International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET)

| e-ISSN: 2319-8753, p-ISSN: 2320-6710| www.ijirset.com | Impact Factor: 8.118|

|| Volume 11, Issue 5, May 2022 ||

| DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2022.1105183 |

Analysis and Design of Deck-Bridge using

STAAD PRO V8i
Aparna Nikumbh 1, Allan Pereira 2, Faizan Inamdar 3, Nawnath Rathod 4, Feroj Shaikh 5.
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Dhole Patil College of Engineering Pune, India 1
U.G. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Dhole Patil College of Engineering Pune, India 2
U.G. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Dhole Patil College of Engineering Pune, India 3
U.G. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Dhole Patil College of Engineering Pune, India 4
U.G. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Dhole Patil College of Engineering Pune, India 5

ABSTRACT: A bridge is a structure that connects two transportation access points. A movable bridge allows for the
passage of two separate modes of transportation through waterways and railways/ roadways. The deck of the movable
bridge can be moved vertically. When the deck is lifted it gives passage for boats and at rest give passage for train. In the
southern portion of India, Pamban Bridge is the only movable bridge in India that connects Rameshwaram town with
Pamban Island. The behavior of the Pamban Bridge is determined using STAAD Pro V8i software and Indian Standard
codes for varied loads. On the bridge deck, the software calculates the maximum deflection, Shear force and Bending
Moment.

KEYWORDS: Movable Bridge, Vertical lifted bridge, Hydraulic action, Bridge Deck, Pamban bridge, STAAD Pro V8i.

I. INTRODUCTION

Bridge is a structure constructed in passage having obstacles such as river. there are various types of bridges like
suspension bridge, movable bridge etc. We are studying on Movable bridge. In India there is only one movable bridge,
it’s the Pamban bridge located in the southern part of India. The Pamban bridge joins Rameshwaram town with Pamban
islands. The purpose of the bridge is to provide passage of train and ships. The length of bridge is of 2.065 kilometres
having 143 spans and height of 24 m from foundation. The movable span is of 63m length and width of 10 m. Pamban
Bridge is a railway bridge constructed in the year 1914 by German Engineer Scherzer. Earlier, it was used by many
pilgrims to travel through bridge to the temple in Pamban island. There are various types of movable bridge like vertical
lift bridge, Bascule bridge and Swing Bridge. We have analysed the bridge deck on STAAD pro Software. STAAD Pro
stands for Structural Analysis and Design Program. It is of Bentley Systems; it is usually used to analyse and design a
structure. The analysis is done considering vehicle load of train engine, Self-weight of the deck, the prototype model of
the bridge is prepared using the lift technology of hydraulic jack to lift the bridge deck up to a height of additional 25
meters.

Types of movable bridges.

1. Bascule Bridge
2. Vertical Lift
3. Table Bridge

1. Bascule Bridge

The bridge with this movement has single or double flaps without limiting clearance. The connection between the ends
of flats transmits shear force only or shear force and bending moment. A counter weight is attached at the other end of
the bridge.

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International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET)

| e-ISSN: 2319-8753, p-ISSN: 2320-6710| www.ijirset.com | Impact Factor: 8.118|

|| Volume 11, Issue 5, May 2022 ||

| DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2022.1105183 |

2.Vertical Lift Bridge

A vertical lift bridge is a type of movable bridge that rises span vertically while remaining parallel with the deck. A lift
bridge has clear span between 30m to 50m and free board above water level of about 13m to 15m in service and 25m to
40m respectively when lifted.

3. Table Bridge

It is a movable ridge in which deck moves in the vertical axis. Hydraulic jacks are under the bridge rises the bridge
deck to allow barge traffic to pass beneath it, in contact to lift bridge.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

[1] Bharat Jeswani, and Dilip Budhlani purposed a study on analysis and design of a bridge on STAAD Pro software,
they have designed a composite deck slab. They have used IRC Class AA loading and IRC class A loading. A typical
Tee Beam is considered having components of continuous deck slab, longitudinal and cross girder. Use of Piqeaud’s
method is used to find long span and short span bending moment coefficient are read from curve developed, these curves
are used for slab support. Design of deck had uniformly distributed load, live load. There are images of Class AA tracked
loading, Class A loading in STAAD Pro. The results were shown in graphical chart having dead load and live load in all
four corners of the beck slab. They got bending moment, shear force and depth. They concluded with IRC Class AA
tracked loading vehicle.

