AGGARSAIN PUBLIC SCHOOL

(Sec. 13, Urban Estate, Kurukshetra)

HOLIDAYS’ ASSIGNMENT
Class : X
(Session : 2025-26)

SUMMER VACATION
 English
*Reading Worksheets (1-10) Practice BookInsights
*Activity-Comic script (The frog and The nightingale)
Mind Map. (Mrs Packletide’s tiger)
*Activity-Figures of speech
*Project Work A Book Review (Read any book of your choice and write a book
review)
*Prepare a travelogue based on the realistic experience related to your visit to any
place.

Hindi
क्षिक्षिज:- पाठ-1,7,8 याद करने हैं ।

कृक्षिका:- पाठ-1 याद करना है ।

व्याकरण:- वाच्य, रचना के आधार पर वाक्य-भेद,अपक्षठि गद्ाां श,अपक्षठि काव्याां श का

अभ्यास करें व एक अनुच्छेद,एक सांदेश लेखन,एक क्षवज्ञापन -लेखन िथा एक पत्र का भी
प्रक्षिक्षदन अभ्यास करें ।

पररयोजना कायय:-

1. क्षकसी महान स्विांत्रिा सेनानी के व्यक्तित्व और कृक्षित्व पर एक प्रोजेक्ट िैयार कीक्षजए।

2. 'योग क्षदवस' पर एक पोस्टर बनाइए।

3.'दे शभक्ति' क्षवषय पर क्षचत्र बनािे हुए एक कक्षविा क्षलक्तखए।

4. कबीर की साक्तखयोां द्वारा कौन-कौन सी नीक्षि परक बािें सीखने को क्षमलिी हैं , अपने शब्ोां में
क्षलक्तखए।

5. आज की युवा पीढी और नैक्षिक मूल्य क्षवषय पर लगभग 120 शब्ोां में अनुच्छेद क्षलक्तखए।

नोट:- ये सारी गक्षिक्षवक्षधयााँ assignment sheet पर बनाकर फाइल में लगाकर लेकर आएाँ ।

Sanskrit
मक्षणका भाग -2 -पाठ 1 से 3 अभ्यासकायय सक्षहि याद करें ।
व्याकरण -स्वर सक्ति,व्यां जन सांक्षध, क्षवसगय सक्ति, प्रत्यय, अव्यय,पञ्च क्षचत्र वणयन एवां पञ्च पत्र का
अभ्यास together with में करें ।

पररयोजना कायय

1. योग क्षदवसे प्रािः कालीन भ्रमणम् च इक्षि क्षवषयोः अनुच्छेदम् क्षलखि

2. 10 सांस्कृिे सूियः क्षलखि।

Punjabi
ਲੇ ਖ-ਸ੍ਰੀ ਗੁ ਰੂ ਤੇਗ ਬਹਾਦਰ ਜੀ,ਸ਼ਹੀਦ-ਏ-ਆਜ਼ਮ ਭਗਤ ਸਸ੍ਿੰਘ, ਪੜ੍ਹਾਈ ਸ ਿੱਚ ਖੇਡਾਾਂ ਦੀ ਥਾਾਂ, ਪੁਸ੍ਤਕਾਾਂ ਦਾ
ਮਹਿੱਤ ਤਸ੍ ੀਰ ਸ੍ਸਹਤ ਦਰਸ੍ਾਉਣਾ ਹੈl *ਸ ਸ੍ਰਾਮ ਸਚਿੰਨ ਦੀ ਪਸਰਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਅਤੇ ਸਕਸ੍ਮਾਾਂ ਨੂਿੰ ਤਸ੍ ੀਰਾਾਂ
ਸ੍ਸਹਤ ਸਕਸਰਆ ਕਲਾਪ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਦਰਸ੍ਾਉਣਾ ਹੈ l

Maths
1. If α and β are zeroes of quadratic polynomial f(x) = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 𝑘 such that
α – β = 1. Find k.
2. Find the values of a and b for which x = 3/4 and x = -2 are the zeroes of the
polynomial p(x) = ax2 + bx - 6.
3. If one of the zeroes of the polynomial (a2 + 9) x2 + 13x + 6a is reciprocal of the
other, find the value of a.
4. If α and β are zeroes of quadratic polynomial f(x) = 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 7, find a polynomial
whose zeroes are 2α + 3β and 3α + 2β.
5. If α and β are zeroes of quadratic polynomial f(x)=𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4, find the value of
1 1
+ − 2𝛼𝛽.
𝛼 𝛽
6. If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial 3x2 – 5x + 1 , then form a quadratic
polynomial whose zeroes are α2 and β2 .
7. If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial f(x)= x2 + x – 4,find the value of α3+β3.

