives are
not justified because the speaker is neither noble, nor wise, nor valiant and nor even
honest.
4. Through his servant Antony makes two requests. He should be allowed to come and
meet hirn safely. No harm will be done. He should be satisfied as to why Caesar was
killed. This person is very respectful to the speaker.
5. The speaker i.e., Brutus assures the servant that Antony will not be harmed. Yes, it is
the turning point in the play because it brings in Antony who is to take revenge for
Caesar. He says that he will fetch Antony there.

Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 25

 QUESTION-7
1. Antony wishes that if he is to be killed this is the proper time for his death. His dead
body should lie beside the body of Caesar. He makes such a wish because he finds
this place besides his friend Caesar to be fit for his death.
2. In reply to Antony's wish to be killed by them Brutus says his wish can't be granted.
They appear to be butchers but they are not murderers. They are pitiful. They have
killed Caesar for the good of Rome.
3. Brutus assures him that they have no ill-will against him. They are ready to receive
him. Antony assures them that he does not doubt their wisdom. He is ready to shake
hand with each one of them. His interior motive is to take revenge for the murder of
Caesar. Antony is not a coward, he is very shrewd.
4. Antony compares Caesar to a deer and the conspirators to princes who have hunted
him down. He wins their confidence by assuring them that he is with them and loves
them all.
5. Antony requests that he should be allowed to address the Romans when the dead
body of Caesar is brought out. Cassius objects to this request. Yes, Cassius was
sound in his judgement. He knew that Antony would sway the audience against
them. His apprehension turned out to be true.

QUESTION-8

1. He calls Caesar 'bleeding piece of earth' because Caesar's bleeding corpse (his
remains) is lying on the earth. He calls the conspirators, butchers who murdered
Caesar in a cowardly manner.
2. Antony had been meek and gentle with these butchers when he shook hands with
them. His shaking hands with conspirators shows that he is a man of practical
wisdom.
3. Antony makes this prophesy. A curse will fall upon the people of Rome. There will
be a civil war among the people. Bloodshed and destruction will be there.
Caesar's spirit will roam about to take revenge.
Yes his prophesy comes true. In the strife that follows the conspirators are killed one
by one.
4. A servant of Octavius Caesar comes after Antony's soliloquy. He brings the news
that his master Octavius Caesar is coming to Rome.
5. Antony tells that person to go back and convey to Octavius that Caesar has been
killed and that Rome is not a safe place for him to come. Antony asks him to stay for
a while till the body of Caesar is carried to the market place. Moreover, he should tell
Octavius about state of affairs in Rome.
Act - Ill Scene - 2
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (c)
8.(a) 9. (b) 10. (b) 11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14.(a)
15.(a) 16. (b) 17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (c) 21. (a)
22. (a) 23. (a) 24. (a) 25. (a) 26. (d)
26 Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10
 CONTEXT QUESTIONS
QUESTION-1
1. They wish to be satisfied as to why their beloved leader has been assassinated. They
are in a restless and dangerous mood. The audience here means 'hearing'.
2. Brutus tells Cassius to go to the other street and divide the crowds. He tells the
crowd that those who wish to listen to him, they should stay there. Others who want
to hear Cassius should follow him.
3. They decide between them. The first citizen will hear Brutus and the second citizen
will hear Cassius. Then they will compare the reasons given to them.
4. Brutus' purpose will be to justify the murder of Caesar. He will tell the listeners that
Caesar was murdered to save the country from his despotic rule. If he had lived, the
people would have been treated as slaves.
5. According to Brutus, Caesar was highly ambitious. He was so ambitious that he
wanted to be a despot. The common people were just like slaves before him.

QUESTION-2
1. The scene takes place in the forum amidst a throng of people. Brutus is addressing
the common citizens of Rome.
2. Brutus, addressing the citizens, says that they should judge for themselves with all
their wisdom. He says this to flatter them. No he is not correct in his assessment
because a throng cannot think and act rationally. A crowd cannot be a better judge.
3. He feels that he has offended none in his speech because no one wants to be a
bondman (slave) when he asks whom he has offended, all citizens say in one voice
that he has offended none.
4. Brutus justifies his stand saying that no Roman wants to be a slave. So he has
offended none. As for Caesar, his death will be recorded in the official records.
His glorious achievements, will not be minimised and his offences will not be
exaggerated for which he was killed. His greatest offence was, he was very
ambitious. After his speech Antony and others come.
5. Brutus introduces Antony to the crowd. He says that Antony had no hand in the
death of Caesar and he will be given due place in the commonwealth. He is confident
because he has been instructed not to blame them in his speech. He should only
speak in praise of Caesar.

QUESTION-3

1. I am a student of class X. I have taken up medical subjects. I want to become a doctor

and serve in some government hospital. Most of the poor who can't afford to pay big
fee come to these hospitals. I shall devote all my time to serve the patients with all
my ability.
2. Antony cites two instances. Caesar brought many prisoners of war back to Rome.
The money paid for their liberation went into the public treasury. It shows he was
not ambitious. Secondly, he was offered the crown thrice yet he did not accept it.

Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 27

 3. The word is 'honourabe' for Brutus and others. It is ironical. By repeating this word
he plays upon the emotions of the mob. Indirectly he instigates the people against
Brutus.
4. Antony says this to convey that he is so much overwhelmed with emotions that
he can't continue speaking. In doing so his interior motive is to watch if his words
have the desired effect on them or not. He wants to make sure that they are ready to
revolt.
5. The mob is almost ready to find out the conspirators and destroy them. They discuss
that there is much reason in what Antony says. They feel that much wrong has been
done to Caesar. Secondly, they feel that Caesar was not ambitious.
6. Antony is a good orator. He appeals to the heart of the common people. He also
watches the effect his words produce. The speech shows that he is very shrewd. He
has practical wisdom.

