Architectural Concept

1.1. Criteria for Class C Hospitals

A. Class C hospitals are hospitals that have facilities and medical service capabilities, at least basic
specialist medical services and special medical support services. For class C hospitals, the
medical personnel that must be fulfilled include; 9 general practitioners to provide basic medical
services, 2 general dentists to provide dental and oral medical services, 1 specialist doctor for
each type of supporting specialist medical service. Have a minimum bed capacity of 100 units
B. Facilities and medical service capabilities at Class C Hospitals
1. General Medical Services, consisting of:
– Basic Medical Services
– Basic Dental Medical Services
– Maternal and child health services/ family planning services
2. Emergency Services
3. Specialist Medical Services, consisting of:
– Internal Medicine Services
– Child Health Services
– Surgery
– Obstetrics and Gynecology
4. Dental and Oral Specialist Medical Services, minimum 1 (one) service.
5. Support Specialist Services, consisting of:
– Anesthesiology Services
– Radiology
– Medical Rehabilitation
– Clinical Pathology
6. Nursing and Midwifery Services, consisting of:
– Nursing care services
– Midwifery care services
7. Clinical Support Services, consisting of:
– Intensive care
– Blood Services
– Nutrition
– Pharmacy
– Instrument Sterilization
– Medical Records
8. Non-Clinical Support Services, consisting of:
– Laundry
– Catering / Kitchen
– Facilities Engineering and Maintenance
– Waste Management
– Storage
– Ambulance
– Communication
– Morgue
– Firefighter
– Medical Gas Management
– Clean Water Reservoir
9. Administrative Services
 – Information & patient admissions
– Finance
– Personnel
– Security
– Hospital Information System

1.2. Technical Requirements for Hospital Buildings

Technical requirements for hospital buildings according to the Regulation of the Minister of
Health of Republic Indonesia Number 24 of 2016, concerning technical requirements for
hospital buildings and infrastructure, include:

A. Lokasi Rumah Sakit

1. Geographical

a. topography affects the structural, architectural and electromechanical planning of the

hospital. In addition, site topography also affects drainage planning, road conditions at the
construction site, etc.
b. The hospital location provisions are as follows:
– No excessive noise and air pollution from various sources.
– Not on the edge of the slope
– Not near the foot of the mountain which is prone to landslides.
– Not near rivers or bodies of water that could erode the foundation.
– Not on an active fault line
– Not in a tsunami prone area
– Not in flood areas
– Not in a hurricane zone
– Not in hurricane prone areas
– Not near Broadcasting station

2. The location of the hospital construction must be carried out in a location that is in
accordance with the designation specified in local land use and construction regulations.

3. The location must be easily accessible to the public or close to the highway, especially with
public transportation. Pedestrian access must be accessible to people with disabilities.

4. Hospital parking infrastructure planning is very important because parking facilities and
vehicle entrances will occupy a lot of land. For example, the ideal parking space for a
hospital is calculated between 37.5m2 and 5 m2 per bed (including vehicle traffic) or
adjusted to local socio-economic conditions. Parking lots must have signs. The arrangement
of parking spaces in the yard must not reduce the identified green open space

5. Hospital Utilities must ensure the availability of clean water, electricity and telephone lines
24 hours a day.

6. Every hospital must be equipped with environmental health management facilities.

B. Building shape

1. The shape of the hospital building is made as symmetrical as possible to predict damage
due to earthquakes.
 2. The shape of a hospital building must take into account comfort, air and light circulation,
and harmony with the environment.

3. Determining the model of a hospital building, both vertical and horizontal, is adjusted to
the hospital's medical service needs, local culture, natural conditions, climate, land
availability and budget.

C. Zoning

Zoning of space is the division or grouping of rooms based on the similarity of functional
characteristics that work for a specific purpose. Hospital zoning includes zoning based on the
risk of disease transmission, zoning based on confidentiality, and zoning based on services.

