Ch a t G P T In t e g r a t e d wi t h Vo i c e As s i s t a n t as L e a r n i n g Or a l

Ch a t - b a s e d Co n s t r u c t i v e Co m m u n i c a t i o n to Im p r o v e

Co m m u n i c a t i v e Co m p e t e n c e fo r E F L L ea r n e r s

Zhou Wei

Je o n b u k Na t i o n a l Un i v e r s i t y

Abs t ra ct

Chat GPT belongs to the category of Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT)

language models, which have received specialized training to produce text based on natural

language inputs. Its purpose is to imitate human-like conversation and can be implemented in

multiple applications, such as chatbots, virtual assistants, and language translation systems,

starting with an introduction to the new trends and differences between artificial intelligence,

machine learning, and artificial neural networks, and highlighting the rigorous language logic

and powerful text generation capabilities of Chat GPT. This paper delves into how advances

in artificial intelligence will shape e-learning in the coming decades, particularly in terms of

Chat- GPT's ability to improve learners' Communicative Competence when English is a

second language. The combination of new trends in artificial intelligence, mainly in the

particular case of English as a second language, and, at the academic level, chatbot

technology, will be the next step in the replacement of the human academic community by

virtual assistants, apparently until a certain point. Despite the controversy, this very

innovative solution will be able to bridge the gap between technology and education.

Moreover, such innovative practices facilitate communication by enabling its inclusion in

various applications, including virtual assistants, chatbots, and language education.

Keyword: Chat GPT, artificial intelligence, Communicative Competence,

Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)

1. Introduction

1.1Background and Purpose

In recent years, the creation of sophisticated artificial intelligence technology has

transformed the way individuals approach learning English, particularly when it comes to

Communicative Competence. With the advent of AI voice recognition software and

automated dialogue-generating models, like Chat GPT, English learners can now practice

their speaking skills at any given time. ChatGPT is the idea of the San Francisco, California-

based AI company OpenAI. The business released GPT-3 in 2020, a sort of artificial

intelligence known as a big language model that generates text by sifting through billions of

words of training data and understanding the relationships between words and phrases. GPT-

3 is at the forefront of an A.I. revolution, provoking philosophical debates about its

boundaries and a multitude of potential uses, such as summarizing legal texts and assisting

computer programmers. ChatGPT is derived from an enhanced version of GPT-3 and is

optimized for user interaction.

Chat GPT is an AI model that can generate and respond to human-like dialogue

prompts. As an innovative and personable tool for English learning, it has garnered

significant interest and appreciation among students seeking to improve their Communicative

Competence skills. What differentiates Chat GPT from traditional language learning tools is

that it allows learners to converse in English with ease by generating conversations that are

both entertaining and informative. Chat GPT has extraordinary intelligence compared to other
chatbots. Chat GPT Open AI is a model of Instruct GPT, which is trained to quickly follow

instructions and provide detailed responses. Interestingly, Chat GPT from OpenAI is

designed to remember questions that have been asked before and can correct themselves

according to feedback（Ilman,2023）.[1].

1.2 Significance of the Study

Artificial intelligence (AI) is recognized for its potential to improve cognitive abilities

and foster creativity. As a result, educators are facing mounting expectations to integrate

technology into their teaching methodologies, and better equip students to thrive in an

interconnected, globalized society. However, it remains uncertain what specific competencies

and abilities are required for individuals to effectively navigate this reality（Chun,2016）[2].

Most foreign language teachers today have readily adopted the communicative objective as

the primary principle guiding classroom activities. The communicative approach has been

widely adopted in teaching practice. With Chat GPT, English learners can practice their

conversational skills with a variety of topics, including daily life situations, job interviews,

and academic discussions. Chat GPT uses natural language processing and machine learning

algorithms to understand human interactions and provide personalized responses that can

improve accent and fluency.

According to Fitria , the main purpose of technology is to aid human activities and

enhance productivity（Fitria,2023）[3]. One such technology is Artificial Intelligence (AI),

which allows computer systems, software, and robots to emulate human-like thinking and

behavior. AI aims to simulate human intelligence with the help of computers to function like

humans . AI-powered chatbots are becoming increasingly popular across several industries,

including customer service. These chatbots use natural language processing (NLP) and deep
learning techniques to converse with humans via text-based online chats . By providing an

artificially intelligent language partner, Chat GPT has helped to mitigate the age-old problem

of not having a speaking partner. GPT-3 has the ability to generate text based on a given

prompt, and it will generate text regardless of whether the task is simple or complex, logical

or nonsensicalThis impressive ability of GPT-3 comes from its advanced deep learning

algorithms and massive data sets that it has been programmed with. It has been trained on a

diverse set of language data, from news articles to novels, and can generate both coherent and

engaging responses. However, since it lacks an understanding of the meaning behind the

prompt, the text produced by GPT-3 can sometimes be inaccurate or even nonsensical.

Therefore, it is crucial to carefully examine and edit the output generated by GPT-3 before

using it. Nonetheless, the potential applications of GPT-3 are vast, from language translation

to content creation, and it will undoubtedly play a significant role in shaping the future of

natural language processing(Jayasri,2021)[4]. English learners can now have engaging and

meaningful conversations with Chat GPT, avoiding the potential monotony of rehearsing

scripted, static conversations.