( QUESTION-4 )
1. Instead of doing wrong to honourable Brutus and Cassius, Antony would prefer to
wrong himself, Caesar and the ordinary citizens of Rome.
2. Antony found Caesar's will in his closet. They would kiss dead Caesar's wounds, dip
their napkins in his blood, beg a hair of Caesar for his memory, and at the time of
death, leave it for their children as legacy.
3. Antony says that it is not proper that he should read the will. It will inflame them
because they are neither wood, nor stone but human beings. Moreover, it will make
them mad and incense them very much.
He incites the mob by delaying the reading of the will.
4. He asks the mob to make a ring about the dead body of Caesar. He wants to show
them the wounds made by the conspirators with their weapons.
5. The words are highly ironical. Antony says that he does not want to arouse them to a
sudden rebellion. But this is exactly what he wants to do and he is doing.
6. Yes, Antony really wants to stir the minds of the common people of Rome to mutiny
and rage to such an extent that they should rush to kill the conspirators.

( QUESTION-5 )
1. The cut made by Brutus in the body of Caesar with his sword was the unkindest cut.
Before Brutus, Cassius and Casca had already stabbed Caesar. They had stabbed
Caesar in his heart, in the senate hall.
2. It was called so because Brutus was Caesar's best friend, his angel. Caesar's blood
flowed out of his body to ensure if it was really Brutus who had stabbed Caesar.
It shows that Brutus was the best and most trusted friend of Caesar and was not
expected to kill him.
3. Caesar fell at the foot of Pompey's statue. The ironical part lies in this that Pompey
was defeated and killed by Caesar and now he/ (Caesar) was lying dead at the feet
of his statue.

28 Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10

 4. Antony has said that the dress of Caesar was the same which he had worn in his tent
on a summer evening after defeating Nervii. The special thing about it was that this
dress Caesar wore after his greatest military victory. It is significant because the day
of victory was celebrated with a great procession.
5. The mob was moved to tears. Many started weeping. Antony achieved sympathy of
the mob and his purpose of rousing the people to rebellion. He was fully successful.

QUESTION-6
1. Antony says that he is not an orator like Brutus. He is a plain, blunt man, simple
and outright. He says so to identify himself with the common people of Rome. No,
he does not mean it. In fact, he wants the opposite of what he says. The words are
highly ironical.
2. He shows them the will of Caesar to still instigate them to mutiny. It contains the fact
that Caesar has left for every citizen of Rome seventy five drachmas.
3. The mob decides to rise in revolt and burn down the houses of the conspirators.
People are ready to kill them.
4. A servant of Octavius Caesar comes there. He brings the information that Octavius
has come to Rome.
5. According to Antony himself, he is not an orator. He is a plain, blunt man. If Antony
and Brutus had changed places, the people of Rome would not have risen in revolt.
The story would have been different.
Act - Ill Scene - 3

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (a)

8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (c)

CONTEXT QUESTIONS
QUESTION-1

1. Cinna is a poet. He is wandering aimlessly on the street.

2. The mob becomes furious when he tells that his name is Cinna. This shows that mob
has neither brain nor sentiments. Mob works on impulse.
3. He was asked - what his name was, where he was going, where he lived and if he
was married or single.
4. He tells the mob that he is going to Caesar's funeral, he is going as a friend, and he is
a poet. The mob gets enraged because his name is Cinna which is the name of one of
the conspirators. They kill him for his bad name.
5. They go to the houses of Brutus, Cassius, Decius Brutus, Casca and Ligarius to burn
them down.
This scene is very significant as it throws light on mob mentality. Mob has no brain,
no reason, no sentiment. It only acts on impulse.
Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 29
 QUESTION-2
1. Cinna has tried to clarify that he is Cinna the poet and not Cinna the conspirator.
2. It is enough for the conspirators because they are full of hatred for the conspirators.
They are so enraged that they can't tolerate that any man with the name of the
conspirators should live.
3. It is not at all logical. The mob is working with extreme malice. If his name is plucked
out of his heart i.e., his heart is plucked out of the body, he will die.
4. Yes, the lines are an example of terrible comedy. The murder of Cinna, the poet is
too deep for tears but it also evokes a sense of comedy at the foolishness of the mob.
5. The Roman mob is very much like mobs in other countries. The mob has no reason,
no sentiments, no thinking. The mob everywhere works on impulse senselessly.

Specimen Question Paper

Act Ill, Scene - I

Q.1. 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (c)

Q.2. 1. It is the Pole Star. It holds a special place because of its constancy and fixed
position.
2. He says that just as Pole Star does not change its position, he too is firm and he
will not change his stand.
3. There are innumerable stars which shine brightly, there is only one Pole Star
which does not change its position. In the same way the world is full of men
made of the same flesh and blood but there is one who keeps his position
unchanged and that is Caesar.
4. His constancy and firm determination is shown. It adds to dramatic
effectiveness because the more the conspirators request him to agree to the
request the more Caesar opposes it.
5. Caesar is going to be assassinated. As planned he had been drawn out of the
way by Trebonius.
Q.3. 1. Antony had wanted that the conspirators should give him reasons as to in what
way was Caesar dangerous. To this request they readily agreed. Moreover, he
wanted that he should be allowed to present the dead body of Caesar before
the Romans in the market place.
2. Brutus allows Antony to make a speech on the occasion. Little does he know
what Antony would say. This error proves fatal for Brutus and his companions
as Antony provokes the mob so much that people get ready to kill the
conspirators.
3. Cassius, who is more practical, contradicts Brutus. He asks Brutus not to allow
Antony to address the mob, because it can turn the tables against them. It
shows that Cassius has more practical wisdom than Brutus.

