XII MATHEMATICS

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (2023 & 2024)

RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
SECTION A
This section comprises multiple choice questions (MCQs) of 1 mark each.
2023
1. Let 𝐴 = {3,5}. Then number of reflexive relations on 𝐴 is
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 0 (d) 8
2. Let R be a relation in the set N given by
𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 = 𝑏 − 2, 𝑏 > 6}
Then
(a) (8,7) ∈ 𝑅 (b) (6,8) ∈ R (c) (3,8) ∈ R (d) (2,4) ∈ 𝑅
2024
3. A function 𝑓: 𝑅+ → 𝑅 (where 𝑅+ is the set of all non-negative real numbers) defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 3 is:
(A) one-one but not onto (B) onto but not one-one
(C) both one-one and onto (D) neither one-one nor onto
4. A relation 𝑅 defined on set 𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍 and 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10} as 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 = 𝑦} is given to be an equivalence
relation. The number of equivalence classes is:
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 10 (D) 11
5. A relation 𝑅 defined on a set of human beings as 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 is 5 cm shorter than 𝑦} is :
(A) reflexive only (B) reflexive and transitive
(C) symmetric and transitive (D) neither transitive, nor symmetric, nor reflexive
6. Let 𝑓: 𝑅+ → [– 5, ∞) be defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 9𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 5, where 𝑅+ is the set of all non-negative real numbers.
Then, 𝑓 is :
(A) one-one (B) onto (C) bijective (D) neither one-one nor onto
7. Which of the following statements is not true about equivalence classes 𝐴𝑖 (𝑖 = 1,2, … . 𝑛) formed by an
equivalence relation 𝑅 defined on a set 𝐴 ?
(A) ⋃𝑛𝑖=1 𝐴𝑖 = 𝐴 (B) Ai ∩ Aj ≠ 𝜙, i ≠ j
(C) 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴𝑖 and 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴𝑗 ⇒ 𝐴𝑖 = 𝐴𝑗 (D) All elements of Ai are related to each other, for all 𝑖
8. Let 𝑅+ denote the set of all non-negative real numbers. Then the function 𝑓: 𝑅+ → 𝑅+ defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 +
1 is :
(A) one-one but not onto (B) onto but not one-one
(C) both one-one and onto (D) neither one-one nor onto
9. A function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝐴 defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 1 is onto, if 𝐴 is :
(A) (−∞, ∞) (B) (1, ∞) (C) [1, ∞) (D) [−1, ∞)
10. Let 𝑍 denote the set of integers, then function 𝑓: 𝑍 → 𝑍 defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 1 is:
(A) both one-one and onto (B) one-one but not onto
(C) onto but not one-one (D) neither one-one nor onto
11. A function f: ℝ → ℝ defined as f(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5 is :
(A) injective but not surjective. (B) surjective but not injective.
(C) both injective and surjective. (D) neither injective nor surjective.
 Assertion and Reason
Questions number 19 and 20 are Assertion and Reason based questions carrying 1 mark each. Two statements are given,
one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d)
as given below.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.
2023
1. Assertion (A) : The number of onto functions from a set P containing 5 elements to a set 𝑄 containing 2 elements
is 30 .
Reason (𝑅) : Number of onto functions from a set containing m elements to a set containing n elements is nm .
2. Assertion (A): The relation 𝑓: {1,2,3,4} → {𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧, 𝑝} defined by 𝑓 = {(1, 𝑥), (2, 𝑦), (3, 𝑧)} is a bijective function.
Reason (R): The function 𝑓: {1,2,3} → {𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧, 𝑝} such that 𝑓 = {(1, 𝑥), (2, 𝑦), (3, 𝑧)} is one-one.
2024
3. Assertion (A) : The relation R = {(𝑥, y): (𝑥 + 𝑦) is a prime number and 𝑥, y ∈ N} is not a reflexive relation.
Reason (R) : The number ' 2𝑛 ' is composite for all natural numbers 𝑛.
𝜋
4. Assertion (A): The function 𝑓: 𝑅 − {(2𝑛 + 1) 2 : 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍} → (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞) defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = sec 𝑥 is not
one-one function in its domain.
Reason (R): The line 𝑦 = 2 meets the graph of the function at more than one point.
SECTION-B
This section comprises Very Short Answer Type questions (VSA) of 2 marks each.
2023
1. (a) A function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 is both one-one and onto. If 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4}, then find the set 𝐵.
𝑏
2. Consider the statement "There exists at least one value of 𝑏 ∈ ℝ for which 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 , 𝑏 ≠ 0 is strictly increasing
in ℝ − {0}." State True or False. Justify.
3. Check whether the function 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥, has any critical point/s or not ? If yes, then
find the point/s.
4. (b) Prove that the greatest integer function 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ, given by 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥], is neither one-one nor onto.

SECTION C
This section comprises short answer (SA) type questions of 3 marks each.
2024
1. (a) A relation R on set A = {1,2,3,4,5} is defined as 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): |𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 | < 8}. Check whether the relation 𝑅
is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
OR
(b) A function 𝑓 is defined from 𝑅 → 𝑅 as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, such that 𝑓(1) = 1 and 𝑓(2) = 3. Find function 𝑓(𝑥).
Hence, check whether function 𝑓(𝑥) is one-one and onto or not.
2. (a) Show that a function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 is neither one-one nor onto. Also, find all the
values of x for which f(x) = 3.
OR
𝑎 𝑏
(b) A relation R is defined on N × N (where N is the set of natural numbers) as (𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅(𝑐, 𝑑) ⇔ = . Show
𝑐 𝑑
that 𝑅 is an equivalence relation.
 SECTION D
This section comprises long answer type questions (LA) of 5 marks each.
2023
1. A relation 𝑅 is defined on a set of real numbers ℝ as
𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑦 is an irrational number }.
Check whether 𝑅 is reflexive, symmetric and transitive or not.
2. A function 𝑓: [− 4, 4] → [0, 4] is given by 𝑓(𝑥) = √16 − 𝑥 2 . Show that f is an onto function but not a one-one
function. Further, find all possible values of 'a' for which 𝑓(𝑎) = √7.
3. Prove that a function 𝑓: [0, ∞) → [−5, ∞) defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 is both one-one and onto.
1 1 𝑥
4. Check whether a function 𝑓: ℝ → [− , ] defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = is one-one and onto or not.
2 2 1+𝑥 2

5. (a) If N denotes the set of all natural numbers and 𝑅 is the relation on N × N defined by (a, b)R(c, d) if
ad(b + c) = bc(a + d). Show that R is an equivalence relation.
OR
4 4x
(b) Let f: ℝ − {− 3} → ℝ be a function defined as 𝑓(x) = 3x+4. Show that 𝑓 is a one-one function. Also, check
whether 𝑓 is an onto function or not.
6. Let ℕ be the set of all natural numbers and 𝑅 be a relation on ℕ × ℕ defined by (𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅(𝑐, 𝑑) ⇔ 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐 for
all (𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑐, 𝑑) ∈ ℕ × ℕ. Show that 𝑅 is an equivalence relation on ℕ × ℕ. Also, find the equivalence class of
(2,6), i.e., [(2,6)].
OR
𝒙
Show that the function 𝑓: ℝ → {𝒙 ∈ ℝ: −𝟏 < 𝒙 < 𝟏} defined by 𝑓(𝒙) = 𝟏+|𝐱| , 𝒙 ∈ ℝ is one-one and onto
function.
7. (a) Show that the relation S in set of real numbers defined by
𝑆 = {(𝑎, 𝑏) ∶ 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 3 , 𝑎 ∈ ℝ, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ}
is neither reflexive, nor symmetric, nor transitive.
OR
(b) Let 𝑅 be the relation defined in the set 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏) : both a and b are either odd or
even}. Show that R is an equivalence relation. Hence, find the elements of equivalence class [1].
2024
2𝑥
8. (a) Show that a function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = is neither one-one nor onto. Further, find set A so
1+𝑥 2
that the given function f: R → A becomes an onto function.
OR
(b) A relation R is defined on N × N (where N is the set of natural numbers) as:
(𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅(𝑐, 𝑑) ⇔ 𝑎 − 𝑐 = 𝑏 − 𝑑
Show that R is an equivalence relation.
9. A relation R on set 𝐴 = {– 4, – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4} be defined as 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 + 𝑦 is an integer divisible by
2}. Show that R is an equivalence relation. Also, write the equivalence class [2].
10. A relation R on set 𝐴 = {𝑥: − 10 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍} is defined as 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): (𝑥 − 𝑦) is divisible by 5}. Show
that R is an equivalence relation. Also, write the equivalence class [5].
 𝑥−2
11. Let 𝐴 = 𝑅 − {3} and 𝐵 = 𝑅 − {𝑎}. Find the value of ‘a’ such that the function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−3
is onto. Also, check whether the given function is one-one or not.
𝑥−3
12. (a) Let A = R − {5} and B = R − {1}. Consider the function f: A → B, defined by f(𝑥) = 𝑥−5. Show that f is one-
one and onto.
OR