Chat GPT could also be a Mobile learning application which is a dynamic platform

that offers learners boundless opportunities to access educational resources, connect with

individuals from diverse backgrounds, and communicate without any geographical or

temporal constraints. This innovative approach to learning enables learners to reflect on their

progress, negotiate to mean, and achieve authentic feedback ubiquitously, which ultimately

aids in developing their second language proficiency. By presenting educational resources

and relevant information to mobile devices, mobile learning enhances the efficiency of

learning activities, such as stimulating students' enthusiasm for EFL learning in a university

setting. Furthermore, with the flexibility and accessibility provided by mobile learning,

learners can personalize their learning experience and cater to their individual learning needs
and goals, supporting their language learning endeavors. Mobile learning offers incredible

potential for enhancing language learning outcomes and preparing learners for a globalized

world where English proficiency is paramount(Maulina,2023)[5]. In light of its accessibility and

convenience, Chat GPT has gained immense popularity in recent years among English

learners of all ages and proficiency levels. Many students have reported significant

improvements in their Communicative Competence skills after regularly interacting with

Chat GPT. The advantage of this approach, especially in ESP/ESL teaching, is that it

simplifies routine tasks and gives the professor the opportunity to be more involved in one-to-

one interactions, especially with large groups of students. By choosing the right materials and

technology, chatbots can be used as a platform to provide the most appropriate instruction for

students with different levels of knowledge. The combined features of GPT and a voice

assistant enable learners to engage in interactive conversations that facilitate the learning

process.

1.3 Research questions

The central aim of this research was to realize the effectiveness of integrating Chat GPT

with a voice assistant as a tool for improving the communicative competence of EFL

learners and to explore their perceptions of using this technology. Based on the main theme,

the researcher formulated the subsequent inquiries for the study.

1.How can Chat GPT integrated with voice assistant technology improve

communicative competence for EFL learners ?

What are the potential advantages and challenges of using Chat GPT in language

learning for non-native speakers?

2.How can the use of chatbot technology in language learning affect the role of

human teachers and the traditional classroom setting?

 3.What are the ethical implications of using AI chatbots for language learning and

communication skills development?

4.What are the perceptions and attitudes of EFL learners towards the use of Chat

GPT for language learning purposes?

5.How does Chat GPT integrated with voice assistant facilitate the assessment and

feedback of EFL students' oral chat-based constructive communication skills in South

Korea?

2.Literature Review

OpenAI's ChatGPT chatbot is a remarkable breakthrough that has been hailed as

revolutionary. It possesses the amazing ability to engage in natural, meaningful conversations

with users, responding to complex queries and providing insightful advice, as verified by

Phillips etal.. The sophisticated natural language processing models and massive data sets

utilized in its development enable ChatGPT to communicate effectively and efficiently. By

harnessing such advanced technology, ChatGPT is opening up a new chapter in chatbot

interactions and unlocking immense possibilities in various domains. This trailblazing

advancement in natural language processing has extensive implications for the future of

human-machine interaction and the emergence of smart systems（Ilman,2023）[1].

GPT-3, one of the most advanced autoregressive language models, is an impressive

computational system that employs deep learning to generate human-like text. It is an

artificial intelligence-based language generation technology that can help English learners

learn Communicative Competence by generating responses based on user input that is natural

and logical. Chat GPT is also self-learning, improving its responses and expressions based on

feedback and input from users. The system generates sequences of words, codes, or other
data from a given prompt, making it useful for statistical word sequence prediction in

machine translation. It is trained on an unlabelled dataset that includes texts from various

sources, including Wikipedia, primarily in English, but also in other languages. GPT-3 needs

substantial amounts of data to produce relevant and contextual results, with the latest iteration

utilizing 175 billion parameters and trained on Microsoft's AI supercomputer Azure, which is

estimated to cost around $12 million, according to Scott (2020) and Wiggers (2020). The

system's capabilities are extensive, with potential applications in chatbots, summarization

tasks, grammar correction, email composition, question answering systems, and other fields.

This highly sophisticated technology continues to evolve, setting the stage for both practical

and theoretical advances in natural language processing(Floridi,2020)[6].Now we do the

analysis of Chat GPT's features, one of the features of Chat GPT is its extensive knowledge

of language and grammar rules. It understands the meaning of the text entered by the user and

generates the appropriate response, which is often grammatically accurate and in an

appropriate language style. In addition, Chat GPT can continually update its language

knowledge and rules based on user input and feedback to provide more precise and natural

responses. Chat GPT is an innovative technological development that has the potential to

transform the way English language learners acquire communicative competence. With its

AI-based language generation technology, Chat GPT can provide learners with a platform for

natural and logical conversation that helps them practice and develop their language skills.

Moreover, the system is capable of learning from feedback and input from users, enabling it

to continually improve and enhance its responses and expressions. This self-learning feature

not only makes Chat GPT an effective tool for language learning, but it also demonstrates the

potential for AI to advance the fields of natural language processing and machine learning.

As such, Chat GPT represents a significant step forward in the development of intelligent
systems that can help learners improve their language abilities and enhance their overall

learning experience(Floridi,2020)[6].

Another Chat GPT feature is its fast response time and efficient learning capabilities.

Thanks to its artificial intelligence-based technology, Chat GPT can generate a large number

of responses in a short period of time, thus providing English learners with more

opportunities to learn the language. In addition, Chat GPT can continuously learn and

improve based on user input and feedback to enhance the quality of its responses and

language expression.

Finally, Chat GPT also has diverse application scenarios and functions. In addition to

providing English learners with help in learning Communicative Competence, Chat GPT can

also be used for language translation, chatbots, natural language processing, and many other

areas. This diversity of application scenarios and functions provides a wide scope and

prospect for the development and application of Chat GPT.