30 Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10

 4. Brutus lays down two conditions. The first condition is that Antony will
speak only after Brutus has addressed the mob. He is sure his arguments will
convince the people. Secondly, Antony will tell the people that he is addressing
them with the permission of Brutus and Caesar shall have true funeral rites and
ceremonies.
5. Antony manipulates the situation cleverly. Brutus had appealed to the reason
of people, but Antony appeals to their heart. He shows them wounds in
Caesar's body and makes them emotional. The outcome is that people rise in
revolt. They are ready to kill the conspirators and burn down their houses.
Act Ill, Scene - 2

Q. 1. 1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (d)

Q.2. 1. Brutus is trying to justify that Caesar deserved to be killed because he was
highly ambitious.
2. Brutus portrays himself as a true patriot. He loved Caesar but he loved Rome
more than Caesar. Thus, like a true patriot Brutus slew Caesar because he
(Caesar) wanted to be the king and treat all Romans as his slaves.
3. Speech of Brutus had a great impact on the mob. When he asked whom he had
offended in killing Caesar, all said in one voice 'None'.
4. Speech of Brutus was plain and straight forward. He made an appeal to the
intellect of the people.
But Antony's speech was highly dramatic. He made an appeal to the heart of
the mob.
5. The meaning of the word bondman is slave. He would have offended none
because nobody wants to be a slave.
Q.3. 1. Antony has achieved what he wanted. He wanted permission of the
conspirators to address the mob. He wanted to give funeral speech as a friend
of Caesar.
2. The greatest blunder of Brutus was to allow Antony to speak at Caesar's
funeral. Moreover, after delivering his speech Brutus went away from the
scene.
3. Cassius is very unhappy with the decision of Brutus who seems to be over
confident of his hold on the Romans. He knows not what may happen but he
dislikes it.
4. Brutus says that Antony will speak only after he has addressed the people.
Secondly, he will admit that he is making the speech with the permission of
Brutus.
5. Cassius was certainly a better judge of human character. He wanted that
Antony should also be killed alongwith Caesar as he could prove dangerous.
But Brutus did not agree. Secondly, Cassius wanted that Antony should not be
allowed to address the mob. But Brutus had his say and the result was total
ruin of the conspirators.

Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 31

 Act Ill, Scene - 3
Q.1. 1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (b)
Q.2. 1. Cinna, the poet is the speaker. Roman citizens in the mob had asked him these
questions.
2. Cinna, who was confused by a series of questions, replied that he was a
bachelor.
3. They were not satisfied with the answer. Second citizen said that his answer
meant that fools alone get married.
4. The scene projects that the crowd is mad with anger. They are out to kill the
conspirators.
5. The murder of Caesar and the speech of Antony which added fuel to the fire.
Q.3. 1. The Plebians are mad with anger. The moment they hear the name Cinna, they
are ready to kill him.
2. They act in this manner because they are enraged beyond reason. They have no
feeling, no reasoning. They only have uncontrollable anger.
3. They decide to kill Cinna the poet for his bad name.
4. This outburst is not justified. Even under strong provocation people should not
lose temper and resort to senseless slaughter.
5. He had dreamt about feasting with Caesar. Yes, it was a bad dream because
Caesar had already died. It is a superstition that meeting a dead person in
dream is inauspicious. It forbodes the person's death.
Act - IV Scene - 1
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (a)
8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (a) 11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (a)
15. (a) 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (d) 20. (b) 21. (b)
22. (b) 23. (a) 24. (b)

CONTEXT QUESTIONS
QUESTION-1
1. The scene takes place in a house in Rome. Two new characters introduced are
Octavius and Lepidus. This scene is different from the earlier scene contrasted with
the earlier scene, this scene shows clever manipulation of the situation and future
plans of Antony and his companions.
2. He means that the names of those who are to be put to death have been marked out.
This is being done to get rid of the supporters of the conspirators.
3. It is decided that Lepidus' brother will die. Upon this he lays down the condition
that Antony's nephew should also die. Yes, Antony agrees to this. He condemns him
with the stroke of his pen.

32 Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10

 4. Antony instructs Lepidus to go to Caesar's house and bring his will. He intends to
settle how they can reduce some of the expenditure in legacies.
5. It reveals that Antony is a very clever manipulator and he will control the situation
very well.

( QUESTION-2 )
1. He is referring to Lepidus. He is speaking with Octavius.
2. Antony calls him a feeble man of no merit because he has a very poor opinion of
Lepidus. Antony feels that he (Lepidus) is fit only to be used for errands.
3. ' Threefold world' refers to the division of Roman empire in Europe, Africa and Asia.
4. Octavius refutes what Antony has said. Tauntingly he says if Lepidus is a feeble man
of no merit, then his taking Antony's vote as to who should be marked off to die is
not justified.
5. Black sentence means capital punishment and proscription means list of laws for
those people who are condemned by the state to die and their properties are to be
confiscated by the government.

( QUESTION-3 )
1. Antony is the elder of the two speakers. Octavius asks Antony to do as he likes
because he admits Antony's seniority though he disagrees with him.
2. Octavius says that Lepidus is not just a donkey fit to carry loads, but he is a brave
soldier. He adds that Antony must not forget this quality of Lepidus.
3. Antony gives his horse a plentiful supply of food. He has trained him to fight, to stop
and gallop. The movements of his horse are controlled by his wishes. Antony says
that Lepidus is like his horse. He must be guided, trained and instructed. In short he
has no originality.
4. Antony says that Lepidus blindly imitates the manners of others. He is very happy to
adopt what others have left after much use.
5. They are busy raising armies. Antony plans to gather resources and form a firm
alliance to unite together and make the best use of their means. This is necessary to
fight the enemy.

( QUESTION-4 )
1. 'Great - things' here means great news, the latest information. He says great things
because this news is much more important than wasting time in discussing Lepidus.
2. He tells Octavious that Brutus and Cassius are raising armies and so they must also
gather their resources and get ready for the war.
3. He says that they should consult how hidden dangers may be exposed and obvious
dangers may be easily encountered.
4. Octavius replies that they are like the bear tied to the stake and they are fighting
against their enemies who are like a ring of dogs. He adds that some outwardly
smiling persons have ill-will in their hearts.

Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 33

 5. We feel that Octavious is brave, sincere and respectful to Antony. He has to follow
Antony if he wants to take revenge for the murder of Caesar.