8. If α and β are zeroes of p(x) = kx2 + 4x + 4, such that α2 + β2 = 24, find k.

9. Find the value of m, if one zero of the polynomial(𝑚2 + 4)𝑥 2 + 65𝑥 + 4𝑚 is
reciprocal of the other.
10. Check graphically whether the pair of equations 3x – 2y + 2 = 0 and 3x – y + 3 =
0 is consistent. Also find the coordinates of the points where the graphs of the
equations meet the Y-axis.
𝐴𝐷 3
11. In triangle ABC, DE is parallel to BC and = . If AC= 4.8 cm, find AE.
𝐷𝐵 5
12. In the below figure, if AB is parallel to DC and AC and PQ intersect each other
at the point O, prove that OA . CQ = OC. AP

13. Find the value of k for which the system of equations kx – y = 2 and 6x - 2y =3
has a unique solution.
14. Find the values of a and b for which the following system of linear equation has
infinitely many solution: 2x - (a-4) y =2b+1 and 4x - (a-1) y = 5b-1
15. There are some students in the two examination halls A and B. To make the
number of students equal in each hall, 10 students are sent from A to B. But if 20
students are sent from B to A, the number of students in A becomes double the
number of students in B. Find the number of students in the two halls.
16. The sum of a two digit number and the number obtained by reversing the order
of its digits is 165. If digits differ by 3, find the number.
17. Father’s age is three times the sum of ages of two children. After 5 years his
age will be twice the sum of ages of two children. Find the age of the father.
18. State and prove Basic Proportionality Theorem
19. Solve for x and y:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
+ + 1 = 15, + = 15
10 5 8 6
20. If – 5 is a root of the quadratic equation 2x2 + px – 15 = 0 and the quadratic
equation p(x2 + x) + k = 0 has equal roots, find the value of k.
21. The hypotenuse of a right triangle is 1 m less than twice the shortest side. If the
third side is 1 m more than the shortest side, find the sides of the triangle.
22. The difference of two natural numbers is 5 and the difference of their
reciprocals is 1/10. Find the numbers.
23. Prove that √11 is an irrational number.

24. Find the HCF of the numbers 520 and 468 by prime factorization.
25. Find the LCM of 24,60,150 by the fundamental theorem of arithmetic.

Geography
1. Do practice of map work.

2. 2. Collect and paste pictures of the following dams in geography notebook and
write a brief description (4–5 lines) for each. The description should include the
name of the dam, the river on which it is built, the state where it is located, its
primary purpose( irrigation,electricity, water supply etc. and one interesting fact
(year of construction,any special feature).

List of Dams: .Salal, Bhakra Nangal, Tehri, Rana Pratap Sagar, Sardar Sarovar,
Hirakud, Nagarjun Sagar, Tungabhadra .

History
1.Read Ch. 1 (History) Rise of Nationalism in Europe and note down short questions
& answers in your notebook.
2.Write slogans or paragraph to express your feelings of patriotism .

Civics
1. *Schedule Languages Project*: Write down the languages mentioned in the
Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution along with the states where they are
predominantly spoken. Present this in your Civics notebook creatively.
2. *Union List, State List,Concurrent List, and Residuary Powers Project*: Research
and write about the key subjects under the Union List, State List and Concurrent
List. Also, explain the importance of Residuary Powers and list its subjects. Make
sure to present your work neatly and creatively in your notebook.
*Tips for Presentation*:
- Use colorful diagrams, or illustrations.
- Write neatly with proper headings and subheadings.
- Keep your work organized and visually appealing.
*Submission*: Please submit your projects on the designated date after the
holidays.

Economics
1. Write atleast five features of the following sectors
A Public Sector
B Private Sector
C Organised Sector
D Unorganised Sector
2. Make a project on consumer awareness
3.Revise the syllabus covered in the class.

Physics
-Complete the Lab Manual
-Revise Syllabus of Unit Test -1 (Chapter-Reflection and Refraction of light)
-Do the Assignment .
Assignment
1. a) Explain why the refractive index of any material with respect to air is always
greater.
(b) In the figure given below, a light ray travels from air into the semi-circular plastic
block. Give a reason why the ray does not deviate at the semi-circular boundary of
the plastic block.