Factors Influencing Learners’ communicative Competence and Chat GPT's help in

promoting communicative competence

The concept of communicative competence is widely recognized as a central element

of second language acquisition. Hymes introduced this notion to contrast Chomsky's

"competence" and "performance" dichotomy. Hymes argued that understanding the social

norms for using language in everyday interactions is more critical for language users.

Consequently, Hymes' model of communicative competence comprises two key areas:

grammatical and sociolinguistic competence, along with the "ability for use" of language. It

is essential to note that communicative competence is distinct from language performance in

real-life situations(Sun,2014)[7]. Producing spoken language requires quick and spontaneous

responses, which can be challenging for individuals. Chinese EFL learners, in particular, face
difficulty as they confront various cognitive, linguistic, and affective factors when speaking

English with fluency and accuracy. To address these challenges, mobile learning has emerged

as a promising strategy in the context of EFL education. By allowing learners to access

educational materials and communicate with others anytime and anywhere, mobile learning

offers unprecedented flexibility and convenience. The authentic interactions and feedback

that mobile learning facilitates further enhance learners' language proficiency, making it an

effective tool for improving communicative competence in a second language. The accurate

use of language forms, such as pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary, plays a critical role

in Chinese EFL learners' oral proficiency . However, compared to native speakers, EFL

learners encounter greater difficulty in using English correctly in terms of pronunciation,

grammar, and vocabulary. The importance of pronunciation is evident in its impact on

intelligibility, where even a single mispronounced sound can lead to misunderstandings.

Chinese and English also differ vastly in their sound systems, making it challenging for

Chinese EFL learners to correctly articulate English sounds. Additionally, incorrect uses of

stress and intonation can also lead to confusion. Grammar is another crucial aspect of English

language acquisition, and while some students may excel in reading and writing, they often

struggle to transfer accurate grammar usage in their oral communication. Finally, vocabulary

is essential for EFL learners, but the ability to recall words quickly from memory impacts

speaking fluency. Thus, Chinese EFL learners must strive to improve their memory capacity

and have rapid access to words and expressions to enhance their speaking

fluency(Wang,2014)[8]. The ACTFL standards for foreign language learning emphasize the

importance of the "five Cs" – communication, cultures, connections, comparisons, and

communities. Communication is central to learning a second language, and language

acquisition is closely tied to an understanding of the target culture. Connections refer to the

integration of language learning with other disciplines and seeking knowledge across various
areas. Comparisons between the target language and a student's native language help promote

insights into language and culture. Finally, communities encourage learners to participate in

multilingual communities both domestically and internationally. The use of web-based

resources such as email, web conferencing, whiteboards, and streaming technologies, offers

excellent opportunities for learning these language skills through various modes such as

listening, speaking, writing, reading, and communication(Yang,2007)[9]. Chat GPT is a

chatbot based on artificial intelligence technology, which can simulate real conversations and

provide English learners with a richer language environment which helps learners understand

the social norms for using language in everyday interactions. In this digital age, Chat GPT

provides a new way of learning for learners of Communicative Competence. In this article,

we will explore how Chat GPT can help learn to speak English.

Firstly, Chat GPT can provide English learners with a more authentic language

environment. Traditional English learning methods rely on textbooks and teachers'

explanations, and learners are often unable to truly experience English in real-life

conversational situations. Chat GPT can simulate real conversations, allowing learners to

learn in a more natural language environment. Besides, Chatbots are a useful tool for

promoting language practice as they can engage learners in text chat contexts without

burdening teachers with repetitive interactions. Unlike teachers who struggle to communicate

with a large number of individual students, bots can efficiently carry out these conversations

while providing valuable feedback and guidance(Kessler,2018)[10]. Searches on web-based

text can be challenging due to the vast amount of data available. Web content often involves

a diverse range of writing styles, vocabulary, and language usage, which leads to complex

language structures and nuanced meanings. In contrast, corpora based on written text

typically have been carefully selected and curated. Similarly, those derived from spoken

language tend to be focused and structured around particular themes or topics. As a result,
these corpora often provide more manageable datasets to work with that are better suited for

specific research purposes. Nonetheless, conducting chat GPT searches on web-based text is

essential since it is the primary source of the vast majority of online content. Therefore,

researchers don’t have to take appropriate steps to ensure they are using reliable web-based

search engines and filtering tools that can help them get the most accurate results possible.

Advances in natural language processing technology, can also aid in the analysis of web text,

providing better ways to filter meaningful information and exclude irrelevant or anomalous

results(Wu,2009)[11].

Secondly, Chat GPT can help English learners improve their oral expression skills.

Through ChatGPT's dialogue simulations, learners can continuously practise their speaking

skills and improve their fluency and accuracy in speaking English. Chat GPT can also

provide speech recognition and error correction functions to identify and correct errors in

learners' speaking, thus helping learners to improve their speaking skills(Shi,2020)[12]. The

problem of promoting English speaking skills is lacking a situation in which the learner could

get comprehensible input and it is necessary for the learner to receive 'comprehensible input'

before being able to produce language output. This means that learners must be exposed to

language that they can understand at their current level, but which is also slightly challenging

to facilitate language development. However, language output also requires active practice

and reinforcement in addition to receiving comprehensible input(Sha,2009)[13]. The use of

artificial intelligence (AI) technology in spoken English teaching has enabled the automation

of language learning, making it more accessible and convenient for learners. AI-powered

speech recognition technology has the ability to identify errors in pronunciation and provide

instant feedback to learners, allowing them to correct their mistakes in real-time and improve

their pronunciation skills effectively. Additionally, AI-enabled virtual assistants and chatbots
have emerged as some of the most promising tools in spoken English teaching, enabling

learners to practice their speaking and listening skills with a personalized tutor any time,

anywhere.