QUESTION-5
1. Octavius feels that they are like the bear tied to the stake and fighting against a ring
of dogs.
It means that they are surrounded by enemies in the same way as in the popular
sport the bear is tied and dogs are left to attack it.
2. He fears that those, who outwardly claim that they are friends, but actually are
hidden enemies, are more dangerous. They are smiling villains.
3. Antony and Octavius are very wise in handling the situation. They anticipate wisely
the plans of their enemies and act accordingly. No wonder they succeed in defeating
the enemy. Whereas Antony is more practical and ruthless. Octavious is wiser and
more rational.
4. Brutus is noble and patriotic. He assumes leadership though he is not fit for the role
of a politician. He lacks foresight and is not a good judge of persons. But in sharp
contrast, the new triumvirs - Antony, Octavius and Lepidus - are ambitious.
Antony leading the group is practical, cold blooded and ruthless. He is also
hypocrite at times. Brutus was clear that only Caesar should be killed, but Antony is
ready to kill even his own nephew.
5. Antony is ruthless as he does not mind putting his own nephew to death. He is
hypocritical also. He wants to use Lepidus for his benefit and then discard him when
he is of no use. Earlier in Act III he was pretending to be a lover of the masses, but
now he is preparing a list of those who are to be put to death. He is ambitious, cold
blooded, hypocrite.
Act - IV Scene - 2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (a)

8. (a) 9. (b)
CONTEXT QUESTIONS
QUESTION-1

1. Cassius is being spoken about. The scene is set in Brutus' camp near Sardis. He is
speaking about Cassius.
2. Brutus, who is the listener, assesses that Cassius who used to be his best friend has
become cold.
3. Hollow i.e., insincere men are compared to horses which appear high spirited in the
beginning but when they are put to test their heads fall, they fail.
4. Army of Antony and Octavius approaches. They want to defeat and kill Brutus and
Cassius.

34 Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10

 5. Brutus and Cassius are good friends. Brutus is an idealist. He is leading and Cassius,
though more practical is siding with him. On the other hand, Antonio is leading and
Octavius is with him. Both of them are more rational and practical.

QUESTION-2

1. Cassius is referring to seriousness and idealism of Brutus. His seriousness, according

to Cassius hides the injustice which he does to others.
2. Brutus is conscious of the presence of other persons (their companions). He feels that
it is not wise to discuss their problems and grievances in the presence of others. That
is why he asks Cassius to speak quietly and not get excited.
3. Cassius at once understands what Brutus wants. So he instructs Pindarus to move
away a little farther from that place.
4. Lucilius and Titanius guard the door.
5. This scene shows that the relationship of Brutus and Cassius is falling apart. Cassius
is angry. He feels that Brutus has done him wrong. But Brutus being an idealist is
unaware of any such wrong done by him.
Act - IV Scene - 3

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (b)

8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (a) 11. (c)

CONTEXT QUESTIONS

QUESTION-1

1. They are in a camp near Sardis. Brutus told Cassius that should not have written in
support of Lucius Pella who is a corrupt man.
2. Cassius feels that in such a time as this when their enemies are collecting armies and
are ready to attack they should not keep arguing on such a small matter as writing a
letter in favour of one person.
3. Brutus accused Cassius of having an 'itching palm'. Cassius reacts very angrily to
this accusation. He says that if anyone else had said this he would have killed him.
4. This means that times are hard. Their enemies are collecting forces and can attack
anytime. At such a time it is not proper that they should take every little fault into
account so seriously.
5. Yes, he was justified. Cassius had been selling offices for money. Moreover, when
Brutus sent a message to Cassius asking for money which he needed to pay the
troops, he refused to give.

Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 35

( QUESTION-2 )

1. Brutus reminds Cassius of idea of March when Caesar was killed March, the ides of
March.
2. The words in the blanks signify the Ides of March. This was the day when Caesar
was killed by them to uphold justice, liberty and democracy. Now that they had
power, they were resorting to corrupt practices.
3. Brutus reminds Cassius that the senators who killed Caesar were not murderers.
They killed Caesar in the name of justice. They killed him because he allowed the
robbers to go unpunished. What he means to say is that they should not repeat
those things for which they sacrificed Caesar.
4. Brutus was wrong because they killed Caesar not because he was unjust, but because
he was going to be a despot.
Brutus was not fair to Cassius. He was angry with Cassius because the latter had not
given him money when he needed it.
5. Brutus' behaviour has changed. He appears to be tense and agitated. There is inner
turmoil in him. Perhaps he is so much disturbed due to the death of Portia, his dear
wife.

( QUESTION-3 )

1. The lines are spoken scornfully. Brutus means that Cassius will have to swallow the
poison of his anger and bad temper even if it kills him.
2. Brutus tells Cassius tauntingly that if he shows this kind of anger and ill temper he
will laugh at him. The words pinch Cassius so much that he says "Is it come to
this?"
3. Cassius considers himself better because he has more experience of the world. He
was not justified in his assessment because he was not more experienced than Brutus.
4. Brutus had called Cassius a madman. Secondly, he said to Cassius that he should
frighten his slaves by showing how choleric he is. Brutus will not be frightened. He
was not justified in doing this.
5. The misunderstanding was that when Brutus sent a message that he needed
money to pay the troops, Cassius refused. Cassius justified himself saying that he
did not refuse to give him money but the man who brought this message must be
a fool. Cassius softens towards Brutus when he comes to know that Portia has
died.

( QUESTION-4 )

1. Cassius says that a friend should bear with the weaknesses of a friend but Brutus
does not budge from his hard stand. This frustrates him. Complaints of Cassius were
that Brutus had wronged him many times. He had also disregarded Cassius' letter
written in support of Lucius Pella.
36 Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10
 2. He means to say that his heart is dearer than the wealth of god Pluto. He means to
say that as there is gold enough in Pluto's mine, he has love for Brutus in his heart.
3. Cassius says that he had not denied giving money to Brutus. The man who brought
this message must be mad. He offered his breast to Brutus and said that the man who
denied him money has opened his heart to him. Brutus can take out his heart, his
dearest possession.
4. Brutus pacifies Cassius telling him that he is the partner of a man whose heart is very
soft. He admits that he had taunted him in a bad mood. Thus he ends the quarrel.
We would have ended the quarrel by feeling sorry for the fit of bad temper.
5. A poet enters the scene. He puts them to shame for quarreling among themselves in
this way. Brutus angrily asks him to get out.

( QUESTION-5 )

1. Brutus speaks to Cassius in the first line. He does not want to speak about the death
of Portia. Brutus is upset because he has received letters informing that Antony and
Octavius have gathered great power.
2. He is trying to wave off Portia's thought. He is an idealist and he is trying to use this
philosophy (we must all die one day) in this context.
3. He is a soldier in the army of Cassius. He gives the information that he too has got
letters and by an edict and an order of doom Antony, Lepidus and Octavius have put
to death hundred members of the senate.
4. Brutus suggests that they should march immediately towards Philippi. Cassius does
not agree to this. He says that the enemy would exhaust energy in seeking them,
while they will remain full of strength. So they should not march.
5. Cassius gives good suggestion. But Brutus turns down Cassius' suggestion although
it is more practical. He insists on having his own way and gives arguments which are
impractical. No wonder they lose the battle.