(b) Check whether the relation 𝑆 in the set of real numbers 𝑅 defined by S = {(a, b) : where a − b + √2 is an
irrational number } is reflexive, symmetric or transitive.
13. Check whether the relation S in the set of all real numbers (ℝ) defined by 𝑆 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 3 } is reflexive,
symmetric or transitive.
14. Check whether the relation S in the set of all real numbers (ℝ) defined by 𝑆 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 3 } is reflexive,
symmetric or transitive. Also, determine all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 such that (𝑥, 𝑥) ∈ 𝑆.
15. Prove that the relation R in the set of integers 𝑍 defined as 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 2 divides (𝑎 + 𝑏)} is an equivalence 15.
Also, determine [3].
SECTION –E
[This section comprises of 3 case- study/passage based questions of 4 marks each with sub parts. The first two case
study questions have three sub parts (i), (ii), (iii) of marks 1,1,2 respectively. The third case study question has two
sub parts of 2 marks each.)
2023
1. An organization conducted bike race under two different categories - Boys and Girls. There were 28 participants
in all. Among all of them, finally three from category 1 and two from category 2 were selected for the final race.
Ravi forms two sets B and G with these participants for his college project.
Let 𝐵 = {𝑏1 , 𝑏2 , 𝑏3 } and 𝐺 = {𝑔1 , 𝑔2 }, where B represents the set of Boys selected and G the set of Girls selected
for the final race.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions:

(I) How many relations are possible from B to G ?
(II) Among all the possible relations from B to G , how many functions can be formed from B to G ?
(III) Let R: B → B be defined by R = {(𝑥, y): 𝑥 and y are students of the same sex}. Check if 𝑅 is an equivalence
relation.
OR
(III) A function f: B → G be defined by f = {(b1 , g1 ), (b2 , g 2 ), (b3 , g1 )}.
Check if f is bijective. Justify your answer.
2024
2. (a) Students of a school are taken to a railway museum to learn about railways heritage and its history.

An exhibit in the museum depicted many rail lines on the track near the railway station. Let L be the set of all
rail lines on the railway track and 𝑅 be the relation on 𝐿 defined by
R = {(𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ): 𝑙1 is parallel to 𝑙2 }
On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions :
(i) Find whether the relation R is symmetric or not.
(ii) Find whether the relation 𝑅 is transitive or not.
(iii) If one of the rail lines on the railway track is represented by the equation y = 3𝑥 + 2, then find the set of
rail lines in R related to it.
OR
(b) Let S be the relation defined by S = {(𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ): 𝑙1 is perpendicular to 𝑙2 } check whether the relation S is
symmetric and transitive.
3. An organization conducted bike race under 2 different categories-boys and girls. In all, there were 𝟐𝟓𝟎
participants. Among all of them finally three from Category 1 and two from Category 2 were selected for the
final race. Ravi forms two sets 𝐵 and 𝐺 with these participants for his college project.
Let 𝐵 = {𝑏1 , 𝑏2 , 𝑏3 }, 𝐺 = {𝑔1 , 𝑔2 } where 𝐵 represents the set of boys selected and 𝐺 the set of girls who were
selected for the final race.
Ravi decides to explore these sets for various types of relations and functions.
On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions:
(i) Ravi wishes to form all the relations possible from 𝐵 to 𝐺. How many such relations are possible?
(ii) Write the smallest equivalence relation on 𝐆.
(iii) (a) Ravi defines a relation from B to B as 𝑹1 = {(𝑏1 , 𝑏2 ), (𝑏2 , 𝑏1 )}. Write the minimum ordered pairs to be
added in 𝑹𝟏 so that it becomes (A) reflexive but not symmetric, (B) reflexive and symmetric but not transitive.
OR

(iii) (b) If the track of the final race (for the biker 𝑏1 ) follows the curve 𝑥 2 = 4𝑦; ( where 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 20√2&0 ≤
𝑦 ≤ 200), then state whether the track represents a one-one and onto function or not. (Justify).
 XII MATHEMATICS
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (2023 & 2024)
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
SECTION A
This section comprises multiple choice questions (MCQs) of 1 mark each.
2023
𝜋 1
1. sin⁡ [ 3 + sin−1 ⁡ (2)] is equal to
1 1 1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

Assertion and Reason

Questions number 19 and 20 are Assertion and Reason based questions carrying 1 mark each. Two statements are given,
one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d)
as given below.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.
2023
3𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋
2. Assertion (A): The range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2sin−1 ⁡ 𝑥 + 2
, where x ∈ [−1,1], is [ 2 ,2
].

Reason (R): The range of the principal value branch of sin−1 ⁡(x) is [0, 𝜋].
3. Assertion (A): Maximum value of (cos −1 ⁡ 𝑥)2 is 𝜋 2 .
−𝜋 𝜋
Reason (R): Range of the principal value branch of cos −1 ⁡ 𝑥 is [ 2 , 2 ].

4. Assertion (A): Range of [sin−1 ⁡ x + 2cos −1 ⁡ x] is [0, 𝜋].

𝜋 𝜋
Reason (R): Principal value branch of sin−1 ⁡ x has range [− 2 , 2 ].

5. Assertion (A): All trigonometric functions have their inverses over their respective domains.
Reason (R): The inverse of tan−1 ⁡ x exists for some x ∈ ℝ.
𝜋
6. Assertion (A) : The principal value of cot −1 ⁡(√3) is .
6

Reason (R) : Domain of cot −1 ⁡ x is ℝ − {−1,1}.

2024
7. Assertion (A) : Domain of y = cos −1 ⁡(𝑥) is [−1,1].
𝜋
Reason (R) : The range of the principal value branch of 𝑦 = cos−1 ⁡(𝑥) is [0, 𝜋]− { }.
2
13𝜋 𝜋
8. Assertion (A) : cos−1 ⁡ (cos⁡ 6
) is equal to 6 .

Reason (𝑅) : The range of the principal value branch of the function y = cos−1 ⁡ x is [0, 𝜋].

SECTION-B
This section comprises Very Short Answer Type questions (VSA) of 2 marks each.
2023
3𝜋 3𝜋
1. (b) Evaluate : sin−1 ⁡ (sin⁡ 4
)+ cos−1 ⁡ (cos⁡ 4
) + tan−1 ⁡(1)
 3𝜋
2. (a) Evaluate sin−1 ⁡ (sin⁡ ) + cos −1 ⁡(cos⁡ 𝜋) + tan−1 ⁡(1).
4

OR
(b) Draw the graph of cos −1 ⁡ 𝑥, where 𝑥 ∈ [−1,0]. Also, write its range.
1 √3
3. (a) Evaluate : 3sin−1 ⁡ ( 2) + 2cos−1 ⁡ ( 2 ) + cos −1 ⁡(0)
√

OR
1 1
(b) Draw the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 ⁡ 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ [− , ]. Also, write range of 𝑓(𝑥).
√2 √2

4. (a) Find the domain of 𝑦 = sin−1 ⁡(𝑥 2 − 4).

OR
7𝜋
(b) Evaluate: cos −1 ⁡ [cos⁡ (− 3
)]

5. Write the domain and range (principle value branch) of the following functions: 𝑓(𝑥) = tan−1 𝑥
6. Draw the graph of the principal branch of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = cos −1 𝑥.
1
7. Find the value of tan−1 ⁡ [2cos⁡ (2sin−1 ⁡ 2)] + tan−1 ⁡ 1.
33𝜋
8. Find the value of sin−1 ⁡ (cos⁡ ( )).
5

OR
Find the domain of sin−1 ⁡(𝑥 2 − 4).
cos⁡ 𝑥
9. (a) Simplify : tan−1 ⁡ (1−sin⁡ 𝑥)

2024
1 1 𝜋
10. (a) Find the value of tan−1 ⁡ (− )+ cot −1 ⁡ ( 3) + tan−1 ⁡ [sin⁡ (− 2 )].
√3 √

OR
(b) Find the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 ⁡(𝑥 2 − 4). Also, find its range.

1 √3 4𝜋
11. (a) Find the value of sin−1 ⁡ (− 2) + cos −1 ⁡ (− 2
)+ cot −1 ⁡ (tan⁡ 3
).

OR
(b) Find the domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = cos−1 ⁡(1 − 𝑥 2 ). Also, find its range.
1 1
12. Evaluate: sec 2 ⁡ (tan−1 ⁡ 2) + cosec 2 ⁡ (cot −1 ⁡ 3)
3
13. Find the value of [sin2 ⁡ {cos−1 ⁡ ( )} + tan2 ⁡{sec −1 ⁡(3)}].
5
1
14. Evaluate: cot 2 ⁡{cosec −1 ⁡ 3} + sin2 ⁡ {cos −1 ⁡ (3)}
cos⁡ 𝑥 −𝜋 𝜋
15. (a) Express tan−1 ⁡ ( ), where < 𝑥 < in the simplest form.
1−sin⁡ 𝑥 2 2

OR
1 1
(b) Find the principal value of tan−1 ⁡(1) + cos −1 ⁡ (− 2) + sin−1 ⁡ (− ).
√2
cos⁡ 𝑥 −𝜋 𝜋
16. (a) Express tan−1 ⁡ (1−sin⁡ 𝑥), where 2
< 𝑥 < 2 in the simplest form.

