UACE RESOURFUL EXAMINATIONS
S.6 CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2
2 hours 30 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES
Answer five questions including three questions in section A and any two
questions in section B.
SECTION A
Attempt three questions from this section.
1. The table below shows the atomic radius and first ionization energy of some
elements in period (III) of the periodic table.
ELEMENT Na Mg Al Si P S Cl
Atomic Radius (nm) 0.186 0.160 0.143 0.119 0.110 0.104 0.099
First lionization energy (KJmol- 496 738 577 787 1060 1000 1251
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)
(a) (i)State how atomic radius of the elements varies across the period.
(ii)Explain your answer in (a) (i).
(b) (i)Explain how atomic radius affects the first lonization energy.
(ii)Why is the first lonization energy of aluminum lower than that of
magnesium?
(c) (i) Write an equation for the first ionization energy of phosphorous
(ii) Plot a graph of first ionisation energy against atomic number
(iii) Explain the shape of your graph in (c) (i) above
(d) (i)Sate how the first ionization energies of group (I) elements vary down the
group
(ii) State how the first ionization energy of the elements of group (I) are
related to the reactivity of the elements (Illustrate your answer using the
reactivity of group (I) elements with water)
2. Complete the following equations and in each case suggest a mechanism for
the reaction.
(a) (CH3)2C = CH2 Br2/ CCl4 (2½marks)
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(b) + CH3COCl AlCl3 (04marks)
(c) CH3CH CH3 Conc. H2SO4 (04marks)
OH 170oC
(e) CH3CH2CH2Cl NH3 / Ethanol (2½marks)
heat in a sealed tube
CH3
(f) CH3 C─ CH3 KOH(aq) (2½marks)
Br heat
3. (a) Define the following terms
(i) Standard enthalpy of combustion (01marks)
(ii) Standard enthalpy of formation (01marks)
(b) Describe an experiment that can be carried out to determine the
enthalpy of combustion of naphthalene (C10H8) by method of Bomb
calorimeter . ( Diagram not required) (05marks)
(c) The heat produced by burning 64g naphthalene is absorbed by 2.5kg
of water and temperature of water was recorded at regular time
intervals. The results are shown in the table below.
Time (min) 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
Temperatur 25.0 25.0 25.0 65.5 68.0 69.0 68.0 65.5 64.0
e (oC)
6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5
62.5 60.5 59.0 57.5 56.0
(i) Plot a graph of temperature against time.
(04marks)
(ii) Use the graph to determine the enthalpy of combustion of
naphthalene. (04marks)
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(d) (i) Construct a Born Haber cycle for the standard enthalpy of
formation of phosphorus pentachloride. (02marks)
(ii) The standard enthalpy of formation of carbon dioxide and water
are -394 and -242 kJmol-1 respectively. The standard enthalpy
of combustion of ethane is -1560kJmol-1. The standard enthalpy
of hydrogenation of ethene is -138kJmol-1. Calculate the
standard enthalpy of formation of ethene.
(03marks)
4. (a) What is meant by the terms
(i) order of reaction (01mark)
(ii) half-life (01marks)
(b) A compound B decomposes according to the following equation.
2B products
The table below shows the concentration of B at various times.
Time (minutes 2.0 4.0 7.0 10.0 14.0 20.0
Concentration of 0.820 0.670 0.490 0.372 0.240 0.141
B (moldm-3)
Draw a graph of against time (05marks)
(c) Use the graph to determine the
(i) original concentration of B (01mark)
(ii) order of reaction (02marks)
(iii) rate constant for the reaction. (02marks)
(i) Half- life for the reaction. (1½marks)
(d) (i) Using the same axes , draw a labelled energy-level diagram for
uncatalysed and catalysed reaction . (3½marks)
(ii) State the difference in your graphs. (01mark)
(iii) State how a catalyst increase the rate of a reaction. (02marks)
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SECTION B
Answer two questions from this section
5. Using equations only show how the following conversion can be effected.
(a) Propanone acid from propene (04marks)
(b) Phenyl amine from benzoic acid. (5½marks)
(c) 2 -bromopropane from 1,2- dibromo propane (3½marks)
(d) Benzaldehyde from ethyne. (4½marks)
(e) CH3 CHCH2CH3 from but-1- ene (2½marks)
NH2
6. (a) Define the terms
(i) Colligative property (01mark)
(ii) osmotic pressure (01marks)
(b) Describe an experiment that you would carry out to determine
the relative molecular mass of polychloroethene, H Cl
using osmotic pressure method C C
(using tetrachloromethane as a solvent.) H H n
(07marks)
(c) (i) State the laws of osmotic pressure. (02marks)
(ii) State the conditions under which the laws are invalid.
(03marks)
(d) The osmotic pressure of solution of polychloroethene in
tetrachloromethane containing 2.16% at 29oC is 0.38mmHg.
(i) Calculate the relative molecular mass of the polymer.
(03marks)
(ii) Determine the number of monomer units in the polymer.
(01marks)
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(e) Explain why the freezing point method is not suitable for determining
the relative molecular mass of polychloroethene. (02marks)
7. Explain the following observations.
(a) Iodine is sparingly soluble in water but very soluble in potassium iodide
solution. (3marks)
(b) Propene undergoes electrophilic addition whereas propanone undergoes
nucleophilic addition (5marks)
(c) When a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate is added to a solution of
potassium chromium(III) sulphate, a green precipitate is formed with
effervescence. (5marks)
(d) (i) Ammonia boils at -33oc whereas phosphine boils at -88oc. (3marks)
(ii) When ammonia solution is added to a solution of magnesium sulphate a
white precipitate is formed, but when it is added in the presence of
ammonium sulphate no precipitate is formed. (5marks)
8. The mass spectrometer is used to determine the relative atomic mass of elements
consisting of various isotopes.
(a) What is meant by the term:
(i) Relative atomic mass
(ii)Relative intensity
(iii) Relative abundance
(b) Briefly describe how the relative atomic mass of magnesium consisting of
three isotopes can be determined. (Diagram not required)
(c) The relative atomic mass of magnesium with three isotopes
12 Mg , Mg∧ 12 ¿ 12 Mg ¿ is 24.3. If the percentage abundance of 12 Mg ∧ 12 Mgis equal.
24 25 26 25 26
(i) Calculate the percentage abundance of each isotope of magnesium
(ii) Sketch the mass spectrum of magnesium
END