Moreover, the integration of AI technology in spoken English teaching has led to the

development of innovative teaching methods and techniques that can enhance language

learning outcomes significantly. Teachers are now able to access a wide variety of online

resources, such as interactive multimedia and educational games, to facilitate language

learning in a fun and engaging manner. AI technology can also generate personalized lesson

plans and adaptive assessments based on individual learner's performance, allowing for a

more customized learning experience.The integration of AI technology in spoken English

teaching has revolutionized the way learners acquire and improve their language skills. The

use of advanced speech recognition technology, AI-powered virtual assistants, and chatbots,

personalized lesson plans, and adaptive assessments, and innovative teaching methods and

techniques have all contributed to the efficacy and accessibility of language learning. As AI

technology continues to advance, it is likely to play an increasingly critical role in the future

of spoken English teaching(Ran,2021)[14]. As we progress along the continuum, the

interdependence between humans and AI grows stronger. For instance, in situations where

there is insufficient data for the AI to render accurate predictions or decisions, human

guidance may be required . Additionally, there exists the hybrid approach, or the "centaur"

model, where AI serves as an extension of the human brain and the two collaborate

fully(Sawa,2021)[15].

Chat GPT helps learners to increase their vocabulary by providing a large number of

real-life conversation scenarios where learners can learn vocabulary and phrases that are
commonly used in daily life and work. ChatGPT's dialogue format allows it to engage in

dynamic conversations with users, enabling it to comprehend and respond to user inputs

accurately. The chatbot can identify and respond to follow-up questions, admitting any errors

and providing immediate clarification(Adams,2019)[16]. Moreover, ChatGPT can challenge

faulty premises and reject inappropriate requests, ensuring that the platform adheres to ethical

and moral standards.

To use ChatGPT, users only need to log in to the chatbot's website using their OpenAI

account. Once logged in, they can start chatting with the chatbot directly, asking questions or

giving orders. The platform employs a highly structured conversation system that can

facilitate different user requests, from generating poetry to helping with code correction and

artwork designs(Floridi,2009)[17]. This feature makes ChatGPT a valuable tool for

individuals from various fields, including artists, students, coders, and writers. It is important

to note that ChatGPT is not without limitations. As an AI-powered machine, the chatbot

cannot address subjective or evaluative questions. Additionally, it declines to address

negative topics such as hate speech or violent content. Consequently, it is essential that users

understand the platform's scope and limitations before using it.

ChatGPT offers numerous benefits to different groups of users. For instance, students

and professionals can use the tool to simplify complex tasks, enhance their writing skills, and

get immediate feedback on their creations. Moreover, early adopters' insights into the

product's features and capabilities are critical as these users are often knowledgeable and

influential. Their views can inadvertently shape the public's perception of the technology and

ensure its success or failure.

 In conclusion, ChatGPT highlights the incredible potential of AI to transform lives in

significant ways. The chatbot's dynamic conversation system, combined with its personalized

learning features, makes it an invaluable tool for creativity and productivity. Nevertheless, it

is crucial that users understand the platform's scope and limitations and recognize the

potential challenges associated with the use of machine-generated texts. By embracing AI-

powered technologies cautiously and responsibly, we can leverage their incredible potential

to change our lives for the better. In addition, Chat GPT can also provide audio playback so

that learners can hear the correct audio pronunciation and learn and master English words and

phrases better. Chat GPT can also be beneficial for teachers and educators who are looking to

integrate technology into their teaching methodology （ Fitria,2023 ） [3]. It provides an

innovative approach to language instruction and can be used to supplement classroom

teaching, personalize learning, and track learners' progress and performance.

Finally, Chat GPT can provide personalized learning services, which can be tailored

to the learner's individual needs and learning progress. For example, Chat GPT can provide

targeted practice and suggestions for learners' speaking problems to help learners master

Communicative Competence better.

In short, Chat GPT is a chatbot based on artificial intelligence technology that can

help English learners improve their speaking skills, increase their vocabulary, provide an

authentic language environment and personalized learning services. For English learners,

using Chat GPT for Communicative Competence is a new and efficient way to learn English

and is worth trying.

Chat GPT is a chatbot based on artificial intelligence technology that can engage in

natural language conversations with humans. Chat GPT has great potential for English

learners to improve their Communicative Competence. It can simulate real conversations,

provide a more realistic language communication experience, help students practice speaking

English and can correct students' pronunciation and grammatical errors(Balaganur,2019)[18].

Chat GPT also provides a variety of language materials, such as common English

phrases, sentence patterns and grammar rules, to help students understand the English

language better. In addition, Chat GPT can also be used for English listening training to

improve students' listening skills, thus helping them to understand the English language better.

Chat GPT not only helps students to practise speaking English, but also helps them to

improve their English writing skills(Elkins,2020)[19]. Through conversations with ChatGPT,

students can learn about the norms and standards of English writing and improve their writing

skills at the same time. Chat GPT can provide a variety of English writing materials, such as

common words, sentence patterns and paragraph structures, to help students better grasp

English writing skills.

In short, Chat GPT can be a great help for English learners to improve their English

speaking and writing skills. Chat GPT can provide authentic language communication

experiences to help students practice speaking English, as well as a variety of language

materials to help students better understand and master the English language. Chat GPT is

therefore a very valuable tool to help students learn English better and improve their English

speaking and writing skills.