( QUESTION-6 )

1. Brutus explains to Cassius that people between Philippi and Sardis have no goodwill
towards them. If they allow the enemy forces to march to them, the people might join
the enemy. So they should, without giving time to enemy, launch the attack.
2. Just like the tide in the sea, there is tide in the life of men. If the ship misses the tide
it is bound to be stuck up. Similarly if human beings miss the opportunity, the
voyage of life becomes sorrowful. They lose the battle of life.
3. Brutus says that journey of life is comparable to journey of ship. If a ship takes
advantage of the tide it sails smoothly. Similarly if human beings take advantage of
opportunities of life they succeed, otherwise they fail.
4. No, Brutus was not justified in taking advantage of the tide. His decision to march
towards Philippi was wrong that is why his forces faced defeat. He should have
acted upon the suggestion of Cassius which was more practical.

Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 37

 5. Brutus proposes that night has fallen and they should go to sleep so that they can get
up early and leave for Philippi with fresh energy.

QUESTION-7

1. The scene is set in a camp at Sardis. It is the time of midnight and all have gone to
sleep. A candle is burning and Brutus sees Caesar's ghost. It turns his blood cold.
2. The apparition tells Brutus that it is Brutus' evil spirit. It will meet him again at
Philippi. Brutus is alarmed to see the ghost. Had I been in Brutus' place, I too would
have been dumb with fear.
3. The appearance of the ghost adds to tension and excitement. The words of the ghost
are a warning of the coming catastrophe. They point out to the doom of Brutus and
Cassius.
4. Shakespeare knew that the Elizabethans were interested in the supernatural things.
So he brought in the ghost. We feel that it was only a figment of Brutus' imagination.
After the murder of Caesar, Brutus must have been thinking all the time of Caesar.
No wonder his thoughts acquired the form of a spirit and appeared before him. No
other person saw anything.
5. The apparition appears before Brutus in the Philippi fields a night before the final
battle. Brutus tells about this to Voluminus.

Specimen Question Paper

Scene -1

Q.1. 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (d)

Q.2. 1. in legacies
2. Antony's nephew (sister's son), because he has sympathies with the
conspirators.
3. Antony had told in the funeral speech that Caesar had left in his will, seventy
five drachmas for each citizen of Rome. We see that now Antony wants to make
a change in the will. He wants to cut off a part of legacies.
4. The words mean that they are to determine how much money they are to
cut off from the legacies so that they are able to meet the expenses. They are
associated with the will of Caesar.
5. Antony says that Lepidus can't do anything of his own. He is a weak fellow
of no merit. He must be guided and trained as he has no originality. Secondly,
he imitates others. Thirdly, he is just a property like a piece of furniture. This
shows that Antony is very selfish and has a poor opinion of others.
Q. 3. 1. 'You' means Antony and 'him' means Lepidus. Octavius wants to point out
that if he (Antony) had such a poor opinion about Lepidus then why he took
Lepidus to vote as to who should be condemned to die.

38 Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10

 2. Black sentence is capital punishment and proscription means the list of laws for
those people who are condemned by the state to die, and their properties are to
be confiscated by the government.
3. 'Him' i.e., Lepidus is compared to his horse by Antony. Octavius differs from
Antony. In this opinion Lepidus is a tried and valiant soldier.
4. There is complete change in the person addressed as 'you' i.e, Antony. In the
earlier scene he was a lover, well wisher and friend of the common men, but
now he is a shrewd, selfish, practical and ruthless politician.
5. 'You' i.e. Antony in this extract appears to be selfish, clever, manipulator and
revengeful.
Scene -2

Q.1. 1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (c)

Q.2. 1. The scene takes place in a camp near Sardis. Lucilius is trusted soldier and
body guard of Brutus. 'He' is Cassius.
2. Cassius is coming to meet Brutus. He is quite near, just at hand. He has come to
bring to Brutus greetings from his master, Cassius.
3. Brutus tells him that his master Cassius has given him strong cause to certain
things Cassius has done. He adds that he would like to have satisfactory
answer from Cassius. Pindarus replies that he will be satisfied with his master's
explanation.
4. Lucilius tells Brutus that Cassius greeted him with due respect but he lacked
the former friendliness with which he used to talk with him in the past.
5. Brutus tells Lucilius that he has well described a warm friend becoming cold.
When love begins to decay it makes use of strained courtesy.
Q.3. 1. Brutus has told Lucilius that there are no tricks in simple honesty. Insincere
men make a great show and promise of high quality but when they are put to
test their heads fall, they fail.
2. Cassius accuses Brutus that he has done him wrong. He adds that his
seriousness hides the injustice he has done to him.
3. The words of Brutus are significant. He means to say that he does not wrong
even his enemies so why would he wrong a brother.
4. Outburst of Cassius tells us that he is very suspicious. He has begun to doubt
his friend Brutus. Seriousness of Brutus seems to him hypocrisy.
5. Brutus accuses Cassius of not sending him certain sums of money in gold
which he badly needed. Brutus would prefer to be a mad dog than to be a
corrupt Roman who takes bribe.
Scene -3
Q.1. 1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (a)
Q.2. 1. Brutus goes on to remind Cassius the Ides of March, the day when Caesar was
killed. The reason is that they killed Caesar in the name of justice and now how
he can tolerate injustice.
Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 39
 2. The word chastisement means punishment. Brutus means to say that Cassius
himself is being criticised for corrupt practices. But he has not been punished
for it. The reason is that the 'name' Cassius protects it.
3. Cassius is shocked to hear the word 'chastisement'. He warns Brutus not to
provoke him because he is a more experienced and efficient man.
4. Brutus insults Cassius saying that he will have to bear these accusations of
being corrupt. He further asks him to go and show his bad temper to his slaves
and not to him as he will not be frightened by it.
5. Brutus will never indulge in dishonourable practices to raise money. He would
rather die than extract money from the poor peasants. This tells us that Brutus
is a very honest man.
Q. 3. 1. In extreme exasperation, Cassius calls out to Antony and young Octavius to
come and wreck vengeance on him. He does so because he is fed up with the
world.
2. Cassius says that he is weary of this world because :
(i) He is hated by Brutus whom he loves ;
(ii) All his defects have been carefully examined, written down and studied;
(iii) He has become a subject for mirth and laughter to Brutus.
3. He tries to justify that he has not wronged Brutus by offering his dagger and
his naked chest to him. He says that the charge that he refused gold to Brutus is
wrong. Brutus can take his heart which is more precious than gold.
4. Brutus used 'Simile' to describe his anger. He says that his anger is like the flint
which keeps its spark within but when struck violently, it gives a quick spark.
Then it is cold. Brutus too, when provoked flares up and then becomes calm.
5. When Cassius offers his dagger and his chest to Brutus, the latter softens. He
admits that he was in bad temper when he used derogatory words for Cassius.
Thus the reconciliation takes place.
Act-V Scene -1
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (b) 7. (c)