2. Size of virtual image of an object by a mirror having a focal length of 20 cm is

observed to be reduced to 1/3rd of its size. At what distance the object has been
placed from the mirror? What is the nature of the image and the mirror?
3. We wish to obtain an erect image of an object using a concave mirror of focal
length 20 cm What should be the range of distance of the object from the mirror?
What is the nature of the image? Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation
in this case ?
4. An object of 5 cm is placed at a distance of 20 cm in front of a convex lens of focal
length 30 cm. Find the position, nature and size of the image.
5. Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a concave lens when an
object is placed (a) at the focus of the lens (b) between focus and twice the focal
length of the lens (c) beyond twice the focal length of the lens
6. A concave mirror is used for image formation for different positions of an object.
What inferences can be drawn about the following when an object is placed at a
distance of 10 cm from the pole of a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm?
(a) Position of the image
(b) Size of the image
(c) Nature of the image
Draw a labelled ray diagram to justify your inferences.
7. A 10 cm long pencil is placed 5 cm in front of a concave mirror having a radius of
curvature of 40 cm.
(a) Determine the position of the image formed by this mirror.
(b) What is the size of the image?
(c) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image as mentioned in the part
(i).
8.Assertion: Linear magnification of a mirror has no unit.
Reason: The ratio of height of the image to the height of the object is the linear
magnification produced by the mirror
9.Assertion (A): A ray of light passing through the center of curvature of a spherical
mirror retraces its path after reflection.
Reason (R): A ray of light passing through the center of curvature of a spherical
mirror is incident normally on the surface of the mirror.
10.Assertion (A): Magnification of a real image is negative, but magnification of a
virtual image is positive.
Reason (R): A real image is formed when light rays actually meet after reflection,
and a virtual image is formed when light rays appear to meet.
11.Assertion: If a ray of light is incident on a convex mirror along its principal axis,
then the angle of incidence as well as the angle of reflection for a ray of light will be
zero.
Reason: A ray of light going towards the centre of curvature of a convex mirror is
reflected back along the same path.
12.Assertion: In the case of a concave mirror, the minimum distance between the
real object and its real image is zero.
Reason: If a concave mirror forms a virtual image of a real object, the image is
magnified.
 Chemistry
-Complete the Lab Manual
-Revise Syllabus of Unit Test -1 (Chapter-Chemical reaction & equations)
-Do the Assignment .
Assignment of Chapter – 1
Chemical reactions and equations
1. You might have noted that when copper powder is heated in a china dish , the
reddish brown surface of the copper powder gets coated with a black substance .
(a) Why is this black substance formed?
(b) What is this black substance?
(c) Write the chemical equation of the reaction that takes place.
2. (a) Define the process of electrolytic decomposition.
(b) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction taking place in this ?
(c) The reaction does not take place if a few drops of dilute sulphuric acid are no
added. Why?
3. A metal nitrate A on heating gives yellowish brown coloured metal oxide along
with brown gas B and a colourless gas C. An aqueous solution of A on reaction
with potassium iodide forms a yellow precipitate.
a. Identify A and B .
b. Also, write the reaction involved.
4. Mention with reasons the colour changes observed when:
(i) silver bromide is exposed to sunlight.
(ii) Magnesium ribbon is strongly heated in the presence of oxygen.
(iii) a piece of iron is dropped in Copper Sulphate solution
5. What happens when aqueous solution of sodium sulphate react with aqueous
solution of Barium Chloride. State the physical condition of reactant in which the
reaction between them will not take place. write the balanced equation.
6.Why respiration is an exothermic reaction?
7. Mention two observations which you will make on heating ferrous sulphate
crystal in a boiling tube.
8 . What is Redox reaction? Identify the substances oxidized and the substances
reduced in the following reaction:
CuO + H2. _ Cu + H2O
MnO2 + 4HCl _ MnCl2. + 2H2O + Cl2
1.Assertion (A) : Decomposition of vegetable matter into compost is an example
of exothermic reactions.
Reason (R) : Exothermic reaction are those reactions in which heat is evolved.
2.Assertion(A)When HCl is added to zinc granules, a chemical reaction occurs.
Reason (R) : Evolution of a gas and change in colour indicate that the chemical
reaction is taking place.
3.Assertion (A) : Calcium carbonate when heated gives calcium oxide and water.
Reason (R) : On heating calcium carbonate, decomposition reaction takes place.
4. Assertion (A) : Brown fumes are produced when lead nitrate is heated.
Reason (R) : Nitrogen dioxide gas is produced as a by product due to the
decomposition of lead nitrate.
5.Assertion (A) : White silver chloride turns grey in sunlight.
Reason (R) : Decomposition of silver chloride in presence of sunlight takes place to
form silver metal and chlorine gas.
MCQs
1.Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations
1. Which of the following is a displacement reaction?