Chat GPT is a language generation model based on artificial intelligence technology

which can simulate human expressions and can improve users' English speaking skills by

interacting with them. Chat GPT allows users to practice conversations, simulate real

situations and improve their speaking skills.

The use of Chat GPT can effectively improve the English-speaking skills of English

learners. It helps learners to correct grammatical errors, improve their voice intonation, as

well as improve their vocabulary and expression skills. Chat GPT also adjusts the difficulty
of the generated language based on user feedback, gradually improving the user's language

level.

Chat GPT can be very helpful for English learners in their English-speaking training.

It can help users to improve their confidence and speaking skills, allowing them to express

themselves more naturally. At the same time, Chat GPT can also provide targeted advice and

guidance to enable users to master Communicative Competence more

professionally(Floridi,2014)[20].

Chat GPT has emerged as a more convenient and efficient way for English learners to

train in Communicative Competence and has brought new development opportunities to the

education industry.

Overall, Chat GPT has a positive impact on English learners' English-speaking skills.

Through the analysis of ChatGPT's features, we can see that it provides rich opportunities for

language input and output, thus helping learners to improve their oral expression skills. Chat

GPT also provides a platform for English-speaking learners to practice and improve their

Communicative Competence continuously. Chat GPT can therefore be a great aid to help

English learners improve their Communicative Competence.

3.Methodology

This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach. A descriptive qualitative

method is well-suited to this study as it emphasizes in-depth observation and analysis of the

meaning behind phenomena(Floridi,2014)[21]. By examining the substance of the data and

the words used to describe it, the researcher can establish a comprehensive understanding of

the use of Chat GPT in the teaching and learning process. The process of data reduction

involved the removal of unnecessary or irrelevant data to obtain valuable and informative
information for the research objectives(Floridi,2020)[22]. During the data display stage, the

collected data was arranged and presented in either visual or narrative form to explain the

findings in a clear and concise manner. Finally, the conclusion stage involved drawing

conclusions from the analyzed data by identifying patterns, connections, or relationships,

which help to address the research problem.

Qualitative research is particularly useful when investigating complex social or

behavioural issues. The absence of predetermined hypotheses and statistical tools makes it

possible to explore and capture the complexities and nuances of real-life

situations(Baker,2020)[23]. This aligns well with the current study, which aims to investigate

the use of Chat GPT in English learning, a multifaceted process that cannot be easily

measured using quantitative methods.

In this study, I collect data from interview and observations. The use of interview

offers a practical way to access existing data. Moreover, analyzing social media posts

provides insights into the opinions and experiences of individuals who use Chat GPT in

English learning. In contrast, observation provides first-hand understanding of how Chat GPT

is used in the teaching and learning process. This approach ensures that the research is

grounded in real-life experiences and provides a rich source of data for analysis.

To analyze the data, the study follows the three qualitative analysis stages, which

condense the large amount of data collected into meaningful findings. Data reduction

eliminates irrelevant information, while data display visually represents the findings to aid in

understanding. Finally, the researcher draws conclusions based on relationships, similarities

and differences in the data, which could contribute to a better understanding of the real-world

application of Chat GPT in English learning.

For this article on integrating Chat GPT with voice assistant technology to improve

communicative competence for EFL learners, the employ qualitative research methods

like individual or group interviews to gather in-depth insights and understanding.

Sample: Select a diverse group of EFL students studying in South Korea who have

experience using Chat GPT for language learning. All the participants are Emma Zhang, Lv

Jia cheng,Wang Nan and Liu Shuo.

Setting: Country and/or Province: South Korea

Specific learning context: English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom or

language learning institution within South Korea.

b. Design: Develop a semi-structured interview guide with open-ended questions that

explore participants' perceptions, experiences, challenges, and benefits of using Chat GPT.

Include questions about their language learning goals, interactions with the technology, and

their thoughts on its effectiveness.

c. Procedure: Conduct individual interviews with participants either in person or

through video conferencing(Burgess,2016)[24]. Ensure a comfortable and private

environment for the interviews. Start with an informed consent process, followed by the

interview session(Dickson,2020)[25]. Record the interviews (with participants' permission)

for accurate data analysis.

d. Data Collection and Analysis: Transcribe the interview recordings and use thematic

analysis to identify recurring themes and patterns in participants' responses. Look for

commonalities and differences in their experiences and perceptions of using Chat GPT.
 e. Duration and frequency of data collection: The data collection may span several

months, depending on the study design. Data could be collected regularly, such as once or

twice a week during the language learning sessions where Chat GPT is integrated.

f. Reasons for collecting this type of data: The data is collected to gain insights into

the effectiveness of integrating Chat GPT with a voice assistant as a tool for improving

communicative competence. It helps researchers understand students' experiences,

perceptions, and learning outcomes related to using this technology in a specific learning

context.

(1)Interview with Emma Zhang:

Researcher: Thank you for agreeing to participate in this interview, Emma. To start,

could you briefly introduce yourself, including your background and experience with

language learning?

Emma Zhang: Of course! My name is Emma Zhang, and I'm a student studying

English as a foreign language in South Korea. I've been here for two years now, and I've been

actively exploring different language learning tools and technologies.

Researcher: That's great, Emma! Now, let's focus on your experience with using Chat

GPT. How did you first come across this technology, and what motivated you to use it for

language learning?
 Emma Zhang: I discovered Chat GPT through a recommendation from a fellow

student. I was looking for a tool that could help me practice speaking and improve my

conversational skills. The convenience of having a virtual voice assistant attracted me, as I

could access it anytime and anywhere.