8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (c) 11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (b)
15.(b) 16. (c) 17. (b)

CONTEXT QUESTIONS

QUESTION-1

1. Antony tells Octavius that they (Brutus and Cassius) have come down to attack to
intimidate them, to show that they are full of strength.

40 Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10

 2. The messenger informs them that the enemy is advancing in a brave array and red
flag is displayed. Antony advises Octavius to lead the army slowly on the left side.
Octavius disagrees with this. He says that he would lead the right wing. Earlier also
Octavius did not want to wait but Antony had his say.
3. Under leadership of Brutus, they had decided to meet the enemy at Philippi. Brutus'
argument was that if they waited and allowed the enemy to march through the
district, the people there would join them. They would be reinforced. They wanted to
cut them off from this advantage.
4. Antony taunts Brutus that alongwith his bad blow he uses good words also. Antony
accuses him that they did not even warn Caesar before they stabbed him. It was most
unethical. Antony compares them to dogs. They were kissing Caesar's feet while
Casca stabbed from behind.
5. Octavius shows his capability when he draws out his sword and throws a challenge
that he will not put it back till he has avenged thirty three wounds that were inflicted
on Caesar's body or he will be killed by them.

( QUESTION-2 )

1. When they were coming from Sardis two big eagles alighted on their foremost
standards and ate from the soldiers. In the morning there were ravens, crows and
kites flying and looking down on them. Cassius feels that their shadows were like a
fatal canopy under which their army was lying.
2. Cassius tells Messala that in the morning he saw ravens, crows and kites flying and
looking down on them as if they were sick animals of prey. Their shadows looked
like a fatal canopy.
3. Here it appears that Cassius has become superstitious internally he is afraid so the
flying of crows and kites seems inauspicious.
Earlier he never believed in omens but of late he has started believing in
superstitious happenings.
4. Cassius had always believed in the doctrines of Epicurus. But now he has discarded
this philosophy because he has seen that omens foretell the future. This shows that
he has begun to believe in superstitions.
5. Cassius was more practical and experienced than Brutus. But he allowed himself to
be led by Brutus. Brutus committed one after the other many mistakes. Due to these
mistakes of Brutus Cassius faced the down fall.

( QUESTION-3 )

1. Brutus has just said that he would endure with patience whatever is ordained by
gods who govern the lives of men.
2. The losers in the battle were tied and led in a triumphant march through the
streets of Rome.

Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 41

 3. Brutus says that it is impossible to think that Brutus will ever go as a prisoner to
Rome. He feels that he has a mind too noble to suffer such disgrace. This shows that
he is truly honourable.
4. The Ides of March was the day when Caesar was killed by the conspirators. His
murder led to a civil strife in Rome and many Romans were killed.
5. Brutus and Cassius do not meet again. They are compelled by pressing
circumstances to commit suicide. They are not ready to face dishonour.

QUESTION-4

1. Must end that work the Ides of March begun.

2. The speaker is Brutus. He is speaking to Cassius.
3. The work begun by Brutus and others was to remove despotism and injustice by
murdering Caesar. This day was significant because it was Ides of March.
4. As a result of this, people rose in revolt against them. They had to run away leaving
their homes. They had to fight battle with Antony and Octavius which they lost.
5. 'He' referred to in the extract is Brutus. He would never surrender to be taken to
Rome as a prisoner.
6. 'He' is brave and honest.
Act - V Scene - 2
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (a)

CONTEXT QUESTIONS
QUESTION-1

1. The scene takes place on the plains of Philippi. Bills means written orders. It means
Cassius and his troops. The literary device is repetition.
2. He has a misconception that he has broken the will of Octavius' army.
3. He gives the order to attack too early.
4. His over confidence is shown in this scene.
5. This strategy of Brutus becomes the cause of his doom. He wanted to prevent
Antony from strengthening the forces but he failed.

QUESTION-2
1. The speaker is Brutus. He is giving instructions to Messala.
2. No, he is not giving appropriate instructions. It is only his presumption that Octavius
is fighting half heartedly and his will is broken.
3. This extract shows that the speaker is impulsive and headstrong.
4. And sudden push gives them the overthrow Ride, Ride, Messala let them come
down.
5. The speaker seems to be confident of their victory.
42 Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10
Act - V Scene - 3
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7.(b)

8.(b) 9. (c) 10. (b) 11. (c) 12. (c) 13. (c) 14.(b)
15.(b) 16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (a)

CONTEXT QUESTIONS
QUESTION-1

1. He is referring to his own men i.e., men of his army.

2. Ensign means standard bearer.
3. Brutus gave the order to attack too early. The result was terrible defeat of their forces.
4. Cassius and Titinius were surrounded by the army of Antony and Octavius.
5. Yes, he realizes his mistake but it is too late then. He expresses his great grief at the
death of Cassius.