[2] P.K. Sonawane, Rushikesh Shinde, Rahul Shinde, have presented a research paper on design and development of
vertical lifting bride. As in Germany, a movable bridge was built in 1972 for waterways transportation, and it was very
useful, so it was necessary to build such a bridge in India to keep both types of transportation (railway and waterway)
running. They considered the main piece of this bridge to be deck because it raised and settled, therefore they analysed
it as such. The project is a prototype or such a bridge and utilizes a chain drive mechanism to lift the middle span of the
bridge and this project is a model and a simplified version of Vertical Lifting Bridge and has been made under the
constraints of space, time and resources available.

[3] P. V. Kapure, Allan Pereira, Pratik Chikane, proposed a methodology in their paper Innovation of lift bridge by
hydraulic action, here they have studied the failure of bascule bridge located at Pamban bridge in India. They have given
an innovation to lift bridge by placing a hydraulic jack inside the piers and help the bridge lift vertically. A comparative
study of various types of movable bridge is also stated. These movable bridges are bascule bride, Swing Bridge and
vertical lift bridge. The space between the piers should be minimum 4 m to 6 m. This method created durable and has
more efficiency than bascule bridge.

[4] Akshay Bharadwaj Krishna proposed a study of bascule bridge on ANSYS software and prepared a detailed study on
Pamban Bridge old structure of double leaf bascule bridge. The calculation of loads was dynamic load included weight
of passenger train, dead load included self-weight of deck, and sleepers. A comparative study was done on stainless steel
and structural steel used in the movable deck. They have presented comparative study between stainless steel and
structural steel. From this paper it can be observed that maximum stress, strain and deformation occurs on the cage of the
bridge structure which includes the base and truss.

III. SCOPE

The deck of bridge is to be constructed using Prestressed concrete. The comparative study of changing deck from bascule
to vertical lift movable action. To get maximum free board to pass the barrages and ship under the deck. To focus on
transportation through sea ways.

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International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET)

| e-ISSN: 2319-8753, p-ISSN: 2320-6710| www.ijirset.com | Impact Factor: 8.118|

|| Volume 11, Issue 5, May 2022 ||

| DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2022.1105183 |

IV. AIM

‘To analyze and design of bridge deck on STAAD Pro V8i software, and propose modification of Pamban Bridge
deck from double bascule to vertical lift using hydraulic action’

V. OBJECTIVE

1) To study and calculated Vehicle moving capacity at Pamban Bridge.

2) To know the effect of different load types taken considering Indian codes as reference.
3) To find the maximum load capacity of the Bridge deck.
4) Analysis of bridge deck on STAAD Pro V8i
5) To find the effect of design parameters on the structure i.e., bending moment, Shear force and Nodal
Displacement.
6) Design of deck using Post tensioning considering One-way Slab.
7) To find wires diameter, number of wires and pacing required in bridge deck.

VI. METHODOLOGY

Study of dimensions and loads acting on

Pamban bridge

Literature Survey on various type of movable

bridges, especially vertical lift bridge

Modelling bridge deck and assign sectional

properties

Applying supports, Dead load and weight of

the train
VII.passing over bridge
OBJECTIVES

Stress-strain analysis along with deflection

on bridge deck

Design of prestressed Deck slab and getting

the required information

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International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET)

| e-ISSN: 2319-8753, p-ISSN: 2320-6710| www.ijirset.com | Impact Factor: 8.118|

|| Volume 11, Issue 5, May 2022 ||

| DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2022.1105183 |

VII. RESULTS

Load Calculations

Load Type Load Intensity

Self-Weight and weight of train engine 6750 kN
Weight of train 1346.45 kN

Figure 1. Maximum Figure 2. Maximum Stress

Figure 3. Bending Moment Figure 4. Plate Stress contour

Design of Deck
Materials
Grade of concrete = M 60
Steel is H. T. steel
Data Span = 10 m
Imposed load = 6750 kN/m2
Nominal diameter of strand = 15.20 mm
Nominal area of strand = 139.4 mm2
Strength of Strand = 250 kN
Loss Ratio (h) = 0.8

1. Bending moment/ due to DL and LL

b = Unit width of slab = 1.0 m;

D = Overall depth of slab
Mz = Bending moment due to dead load
[(b x h x 25) (10²)]
Mz = = 312.5 bh kN.m
8
Mq = Bending moment due to imposed load
[6750 x (10)2 ]
Mq = = 84375 kN.m
8

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International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET)

| e-ISSN: 2319-8753, p-ISSN: 2320-6710| www.ijirset.com | Impact Factor: 8.118|

|| Volume 11, Issue 5, May 2022 ||

| DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2022.1105183 |

2. Permissible stresses

Fig. 7 and 8 of IS 1343-2012

fct = fcw > 8 N/mm²;
ftt = ftw= 0 (Assuming type 1 member)
fbr = 0.8 x 6750 = 5400 N/mm2

3. Minimum section modulus

Using the governing inequalities to calculate minimum section moduli for the expected moments.

