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​ Physics for Electronics- Stream - SIMP 2025 TIE

Module 1: Quantum Mechanics
1.​ State and explain Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle. Show that the electron emitted during β-decay
does not pre-exist inside the nucleus using the uncertainty principle. Show that the electron cannot
exist inside the nucleus of an atom.
2.​ Set up the 1-dimensional time-independent Schrodinger wave equation. Explain Born's
approximation.
3.​ Assuming the time-independent Schrodinger equation, discuss the solution for a particle in a
one-dimensional potential well of infinite height. Obtain the normalized wave function & Energy
Eigen value.
4.​ What are the properties of a wave function? Give the qualitative explanation of Max Born's
interpretation of the wave function.

Module 2: Electrical Properties of Solids, Dielectric Properties & Superconductivity

1.​ Give the basic assumptions of the quantum free electron theory. Explain the drawbacks of the
classical free electron theory. Obtain the expression for Fermi energy at 0K.
2.​ Explain the success of the quantum free electron theory. Define Fermi energy & Fermi factor.
Explain the variation of the Fermi factor with temperature and energy.
3.​ Define internal field in the case of solid dielectrics. Mention the expression for internal, for one
dimension, for three dimensions and Lorentz fields of dielectrics. Derive the Clausius-Mossotti
equation.
4.​ Explain polar and non-polar dielectrics with examples. What is polarization? Explain the types of
polarization. Discuss solid, liquid and gaseous dielectrics with one example each.
5.​ Explain the dependence of resistance on temperature of a superconductor. Describe Type I and type
II superconductors.
6.​ Explain the construction and working of MAGLEV vehicle.
7.​ What is superconductivity? Outline, qualitatively, the BCS theory of superconductivity.
8.​ What are SQUIDS? Explain briefly the working of SQUID.

Module 3: Lasers and Optical Fiber

1.​ Derive the expression for the energy density of radiation at thermal equilibrium in terms of Einstein's
coefficients.
2.​ Explain the terms: i) Stimulated emission ii) Spontaneous emission iii) Resonance cavity iv)
Population inversion.
3.​ Mention the three modes of vibration in CO2​molecule. Explain the construction and working of
CO2​laser with the help of an energy level diagram.
4.​ With a proper energy level diagram, explain the construction and working of a Semiconductor laser.
Explain the working of a laser range finder.
5.​ Define Fractional Index Change. Derive the expression for numerical aperture. Define Numerical
Aperture and with a neat diagram derive an expression for numerical aperture and arrive at the
condition for the propagation of a signal in an optical fiber.
6.​ Define V-number. With suitable diagrams, explain the different types of optical fibers. Mention any
two mechanisms involved in fiber loss.
7.​ What is attenuation in an optical fiber? Explain the attenuation mechanism. Discuss any three factors
contributing to fiber loss.
8.​ Obtain the expression for the attenuation coefficient. With the help of a block diagram, explain
point-to-point communication using optical fiber. Mention the advantages of optical fiber
communications.

Module 4: Maxwell's Equations and Optical Fibers

1.​ Explain the terms gradient of a scalar, divergence, and curl of a vector. Derive Gauss divergence
theorem.
2.​ Describe the vector operator and explain the concept and curl with physical significance.
3.​ What is displacement current? Obtain the expression for displacement current.
4.​ Give the four Maxwell's equations in differential form in vacuum and hence derive the EM wave
equation in terms of the electric field using Maxwell's equations.
5.​ Obtain the expression for displacement current. Mention four Maxwell's equations in differential
form for time-varying fields.
6.​ State and Obtain Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction in differential form.
7.​ State and Explain Maxwell's equation. Derive the wave equation in terms of the electric field using
Maxwell's equations for free space.
8.​ Mention the conditions for three types of polarization of the electric vector.

Module 5: Semiconductors and Devices

1.​ Derive an expression for electrical conductivity of an intrinsic semiconductor.
2.​ Describe the Fermi level in an intrinsic semiconductor and hence obtain the expression for Fermi
energy in terms of the energy gap of the intrinsic semiconductor.
3.​ Establish the relation between Fermi energy and energy gap for an intrinsic semiconductor. Discuss
the law of mass action.
4.​ What is the Hall Effect? Obtain the expression for Hall voltage in terms of Hall co-efficient. Derive
an expression for Hall voltage and Hall co-efficient.
5.​ Explain how the resistivity of a semiconductor is determined using the four probe method. Mention
any two applications of the four probe method.
6.​ Explain the construction and working of a photodiode. Discuss the power responsivity in a
photodiode.
7.​ Describe the construction and working of a semiconductor laser with an energy level diagram.
8.​ Explain the construction and working of a phototransistor and also mention any two applications.