QUESTION-2

1. Cassius asks Pindarus to climb to the top of the hill and keep eyes on Titinius and tell
him what is happening.
Pindarus is the trusted companion of Cassius whom he took as a prisoner in Parthia.
2. Cassius says that the wheel of time has come full circle. His birthday will also be the
day of his death.
3. Pindarus gives the news that Titinius has been surrounded by horsemen who are
spurring towards him. Presumably he has been taken prisoner.
Cassius feels sad and laments that he is a coward who is still alive to see his friend
taken prisoner.
4. The day is significant because on this day Cassius was born and he was going to die.
5. Cassius had advised that they should let the enemy seek them, let them exhaust their
energy. They should not attack first.
Brutus disregarded this practical advice. Cassius then unwillingly agreed to Brutus'
plan to attack.

QUESTION-3

1. The tidings that the army of Brutus had gained advantage over Octavius' army.
2. Cassius is found dead by Titinius and Messala.
3. Titinius expresses his devotion to Cassius with the words that the glory of Rome has
gone. He adds all that made their lives worthwhile has gone.

Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 43

 4. The word used is 'Roman's part'.
5. We feel pity for Cassius. Yes. His part was justified. He being a brave Roman could
not bear the disgrace of being tied and taken as a prisoner.

( QUESTION-4 )

1. It was disbelief regarding the success of their mission. Cassius believed whatever
was reported to him by Pindarus who was watching from a distance. Realising that
his friend Titinius had been captured he became so pessimistic that he decided to
commit suicide.
2. Pindarus is called because Cassius does not want him to watch any more.
Soon after stabbing Cassius, Pindarus leaves the scene.
3. He kills himself with the sword of Cassius. It proves that he was the most obedient
companion of Cassius.
4. Seeing the dead body of Cassius, Brutus realizes what has happened. He remembers
Caesar who is mighty even after his death. He feels it is Caesar's spirit that is turning
the swords of the conspirators in their own bosom.
5. He calls Cassius, the last of all Romans, whose like Rome would not breed again.
6. Brutus realizes that the death of Cassius has broken his back and now the defeat of
the conspirators is certain. 'Cassius' death foretells their doom.

( QUESTION-5 )

1. The speaker is Titinius. He is speaking as if to Cassius whose dead body is lying in

front of him.
2. Cassius had misunderstood what Pindarus told him. In fact it was Pindarus who
misunderstood that Titinius had been taken prisoner by the army of Antony. Cassius
believed whatever was reported to him. He misunderstood the victory for defeat.
3. He kills himself with the sword of Cassius. He feels that committing suicide to
escape dishonour is worthy of a Roman.
4. Soon after Titinius had committed suicide Messala, Brutus, young Cato, Strato and
Voluminus enter.
Cato praises Titinius for not forgetting to place the wreath of victory on the brow of
Cassius even though he was dead.
5. Yes, Caesar's spirit truly took revenge from the conspirators. Caesar dead proved to
be more powerful than Caesar alive as his spirit turned the swords of his enemies
into their own bosoms.

( QUESTION-6 )

1. Brutus pays his homage to Cassius and Titinius calling them the last of all the
Romans because it is impossible that Rome will ever produce their equals.
2. He is speaking about Cassius and Titinius whose dead bodies are lying before him.
3. He sends Cassius' dead body to Thasos. He proposes to do this because if the funeral
ceremonies are performed there it would upset their troops.

44 Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10

 4. He instructs Lucilius and young Cato to accompany him to the battle field to try their
fortune in the second battle.
5. It reveals that Brutus is a brave and courageous soldier with a firm determination.
Both Brutus and Cassius were brave soldiers who fought to the last and preferred
death to dishonour while Cassius was more practical, wise, cunning and clever,
Brutus was noble, honest and true to his word.
Act - V Scene - 4
1. (b) 2. (d) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (a)

CONTEXT QUESTIONS
QUESTION-1

1. Young Cato. He is in another part of the field.

2. A foe to tyrants and to my country's friend.
3. An enemy soldier enters. A fight ensues in which Cato is overpowered and falls
down.
4. Lucilius compares the speaker to Titinius.
5. The speaker is killed in a fight with the enemy soldier.

QUESTION-2

1. He wants to dodge the enemy soldiers so that Brutus gets time to escape.
2. Lucilius offers the soldier money to kill him and win the honour of killing Brutus.
3. He is treated with kindness by Antony who wants to have him as friend.
4. It shows that Lucilius who was so loyal to his master Brutus would also prove to be a
loyal friend.
5. Antony here is portrayed as a clever statesman who can win over even enemy
soldiers. He does not believe in senseless murdering.
Act - V Scene - 5
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (a)

8. (a) 9. (d) 10. (a) 11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (a)

CONTEXT QUESTIONS
QUESTION-1

1. By these words Brutus implies the remainder of his friends.

2. He assumes that Statilius must have been slain. It reveals that Brutus is completely
broken.

Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 45

 3. Brutus has asked Clitus to help him commit suicide.
4. Brutus makes the request to kill him to Clitus, Dardanius, Voluminus and Strato. The
request is to hold the sword while he runs on it. Each one of them refuses to comply
with the request.
5. Yes, he was being honourable. He was opting for death to dishonour. For a brave
soldier death is preferable to dishonour.

( QUESTION-2 )

1. at Sardis once
in Philippi fields
my hour is
2. They are in another part of the field.
Besides Brutus and Voluminus, Clitus and Dardanius are also there.
3. Brutus requested Clitus to hold the sword so that he could run on it and commit
suicide. This indicates that Clitus has great respect for Brutus. He would rather kill
himself than do that.
4. The prophecy of the ghost came true when Brutus committed suicide with his
own sword. In the first part it is Caesar. In the second part it is his spirit. This is so
because Caesar and his spirit dominate the play.
5. He was a soldier in the army of Caesar.

( QUESTION-3 )

1. Brutus grows sentimental. It is the tone of relief not of regret. He feels he has been
fortunate that he had sincere friends around him.
2. He will have great glory that he remained true to his ideals and fought for freedom
against tyranny.
3. He requests Strato to hold his sword while he runs upon it and commits suicide.
4. His last words are "Caesar, now be still,". They imply that now Caesar's enemies
have been avenged, his spirit should be still and rest in peace.
5. Undoubtedly Caesar dead proves more powerful than Caesar alive. After Caesar's
death there is a civil war. People rise in revolt and conspirators have to run away
leaving their hearths and homes. In the battle too, Caesar's spirit roam about turning
the swords of the conspirators into their own bosoms. One by one all those who
conspired against Caesar are killed.