OR
1 1
(b) Find the principal value of tan−1 ⁡(1) + cos −1 ⁡ (− ) + sin−1 ⁡ (− ).
2 √2
√3 𝜋
17. Find value of 𝑘 if sin−1 ⁡ [k⁡tan (2cos−1 ⁡ 2
)] = 3
 √2 1 1
18. If a = sin−1 ⁡ ( 2 ) + cos−1 ⁡ (− 2) and 𝑏 = tan−1 ⁡(√3) − cot −1 ⁡ (− ) then find the value of 𝑎 + 𝑏.
√3
𝑥 √3−3𝑥 2 1
19. Simplify : cos−1 ⁡ 𝑥 + cos−1 ⁡ [ + ];2 ≤𝑥≤1
2 2
𝜋
20. If cot −1(3𝑥 + 5) > , then find the range of the values of 𝑥.
4
1 1
21. Find the value of cos −1 ⁡ (2) − tan−1 ⁡ (− )+ cosec −1 ⁡(−2).
√3
13𝜋 𝜋
22. Evaluate: sin−1 ⁡ (sin⁡ )+ cos −1 ⁡ (cos⁡ ) + tan−1 ⁡(√3)
6 3
3𝜋 13𝜋 1
23. Find the value of tan−1 ⁡ (tan⁡ )+ cos−1 ⁡ (cos⁡ ) + sin−1 ⁡ (− ).
5 6 2

SECTION –E
[This section comprises of 3 case- study/passage based questions of 4 marks each with sub parts. The first two case
study questions have three sub parts (i), (ii), (iii) of marks 1,1,2 respectively. The third case study question has two
sub parts of 2 marks each.)
2024
1. If a function 𝑓: 𝑋 → 𝑌 defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 is one-one and onto, then we can define a unique function g: Y → X
such that g(y) = x, where x ∈ X and 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑦 ∈ 𝑌. Function 𝑔 is called the inverse of function 𝑓.
The domain of sine function is 𝑅 and function sine : 𝑅 → 𝑅 is neither one-one nor onto. The following graph
shows the sine function.

Let sine function be defined from set 𝐴 to [−1,1] such that inverse of sine function exists, i.e., sin−1 ⁡ x is defined
from [−1,1] to A .
On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions :
(i) If A is the interval other than principal value branch, give an example of one such interval.
1
(ii) If sin−1 ⁡(x) is defined from [−1,1] to its principal value branch, find the value of sin−1 ⁡ (− ) − sin−1 ⁡(1).
2

(iii) (a) Draw the graph of sin−1 ⁡ x from [−1,1] to its principal value branch.
OR
(iii) (b) Find the domain and range of 𝑓(𝑥) = 2sin−1 ⁡(1 − 𝑥).
 XII MATHEMATICS
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (2023 & 2024)
MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS
SECTION A
This section comprises multiple choice questions (MCQs) of 1 mark each.
2023
1. If for a square matrix 𝐴, 𝐴2 − 3𝐴 + 𝐼 = 𝑂 and 𝐴−1 = 𝑥𝐴 + 𝑦𝐼, then the value of 𝑥 + 𝑦 is :
(a) – 2 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) – 3
2. If |𝐴| = 2, where 𝐴 is a 2 × 2 matrix, then |4𝐴11 | equals :
1
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 8 (d) 32

3. Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix such that |adj⁡ A| = 64. Then |A| is equal to :

(a) 8 only (b) -8 only (c) 64 (d) 8 or -8
3 4
4. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 2𝐴 + 𝐵 is a null matrix, then 𝐵 is equal to :
5 2
6 8 −6 −8 5 8 −5 −8
(a) [ ] (b) [ ] (c) [ ] (d) [ ]
10 4 −10 −4 10 3 −10 −3
0 1
5. If 𝐴 = [ ] and (3𝐼 + 4𝐴)(3𝐼 − 4𝐴) = 𝑥 2 𝐼, then the value (𝑠)𝑥 is/are :
−1 0
(a) ±√7 (b) 0 (c) ±5 (d) 25
𝐴−1 1
6. If |
2
| = 𝑘|𝐴|, where 𝐴 is a 3 × 3 matrix, then the value of 𝑘 is :
1 1
(a) 8 (b) 8 (c) 2 (d) 2

x 2
7. If [ ] is a singular matrix, then the product of all possible values of 𝑥 is :
3 x−1
(a) 6 (b) – 6 (c) 0 (d) – 7
0 1
8. If 𝐴 = [ ], then 𝐴2023 is equal to
0 0
0 1 0 2023 0 0 2023 0
(A) [ ] (B) [ ] (C) [ ] (D) [ ]
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2023
2 0
9. If [ ] = P + Q, where P is a symmetric and Q is a skew symmetric matrix, then Q is equal to
5 4
2 5/2 0 −5/2 0 5/2 2 −5/2
(A) [ ] (B) [ ] (C) [ ] (D) [ ]
5/2 4 5/2 0 −5/2 0 5/2 4
1 2 1
10. If [2 3 1] is non-singular matrix and a ∈ A, then the set A is
3 a 1
(A) ℝ (B) {0} (C) {4} (D) ℝ − {4}
11. If |A| = |kA|, where A is a square matrix of order 2 , then sum of all possible values of 𝑘 is
(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) 2 (D) 0
𝑎 𝑐 𝑒 2
12. If (𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑐, 𝑑) and (𝑒, 𝑓) are the vertices of △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 and Δ denotes the area of △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶, then |𝑏 𝑑 𝑓 | is equal
1 1 1
to
(A) 2Δ2 (B) 4Δ2 (C) 2Δ (D) 4Δ
13. If A is a 2 × 3 matrix such that 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐴𝐵′ both are defined, then order of the matrix B is
(A) 2 × 2 (B) 2 × 1 (C) 3 × 2 (D) 3 × 3
14. Number of symmetric matrices of order 3 × 3 with each entry 1 or – 1 is
(A) 512 (B) 64 (C) 8 (D) 4
1 4 𝑥
15. If 𝐴 = [ 𝑧𝐺 𝑅2 𝑦] is asymmetric matrix, then the value of 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 is:
−3 −1 3
(a) 10 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 0
3 0 0
16. If 𝐴 ⋅ (adj⁡ 𝐴) = [0 3 0], then the value of |𝐴| + |adj⁡ 𝐴| is equal to :
0 0 3
(a) 12 (b) 9 (c) 3 (d) 27
17. A and B are skew-symmetric matrices of same order. AB is symmetric, if :
(a) AB = O (b) ⁡AB = −BA (c) AB = BA (d) BA = O
𝜋 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥
18. For what value of 𝑥 ∈ [0, ], is 𝐴 + 𝐴′ = √3𝐼, where 𝐴 = [ ]?
2 − sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 0 (d) 2
19. Let 𝐴 be the area of a triangle having vertices (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ), (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) and (x3 , y3 ). Which of the following is correct?
x1 y1 1 x1 y1 1
(a) |x2 y2 1| = ±A⁡ (b) |x2 y2 1| = ±2 A
x3 y3 1 x3 y3 1
x1 y1 1 x1 y1 12
𝐴
(c) |x2 y2 1| = ± (d) |x2 y2 1| = A2
2
x3 y3 1 x3 y3 1
20. Let A be a skew-symmetric matrix of order 3. If |𝐴| = 𝑥, then (2023)𝑥 is equal to:
1
(a) 2023 (b) 2023 (c) (2023)2 (d) 1
1 0 1 1
21. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = [ ], then 𝐵′ 𝐴′ is equal to:
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0
(a) [ ] (b) [ ] (c) [ ] (d) [ ]
0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
22. A and B are square matrices of same order. If (𝐴 + 𝐵)2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵2 , then:
(a) 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴 (b) 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴 (c) 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂 (d) 𝐵𝐴 = 𝑂
1 2 4
23. If 𝑥 [ ] + y [ ] = [ ], then:
2 5 9
(a) x = 1, y = 2 (b) x = 2, y = 1 (c) x = 1, y = −1 (d) x = 3, y = 2
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 −𝑏
24. The product [ ][ ] is equal to :
−𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎
2 2 (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 0
(a) [𝑎 + 𝑏 0 ] (b) [ ]
0 𝑎 + 𝑏2
2
(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 0
2 2 a 0
(c) [𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 0] (d) [ ]
𝑎 +𝑏 0 0 b
25. If A is a square matrix and A2 = A, then (𝐼 + 𝐴)2 − 3 A is equal to :
(a) 𝐼 (b) 𝐴 (c) 2⁡𝐴 (d) 3⁡𝐼
26. If a matrix 𝐴 = [1 2 3], then the matrix 𝐴𝐴′ (where 𝐴′ is the transpose of 𝐴) is :
1 0 0 1 2 3
(a) 14 (b) [0 2 0] (c) [2 3 1] (d) [14]
0 0 3 3 1 2
 𝑥+𝑦 𝑦+𝑧 𝑧+𝑥
27. The value of | 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 | is
1 1 1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) x + y + z (d) 2(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)
1 1 1 𝑥 6
28. 𝑦
If [0 1 1] [ ] = [3] then the value of (2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧) is :
0 0 1 𝑧 2
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5
2 7 1
29. The value of the determinant | 1 1 1| is:
10 8 1
(a) 47 (b) – 79 (c) 49 (d) – 51
30. If A is a 3 × 4 matrix and 𝐵 is a matrix such that 𝐴′𝐵 and 𝐴𝐵′ are both defined, then the order of the matrix B
is:
(a) 3 × 4 (b) 3 × 3 (c) 4 × 4 (d) 4 × 3
31. If the area of a triangle with vertices (2, −6), (5, 4) and (𝑘, 4) is 35 sq units, then 𝑘 is
(a) 12 (b) – 2 (c) – 12, – 2 (d) 12, – 2
32. If for a square matrix 𝐴, 𝐴2 − 𝐴 + 𝐼 = 𝑂, then 𝐴−1 equals
(a) A (b) A + I (c) I − A (d) A − I
1 0 𝑥 0
33. If A = [ ],B = [ ] and A = B 2 , then 𝑥 equals
2 1 1 1
(a) ±1 (b) −1 (c) 1 (d) 2
𝛼 3 4
34. If |1 2 1| = 0, then the value of 𝛼 is
1 4 1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
1, when 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗
35. If 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] is a square matrix of order 2 such that 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = { , then 𝐴2 is
0, when 𝑖 = 𝑗
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
(a) [ ] (b) [
] (c) [ ] (d) [ ]
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
6 0 −1
36. The value of the determinant |2 1 4 | is
1 1 3
(a) 10 (b) 8 (c) 7 (d) – 7
5 𝑥
37. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐴 = 𝐴𝑇 , where 𝐴T is the transpose of the matrix 𝐴, then
𝑦 0
(a) 𝑥 = 0, y = 5 (b) 𝑥 = 𝑦 (c) 𝑥 + y = 5 (d) 𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 0
38. If for a square matrix 𝐴, 𝐴2 − 𝐴 + 𝐼 = 𝑂, then 𝐴−1 equals
(a) 𝐴 (b) A + I (c) 𝐼 − 𝐴 (d) 𝐴 − 𝐼
1, when 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗
39. If 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] is a square matrix of order 2 such that 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = { , then 𝐴2 is
0, when 𝑖 = 𝑗
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
(a) [ ] (b) [ ] (c) [ ] (d) [ ]
1 0 2×2 0 0 2×2 1 0 2×2 0 1 2×2
40. If 𝑨 and 𝑩 are invertible square matrices of the same order, then which of the following is not correct?
|𝐀| 1
(a) |𝐀𝐁| = |𝐁| (b) |(𝐴𝐵)−1 | = |𝐴||𝐁|