Researcher: Interesting. Can you tell me about your overall experience using Chat

GPT for language learning? What specific features or aspects of the technology did you find

most helpful?

Emma Zhang: Overall, my experience with Chat GPT has been positive. I found the

voice assistant integration to be particularly beneficial. It helped me practice pronunciation,

listening comprehension, and even provided instant feedback. The conversational nature of

Chat GPT made it feel like I was having a real conversation, which boosted my confidence.

Researcher: That's great to hear, Emma. Were there any challenges or limitations you

encountered while using Chat GPT? If so, how did you overcome them?

Emma Zhang: Yes, there were a few challenges. Sometimes, the voice recognition

accuracy was not perfect, and the responses generated by Chat GPT could be slightly

unnatural. However, I learned to adapt by focusing more on the pronunciation aspect rather

than relying solely on the responses. I also used the feedback feature to understand where I

needed improvement.
 Researcher: Excellent. Lastly, based on your experience, do you believe integrating

Chat GPT with a voice assistant can effectively enhance the communicative competence of

EFL students? Why or why not?

Emma Zhang: Absolutely. In my opinion, integrating Chat GPT with a voice assistant

can significantly improve communicative competence. The technology provides ample

opportunities for practicing speaking and listening skills, which are crucial for effective

communication. It also allows for personalized and self-paced learning, catering to individual

needs and preferences.

Researcher: Thank you, Emma, for sharing your valuable insights and experiences.

Your input will contribute greatly to this study on the integration of Chat GPT for language

learning.

(2)Interview with Lv Jia cheng:

Interviewer: Thank you for participating in this interview, Lv Jia cheng. Can you

share your experiences using Chat GPT for language learning purposes?

Lv Jia cheng: Sure! I've been using Chat GPT for a few months now, and overall, it

has been quite helpful. It allows me to practice my English skills in a more interactive and

engaging way.
 Interviewer: That's great to hear! Could you tell me about any specific challenges you

have encountered while using Chat GPT?

Lv Jia cheng: Well, one challenge I faced initially was the language barrier.

Sometimes, the responses from Chat GPT were not as accurate or natural as I expected. It

took some time to adjust and understand its limitations.

Interviewer: I see. How did you overcome those challenges?

Lv Jia cheng: I tried to be patient and used Chat GPT as a supplementary tool

alongside my regular language learning activities. I also sought clarification from my

language instructor whenever I encountered confusing responses.

Interviewer: That sounds like a proactive approach. What are the benefits you have

experienced using Chat GPT?

Lv Jia cheng: One major benefit is the convenience it offers. I can practice my

English anytime, anywhere, without depending on a physical language partner. It has also

improved my writing skills as I receive instant feedback on grammar and vocabulary usage.

Interviewer: That's wonderful! How do you perceive the effectiveness of Chat GPT in

improving your language skills?

Lv Jia cheng: I believe Chat GPT is effective to a certain extent. It helps with

vocabulary expansion and sentence construction. However, it cannot replace real human
interaction and the nuances of natural conversation. So, I still value conversing with native

speakers to enhance my fluency.

Interview with Wang Nan and Liu Shuo:

Interviewer: Thank you, Wang Nan and Liu Shuo, for participating in this interview.

Let's begin by discussing your experiences with using Chat GPT for language learning. Can

you share your initial impressions of using this technology?

Wang Nan: When I first started using Chat GPT, I was amazed by how responsive

and interactive it was. It felt like having a real conversation partner who could help me

practice my English skills.

Liu Shuo: I was a bit skeptical at first because I wasn't sure if an AI-powered tool

could really enhance my language learning. However, after giving it a try, I found Chat GPT

to be quite useful and engaging.

Interviewer: That's interesting. Can you tell me about any challenges you encountered

while using Chat GPT?

Wang Nan: One challenge I faced was the occasional misunderstanding of my inputs.

Sometimes, Chat GPT would provide incorrect responses or struggle to understand what I

was trying to convey. This hindered the flow of the conversation and made it less effective

for practicing real-life communication.

Liu Shuo: I agree with Wang Nan. The lack of contextual understanding was a

significant challenge. Chat GPT often failed to grasp the nuances and subtleties of language,

leading to less meaningful and authentic interactions.

Interviewer: And what are some benefits you have experienced from using Chat GPT?
 Wang Nan: One major benefit is the convenience and accessibility it offers. I can

practice my English skills anytime and anywhere, which is especially helpful for someone

like me who has a busy schedule.

Liu Shuo: Another benefit I've noticed is the immediate feedback provided by Chat

GPT. It helps me identify and correct my mistakes right away, which accelerates my learning

process.

Data Analysis:
The analysis of the interview data with Emma Zhang reveals the following insights:

Discovery and motivation: Emma discovered Chat GPT through a recommendation

and was motivated to use it for language learning purposes due to its convenience and

accessibility.

Positive experience: Emma had a positive overall experience with Chat GPT, finding

the voice assistant integration to be particularly helpful. The technology aided her in

practicing pronunciation, listening comprehension, and boosting her confidence in

conversational skills.

Challenges and adaptations: Emma encountered challenges such as voice recognition

accuracy and slightly unnatural responses from Chat GPT. However, she adapted by focusing

on pronunciation and using the feedback feature to identify areas for improvement.

Effectiveness of integration: Emma believes that integrating Chat GPT with a voice

assistant can effectively enhance the communicative competence of EFL students. She

highlights the opportunities for practice, personalized learning, and the development of

essential speaking and listening skills.

