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The document discusses various mathematical concepts, including Gershgorin's circle theorem and eigenvalues. It presents proofs and methods for solving systems of equations, as well as vector spaces and transformations. Additionally, it touches on linear independence and dependence among vectors, providing examples and calculations throughout.
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6 and prove Gershdprin’s civete ~theorum
hes
Se ph be an xn matin wth entria wn © - Jor
wn mele OF be te circle a Ve Ore | S faesl sland
q z 7 s WY
Megas GO le-An (SF, bag! ts a
agen tae yen votes % A Ue WH “Me unte
yn dircku woth centor are de tacttus
Hh s
Div 2 ULV Do
Te
Proof‘: deb FS Vo be an ekgen vector A’ Correrpording
er Ao ip ero d.
A Vai
“Re AX —@
Bees OW ns NN wm n
Qo --- OK --- Gan > x w
In Oka —- —— te -- -, Aen vhs ae
See. Ging --- nn JENA an
Suppose: te SRC Aho \aargeat eQernent 0, Xy “Then a
foo met tpn
(onda tR -ow oh ca)
Oia,
TORI olny, + ---- ket -~ Aknm Ne
Oivrde by Me
Bae ok
Hey MM faKor 4 -- kee 4 cwnan - A
: E Av 7 mA A
Ake = er BV Aer 4 \ ain 40
" av yy A
ro kth Acqmn
acl & notte thal
Ayply modus ov oth
Vaabl 2 lala Vel ia \s!
OU
\n
avy | } os as ayy Ces Ma 4 4 On Fo
We Ww
2 ve Ry :\4 Jaks | \ >. \s 4 \ara\| an
Vee law
,
st
ae Zw | tan fet ;
eS y
~Aatov Dale a
Bb. yd te ft ee
Gard Are Arwerse Oy matirta > eel -0
; : 3 2 04
i . a a 3 4 me ther!
——> fe (pu
med ir\fAt Aa
Hert aera dl
2 113 3 <\ba Ma
a= (aac!
eh
Yas UM baits)"
Wa ol 42] IB tee |
Partitty eee ee
ly «
: ¢ the system Op equation: VO AV) '
ifn Methof whi A [3 ‘| el
4
ge 1
“a1
Ree] el
Skee 1 -
t: Comert A ay upper AY ratty
Az faves
B a3.\ Ya => hare SE
= es Rs —> R- OR,
Aute ao 3
ed +| Ry— ket, Raby,
ae
Au i aes
| a » | Ry — Rat 3h
ors
alo
BN
AL: 38]
Step Te weil,
d7-8 er
“ES IE)
ee at = HY
3A + #1 = 4 —™A-4-19
BR -@ fa. Sowe “the
wethod. Aartng,
goury-aa> 45 Ba taoy z= “8 5
4
tom equattore using
(0,0,.0) as Tntltad opprorimatfon
Gaus
gi-3y 1202 as aes
=> yet) es A (r- ys ar J
oo ow
ytd = cis- 2a 2 J
26 i)
20) = 4 cap-att489
ao
Sterattone | y é
° o ° 8 ;
a 0.88 ~ 4.0915] 1.0108
2 1.0004 | —o.99a8] 0 1947
3 0.4444] -1-0001 | t+ 008 -
4 t-voo | -4 J
3 4 J if
Gb. Find the vatus Aw sy Such thal the
au tay + 5% =45 ta t8Y -dR= 8; ddy2y,
equat' ory
wt hove % no sotutfom unique solution my
On 5
Oo As ~3A
oOo O MMe
to goturt fon
y he 2)
yA t°
aed
unique
rs yeeto =
Egy Sots no 9 sotstion
[eerornta GANA ZOE, A
my solution % Posstble. vf
eee tec nt fea) bevomer JCA Bras
ol oe method find” au Ww eigen talec
, oD
yo Poet ', a,
- 24
a
At
4.
sotution
A¥ST , 4 can take up “ wolun
Zia 10
Ox)..0 ayn (ae) = 22 =
Oo cme -stB or-ag 210 *
Sine (058 an (2° -l
30 - tan*es) By + )t oO 0
0 0. 0.3898
0 a5 0.0234 f
12d
Di By NB eles aA : 4
3) 07D ee
S
0.3 00" ee
lavgat non cttagonal imneece ot >
3 ome -gnd 0 un (36) 2 a(3.1S4)
Gets ee
© ° ' 6 = 0-925
B> = [o.avrs 70-6365 0
0-616> Osayrk o
0 0 !
DR 8 DB. = fo.494> 0.038 0-25 86
Sv Oaeee Ces.) 0-9 341
~ 0-98 -02284 0.4234
largut non Alagonal abment = Oar 23° 0-
Bs- [ese 8 899 yantas) = laaorste.