(bD²) [Mq + (1−h) Mg]

=
6 ftr

(1000 x h²) [84375 × 106 + (1 − 0.8) × 312.5 × 1000 × h)]

=
6 (0.8 × 8)

166.67 h² - 11.57 h – 15.625 x 106 = 0, on solving for h

h = 190 mm = 200 mm

Plugging h = 200 mm, b = 1000 mm

A = (1000 x 200) = 2,00,000 mm²;

(bD²)
Zb = = 6.67 x 106 mm³
6

[ (1.0 × 0.20 × 25) (10²)]

Mg = = 62.50 kN.m
8

4. Check for stresses

Stress in top fiber

P Mg 62.50 𝑋𝑋 10 6
ft = - =0- = - 9.37 N/mm2
A Zb 6.67 𝑋𝑋 10 6

P Mg+Mq 62.50 𝑋𝑋 10 6 + 84375 𝑋𝑋 10 6

fb = - =0- = - 15824.119 N/mm2
A n .Zb 0.8 𝑋𝑋 6.67 𝑋𝑋 10 6

5. To find prestressing force 'P' and eccentricity 'e'

To determine what combination of prestressing force, P and eccentricity, e will satisfy: Tensile and compressive stresses
at transfer and at service.

[A (fb Zb + ft Zt) (Z+Z₁)] [200 x 10³ (15824.119 x 6.67 x 10 6 − 9.37 x 6.67 x 10 6 ) ]

P= = = 1581.47 kN
[Zb + Zt] (6.67 x 10 6 + 6.67 x 10 6)

[Zt Zb (fb − ft) ] [6.67 x 10 6 × 6.67 x 10 6 (10.48 − (−3.67)]

e= = = 55.83 mm
A [ft Zt + fb Zt] 250 x 10³ (−3.67 x 6.67 x 10 6)

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International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET)

| e-ISSN: 2319-8753, p-ISSN: 2320-6710| www.ijirset.com | Impact Factor: 8.118|

|| Volume 11, Issue 5, May 2022 ||

| DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2022.1105183 |

6. Number of strands

Prestressing force, P = 1581.47 kN

Eccentricity, e = 55.83 mm
HT steel - 15.20 mm strand
Nominal area of strand - 139.4 mm²

:. The number of strands required

𝑃𝑃 1581.47
N= = = 6.32 ~ 7 Nos
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 250

Total area of HT steel, Ap= 7 (139.4) = 975.8 mm²

1000
Spacing between strands = =142.85 mm ~140 mm
7

: . Provide High Tensile 7 Nos of 15.2 mm strands @ 140 mm

7. Secondary reinforcement

Un-stressed steel reinforcement @ 0.12 % is to be provided.

: . Provide # 16 mm ∅ @ 300 mm c/c on both sides,

Figure 5. Steel Detailing

Figure 6. Cable Profile

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International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET)

| e-ISSN: 2319-8753, p-ISSN: 2320-6710| www.ijirset.com | Impact Factor: 8.118|

|| Volume 11, Issue 5, May 2022 ||

| DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2022.1105183 |

VIII. CONCLUSION

Design and analysis of vertical lifted bridge deck on STAAD Pro V8i is safe using Prestressed Concrete of M60 grade
and providing 7 Strands of 15.20 mm each having spacing of 140 mm and which can be lifted with the hydraulic action
considering combination of loads.

IX. REFERENCE

[1] Bharat Jeswani, Dilip Budhlani “Analysis and design of bridge component using STAAD pro” International Journal
of creative research thoughts, Volume 8, Issue 9, September 2020, Pages 121-132.

[2] P.K. Sonawane, Rushikesh Shinde, Rahul Shinde, Mahesh Shirsath and Akshay Shisode “Design and development
of vertical lifting bridge” International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, Volume 7, Issue
3, July 2021, Pages 2621-2628.

[3] P.V. Kapure, Allan Pereira, Pratik Chikane, Akshay Malkar, Pankaj Galande and Ragho Mhaddalkar “Innovation of
lift bridge by hydraulic action” International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology,
Volume 8, Issue 3, March 2019, Pages 3569-3572.

[4] Akshay Krishna, Akshay Pawgi, Shikhar Gupta and Narendiranath Babu “Design and analysis of a Bascule Bridge
using finite element method” International Journal of mechanical engineering and technology, Volume 8, Issue 7, July
2017, Pages 428-438.

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International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET)

| e-ISSN: 2319-8753, p-ISSN: 2320-6710| www.ijirset.com | Impact Factor: 8.118|

|| Volume 11, Issue 5, May 2022 ||

| DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2022.1105183 |

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