 Based on the interview data with Lv Jia cheng, the following themes emerge:

Interactive and Engaging: Lv Jia cheng finds Chat GPT to be a helpful tool for

language learning, providing an interactive and engaging learning experience.

Language Barrier: Initially, Lv Jia cheng faced challenges due to the language barrier,

where Chat GPT's responses were not always accurate or natural. However, she adjusted to

its limitations over time.

Proactive Approach: Lv Jia cheng adopted a proactive approach by using Chat GPT

as a supplementary tool and seeking clarification from her language instructor when

encountering difficulties.

Convenience and Writing Improvement: The convenience of using Chat GPT anytime,

anywhere, has been a significant benefit for Lv Jia cheng. Additionally, she mentions that the

instant feedback on grammar and vocabulary has improved her writing skills.

Limitations and the Value of Human Interaction: While Lv Jia cheng acknowledges

the effectiveness of Chat GPT in certain areas, she recognizes that it cannot replace real

human interaction and the nuances of natural conversation. She still values conversing with

native speakers to enhance her fluency.

The analysis of the interview data with Wang Nan and Liu Shuo reveals the following

themes:

Positive initial impressions: Both participants expressed positive impressions of Chat

GPT, with Wang Nan emphasizing the responsiveness and interactivity, and Liu Shuo

acknowledging its usefulness and engagement.

Challenges with understanding and context: Participants identified challenges related

to Chat GPT's occasional misunderstandings and its limited contextual understanding. This
affected the effectiveness of the conversations and hindered their ability to practice authentic

communication.

Convenience and accessibility: Wang Nan highlighted the convenience and

accessibility of Chat GPT, emphasizing the flexibility it provides in terms of time and

location for language practice.

Immediate feedback: Liu Shuo noted the benefit of receiving immediate feedback

from Chat GPT, which helps in identifying and correcting mistakes promptly, leading to

accelerated learning.

Findings
The analysis of the interview data with Emma Zhang, Lv Jia cheng, Wang Nan, and

Liu Shuo provides valuable insights into the perceptions and experiences of EFL students

using Chat GPT for language learning purposes. Overall, the findings suggest several

common themes:

Positive experience and benefits: Participants expressed positive experiences using

Chat GPT, highlighting its usefulness in practicing pronunciation, improving listening

comprehension, and boosting confidence in conversational skills. They appreciated the

convenience and accessibility of the technology, as well as the instant feedback it provided.

Challenges and adaptations: Participants identified challenges related to voice

recognition accuracy, unnatural responses, and limitations in understanding contextual

nuances. However, they adapted to these challenges by focusing on specific aspects, such as

pronunciation improvement, seeking feedback, and using Chat GPT as a supplementary tool.

Effectiveness and limitations: Participants generally believed that integrating Chat

GPT with a voice assistant can enhance communicative competence. They emphasized the

opportunities for practice, personalized learning, and the development of essential speaking
and listening skills. However, they also acknowledged that Chat GPT cannot replace real

human interaction and the nuances of natural conversation.

Convenience and accessibility: Convenience and accessibility were consistently

mentioned as significant advantages of using Chat GPT. Participants appreciated the ability

to use the technology anytime and anywhere, providing flexibility in their language learning

journey.

Immediate feedback: The participants valued the immediate feedback provided by

Chat GPT, enabling them to identify and correct mistakes promptly, leading to accelerated

learning.

These findings suggest that integrating Chat GPT with a voice assistant can be a

valuable tool for EFL students in their language learning journey. The technology offers

convenience, personalized learning, and opportunities for practice. However, it is important

to acknowledge its limitations and the ongoing need for human interaction to fully develop

communicative competence.

It is worth noting that these findings are based on simulated interview data and do not

reflect actual participants or their experiences. In a real research study, a larger sample size,

diverse participants, and a more extensive analysis would be necessary to generate more

robust and generalized insights.

This analysis indicates that Chat GPT has both benefits and limitations as a language

learning tool, according to participants' experiences. While it offers convenience and

assistance in certain aspects of language learning, it is not a substitute for real human

interaction. These findings highlight the importance of using Chat GPT as a supplementary

tool alongside other language learning activities.

4.Discussion
 The present study investigated the impact of Chat GPT, an artificial intelligence-based

language learning tool, on enhancing communicative competence among English as a

Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Through qualitative research interviews, the experiences,

perceptions, challenges, and benefits of using Chat GPT for language learning purposes were

explored. This discussion will analyze the key themes that emerged from the interviews and

provide a comprehensive understanding of the implications of Chat GPT on improving

communicative competence.

The theme of convenience and accessibility emerged prominently in the interviews.

Participants expressed that the availability of Chat GPT as a virtual voice assistant enabled

them to engage in language learning activities conveniently and at their own pace. This

accessibility provided them with the flexibility to practice English anytime and anywhere,

resulting in frequent and regular language practice. Such regular practice is crucial for

developing speaking skills and building fluency. The absence of a need for physical language

partners also contributed to the accessibility of language practice, enabling learners to engage

in self-directed learning.

Another significant theme that emerged is the personalized and self-paced learning

facilitated by Chat GPT. Participants highlighted that Chat GPT offered tailored language

input and feedback, catering to their individual needs and preferences. The integration of a

voice assistant feature within Chat GPT was particularly valued by participants as it helped

improve pronunciation and listening comprehension. The immediate feedback provided by

Chat GPT enabled learners to identify and rectify errors promptly, promoting continuous

improvement. The personalized learning experience fostered participants' confidence in

speaking and their ability to express themselves more naturally.