° 1 0 0.413 - 0-434
[". Oo °,| > 96st
‘0.050H
= 009368
Bs - [ver05 0-0-6419
06H = 0 0+ 106 0.1633 02968) 0.2362
= Jones -0.22 0.2344
0-934 win -X
’
ta. Define a vector spare
te a non mph Be kc
«the fexid 4
Pre
KN veutor spare
Un,
+o ok a wer spate WE
“Art opevarfone + (vector addition) © * Cecatar
muttiplicattone) Hf a calfepe “tho followtns
Condition Huy, Ua Us UNE Me 42 Oh
Y elemenk oy V ave knoor weetore 8 clare
Yo ave known a scalars]
B tw, +) % an abelian qn (5 eoncti Hor)
Tie Closure law nt scalar
Fe Acsoctattre ta wrto scatay
Q.b)uy = a. Cb
We ae (ur) 2 OU, tO 1 Oxtrtbukve
(oben = ath +4 lowe
vp Scalar Fdontity
at UeN, thee extel 1éF such ‘thot
(u- w= Uel
enc Lefpltcattfont O-UWe
multip cation
4b. Chak weotha te ¢
oe Cy a,
‘ate ge FCI Cosf ts a
Conctton 3 Jo cheek: [c3) =
SAM ovbs FO), Cory
Considm 0 verbor UW: Carb) & PR Nek Obs cuht aw
G1c¢
»| Teo
Tar ale r
Aa geb =I[G= b-a] eR
S spans “Vit Neetor spaw Vo
ay & % Bear Trclopenctin
for a DOO What coletion
Ax=o, \Alto
gfe
INFO. TTS Unearty independ.
f. Gen set te a base oy RP {
pane 4405] 03) 2.121
% a bats gq er Ma, g sett atl
2x2 matrices.
london I> Set Shout be (5): 1
| eels
onitdn uefa eT v
E a .
Us Cry + GVa + Cvs + Oa\y
Dien G\\- oO} PV 21740 pio pep! >
Pelee 86} 0 0 60 R30 a4
At (stty =a Bey tBcy = C
2. 423 49¢R>b Aci = ol
! EE
\en a)) es
( = BW Bear
Beye ¢
4
ty AC Me eR
la
> Dy t 2H 4 ICH b
b- 23 - 2%
b= Cerda = a(4.)
\
= Gb- acta 2d = sbae
6
Gr &b-atlag
teal
D> CrAgtar ty 4
C+ Bb + ACA +A =9
G oe
faci tob-at teal vba = a
(Pe
ag &
Cy : 4-6b = 2a-b
2 2
(meer
7S sans ‘the weelorspate MV
Condttion o- Sp Th matic, are (i Aeperclent
poeetble 4 lal +o : 1, i. 2
oo
ex 8)
aA
tA Te Uneaty dependent
p12 monies ook a baste A Th: =Wwaanefpr maton,
my) Terattrear .
4c. Prove “that “the
ay 4
a oe a the eloment :
Ake -twaans formation
—> Gens
TROP
eng) Omg Oy xy)
ys © R
Ww toe
hen
Tea) = Camryn sy ary)
Iw) (da ayes YP yp)
YT laut bv)
1% a rear “Trenefematton .
= atta) t DLW) whe OR b ore scatars
ans = T (auth)
1 @Orygd 4 boo» y)
= Toa, ayd+ Cor» dy?)
> V[[aamaay |... [Bama oye
pay: | t | 2042 }
“oe a — AYs
ony “Oy ans = ay
Ris = atu 7+ btu)
F a Ae
Dy! a
mye wy
> [Banvays Bus
Dayr 4 Dey her
on baa bye
7" Ba park “he slortord «beats “That spans “lhe
Neetor space {e .
7a S401) (01,0), Cro, d)F ta bar
aby tenet Cosb,C) ER Con” be expr
04 Wfrear mb iration. aul
Tey (a,b,€)* a(1,0,0)4 b(0,, 0) *¢C0.0,'
iS spat Te eviiite weetoy ‘Space R?
obo, We su Uneurty Taclependlnt
S 4(0,03(0,1,0), (0.0.1) Wa standorel tus!
Auo , teranston q R?
dim () > Ano 4 comer, na sf. ,
4 Rind “Whe volute) pr whith “the set
fay. UGA) 5 Utowarty deen’
Contd ons 1G =O
ee Es'}
aat WAatéG =O
~4G AALG =O
Js te re syn a equaffon
vedat 0g, Beste form a
Ae 2A a
ey AE 2 PIR, * BAR
|: 2te | » |2 Bhs
0 Boe] PB ate
G t+ tee 0 ard 200 + G [atte =O
Ba wat =
aks “NG
} ee
dh set uk be Uncarly dependent for C7
Cross check
hu gtk dependent = y (Alo, Teo nar Wwintal
eolutton extde. Tut te -4
4-2
« Ia ger Set Te Bintan ly Aepenctont une, “ «
rs a vector ™ nyo
by Tay @ sre 4
about Ine origin M S00 |
edt hin i Wlat,.
“jhe \mage if, “he pore tt] vw late,
“mpgh on angle We
86. chow “that
—> Gen
iransipmatton “V4 RR ay hy
oe An
wher A he ‘al
stop (080
Woe [x ;
Ahan
1m) AE is elt]
na J [sing “cose ||
a ines Be
ay $n8 4X it}
4
Rotation matty
Nene thy opratr plate
‘Ahnowsh an anfa 6.
Alodteg sade
Efren Oe. 95) mY [A]
About “the
a
TW). ie +00 Y,
Hag — |
Tu) = te +o
At) — ye.) 1) > [24% » 2-% ]
Gis 16 a Whe Mh given optrcit
=
it
Vinear -AWanefprrafion = “Wcx) A® whee A
ed. Determine weetther a fs Tr the vange G
re
134
yO 8 -
ens
| 230 5,