( QUESTION-4 )

1. Antony pays tribute to Brutus. Eight conspirators headed by Cassius are included in
all.
2. Antony says, "This was a man". Elements of nature - earth, fire, air and water-were
mixed in Brutus.
According to Elizabethans, the four elements were present in human body but the
nature of man was determined by which element was in excess.
46 Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10
 3. Octavius orders that with all due respect funeral rites of burial will be performed for
Brutus. Yes, Brutus deserved this honour because he gave his life for his ideals.
4. Disloyality is a highly punishable offence. It may be in a person of high rank, it
deserves to be condemned and the disloyal person should be punished.
5. The person i.e., Brutus got a respectful burial with proper observance of funeral rites.
This shows that the person was honoured by friends as well as enemies.
6. Yes, the ending of the play is quite convincing. The evil doers are appropriately
punished. Due punishment for murder is death penalty and all the conspirators were
killed.

Specimen Question Paper

Act - V Scene - 1

Q.1. 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (a)

Q.2. 1. They are compared to monkeys that humbled before Caesar.
2. He says that Casca stabbed Caesar from the back like a cowardly cur.
3. Octavius takes the oath that his sword will not go back in its sheath till he has
avenged the thirty three wounds inflicted on Caesar. It shows that Octavius
was affectionate nephew of Caesar whom he loved very much.
4. According to Brutus the most noble death for Octavius would be the death by
his hands.
5. Cassius assesses Octavius to be a peevish school boy worthless of such an
honour. His assessment is incorrect.
Q.3. 1. Cassius is speaking to Messala. This day completes his life circle because he
was born on this day.
2. He tells Messala that he has been a follower of the philosophy of Epicurus. He
never believed in omens. But now his mind is changed. He feels that omens do
tell about future events.
3. He compares himself to Pompey who was compelled to set all his liberties on
one battle.
4. In the morning when they started from Sardis he saw two mighty eagles which
sat on their foremost standard. But now in Philippi he saw ravens, crows and
kites flying and looking down on them.
5. Cassius is completely disillusioned. That is why he says, "For ever, and for
ever, farewell".
Brutus, too, is frustrated as he wishes to see the result of the battle soon.
Scene -2

Q.1. 1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (b)

Q.2. 1. The speaker is Brutus. He is in the plains of Philippi.
2. He is trusted soldier and friend of Brutus.

Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 47

 3. Bills are messages, i.e., written orders. Cassius is to revive the bills.
4. They contain the instruction to attack immediately as army led by Octavius
lacks zeal.
5. It is repetition ; 'Legions' means division of the other wing under charge of
Cassius.
Q.3. 1. The speaker is Brutus. Messala is being spoken to.
2. The speaker is hopeful that they will defeat the army led by Octavius.
3. They are alive with troop movements.
4. It is a section of army led by Octavius. It is lack of will to fight.
5. The speaker is going to give the order to attack too early. He is committing the
error due to his wrong assessment of the situation.
Scene -3

Q.1. 1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (a)

Q.2. 1. Cassius is speaking to Pindarus. He is disillusioned and wants Pindarus to help
him in committing suicide.
2. He had saved the listener's life.
3. He had taken the oath that he would do whatever Cassius asked him to do. He
has mistaken the horsemen of Brutus' army to be soldiers of Octavius.
4. Cassius requests him to hold his sword firmly and plunge it into his heart.
5. He runs away to a far distant land where no Roman can see him. He does so
because after the death of Cassius, his master, he is free to go anywhere.
Q.3. 1. Brutus is in a part of the battlefield in Philippi. He refers to Cassius as the last
of all the Romans.
2. The two Romans are Cassius and Titinius. He is doing so because they are dead
and he is parting from them forever.
3. He instructs his friends to send the dead body of Cassius to Thasos.
4. He is completely broken. Even then he orders his remaining soldiers to return
to the battlefield. He wants to risk the chances of a second battle.
5. The extract reveals that Brutus is a sincere friend and brave soldier. He wants
to fight the battle to the last, though he is broken.
Scene -4
Q.1. 1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (a)
Q.2. 1. Young Cato is the son of Marcus Cato : He is called noble because he died for a
noble cause.
2. He is compared to Titinius, because he has died bravely as Titinius.
3. By pretending to be Brutus, he has given time to Brutus to escape.
4. He has performed this noble task only to save Brutus.
5. He recognises Lucilius. He orders his men to take him a prisoner but treat him
kindly as he is an important man.
48 Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10
 Q.3. 1. He is confident because he knows they will not be able to capture him alive.
2. He is sure because he knows that Brutus would prefer death to dishonour.
Instead of being captured he would commit suicide.
3. Antony remarks that Lucilius is a prisoner no less important than Brutus.
4. He instructs his soldiers that Lucilius should be taken prisoner but he should be
treated with kindness.
5. It reveals that Antony is a very shrewd statesman. He knows how to turn
enemies into friends. He wants to have loyal men like Lucilius with him.
Scene - 5
Q.1. 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (a)
Q.2. 1. He has helped Brutus in committing suicide.
2. He is in the captivity of his enemies, Antony and Octavius.
3. It means that the conquerers can do him no harm. They can only burn his body.
4. Octavius enters the scene. He intends to employ all those persons who served
under Brutus.
5. It reveals that he is a noble and brave soldier who has no enmity with the
enemy soldiers.
Q.3. 1. Antony speaks these words. These words are said in the honour of Brutus.
2. Elements of nature are earth, water, fire, air. Elizabethans believed that
these elements are present in human body. The nature of man is determined
by which element was in excess. In Brutus all the elements were in right
proportion.
3. Octavius shows respect by saying that all rites of funeral will be performed for
Brutus. He will have due honour. His body will rest in the tent of Octavius till
burial.
4. He gives order to call the army to rest.
5. It reveals that he is a brave, noble and just leader. He would make a good ruler
because he is not prejudiced against anyone.

♦♦ ♦ ♦

Teacher's Handbook Julius Caesar: WB - 9 & 10 49