(c) (𝐴𝐵)−1 = 𝐵−1 𝐴−1 (d) (𝐴 + 𝐵)−1 = 𝐵−1 + 𝐴−1

41. If the area of the triangle with vertices (−3,0), (3,0) and (0, 𝑘) is 9 squnits, then the value/s of 𝒌 will be
(a) 9 (b) ±3 (c) −9 (d) 6
 0 2𝑥 − 1 √𝑥
42. The value of |𝐴|, if 𝐴 = [1 − 2𝑥 0 2√𝑥 ], where 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+, is
−√𝑥 −2√𝑥 0
(a) (2𝑥 + 1)2 (b) 0 (c) (2𝑥 + 1)3 (d) (2𝑥 − 1)2
43. Given that 𝑨 is a square matrix of order 3 and |𝑨| = −𝟐, then |𝒂𝒅𝒋(𝟐𝐀)| is equal to
(a) −𝟐6 (b) +4 (c) −28 (d) 28
2024
44. If a matrix has 36 elements, the number of possible orders it can have, is:
(A) 13 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 9
𝑥+𝑦 2 6 2 24 24
45. If [ ]=[ ], then the value of ( 𝑥 + 𝑦 ) is :
5 𝑥𝑦 5 8
(A) 7 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 18
𝑥+1 𝑥−1
46. | 2 | is equal to :
𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 1
(A) 2x 3 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) 2x 3 − 2
47. If A and B are two non-zero square matrices of same order such that (𝐴 + 𝐵)2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵2 , then :
(A) 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂 (B) 𝐴𝐵 =⁡– 𝐵𝐴 (C) 𝐵𝐴 = 𝑂 (D) 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴
2 −3 5
48. If 𝑎𝑖𝑗 and 𝐴𝑖𝑗 represent the (𝑖𝑗)th element and its cofactor of [6 0 4] respectively, then the value of
1 5 −7
𝑎11 𝐴21 + 𝑎12 𝐴22 + 𝑎13 𝐴23 is :
(A) 0 (B) – 28 (C) 114 (D) – 114
49. If matrices A and B are of order 1 × 3 and 3 × 1 respectively, then the order of 𝐴′𝐵′ is:
(A) 1 × 1 (B) 3 × 1 (C) 1 × 3 (D) 3 × 3
50. If the sum of all the elements of a 3 × 3 scalar matrix is 9, then the product of all its elements is:
(A) 0 (B) 9 (C) 27 (D) 729
−𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
51. If | 𝑎 −𝑏 𝑐| = kabc, then the value of 𝑘 is :
𝑎 𝑏 −𝑐
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4
52. If 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] be a 3 × 3 matrix, where 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 𝑖 − 3𝑗, then which of the following is false ?
(A) a11 < 0 (B) 𝑎12 + 𝑎21 = −6 (C) a13 > a31 (D) 𝑎31 = 0
cos⁡ 𝑥 −sin⁡ 𝑥 0
53. If 𝐹(𝑥) = [ sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 0] and [𝐹(𝑥)]2 = 𝐹(𝑘𝑥), then the value of 𝑘 is :
0 0 1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) – 2
54. The number of all scalar matrices of order 3, with each entry – 1, 0 or 1, is:
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 39
tan⁡ 𝑥 1 𝜋
55. If for the matrix 𝐴 = [ ] , 𝐴 + 𝐴′ = 2√3𝐼, then the value of x ∈ [0, 2 ] is :
−1 tan⁡ 𝑥
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(A) 0 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 6

56. If A = [aij ] is an identity matrix, then which of the following is true?

0, if 𝑖=𝑗
(A) 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = { (B) aij = 1, ∀i, j
1, if 𝑖≠𝑗
0, if 𝑖≠𝑗
(C) 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 0, ∀i, j (D) ⁡𝑎𝑖𝑗 = {
1, if 𝑖=𝑗
 𝑎 𝑏
57. Let 𝐴 = [ ] be a square matrix such that adj⁡ 𝐴 = 𝐴. Then, (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑) is equal to :
𝑐 𝑑
(A) 2a (B) 2b (C) 2c (D) 0
58. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two skew symmetric matrices, then (𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐴) is :
(A) a skew symmetric matrix (B) a symmetric matrix
(C) a null matrix (D) an identity matrix
1 3 1
59. If |𝑘 0 1| = ±6, then the value of 𝑘 is :
0 0 1
(A) 2 (B) -2 (C) ±2 (D) ∓2
2 0 0
60. If 𝐴 = [0 3 0], then 𝐴−1 is :
0 0 5
1 1 1
2
0 0 2
0 0 2
0 0
2 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
(A) 0 3
0 (B) 30 0 3
0 (C) [0 3 0] (D) 0 3
0
30 30
1 1 0 0 5 1
[0 0 5] [0 0 5] [0 0 5]

