UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT
TEST NO: 1 Assessment No. 4 (867986)
Semester Course
WTE1501
Water Engineering I
Examiner: P Raophala Moderator: S Mathenjwa
Date and Duration: 19 July 2021 (1 hour 30 Minutes) Marks: 40
Weight of Assessment: 35% CLOSED BOOK
INSTRUCTIONS TO ALL STUDENTS:
This Assessment consists of 3 pages (including cover page)
Honor Pledge: I have neither given nor received aid on the assignment.
Plagiarism is the act of taking words, ideas and thoughts of others and presenting it
as your own. It is a form of theft which involves a number of dishonest academic
activities.
• Answer all questions
• Read the instructions and questions carefully
• Your exam questions are enclosed in this document.
• Answer all questions and show all your calculations.
• Round off to 3 decimal places.
• Write clearly using black ink. No pencil, unless you are using it for drawing.
• Pay careful attention to the allocated marks.
• Submit your exam script as one pdf file.
• No multiple camera rotations. If you take photos of your work in portrait, do
this for all pages. Same goes for landscape view.
• Do not mix portrait views with landscape views.
Applicable Graduate Attribute: None
Welcome to the School of Engineering.
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WTE1501 Major Test 1
Question 1
1.1 Choose if the following statements are True or False
1. Orifices are piece of pipes of a length that is 4 times the diameter that are fitted
in a fluid container to measure flow rate. (1)
2. Co-efficient of discharge is always higher when compared to that of co-efficient
of velocity. (1)
3. Triangular weir is mostly referred to as Cipolletti. (1)
4. Velocity of approach is used to determine additional head in weirs and not in
notches. (1)
5. An ogee is a type of notch. (1)
6. You can empty the dam using either rectangular notch or triangular, the time
would still be the same. (1)
7. In hydrostatics, the centre of pressure is a product of second moment of area
and the first moment of area. (1)
8. In continuity equation, Qincoming = Qincoming x Cross sectional area. (1)
9. Meta center simply means, the point about which a body starts oscillating when
the body is tilted by a small angle.
1.2 Match the formula/equation in column A with the correct principle in column B (5)
Column A Column B
Formula/equation Principle
𝑄1 −𝑄2 a. % error
1.
𝑄
𝑝1 𝑣12 𝑝2 𝑣22 b. Total head/
2. + + 𝑧1 − + + 𝑧2 = ℎ𝐿 Total energy
𝜌𝑔 2𝑔 𝜌𝑔 2𝑔
2 3/2 3/2 c. Small orifice
3. 𝑄 = × 𝐶𝑑 × 𝑏 × √2𝑔 × [𝐻2 − 𝐻1 ]
3
𝑝 𝑣2 d. Real fluids
4. = + +𝑧
𝜌𝑔 2𝑔
e. Large orifice
5. 𝑄1 = 𝐶𝑑 × 𝑎 × √2𝑔ℎ
[14 Marks]
1
WTE1501 Major Test 1
Question 2
Differentiate between notches and weirs with respect to the following aspects:
(i) Where they are placed/constructed (2)
(ii) Material they are made from (2)
(iii) Their sizes (2)
1
(iv) Three examples of each, based on the shape of the opening.( eachx6 = 3)
2
[9 Marks]
Question 3
To solve Question 3.1 and 3.2, use your student number’s first and second digits to
replace the value of X and Y as explained below.
X = 1st digit of your student number
Y = 2nd digit of your student number
For example: Student number: 49634053 (Use your own student number)
4 9 6 3 4 0 5 3
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th last
3.1 In Figure 1 below, a rectangular orifice 0,X m wide is discharging water from a
vessel. If treated as a small orifice, the discharge Q = 3,1XY m3/s, with a
percentage error of 0,01X. Determine the depth (d in meters) of an orifice if the
discharge through the orifice, Cd = 0.6 and H1 = 0,X. Show all your steps. (10)
H1
H H2
Figure1
3.2 Fluid is flowing through a pipe of 0,1 m diameter under a gauge pressure of 29,XY
N/cm2 with mean velocity of X m/s. Determine the total head (in meters) per unit
weight of the fluid at a cross-sectional area which is Y m above datum. specific
gravity of the fluid = 0,X. (N/m2 = N/cm2104). Work in meters and show all your
steps. (7)
[17 Marks]
[Total Mark = 40]
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