NAN 1013

Anatomy & Physiology

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM:
BLOOD PRESSURE
&
BLOOD CIRCULATION

NORSALAWATI ISMAIL

NI 1
Learning Objectives
1. Define blood pressure.
2. Describe systolic and diastolic pressure.
3. Name the factors controlling blood pressure.
4. Define pulmonary and systemic circulation.
5. Name main arteries and veins of the head
and neck
6. Name main arteries and veins of the
thoracic cavity.
7. Name main arteries and veins of the
abdominal cavity.
8. Name main arteries and veins of the pelvis
and lower limb. NI 2
Blood Pressure
◼ The pressure which the blood exerts on the
wall of the blood vessels.
◼ Systolic pressure- when ventricles contract,
pressure produced within the arterial
system.120mmHg.
◼ Diastolic pressure- pressure within the arterial
system when the heart rests. 80mmHg
◼ BP= 120 mmHg
80

NI 3
Control of blood pressure
◼ Short term control- baroreceptors,
chemoreceptors and hormones.
◼ Long term control- by the kidneys and
renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system.
◼ Higher center of the brain: sympathetic
& parasympathetic.

NI 4
NI 5
Circulation of Blood
◼ Divided into 2 parts:
◼ Pulmonary circulation
◼ Systemic or general circulation

NI 6
Pulmonary Circulation
◼ Circulation of
blood from the
right ventricle of
the heart to the
lungs and back
to the left
atrium.

NI 7
Systemic Circulation
◼ Blood pumped
out from the left
ventricle by the
branch of aorta
around the body
and is returned to
the right atrium of
the heart by the
SVC and IVC.
NI 8
 ◼ First blood vessel that
Aorta takes oxygenated
blood from the heart to
the whole body.
◼ Thoracic aorta is the
part above the
diaphragm that
branches into
◼ Ascending aorta -
Rt.&Lt. coronary
arteries.
◼ Arch of aorta-
brachiocephalic artery,
Lt. common carotid
artery, Lt. subclavian
artery.
◼ Descending aorta-
NI abdominal aorta. 9
Circulation to the head and
neck
◼ 1 pair of
Common
carotid arteries
(right and left)

◼ Vertebral
arteries

NI 10
Common carotid arteries
◼ Divided into
internal and
external.
◼ Contain
chemoreceptors
and
baroreceptors.
◼ Internal carotid
artery supplies
blood to the Circle
of Willis - major
supplier of blood
to the brain.
NI 11
 ◼ Circulus
Circle of Willis arteriosus
◼ Made up of:
◼ 2 anterior
cerebral arteries
◼ 2 internal
carotid arteries
◼ 1 anterior
communicating
artery
◼ 2 posterior
communicating
arteties
◼ 2 posterior
cerebral arteries
◼ 1 basilar artery
NI 12
Venous return from the head
and neck
◼ Deep and superficial
veins.
◼ From the jugular
vein into the
subclavian vein.
◼ Subclavian vein into
brachiocephalic
veins.
◼ Brachiocephalic
veins into the
superior vena cava.
NI 13
Circulation of the upper limb
(arteries)
◼ Subclavian
arteries forming
axillary's artery--
> brachial artery.
◼ Brachial artery
branching into
radial and ulna
artery---> deep
and superficial
palmar arch. --->
digital arteries.
NI 14
Circulation of the upper limb
(venous return)
◼ Cephalic, medial
and basilic vein-->
median cubital
vein--> brachial
vein -->auxillary
vein-->subclavian
vein--> SVC.

NI 15
Blood supply to the thorax
(artery)
◼ Descending aorta-->
bronchial arteries --
>esophageal
arteries--> intercostal
arteries.

NI 16
Blood supply to the thorax
(veins)
◼ All venous
blood drains
into the
azygos vein
and
hemiazygos
vein which
joins the
SVC.
NI 17
Abdominal Cavity (artery)

◼ Abdominal aorta--
>renal artery-->
testicular / ovarian
artery--> inferior
mesentric artery--
> common iliac
artery--> internal &
external iliac
artery
NI 18
Abdominal Cavity (vein)

◼ Right & left

NI 19
Portal circulation
◼ Venous blood passes
through digestive
system, the spleen and
pancreas to the liver.
◼ Then passes through
the hepatic sinusoid
before entering the
general circulation via
IVC.
◼ High concentration of
nutrients.
NI 20
Portal circulation -portal vein

◼ Union of :
◼ Splenic
vein
◼ Inferior
mesenteric
vein
◼ Superior
mesenteric
vein
◼ Gastric
veins
◼ Cystic vein
NI 21
Circulation to the pelvis and
lower limb (artery)
◼ Common iliac artery
divides into internal
and external iliac
arteries.
◼ Internal iliac - supply
to organs of the
pelvic cavity.
◼ External iliac- forms
femoral artery-->
popletial artery-->
anterior&
posteriortibial
arteries--> dorsalis
pedis artery--> digital
NI arteries. 22
Circulation to the lower limb
(vein)

◼ Dorsal venous
arch--> great
saphenous vein--
> femoral vein.

NI 23
NI 24