61. For any square matrix 𝐴, (𝐴 − 𝐴′ ) is always

(A) an identity matrix (B) a null matrix
(C) a skew symmetric matrix (D) a symmetric matrix
62. If A = [aij ] is an identity matrix, then which of the following is true ?
0, if 𝑖=𝑗
(A) ⁡𝑎𝑖𝑗 = { (B) aij = 1, ∀I, j
1, if 𝑖≠𝑗
0, if 𝑖≠𝑗
(C) aij = 0, ∀i, j (D) ⁡𝑎𝑖𝑗 = {
1, if 𝑖=𝑗
8 2 7
63. The value of |12 3 5| is
16 4 3
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 7 (D) -2
𝑎 𝑐 0
64. If [𝑏 𝑑 0] is a scalar matrix, then the value of 𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 3𝑐 + 4𝑑 is :
0 0 5
(A) 0 (B) 5 (C) 10 (D) 25
1 2 1
65. Given that A−1 = 7 [ ], matrix A is :
−3 2
2 −1 2 −1 1 2 −1 1 2 −1
(A) 7 [ ] (B) [ ] (C) 7 [ ] (D) 49 [ ]
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
2 1
66. If 𝐴 = [ ], then the value of 𝐼 − 𝐴 + 𝐴2 − 𝐴3 + ⋯ is :
−4 −2
−1 −1 3 1 0 0 1 0
(A) [ ] (B) [ ] (C) [ ] (D) [ ]
4 3 −4 −1 0 0 0 1
−2 0 0
67. If 𝐴 = [ 1 2 3 ], then the value of ∣ 𝐴 (adj. 𝐴 ) | is :
5 1 −1
(A) 100 I (B) 10 I (C) 10 (D) 1000
4 0
68. Given that [1 𝑥 ] [ ] = 0, the value of 𝑥 is :
−2 0
(A) -4 (B) -2 (C) 2 (D) 4
1 2 1
69. Given that A−1 = 7 [ ], matrix A is :
−3 2
 2 −1 2 −1 1 2 −1 1 2 −1
(A) 7 [ ] (B) [ ] (C) 7 [ ] (D) 49 [ ]
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
3 1
70. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐴2 + 7I = kA, then the value of k is :
−1 2
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 5 (D) 7
1 −1 2 −2 0 1
1
71. Let 𝐴 = [0 2 −3] and 𝐵 = [ 9 2 −3]. If 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐼, then the value of 𝜆 is :
3
3 −2 4 6 1 𝜆
−9 −3
(A) 4
(B) ⁡ − 2 (C) 2
(D) 0
𝑎 𝑐 −1
72. If 𝐴 = [𝑏 0 5 ] is a skew-symmetric matrix, then the value of 2𝑎 − (𝑏 + 𝑐) is :
1 −5 0
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) -10 (D) 10
73. If 𝐴 is a square matrix of order 3 such that the value of |adj ⋅ 𝐴| = 8, then the value of |𝐴𝑇 | is :
(A) √2 (B) −√2 (C) 8 (D) 2√2
7 −3 −3 1 3 3
74. If inverse of matrix [−1 1 0 ] is the matrix [1 𝜆 3], then value of 𝜆 is :
−1 0 1 1 3 4
(A) -4 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 4
5
−2
75. If [𝑥 2 0] [−1] = [3 1] [ ], then value of 𝑥 is :
𝑥
𝑥
(A) -1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
76. Find the matrix 𝐴2 , where A = [aij ] is a 2 × 2 matrix whose elements are given by aij =maximum (i, j) −
minimum (i, j) :
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
(A) [ ] (B) [ ] (C) [ ] (D) [ ]
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
77. If 𝐴 is a square matrix of order 2 and |𝐴| = −2, then value of |5𝐴′ | is :
(A) -50 (B) -10 (C) 10 (D) 50
78. The product of matrix P and Q is equal to a diagonal matrix. If the order of matrix Q is 3 × 2, then order of matrix
P is :
(A) 2 × 2 (B) 3 × 3 (C) 2 × 3 (D) 3 × 2
2 −1 1
79. For the matrix A = [𝜆 2 0] to be invertible, the value of 𝜆 is :
1 −2 3
(A) 0 (B) 10 (C) ℝ − {10} (D) ℝ − {−10}
𝑥 0 4 0
80. If A = [ ] and B = [ ], then value of 𝑥 for which A2 = B is :
1 1 −1 1
(A) ⁡ − 2 (B) 2 (C) 2 or -2 (D) 4
𝑥2 sin⁡ 𝑥
81. Let f(𝑥) = | |, where p is a constant. The value of p for which 𝑓 ′ (0) = 1 is :
p −1
(A) ℝ (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) -1
7 −3 −3 1 3 3
82. If inverse of matrix [−1 1 0 ] is the matrix [1 𝜆 3], then value of 𝜆 is :
−1 0 1 1 3 4
(A) -4 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 4
 2025 0 0
83. If for a square matrix 𝐴, ⁡𝐴. (adj⁡ 𝐴) = [ 0 2025 0 ], then the value of |𝐴| + |𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴| is equal to:
0 0 2025
(A) 1 (B) 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓 + 𝟏 (C) (𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓)2 + 45 (D) 2025 + (2025)2
84. Assume 𝑿, 𝒀, 𝒁, 𝑾 and 𝑃 are matrices of order 2 × 𝑛, 3 × 𝑘, 2 × 𝑝, 𝑛 × 3 and 𝑝 × 𝑘, respectively. Then the
restriction on 𝒏, 𝒌 and 𝒑 so that 𝑷𝒀 + 𝑾𝒀 will be defined are:
(A) 𝑘 = 3, 𝑝 = 𝑛 (B) 𝑘 is arbitrary, 𝑝 = 2
(C) 𝑝 is arbitrary, 𝑘 = 3 (D) 𝑘 = 2, 𝑝 = 3
85. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are non-singular matrices of same order with det⁡(𝐴) = 5, then det⁡(𝐵−1 𝐴𝐵)2 is equal to
(A) 5 (B) 52 (C) 54 (D) 55
86. If the points (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ), (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) and (𝑥1 + 𝑥2 , 𝑦1 + 𝑦2 ) are collinear, then 𝑥1 𝑦2 is equal to
(A) 𝑥2 𝑦1 (B) 𝑥1 𝑦1 (C) 𝑥2 𝑦2 (D) 𝑥1 𝑥2
0 1 𝑐
87. If 𝐴 = [−1 𝑎 −𝑏] is a skew-symmetric matrix then the value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 =
2 3 0
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Assertion and Reason
Questions number 19 and 20 are Assertion and Reason based questions carrying 1 mark each. Two statements are given,
one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.
2023
1. Assertion (A) : If a line makes angles 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 with positive direction of the coordinate axes, then sin2 𝛼 + sin2 𝛽 +
sin2 𝛾 = 2.
Reason (R) : The sum of squares of the direction cosines of a line is 1.
2024
1 cos⁡ 𝜃 1
2. Assertion (A) : For matrix 𝐴 = [−cos⁡ 𝜃 1 cos⁡ 𝜃 ], where 𝜃 ∈ [0,2𝜋], |A| ∈ [2,4]
−1 −cos⁡ 𝜃 1
Reason (R): cos⁡ 𝜃 ∈ [−1,1], ∀𝜃 ∈ [0,2𝜋]
3. Assertion (A) : For any symmetric matrix 𝐴, 𝐵′𝐴𝐵 is a skew-symmetric matrix.
Reason (R) : A square matrix P is skew-symmetric if 𝑃′ =⁡– ⁡𝑃.
4. Assertion (A) : Every scalar matrix is a diagonal matrix.
Reason (R) : In a diagonal matrix, all the diagonal elements are 0.
SECTION-B
This section comprises Very Short Answer Type questions (VSA) of 2 marks each.
2023
𝑥 𝑦−1 𝑧+1
1. Find the coordinates of points on line = = which are at a distance of √11 units from origin.
1 2 2
 SECTION C
This section comprises short answer (SA) type questions of 3 marks each.
2023
1 2 3
1. If 𝐴 = [3 −2 1], then show that 𝐴3 − 23𝐴 − 40𝐼 = 𝑂.
4 2 1
2. Using determinants, find the area of ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 with vertices P(3, 1), Q(9, 3) and R(5, 7). Also, find the equation of
line PQ using determinants.
𝑥 sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃
3. Show that the determinant |−sin⁡ 𝜃 −𝑥 1 | is independent of 𝜃.
cos⁡ 𝜃 1 𝑥

SECTION D
This section comprises long answer type questions (LA) of 5 marks each.
2023
1 2 −2 3 −1 1
1. (a) If 𝐴 = [−1 3 0] and 𝐵−1 = [−15 6 −5], find (𝐴𝐵)−1 .
0 −2 1 5 −2 2
(b) Solve the following system of equations by matrix method :
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 6
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 3
−3 −2 −4 1 2 0
2. (a) If A = [ 2 1 2 ] , B = [−2 −1 −2], then find AB and use it to solve the following system of
2 1 3 0 −1 1
equations :
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 3
2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 2
−2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3
OR
cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 0
(b) If 𝑓(𝛼) = [ sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 0], prove that 𝑓(𝛼) ⋅ 𝑓(−𝛽) = 𝑓(𝛼 − 𝛽)
0 0 1
1 0 2
3. (a) If 𝐴 = [0 2 1], then show that A3 − 6 A2 + 7 A + 2I = O.
2 0 3
3 2
(b) If 𝐴 = [ ], then find 𝐴−1 and use it to solve the following system of equations :
5 −7
3x + 5y = 11,2x − 7y = −3
1 −1 2
4. Find the inverse of the matrix 𝐴 = [0 2 −3]. Using the inverse, 𝐴−1 , solve the system of linear equations
3 −2 4
𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1; 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 1; 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 3
5. Using the matrix method, solve the following system of linear equations:
2 3 10 4 6 5 6 9 20
+ + = 4, − + = 1, + − =2
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
2024
1 −2 0
6. (a) If 𝐴 = [2 −1 −1], find 𝐴−1 and use it to solve the following system of equations :
0 −2 1
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 10,2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 8, −2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 7
OR
−1 𝑎 2 1 −1 1
−1 −8 7 −5
(b) If 𝐴 = [ 1 2 x] and 𝐴 = [ ], find the value of (𝑎 + 𝑥) − (𝑏 + 𝑦).
3 1 1 b y 3
7. (a) Solve the following system of equations, using matrices :
2 3 10 4 6 5 6 9 20
x
+y+ z
= 4, ⁡ x − y + z = 1, ⁡ x + y − z
=2

where 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 ≠ 0
OR
1 cot⁡ 𝑥 −cos⁡ 2𝑥 −sin⁡ 2𝑥
(b) If 𝐴 = [ ], show that 𝐴′ 𝐴−1 = [ ].
−cot⁡ 𝑥 1 sin⁡ 2𝑥 −cos⁡ 2𝑥
5 0 4 1 3 3
8. (a) If 𝐴 = [2 3 2] and 𝐵−1 = [1 4 3], find (𝐴𝐵)−1 .
1 2 1 1 3 4
Also, find |(AB)−1 |.
OR
1 1 1
(b) Given 𝐴 = [2 3 2], find 𝐴−1 . Use it to solve the following system of equations:
1 1 2
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 =1
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 2
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 4
9. (a) Solve the following system of equations, using matrices :
2 3 10 4 6 5 6 9 20
x
+y+ z
= 4, x − y + z = 1, ⁡ x + y − z
=2

where x, y, z ≠ 0
OR
1 cot⁡ 𝑥 −cos⁡ 2𝑥 −sin⁡ 2𝑥
(b) If 𝐴 = [ ], show that 𝐴′ 𝐴−1 = [ ].
−cot⁡ 𝑥 1 sin⁡ 2𝑥 −cos⁡ 2𝑥
2 1 −3
10. If 𝐴 = [3 2 1 ], find 𝐴−1 and hence solve the following system of equations :
1 2 −1
2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 13
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4
𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 8
1 2 −3 0 1 2
11. Use the product of matrices (3 2 −2) (−7 7 −7) to solve the following system of equations :
2 −1 1 −7 5 −4
𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 6
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 3
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2
 1 2 1
12. Find A−1 , if A = [2 3 −1]. Hence, solve the following system of equations :
1 0 1
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 5
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 1
𝑥−𝑦+𝑧 =8
1 2 −3
13. (a) If A = [2 0 −3], then find A−1 and hence solve the following system of equations :
1 2 0
⁡ 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 1
⁡ 2𝑥 − 3𝑧 = 2
⁡ 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3
OR
1 2 −3 −6 17 13
(b) Find the product of the matrices [2 3 2 ] [ 14 5 −8] and hence solve the system of linear
3 −3 −4 −15 9 −1
equations:
⁡ 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = −4
⁡ 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 2
⁡ 3𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 4𝑧 = 11
14. The equation of the path traversed by the ball headed by the footballer is 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐; ( where 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤
14 and 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ 𝑅 and 𝑎 ≠ 0) with respect to a XY-coordinate system in the vertical plane. The ball passes
through the points (𝟐, 𝟏𝟓), (𝟒, 𝟐𝟓) and (𝟏𝟒, 𝟏𝟓). Determine the values of 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 by solving the system of
linear equations in 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐, using matrix method. Also find the equation of the path traversed by the ball.

