Key Terms GCSE AQA Sociology

Families (sociological perspectives & research methods have been integrated this section)
• Adolescence
• Agency of socialisation
• Arranged marriage
• Attitude survey
• Bias
• Bigamy
• Blended (or reconstituted) family
• Canalization
• Case study
• Census
• Child rearing
• Childhood
• Class deal (in relation to working-class women)
• Closed question
• Cohabitation
• Commune
• Competition (in a variety of contexts)
• Confidentiality
• Conformity
• Conjugal relationships
• Conjugal role
• Consensus
• Content analysis
• Continuity
• Conventional family
• Covert observation
• Crisis of masculinity
• Data
• Data analysis
• Data protection
• Dependent family members
• Discrimination
• Divorce
• Domestic division of labour
• Double shift (women in marriage)
• Double standards (as applied to the behaviour of men and women in society)
• Dual career family
• Dysfunctional families
• Economic function (of families)
• Economy
• Egalitarian
• Empty nest family
• Empty shell marriage
• Ethical considerations
• Ethnic diversity
• Ethnic group
• Ethnic minority
• Ethnicity
• Ethnography
• Expectations
• Expressive role (functions of the family)
• Extended family
• Family
• Family diversity
• Feminism
• Feminists
• Focus group
• Functionalism
• Functionalists
• Functionally important roles
• Gender
• Gender deal (in relation to working class women)
• Gender roles
• Glass ceiling (in relation to women in employment)
• Hypothesis
• Idealisation
• Image
• Immigrant
• Immigration
• Income
• Informed consent
• Instrumental role (functions of the family)
• Integrated conjugal roles
• Interactionism
• Intergenerational
• Interview
• Isolation (social and family)
• Kibbutz
• Kin
• Kinship
• Life chances
• Life expectancy
• Lifestyle
• Lone parent family
• Longitudinal study
• Male domination (of society)
• Marriage
• Marxism
• Marxist
• Mass media
• Matriarch
• Matriarchal family
• Middle class
• Mixed methods research
• Monogamy
• New man
• News value
• Non-participant observation
• Norms
• Nuclear family
• Observation
• Open question
• Participant observation
• Particularistic standards
• Patriarchal family
• Patriarchy
• Pluralism
• Polyandry
• Polygamy
• Polygyny
• Popular press
• Population
• Primary data
• Primary socialisation
• Principle of stratified diffusion
• Privatised (nuclear family)
• Privatised instrumentalism (social relationships centred on the home)
• Propaganda
• Qualitative data
• Quality press
• Quantitative data
• Questionnaire
• Quota sample
• Racial discrimination
• Racism
• Random sample
• Reconstituted (or blended) family
• Reliability
• Representative data/sample
• Research
• Respondent
• Role conflict
• Roles
• Rural
• Sample
• Sampling frame
• Secondary data
• Secondary socialisation
• Secularisation
• Segregated conjugal roles
• Selective use of data
• Separate spheres (in relation to the role of women)
• Serial monogamy
• Sex (gender) discrimination
• Sex (gender) equality
• Sexism
• Snowball sample
• Social change/changing social attitudes
• Social class/socio-economic class
• Social cohesion
• Social construct
• Social control (formal and informal)
• Social convention
• Social exclusion
• Social inequality
• Social mobility
• Social network
• Social order
• Social stigma
• Social stratification
• Socialisation
• Socially defined behaviour
• Society
• Status
• Step parent
• Stereotype
• Survey
• Symmetrical family
• Systematic sample
• Technological change
• Theoretical perspective
• Traditional family roles
• Trend (in relation to data)
• Triangulation (in relation to social research)
• Unrepresentative data/sample
• Unstructured interview
• Universal standards
• Urban
• Validity
• Value consensus
• Values
• Welfare state
• Work life balance
• Working class
• World view
• Youth culture.