1. Zoning based on the level of risk of disease transmission consists of:

a. Low-risk areas include administrative and secretarial rooms, meeting rooms, medical
records/files.

b. Medium risk areas, including non-communicable disease prevention and outpatient

care area.

c. High-risk areas, including emergency rooms, infectious disease wards, intensive care
units, delivery rooms, laboratories, funeral homes, x-ray rooms.

d. Very high risk areas, including operating rooms.

2. Zoning based on activity privacy consists of:

a. Public Spaces, especially spaces in hospitals that can be directly accessed by the public,
especially outpatient rooms, emergency rooms, pharmacies, radiology rooms,
laboratories.

b. Semi-Public Areas, especially areas within the hospital environment that are restricted
to the public, including hospital rooms, diagnostic rooms, hemodialysis rooms.

c. Private Room, namely a room that is not intended for hospital visitors such as intensive
care rooms, operating rooms, maternity wards, sterilization wards, staff wards.

3. Zoning based on services, consisting of:

a. Medical and nursing service rooms include outpatient rooms, emergency rooms,
intensive care rooms, operating rooms, obstetric rooms, inpatient rooms, and
hemodialysis rooms. The location of the medical and nursing service areas must be
ensured to be noise-free.
b. Support and operating areas, including pharmacy, x-ray room, laboratory, sterilization
room
c. General and administrative support zones, including secretarial and administrative
rooms, meeting rooms, medical records rooms.
D. Technical Requirements for Interior room

1. Outpatient Room

a. The location of the outpatient room must be easily accessible from the main entrance
of the hospital and easily accessible from the medical records room, pharmacy room, x-
ray room and laboratory.
 b. The outpatient department must have a waiting room with adequate capacity and based
on an assessment of service needs.
c. The design of the clinic in the outpatient area must ensure patient privacy. If there is an
infectious disease clinic in the outpatient room, its location and design must ensure that
the spread of infectious diseases can be controlled.

2. Inpatient Room

a. The location of the room should be in a quiet, safe and comfortable place.
b. Hospital rooms must be easily accessible from other service support rooms.
c. Inpatient rooms should be separated by gender, age and disease.

3. Emergency Room

a. The location of the ER must be directly accessible from the highway and be free of
obstacles.
b. The location of the emergency room should allow quick and easy access to the hospital's
operating room, maternity ward, x-ray room, laboratory, pharmacy and blood bank.
c. The entrance to the emergency room must be equipped with signage, clear signage and
traffic guidance elements.
d. The design of the emergency room layout must be able to support the speed of service
delivery.

4. Surgery room

a. Types of operating rooms in hospitals include additional operating rooms, general

operating rooms, and main operating rooms.
b. The operating room layout design must meet zoning requirements based on room
sterility, including:
– Low Sterile Area
– Medium Sterile Area
– High Sterile Area
– Very High Sterile Area
c. If the operating room is shared with other rooms in the same building, the operating
room should be a separate compartment.
d. Operating room ventilation systems must be filtered and monitored and separated from
other hospital ventilation systems for infection control and prevention purposes.
e. In addition to meeting the requirements, the ventilation system must be separate from
one operating room to another.

5. Intensive Care Room

a. The location of the intensive care unit should be easily accessible from the operating
room, emergency room and other medical support rooms.
b. The floor area of each hospital bed in an intensive care unit must be sufficient to
accommodate equipment and space for staff to handle the patient.
c. If a special care room is used together with other rooms in the same building, the special
care room must be a compartment.
d. In the case of intensive care units having isolation treatment rooms for patients with
infectious diseases, the design of the room layout and circulation flow of officers and
patients must be able to minimize the risk of spreading infection.
1.3. Space organization
A. Outpatient Installation

B. Wards Installation
C. Intensive Care Unit Installation (ICU / ICCU)

D. Surgical Emergency
E. Pharmaceutical Installation

F. Administration Units & Medical Records

G. Nutrition / Kitchen Installation

H. Laundry Installation
I. Electrical & Mechanical Workshop Installation

J. Administration And Director

1.4. Building Mass Concept

A. LAYOUT

B. PERSPECTIVE