SECTION –E
[This section comprises of 3 case- study/passage based questions of 4 marks each with sub parts. The first two case
study questions have three sub parts (i), (ii), (iii) of marks 1,1,2 respectively. The third case study question has two
sub parts of 2 marks each.)
2023
1. Gautam buys 5 pens, 3 bags and 1 instrument box and pays a sum of ₹160. From the same shop, Vikram buys 2
pens, 1 bag and 3 instrument boxes and pays a sum of ₹ 190 . Also Ankur buys 1 pen, 2 bags and 4 instrument
boxes and pays a sum of ₹ 250 .
Based on the above information, answer the following questions :
(I) Convert the given above situation into a matrix equation of the form AX = B.
(II) Find |A|.
(III) Find A−1 .
OR
(III) Determine P = A2 − 5 A.
2024
2. A scholarship is a sum of money provided to a student to help him or her pay for education. Some students are
granted scholarships based on their academic achievements, while others are rewarded based on their financial
needs.
Every year a school offers scholarships to girl children and meritorious achievers based on certain criteria. In the
session 2022 – 23, the school offered monthly scholarship of < 3,000 each to some girl students and ₹ 4,000
each to meritorious achievers in academics as well as sports.
In all, 50 students were given the scholarships and monthly expenditure incurred by the school on scholarships
was ₹ 1,80,000.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions :
(i) Express the given information algebraically using matrices.
(ii) Check whether the system of matrix equations so obtained is consistent or not.
(iii) (a) Find the number of scholarships of each kind given by the school, using matrices.
OR
(iii) (b) Had the amount of scholarship given to each girl child and meritorious student been interchanged, what
would be the monthly expenditure incurred by the school?
 XII MATHEMATICS
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (2023 & 2024)
CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY
SECTION A
This section comprises multiple choice questions (MCQs) of 1 mark each.
2023
3𝑥 + 5, 𝑥 ≥ 2
1. The value of 𝑘 for which 𝑓(𝑥) = { 2 is a continuous function, is:
𝑘𝑥 𝑥<2
11 4 11
(a) − (b) (c) 11 (d)
4 11 40
2
2. For what value of 𝑘 may the function 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑘(3𝑥 − 5𝑥), 𝑥 ≤ 0 become continuous?
cos⁡ 𝑥 𝑥>0
1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) − 2 (d) No value
3. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| − 𝑥 is:
(a) continuous but not differentiable at 𝑥 = 0.
(b) continuous and differentiable at 𝑥 = 0.
(c) neither continuous nor differentiable at 𝑥 = 0.
(d) differentiable but not continuous at 𝑥 = 0.
𝑥+𝑦 𝑑𝑦
4. If tan⁡ (𝑥−𝑦) = 𝑘, then 𝑑𝑥 is equal to
−y y 𝑦 𝑦
(A) 𝑥
(B) 𝑥 (C) sec 2 ⁡ (𝑥 ) (D) −sec 2 ⁡ (𝑥 )
2
5. The value of 𝑘 for which function 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑥 , 𝑥 ≥ 0 is differentiable at 𝑥 = 0 is:
𝑘𝑥 x < 0
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) any real number (d) 0
cos⁡ 𝑥−sin⁡ 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
6. If 𝑦 = cos⁡ 𝑥+sin⁡ 𝑥, then 𝑑𝑥 is :
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(a) −sec 2 ⁡ ( 4 − x) (b) sec 2 ⁡ ( 4 − 𝑥) (c) ⁡log⁡ |sec⁡ ( 4 − 𝑥)| (d) ⁡ − log⁡ |sec⁡ ( 4 − 𝑥)|

7. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| is

(a) continuous and differentiable everywhere.
(b) continuous and differentiable nowhere.
(c) continuous everywhere, but differentiable everywhere except at x = 0.
(d) continuous everywhere, but differentiable nowhere.
𝑑𝑦
8. If 𝑦 = sin2 ⁡(𝑥 3 ), then is equal to :
𝑑𝑥

(a) 2sin⁡ 𝑥 3 cos⁡ 𝑥 3 (b) 3𝑥 3 sin⁡ 𝑥 3 cos⁡ 𝑥 3 (c) 6𝑥 2 sin⁡ 𝑥 3 cos⁡ 𝑥 3 (d) 2x 2 sin2 ⁡(x 3 )
𝑑𝑦
9. If 𝑦 = log⁡(sin⁡ 𝑒 𝑥 ), then 𝑑𝑥 is:

(a) ⁡ cot 𝑒 𝑥 (b) cosec ex (c) 𝑒 𝑥 cot⁡ 𝑒 𝑥 (d) 𝑒 𝑥 cosec⁡ 𝑒 𝑥

10. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 2|𝑥| + 3⁡|sin 𝑥| + 6, then the right hand derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 0 is:
(a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 2
11. The derivative of 𝑥 2𝑥 w.r.t. 𝑥 is
(a) 𝑥 2𝑥−1 (b) 2𝑥 2𝑥 log⁡ 𝑥 (c) 2𝑥 2𝑥 (1 + log⁡ 𝑥) (d) 2𝑥 2𝑥 (1 − log⁡ 𝑥)
12. The function f(𝑥) = [𝑥], where [𝑥] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to 𝑥, is continuous at
(a) 𝑥 = 1 (b) 𝑥 = 1.5 (c) 𝑥 = −2 (d) 𝑥 = 4
 𝑑2 𝑥
13. If 𝑥 = 𝐴 cos 4𝑡 + 𝐵⁡sin⁡ 4𝑡, then is equal to
𝑑𝑡 2
(a) 𝑥 (b) −𝑥 (c) 16𝑥 (d) −16𝑥
14. The function f(𝑥) = 𝑥|𝑥|, 𝑥 ∈ R is differentiable
(a) only at 𝑥 = 0 (b) only at 𝑥 = 1 (c) in 𝑅 (d) in R − {0}
3𝜋
15. If f(𝑥) = |cos⁡ 𝑥|, then f ( 4 ) is
−1 1
(a) 1 (b) – 1 (c) (d)
√2 √2
𝑘𝑥
, if 𝑥 < 0
16. If 𝑓(𝑥) = {|𝑥| is continuous at 𝑥 = 0, then the value of 𝑘 is
3, if 𝑥 ≥ 0
(a) – 3 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) any real number
17. The set of all points where the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + |𝑥| is differentiable, is
(a) (0, ∞) (b) (−∞, 0) (c) (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞) (d) (−∞, ∞)
𝑑𝑦
18. If (cos⁡ 𝑥)𝑦 = (cos⁡ 𝑦)𝑥 , then 𝑑𝑥 is equal to :
𝑦tan⁡ 𝑥+log⁡(cos⁡ 𝑦) 𝑥tan⁡ 𝑦+log⁡(cos⁡ 𝑥) 𝑦tan⁡ 𝑥−log⁡(cos⁡ 𝑦) 𝑦tan⁡ 𝑥+log⁡(cos⁡ 𝑦)
(a) 𝑥tan⁡ 𝑦−log⁡(cos⁡ 𝑥) (b) 𝑦tan⁡ 𝑥+log⁡(cos⁡ 𝑦) (c) 𝑥tan⁡ 𝑦−log⁡(cos⁡ 𝑥) (d) 𝑥tan⁡ 𝑦+log⁡(cos⁡ 𝑥)

19. If 𝑥 = 𝑎 cos 𝜃 + 𝑏 sin 𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑎 sin 𝜃 − 𝑏⁡cos⁡ 𝜃, then which one of the following is true?
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(a) 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 2 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 (b) 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(c) 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0 (d) 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 2 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0
x
20. Derivative of tan−1 ⁡ ( ) with respect to sin−1 ⁡(2x√1 − x 2 ) is :
√1−x2
1 1 1
(a) − (b) (c) 2 (d) −
4 2 2
𝜋 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
21. If 𝑦 = log⁡ [tan⁡ ( 4 + 2)], then 𝑑𝑥 is :

(a) sec⁡ x (b) cosec⁡ 𝑥 (c) tan⁡ 𝑥 (d) sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥

2024
𝑥 2 + 3, 𝑥 ≠ 0
22. Which of the following statements is true for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = { ?
1, 𝑥=0
(A) f(x) is continuous and differentiable ∀x ∈ ℝ
(B) 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ
(C) ⁡f(x) is continuous and differentiable ∀x ∈ ℝ − {0}
(D) f(x) is discontinuous at infinitely many points
23. The derivative of sin⁡(𝑥 2 ) w.r.t. 𝑥, at 𝑥 = √𝜋 is :
(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) −2√𝜋 (D) 2√𝜋
24. The number of points, where 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥], 0 < 𝑥 < 3⁡([. ] denotes greatest integer function) is not differentiable
is :
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
25. Let 𝑓(𝑥) be a continuous function on [a, b] and differentiable on (a, b). Then, this function f(x) is strictly
increasing in (a, b) if
(A) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) < 0, ∀⁡𝑥 ∈ (𝑎, 𝑏) (B) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) > 0, ∀⁡𝑥 ∈ (𝑎, 𝑏)
(C) 𝑓(𝑥) = 0, ∀⁡𝑥 ∈ (𝑎, 𝑏) (D) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) > 0, ∀⁡𝑥 ∈ (𝑎, 𝑏)
𝑎 𝑑𝑦
26. If 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑡 , then 𝑑𝑥 is :
1 1
(A) t 2 (B) −t 2 (C) t2 (D) − t2
 |𝑥| + 3, if 𝑥 ≤ −3
27. The number of points of discontinuity of 𝑓(𝑥) = { −2𝑥, if − 3 < 𝑥 < 3 is :
6𝑥 + 2, if 𝑥 ≥ 3
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinite
𝑑
28. [cos⁡(log⁡ 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 )] at 𝑥 = 1 is :
𝑑𝑥
(A) −sin⁡ 𝑒 (B) sin⁡ 𝑒 (C) ⁡ − (1 + e)sin⁡ e (D) (1 + e)sin⁡ e
𝑑𝑦
29. If 𝑦 = cos−1 ⁡(𝑒 𝑥 ), then 𝑑𝑥 is :
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) − (C) (D) −
√e−2x +1 √e−2x +1 √e−2x −1 √e−2x −1
30. A function 𝑓(𝑥) = |1 − 𝑥 + |𝑥|| is :
(A) discontinuous at 𝑥 = 1 only (B) discontinuous at x = 0 only
(C) discontinuous at x = 0,1 (D) continuous everywhere
31. The derivative of 5x w.r.t. ex is :
5 x 1 e x 1 5 x e x
(A) (e) log⁡ 5
(B) (5) log⁡ 5
(C) (e) log⁡ 5 (D) (5) log⁡ 5
𝑑2 𝑦
32. If 𝑦 = sin−1 ⁡ 𝑥, then 𝑑𝑥 2 is :
(A) sec⁡ 𝑦 (B) sec 𝑦 tan⁡ 𝑦 (C) sec 2 y tan⁡ y (D) tan2 y sec⁡ y
33. Derivative of e2𝑥 with respect to e𝑥 , is :
(A) 𝑒 𝑥 (B) 2e𝑥 (C) 2e2𝑥 (D) 2e3𝑥
34. For what value of k , the function given below is continuous at 𝑥 = 0 ?
√4+𝑥−2
f(𝑥) = { , 𝑥≠0
𝑥
k , ⁡𝑥 = 0
1
(A) 0 (B) 4 (C) 1 (D) 4
2𝑦 dy
35. If e𝑥 = c, then d𝑥 is :
2
𝑥e𝑥 𝑦 −2y 2𝑦 𝑥
(A) 2y
(B) 𝑥
(C) 𝑥
(D) 2y

36. The value of constant 𝑐 that makes the function 𝑓 defined by

𝑥 2 − c 2, if 𝑥 < 4
f(𝑥) = {
𝑐𝑥 + 20, if 𝑥 ≥ 4
continuous for all real numbers is :
(A) – 2 (B) – 1 (C) 0 (D) 2
37. Derivative of 𝑥 2 with respect to 𝑥 3 , is :
2 3𝑥 2𝑥
(A) 3𝑥 (B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 6𝑥 5
38. The function f(𝑥) = |𝑥| + |𝑥 − 2| is
(A) continuous, but not differentiable at 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 2.
(B) differentiable but not continuous at 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 2.
(C) continuous but not differentiable at 𝑥 = 0 only.
(D) neither continuous nor differentiable at 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 2.
dy
39. If 𝑥ey = 1, then the value of d𝑥 at 𝑥 = 1 is :
1
(A) – 1 (B) 1 (C) −𝑒 (D) −
e
2⁡ 𝑥
40. Derivative of esin with respect to cos⁡ 𝑥 is :
sin2 ⁡ 𝑥 2⁡ 𝑥 2⁡ 𝑥 2⁡ 𝑥
(A) sin⁡ 𝑥e (B) cos⁡ 𝑥esin (C) −2cos⁡ 𝑥esin (D) −2sin2 ⁡ 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥esin
 𝑑𝑦
41. If sin⁡(𝑥𝑦) = 1, then is equal to :
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 y y
(A) 𝑦 (B) − y (C) 𝑥 (D) − 𝑥

42. The function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑍 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥]; where [.]⁡denotes the greatest integer function, is
(A) Continuous at 𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟓 but not differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟓
(B) Not Continuous at 𝒙 = 𝟐. 5 but differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟓
(C) Not Continuous at 𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟓 and not differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟓
(D) Continuous as well as differentiable at 𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟓
43. The number of discontinuities of the function 𝑓 given by
𝑥 + 2, if 𝑥<0
𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑒 𝑥 , if 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 is :
2 − 𝑥, if 𝑥>1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
1 𝑑𝑦 1
44. Let 𝑦 = 𝑓 (𝑥) and 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 3 . What is the value of 𝑑𝑥 at 𝑥 = 2 ?
1 1
(A) − (B) − (C) – 32 (D) – 64
64 32
𝑑𝑦 𝜋2
45. If 𝑦 = log⁡ √sec⁡ √𝑥, then the value of at 𝑥 = is :
𝑑𝑥 16
1 1 1
(A) 𝜋 (B) 𝜋 (C) 2 (D) 4
𝑑𝑦
46. If 𝑥 = 3cos⁡ 𝜃 and 𝑦 = 5sin⁡ 𝜃, then 𝑑𝑥 is equal to :
3 5 5 3
(A) − 5 tan⁡ 𝜃 (B) − 3 cot⁡ 𝜃 (C) − 3 tan⁡ 𝜃 (D) − 5 cot⁡ 𝜃
47. The greatest integer function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥], 1 < 𝑥 < 3 is not differentiable at x =
3
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 2
𝑑𝑦
48. If 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡 2 and 𝑦 = 2𝑎, then 𝑑𝑥 is equal to :
1 1 1
(A) 2𝑎𝑡 (B) t (C) − t2 (D) − 2𝑎𝑡 3
49. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| − 𝑥 where 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 is :
(A) continuous and differentiable at 𝑥 = 0 (B) continuous but not differentiable at x = 0
(C) not continuous but differentiable at x = 0 (D) neither continuous nor differentiable at 𝑥 = 0
𝑥
50. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 , then 𝑓′(𝑒) is equal to:
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 𝑒 𝑒 (D) 2𝑒 𝑒
Assertion and Reason
Questions number 19 and 20 are Assertion and Reason based questions carrying 1 mark each. Two statements are given,
one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.
2024
1. Assertion (A): Consider the function defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| + |𝑥 − 1|, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅. Then 𝑓(𝑥) is not differentiable at
𝒙 = 𝟎 and 𝒙 = 𝟏.
Reason (R): Suppose 𝑓 be defined and continuous on (𝑎, 𝑏) and 𝑐 ∈ (𝑎, 𝑏), then 𝑓(𝑥) is not differentiable at
𝑓(𝑐+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑐) 𝑓(𝑐+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑐)
𝑥 = 𝑐 if limℎ→0− ≠ limℎ→0+ .
ℎ ℎ
 SECTION-B
This section comprises Very Short Answer Type questions (VSA) of 2 marks each.
2023
2 𝑑𝑦 2
1. If 𝑦 = (𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 1) , then show that (𝑥 2 − 1) (𝑑𝑥 ) = 4𝑦 2 .
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
2. (a) If 𝑦 = √𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, prove that 𝑦 (𝑑𝑥 2 ) + (𝑑𝑥 ) = 0.

OR
a𝑥 + b; 0<𝑥≤1
(b) If f(𝑥) = { 2 is a differentiable function in (0,2), then find the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏.
2𝑥 − 𝑥; 1 < 𝑥 < 2
1
𝑑𝑦
3. (a) If 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥 , then find 𝑑𝑥 at 𝑥 = 1.

OR
𝑑𝑦
(b) If 𝑥 = 𝑎⁡sin⁡ 2𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑎(cos⁡ 2𝑡 + log⁡ tan⁡ 𝑡), then find 𝑑𝑥.
𝑑𝑦
4. If (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )2 = 𝑥𝑦, then find 𝑑𝑥 .
𝑑𝑦 𝑦(𝑥−1)
5. If 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 , then show that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥(𝑦+1).

𝑥 2 , if⁡𝑥 ≥ 1
6. If 𝑓(𝑥) = { , then show that 𝑓 is not differentiable at 𝑥 = 1.
𝑥⁡, if⁡𝑥 < 1
OR
(b) Find the value(s) of '𝜆', if the function
sin2 ⁡ 𝜆𝑥
, if 𝑥 ≠ 0 is continuous at 𝑥 = 0
f(𝑥) = { 𝑥2
1, if 𝑥 = 0
1−cos⁡ 𝑥
, if 𝑥 ≠ 0
7. (a) Find the value of k for which the function f given as f(𝑥) = { 2𝑥 2 is continuous at 𝑥 = 0.
k , if 𝑥 = 0
OR
d2 y
(b) If 𝑥 = acos⁡ t and y = bsin⁡ t, then find d𝑥 2.

8. Function 𝑓 is defined as
2𝑥 + 2, if 𝑥<2
𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑘, if 𝑥=2
3𝑥, if 𝑥>2
Find the value of k for which the function f is continuous at x = 2.
4+𝑥 2
9. Find the points at which the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥−𝑥 3 is discontinuous.