Education (sociological perspectives & research methods have been integrated)
• Academy
• Achievement (in education)
• Anti-school sub-culture
• Attitude survey
• Bias
• Case study
• Census
• Citizenship
• Closed question
• Competition (in a variety of contexts)
• Comprehensive school
• Compulsory state education
• Confidentiality
• Conformity
• Consensus
• Content analysis
• Continuity
• Correspondence principle
• Counter school subculture
• Covert observation
• Cultural capital
• Cultural deprivation
• Cultural values
• Culture
• Curriculum
• Dark figure of crime
• Data
• Data analysis
• Data protection
• De-schooling
• Discrimination
• Economy
• Education
• Education reform
• Egalitarian
• Eleven plus
• Employment
• Ethical considerations
• Ethnic diversity
• Ethnic group
• Ethnic minority
• Ethnicity
• Ethnocentric curriculum
• Ethnography
• Ethos (of the school)
• Exclusion (from school)
• Expectations
• Fee paying, public, independent or private school
• Feminism
• Feminists
• Focus group
• Formal curriculum
• Formal education
• Free school
• Functionalism
• Functionalists
• Functionally important roles
• Further education
• Gender
• Gender roles
• Gendered curriculum
• Glass ceiling (in relation to women in employment)
• Hidden curriculum
• Higher education
• Home tuition
• Hypothesis
• Image
• Immigrant
• Immigration
• Inclusion (in education)
• Income
• Informal education
• Informed consent
• Institutional racism
• Intelligence quotient
• Interactionism
• Interest groups
• Interview
• Labelling
• League tables in education
• Life chances
• Lifestyle
• Lone parent family
• Longitudinal study
• Marketization of education
• Marxism
• Marxist
• Mass media
• Master status
• Middle class
• Mixed ability
• Mixed methods research
• News value
• Non-participant observation
• Norms
• Observation
• Ofsted
• Open question
• Organised religion
• Participant observation
• Particularistic standards
• Pluralism
• Popular press
• Primary data
• Privatisation (economy)
• Propaganda
• Public examinations
• Qualitative data
• Quality press
• Quantitative data
• Questionnaire
• Quota sample
• Racial discrimination
• Racism
• Random sample
• Reliability
• Representative data/sample
• Research
• Respondent
• Role conflict
• Roles
• Rural
• Sample
• Sampling frame
• Sanctions
• SATs
• Secondary data
• Secondary socialisation
• Selective schools
• Selective use of data
• Self-fulfilling prophecy
• Setting in education
• Sex (gender) discrimination
• Sex (gender) equality
• Sexism
• Snowball sample
• Social change/changing social attitudes
• Social class/socio-economic class
• Social cohesion
• Social construct
• Social control (formal and informal)
• Social convention
• Social exclusion
• Social inequality
• Social mobility
• Social network
• Social stratification
• Socialisation
• Socially defined behaviour
• Society
• Special school
• Specialist school
• Status
• Stereotype
• Subculture
• Survey
• Systematic sample
• Teacher expectations
• Technological change
• Theoretical perspective
• Trend (in relation to data)
• Triangulation (in relation to social research)
• Tripartite system
• Unrepresentative data/sample
• Unstructured interview
• Universal standards
• Urban
• Validity
• Value consensus
• Values
• Vocationalism in education (work related curriculum)
• Welfare state
• Working class
• World view
• Youth culture.
Crime and deviance (sociological perspectives & research methods are integrated)
• Agenda setting (and the media in relation to crime/deviance)
• Agent of social control
• Alienation
• Anomie
• Anti-social behaviour
• Attitude survey
• Bias
• Case study
• Census
• Chivalry thesis
• Closed question
• Community service
• Confidentiality
• Conformity
• Consensus
• Content analysis
• Continuity
• Control theory (in relation to women and crime)
• Corporate crime
• Covert observation
• Crime
• Crime rate
• Criminal justice system
• Criminal subculture
• Dark figure of crime
• Data
• Data analysis
• Data protection
• Delinquency
• Deviance
• Deviancy amplification
• Deviant career
• Discrimination
• Economy
• Established (state) church
• Ethical considerations
• Ethnic diversity
• Ethnic group
• Ethnic minority
• Ethnicity
• Ethnography
• Expectations
• Feminism
• Feminists
• Focus group
• Folk devils
• Functionalism
• Functionalists
• Functionally important roles
• Fundamentalism
• Gender
• Gender and criminality
• Gender deal (in relation to working-class women)
• Gender roles
• Hypothesis
• Identity
• Identity theft
• Image
• Indictable offence
• Informed consent
• Injustice
• Institutional racism
• Intelligence quotient
• Interactionism
• Interview
• Judiciary
• Labelling
• Law
• Legislation
• Legislative process
• Legislature
• Life chances
• Longitudinal study
• Magistrate
• Male domination (of society)
• Marxism
• Marxist
• Mass media
• Master status
• Media amplification
• Media stereotype
• Miscarriage of justice
• Mixed methods research
• Moral panic
• National curriculum
• News value
• Non-indictable offence
• Non-participant observation
• Norms
• Observation
• Official crime statistics
• Open question
• Participant observation
• Pluralism
• Police caution
• Popular press
• Poverty (linked to crime)
• Primary data
• Prison system
• Privatisation (economy)
• Probation system
• Propaganda
• Qualitative data