2. Magnesium ribbon is rubbed before burning because it has a coating of

(a) basic magnesium carbonate
(b) basic magnesium oxide
 (c) basic magnesium sulphide
(d) basic magnesium chloride
3.. Which of the following statements about the given reaction are correct?
3Fe (s) + 4H2O (g) → Fe3O4 (s) + 4 H2 (g)
(i) Iron metal is getting oxidised
(ii) Water is getting reduced
(iii) Water is acting as reducing agent
(iv) Water is acting as oxidising agent
(a) (i), (zi) and (iii)
(b) (in) and (iv)
(c) (i), (ii) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iv)

Biology
-Complete the Lab Manual
-Revise Syllabus of Unit Test -1 Lesson Life Processes- Topics: Nutrition and
Respiration
-Do the Assignment .
Answer the following questions:
Q1.If the chlorophyll in plants were to become non-functional, what would be the
short-term and long-term effects on plant life and the ecosystem?
Q2.Imagine a scenario where a person has a deficiency of bile salts. Predict the
impact on their digestion and justify your answer with scientific reasoning.
Q3.Muscle cramps occur after strenuous exercise. Explain this phenomenon using
the concept of anaerobic respiration.
Q4.How would oxygen unavailability affect the process of respiration in plants and
humans? Predict the outcomes in both cases.
Q5.Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using glucose over fats for energy
production during physical activity.
Q6.If the alveolar surface area in human lungs were reduced, how would it affect
the rate of respiration and overall metabolism?
Q7.Assertion Reason
a)Assertion (A): Green plants are called autotrophs.
Reason (R): They synthesize their own food using sunlight, water, and carbon
dioxide.
b)Assertion (A): Pepsin functions efficiently in the stomach.
Reason (R): Pepsin requires an acidic medium to act on proteins.
c)Assertion (A): Less energy is produced in anaerobic respiration than in aerobic
respiration.
Reason (R): In anaerobic respiration, glucose is partially broken down.
d)Assertion (A): Stomata are present on the surface of leaves.
Reason (R): Stomata are the main sites for absorption of water in plants.
Q8. A variegated leaf with green and yellow patches in used for an experiment to
prove that chlorophyll is required for photosynthesis. Before the experiment the
green portions (A), and the pale-yellow portions (B), are observed. What will be the
colour of ‘A’ just before and after the starch test? Also write the equation of
photosynthesis and mark, as well as validate from which molecule the by-product is
obtained.
Q9 (a) Draw a diagram of human respiratory system and label the following:
(i) part where air is filtered by fine hair and mucus
(ii) part which terminates in balloon – like structures
(iii) balloon – like structures where exchange of gases takes place.
(iv) part which separates chest cavity from abdominal cavity.
(b) Why is the rate of breathing in aquatic organisms much faster than in terrestrial
organisms?
Q10.What will happen to the rate of photosynthesis in a plant under the following
circumstances
(i) cloudy day in morning but bright sunshine in the afternoon
(ii) no rainfall in the area for a considerable time.
(iii) gathering of dust on the leaves.
Q11. If the teeth are not cleaned regularly, they become covered with a sticky
yellowish layer W of food particles and bacteria. Since layer W covers the teeth, the
alkaline liquid X secreted by glands Y inside the mouth cannot reach the teeth
surface to neutralise the acid formed by the action of organisms Z on sugary lood
and hence tooth decay sets in.
(a) What is W known as?
(b) What is (i) X, and (ii) Y
(c ) What are organisms Z ?
Q12. The partially digested food coming from the stomach of a person enters a long
and narrow organ A in his body. The organ A receives the secretions of two glands:
liver and pancreas. Liver secretes a greeenish yellow liquid B which is normally
stored in the organ C. Pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which contains three
digestive enzymes D, E and F. The intestinal juice completes the process of digestion
of food. The inner wall of organ A has millions of tiny finger-like projections G which
help in the rapid absorption of digested food into blood stream. The undigested part
of food then passes into wider tube H which absorbs most of the water from
undigested food. The last part of tube H called I stores this undigested food (or
waste) for some time. The undigested food is then passed out through opening J as
faeces in the process known as K .
(a) Name the organ A.
(b) Name (i) liquid B, and (ii) organ C.
(c) What are the digestive enzymes D, E and F?
(d) Name the projections G present on the inner wall of organ A.
(e) Name (i) tube H (ii) part 1 (iii) opening J, and (iv) process K.

Computer
1. Revise Unit 1 (Communication Skills-II) & Unit 2 (Self Management Skills-II) of
Part-A
2. Write any 10 shortcut keys used in Libre Office (Text Document) in Computer
Notebook.
3. Write the name of any 5 AI (Artificial Intelligence) Apps used for Educational
Purpose, Paste its logo also in Computer Notebook.