10. The function

3𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, if 𝑥>1
𝑓(𝑥) = { 11, if 𝑥=1
5𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑏, if 𝑥<1
is continuous at 𝑥 = 1. Find the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏.
2024
11. (a) Check whether the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 |𝑥| is differentiable at 𝑥 = 0 or not.
OR
𝑑𝑦 1+𝑦 4
(b) If 𝑦 = √tan⁡ √𝑥, prove that √𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 4𝑦
.
 𝑑𝑦 sin⁡ 𝑥
12. (a) If 𝑦 = √cos⁡ 𝑥 + 𝑦, prove that 𝑑𝑥 = 1−2𝑦.

OR
(b) Show that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥|3 is differentiable at all points of its domain.
13. (a) Check the differentiability of function 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥] at 𝑥 = −3, where [⋅] denotes greatest integer function.
OR
𝑑𝑦 1 1
(b) If 𝑥 1/3 + 𝑦1/3 = 1, find at the point ( , ).
𝑑𝑥 8 8
𝜋
14. (a) If 𝑓(𝑥) = |tan⁡ 2𝑥|, then find the value of 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) at 𝑥 = .
3
OR
𝑑𝑦
(b) If 𝑦 = cosec⁡(cot −1 ⁡ 𝑥), then prove that √1 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥 = 0.
𝑑𝑥
𝜋
15. (a) Check the differentiability of 𝑓(𝑥) = |cos⁡ 𝑥| at 𝑥 = 2 .
OR
𝑑2 𝑦
(b) If 𝑦 = 𝐴 sin 2𝑥 + 𝐵⁡cos⁡ 2𝑥 and 𝑑𝑥 2 − 𝑘𝑦 = 0, find the value of 𝑘.
𝑑𝑦 log⁡ 𝑥−1
16. (a) If 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥/𝑦 , prove that 𝑑𝑥 = (log⁡ 𝑥)2

OR
𝑥 2 + 1, 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1
(b) Check the differentiability of 𝑓(𝑥) = { at 𝑥 = 1.
3 − 𝑥, 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
𝑑𝑦
17. (a) If 𝑦 = cos 3 ⁡(sec 2 ⁡ 2𝑡), find 𝑑𝑡 .
OR
dy log⁡ 𝑥
(b) If 𝑥 y = e𝑥−y, prove that d𝑥 = (1+log⁡ 𝑥)2.

18. (a) Verify whether the function 𝑓 defined by

1
𝑥⁡sin⁡ (𝑥) , 𝑥 ≠ 0
f(𝑥) = {
0, 𝑥=0
is continuous at 𝑥 = 0 or not.
OR
(b) Check for differentiability of the function 𝑓 defined by f(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 5|, at the point 𝑥 = 5.
19. (a) Find the derivative of tan−1 ⁡ 𝑥 with respect to log⁡ 𝑥; (where 𝑥 ∈ (1, ∞)).
OR
𝜋
(b) Differentiate the following function with respect to x: (cos⁡ 𝑥)𝑥 ; ( where 𝑥 ∈ (0, )).
2
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
20. (a) If 𝑦 = (sin−1 ⁡ 𝑥)2 , then find (1 − 𝑥 2 ) −𝑥 .
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
OR
𝑑𝑦
(b) If 𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑦 , then find 𝑑𝑥.
SECTION C
This section comprises short answer (SA) type questions of 3 marks each.
2023
1
1. (a) Differentiate sec −1 ⁡ ( ) w.r.t. sin−1 ⁡(2𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 ).
√1−𝑥 2
OR
d2 y cos⁡ 𝑥
(b) If y = tan⁡ 𝑥 + sec⁡ 𝑥, then prove that d𝑥 2 = (1−sin⁡ 𝑥)2 .
𝑦
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑎 2
2. If (𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥)𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑥 then prove that 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 = (𝑎+𝑏𝑥) .
2024
dy 1−y2
3. (a) If √1 − x 2 + √1 − y 2 = a(x − y), prove that =√ .
dx 1−x2

OR
𝑑𝑦
(b) If 𝑦 = (tan⁡ 𝑥)𝑥 , then find .
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦log⁡ 𝑥
4. (a) If 𝑥 = 𝑒 cos⁡ 3𝑡 and 𝑦 = 𝑒 sin⁡ 3𝑡 , prove that =− .
𝑑𝑥 𝑥log⁡ 𝑦

OR
d x
(b) Show that: dx
(|x|) = |x|
,x ≠0
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
5. (a) If 𝑥 30 𝑦 20 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)50 , prove that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 .
OR
dy
(b) Find dx, if 5x + 5y = 5x+y .
6. (a) If 𝑦 = (log⁡ 𝑥)2 , prove that 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑥𝑦 ′ = 2.
OR
𝑑𝑦
(b) If 𝑦 = sin⁡(tan−1 ⁡ 𝑒 𝑥 ), then find 𝑑𝑥 at 𝑥 = 0.
𝑑𝑦
7. (a) If 𝑥cos⁡(𝑝 + 𝑦) + cos⁡ 𝑝sin⁡(𝑝 + 𝑦) = 0, prove that cos⁡ 𝑝 𝑑𝑥 = −cos 2 ⁡(𝑝 + 𝑦), where 𝑝 is a constant.
OR
(b) Find the value of a and b so that function 𝑓 defined as :
𝑥−2
+ 𝑎, if 𝑥 < 2
|𝑥−2|
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 + 𝑏, if 𝑥 = 2
𝑥−2
{|𝑥−2| + 𝑏, if 𝑥 > 2

is a continuous function.
dy
8. Given that 𝑥 y + y 𝑥 = ab , where a and b are positive constants, find d𝑥.
dy
9. Find d𝑥, if y = (cos⁡ 𝑥)𝑥 + cos−1 ⁡ √𝑥 is given.
dy
10. (a) Find d𝑥, if (cos⁡ 𝑥)y = (cos⁡ y)𝑥 .
OR
dy 1−y2
(b) If √1 − 𝑥 2 + √1 − y 2 = a(𝑥 − y), prove that d𝑥 = √1−𝑥 2.
𝑑2 𝑦 𝜋
11. If 𝑥 = 𝑎sin3 ⁡ 𝜃, 𝑦 = 𝑏cos3 ⁡ 𝜃, then find 𝑑𝑥 2 at 𝜃 = 4 .
12. Find the values of a and b so that the following function is differentiable for all values of 𝑥 :
a𝑥 + b, 𝑥 > −1
f(𝑥) = { 2
b𝑥 − 3, 𝑥 ≤ −1
d2 y dy
13. If 𝑦 = (tan−1 ⁡ 𝑥)2 , show that (𝑥 2 + 1)2 + 2𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1) = 2.
d𝑥 2 d𝑥
𝑑𝑦 sin2 ⁡(𝑎+𝑦)
14. (a) If 𝑥sin⁡(𝑎 + 𝑦) − sin⁡ 𝑦 = 0, prove that 𝑑𝑥 = sin⁡ 𝑎
OR
𝑑𝑦
(b) Find 𝑑𝑥
, if 𝑦 = (cos⁡ 𝑥)𝑥 + cos−1 ⁡ √𝑥.
1−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦
15. (a) If 𝑦 = cos −1 ⁡ (1+𝑥2 ) , 0 < 𝑥 < 1, then find 𝑑𝑥.
OR
dy log⁡ x
(b) If x y = ex−y, prove that dx = {log⁡(xe)}2
.
 −1 ⁡ 𝑥 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
16. (a) If 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑎cos , then show that (1 − 𝑥 2 ) −𝑥 − 𝑎2 𝑦 = 0.
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

OR
𝑑𝑦
(b) Find 𝑑𝑥, if 𝑦 = 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 − 2sin⁡ 𝑥 .
SECTION D
This section comprises long answer type questions (LA) of 5 marks each.
2024
1. (a) If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥|3 , show that 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) exists for all real 𝒙 and find it.
OR
3
𝑑𝑦 2 2
[1+(𝑑𝑥) ]
(b) If (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑐 2 , for some 𝑐 > 0, prove that 𝑑2 𝑦
is a constant independent of 𝑎 and 𝑏.
𝑑𝑥2

SECTION –E
[This section comprises of 3 case- study/passage based questions of 4 marks each with sub parts. The first two case
study questions have three sub parts (i), (ii), (iii) of marks 1,1,2 respectively. The third case study question has two
sub parts of 2 marks each.)
2023
1. Let 𝑓(𝑥) be a real valued function. Then its
𝑓(𝑎−ℎ)−𝑓(𝑎)
• Left Hand Derivative (L.H.D.) : Lf ′ (𝑎) = limℎ→0
−ℎ
𝑓(𝑎+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑎)
• Right Hand Derivative (R.H.D.) : Rf ′ ⁡(𝑎) = limℎ→0 ℎ

Also, a function 𝑓(𝑥) is said to be differentiable at 𝑥 = 𝑎 if its L.H.D. and R.H.D. at x = a exist and both are equal.
|𝑥 − 3|, 𝑥 ≥ 1
For the function 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑥 2 3𝑥 13
− 2 + 4 ,𝑥 < 1
4

answer the following questions:

(i) What is R.H.D. of 𝑓(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 1 ?
(ii) What is L.H.D. of 𝑓(𝑥) at 𝑥 = 1 ?
(iii) (a) Check if the function 𝑓(𝑥) is differentiable at x = 1.
OR
(iii) (b) Find 𝑓 ′ (2) and 𝑓 ′ (−1).