• Quality press
• Quantitative data
• Questionnaire
• Quota sample
• Racial discrimination
• Racism
• Random sample
• Recorded crime
• Reliability
• Reported crime
• Representative data/sample
• Research
• Respondent
• Right of appeal
• Role conflict
• Roles
• Rural
• Sample
• Sampling frame
• Sanctions
• Scapegoat
• Secondary data
• Selective use of data
• Self-fulfilling prophecy
• Self-report study
• Sex (gender) discrimination
• Sex (gender) equality
• Sexism
• Snowball sample
• Social change/changing social attitudes
• Social class/socio-economic class
• Social cohesion
• Social construct
• Social control (formal and informal)
• Social convention
• Social exclusion
• Social order
• Social stigma
• Social stratification
• Socialisation
• Socially defined behaviour
• Society
• Status
• Status frustration
• Stereotype
• Subculture
• Surveillance
• Survey
• Systematic sample
• Technological change
• Terrorism
• Theoretical perspective
• Trend (in relation to data)
• Triangulation (in relation to social research)
• Unrepresentative data/sample
• Unstructured interview
• Unwritten rules
• Urban
• Validity
• Value consensus
• Values
• Victim survey
• Welfare scrounger/benefit cheat
• White collar crime
• World view
• Youth crime
Social stratification (sociological perspectives & research methods are integrated)
• Absolute poverty
• Achieved status
• Affluence
• Ageism
• Aristocracy
• Ascribed status
• Assimilation
• Asylum seeker
• Attitude survey
• Authority
• Bias
• Bourgeois
• Bourgeoisie
• Bureaucracy
• Bureaucratic authority
• Capitalism
• Capitalist
• Case study
• Caste
• Censorship
• Census
• Charismatic authority
• Class alignment
• Class dealignment
• Class struggle
• Classless society
• Class struggle
• Classless society
• Closed question
• Communism
• Community
• Competition (in a variety of contexts)
• Confidentiality
• Conformity
• Consensus
• Constituency
• Content analysis
• Continuity
• Covert observation
• Culture of dependency
• Cycle of deprivation
• Dark figure of crime
• Data
• Data analysis
• Data protection
• Deferential
• Dictatorship
• Direct action
• Discrimination
• Distribution (of power and of wealth)
• Economy
• Egalitarian
• Elite
• Embourgeoisement
• Emigration
• Employment
• Environmental poverty
• Ethical considerations
• Ethnic diversity
• Ethnic group
• Ethnic minority
• Ethnicity
• Ethnography
• Expectations
• False class consciousness
• Fascism
• Feminism
• Feminists
• Feudalism
• First past the post (electoral system)
• Focus group
• Functionalism
• Functionalists
• Functionally important roles
• Gatekeeper (mass media)
• Gender
• Gender roles
• Glass ceiling (in relation to women in employment)
• Hypothesis
• Image
• Immigrant
• Immigration
• Income
• Industrial dispute
• Informed consent
• Institutional racism
• Interactionism
• Interest groups
• Intergenerational
• Interview
• Isolation (social and family)
• Left and right wing
• Legal rational authority
• Liberal democratic values
• Life chances
• Life expectancy
• Lifestyle
• Longitudinal study
• Lumpenproletariat
• Male domination (of society)
• Market situation (in relation to Weber on class)
• Marxism
• Marxist
• Mass media
• Means of production
• Means testing
• Member of Parliament
• Meritocracy
• Middle class
• Migration
• Mixed methods research
• Monarchy
• Multiculturalism
• Nation state
• Neo-conservatism
• Neo-liberalism
• New Right
• New social movement
• News value
• Non-participant observation
• Norms
• Observation
• Oligarchy
• Open question
• Organised religion
• Participant observation
• Patriarchy
• Petty Bourgeoisie
• Pluralism
• Political party
• Political socialisation
• Popular press
• Poverty
• Poverty trap
• Power
• Prejudice
• Pressure group
• Primary data
• Prime Minister
• Privatisation (economy)
• Proletarianisation
• Proletariat
• Propaganda
• Proportional representation
• Qualitative data
• Quality press
• Quantitative data
• Questionnaire
• Quota sample
• Racial discrimination
• Racism
• Random sample
• Relative deprivation
• Relative income standard of poverty
• Relative poverty
• Reliability
• Representative data/sample
• Research
• Respondent
• Role conflict
• Roles
• Ruling class ideology
• Sample
• Sampling frame
• Secondary data
• Selective benefits
• Selective use of data
• Sex (gender) discrimination
• Sex (gender) equality
• Sexism
• Slavery
• Snowball sample
• Social change/changing social attitudes
• Social class/socio-economic class
• Social cohesion
• Social construct
• Social control (formal and informal)
• Social exclusion
• Social inequality
• Social mobility
• Social network
• Social order
• Social security
• Social stratification
• Socialisation
• Socialism
• Society
• State standard of poverty
• Status
• Subjective class
• Subjective poverty
• Surplus wealth
• Survey
• Systematic sample
• Technological change
• Theoretical perspective
• Trade union
• Traditional authority
• Trend (in relation to data)
• Triangulation (in relation to social research)
• Underclass
• Under-employment
• Unemployment
• Universal benefits
• Unrepresentative data/sample
• Unstructured interview
• Upper class
• Validity
• Value consensus
• Values
• Wage
• Wealth
• Welfare benefits
• Welfare reform
• Welfare scrounger/benefit cheat
• Welfare state
• White collar worker
• Work life balance
• Working class