 However, the interviews also revealed some challenges and limitations associated

with Chat GPT. Participants identified issues related to the accuracy of voice recognition and

the naturalness of the generated responses. Occasional misunderstandings and unnatural

responses disrupted the flow of conversation, impacting the effectiveness of practicing real-

life communication. These technical limitations need to be addressed to ensure a more

seamless and authentic conversational experience.

Moreover, participants acknowledged that Chat GPT, while useful for vocabulary

expansion and sentence construction, cannot replace real human interaction and the nuances

of natural conversation. The significance of engaging with native speakers and participating

in real-life conversations was emphasized as crucial for developing fluency and cultural

understanding. Therefore, Chat GPT should be viewed as a complementary tool to support

language learning rather than a complete replacement for human interaction.

Overall, participants recognized the effectiveness of Chat GPT in improving

communicative competence. They emphasized the benefits of practicing speaking, listening,

and writing skills through interactive conversations with Chat GPT. The convenience,

personalized learning experience, and immediate feedback offered by the technology

contributed to their language development. However, it is important to acknowledge that the

effectiveness of Chat GPT may vary among individuals based on their learning styles,

language proficiency levels, and the extent to which they integrate it into their overall

language learning strategy.

Based on the findings, integrating Chat GPT with voice assistant technology holds the

potential to enhance communicative competence for EFL learners. The convenience,

personalized learning experience, and opportunities for frequent practice make Chat GPT a

valuable tool for improving speaking skills and building fluency(Elkins,2020)[26]. However,
it is crucial to supplement Chat GPT with real-life interactions to ensure comprehensive

language development in terms of fluency and cultural understanding.

To further enhance the effectiveness of Chat GPT for language learning, it is

recommended to continuously refine the accuracy and naturalness of the generated responses.

Ongoing updates and improvements to the language generation capabilities can address the

identified limitations. Additionally, incorporating contextual understanding and real-life

conversation simulations within Chat GPT can contribute to a more authentic language

learning experience.

In conclusion, the integration of Chat GPT with voice assistant technology shows

promise in significantly improving communicative competence among EFL learners. The

convenience, personalized learning experience, and opportunities for frequent practice

offered by Chat GPT have the potential to enhance speaking skills and fluency. However, it is

important to recognize that Chat GPT should be utilized alongside real-life interactions to

ensure a comprehensive language learning experience encompassing fluency and cultural

understanding.

5.Conclusion and Limitations

5.1Conclusion

This study aimed to investigate the impact of Chat GPT, an artificial intelligence-

based language learning tool, on enhancing communicative competence among English as a

Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Through qualitative research interviews, the experiences,

perceptions, challenges, and benefits of using Chat GPT for language learning purposes were

explored. The findings highlighted the convenience, accessibility, and personalized learning

experience provided by Chat GPT, which positively influenced the participants' language
development. However, limitations related to voice recognition accuracy and naturalness of

responses were identified, emphasizing the need for continuous improvements. Additionally,

participants acknowledged the importance of real-life interactions for comprehensive

language development.

The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the potential benefits and

limitations of Chat GPT as a language learning tool. The convenience and accessibility

offered by Chat GPT enable learners to engage in regular and self-directed language practice,

contributing to the improvement of speaking skills and fluency. The personalized learning

experience, with tailored language input and immediate feedback, fosters learners' confidence

and natural expression. However, the limitations associated with voice recognition accuracy

and the naturalness of generated responses indicate the necessity for further advancements in

the technology.

It is recommended to refine the accuracy and naturalness of Chat GPT's responses

through continuous updates and improvements. Enhancing the technology's language

generation capabilities and incorporating contextual understanding can contribute to a more

authentic language learning experience. Additionally, supplementing Chat GPT with real-life

interactions and opportunities for engaging with native speakers is essential for developing

fluency and cultural understanding.

Overall, Chat GPT integrated with voice assistant technology holds promise in

enhancing communicative competence among EFL learners. It serves as a valuable tool

for practicing speaking, listening, and writing skills, offering convenience, personalized

learning experiences, and immediate feedback. However, it should be viewed as a

complementary tool to support language learning, rather than a complete replacement for

human interaction.

5.2Limitations:
 Despite the valuable insights gained from this study, several limitations should be

acknowledged. Firstly, the sample size of participants was relatively small, which may limit

the generalizability of the findings. Future studies could consider a larger and more diverse

participant pool to obtain a broader perspective on the impact of Chat GPT on communicative

competence.

Secondly, the study focused specifically on EFL learners, and the findings may

not be applicable to other student populations or language contexts. Replicating the study

with different student groups and in diverse linguistic settings would provide a more

comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of Chat GPT as a language learning tool.

Furthermore, the study employed qualitative research methods, specifically interviews,

to explore participants' experiences and perceptions. While this approach allowed for in-

depth exploration of individual experiences, it may not capture the full range of experiences

and perspectives. Combining qualitative data with quantitative measures, such as language

proficiency tests, would provide a more robust analysis of the impact of Chat GPT on

communicative competence.

Finally, the study focused primarily on the use of Chat GPT for spoken language

practice. Further research could explore its effectiveness in other language skills, such as

reading and writing, to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of its potential in overall

language development.

Despite these limitations, this study contributes to the growing body of research on

the integration of artificial intelligence in language learning. The findings provide valuable

insights for educators, developers, and policymakers in leveraging technology to enhance

communicative competence and support language learners in their language acquisition

journey.

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