15

STOICH IOMETRY
(Chemical Formulae and Equations)

In the discovery of a new chemical compound, the first question (i) Calculations based on mole-mole relationship
to answer is, what is the formula of the compound? The answer In such calculations, number of moles of reactants are given
begins with stoichiometric calculation and analysis of the and those of products required. Conversely, if number of moles
compound. of products are given, then number of moles of reactants--ar.e----
The percentage composition of a compound leads directly to required.
its empirical formula. An empiricaiformula or simplest formula
for a compound is the formula of a substance written with the ::: :::I_SOME SOLVED EXAMPLES\ I::::: : .
smallest integer (whole number) subscripts. Example 1. Oxygen is prepared by catalytic
The molecular formula of a compound is a multiple of its decomposition of potassium chlorate (KCI0 3 ). Decomposition
empirical formula. ofpotassium chlorate gives potassium .chloride (KCI) and oxygen·
Molecular mass = n x empirical formula mass. (0 2 ), How many moles and how many grams of KClO 3 are
required to produce 2.4 mole 0 2? .
The calculations of empirical and molecular formulae are Solution: Decomposition of KCI0 3 takes place as,
dealt in the very first chapter of this book.
2KCI0 3(s) ------7 2KCl(s) + 302 (g)
Stoichiometry: Quantitative Relations in Chemical
2 mole of KCI0 3 == 3 mole of 02
Reactions
Stoichiometry is the calculation of the quantities of reactants . . 3 mole 02 formed by 2 mole KCI0 3

.. 2.4 mole 02 will be formed by (~ x 2.4) mole KCI0 3

and products involved zn a chemical reaction.
It is based on the chemical equation and on the relationship
between mass and moles.
A chemical equation can be interpreted as follows: = 1.6 mole of KCI0 3

N2 (g) + 3H 2(g) ------7 2NH3 (g) Mass of KCI0 3 = Number of moles x Molar mass
1 molecule N2 + 3 molecules H2 ------72 molecules NH3 =1.6x ~22.5=196g

(Molecular interpretation) .tll~STVrT'oRs· O~~8JtCTIVE QUlSTIONS

1 mol N2 + 3 mol H2 ------72 mol NH3 (Molar interpretation) 1. One mole of calcium phosphide on reaction with excess of·
28 g N 2 + 6. g H2 ------734 g NH3 (Mass interpretation) . water gives:
(a) three moles of phosphine
1 vol. N2 + 3 vol. H2 ------72 vol. NH3 (Volume interpretation)
- . (b) one mole of phosphoric acid
Thus; calculations based on chemical equations are' divided (c) two moles of phosphine
. c I
mto lOur types:. . (d) one mole ofP20 s
(i) Calculations based on mole-6tokrelationship. ~ns. (c)]
(ii) Calculations based on mass-mass relati0r.ship. [Hint: Ca3P2 + 6H 20 ~ 3Ca(OHh + 2PH3
(iii) Calculations based on mass-volume relationship. I mole of Ca3P2 '= 2 mole of PH 3]
(iv) Calculations based on volume-volume relationship.
 STOICHIOMETRY 947
2. Mg(OHh in the form of milk ofmagnesia is used to neutralize
excess stomach acid. How many moles of stomach acid can be
:: :::::_SOME SOLVED EXAMPLES\:::::::
neutralized by 1 g of Mg(OHh? (Molar mass of Mg(OHh Example 2. Calculate the mass of (CaO) that can be
= 58.33) prepared by heating 200 kg of limestone CaC0 3 which is 95%
(a) 0.0 171 (b) 0.0343 (c) 0.686 (d) 1.25 pure.
fAns. (b)] 95
[HInt: Mg(OHh + 2HCl ---7 MgCl z + 2H 2 0 Solution: Amount of pure CaC03 - x 200= 190kg
100
Number of moles of stomach acid neutralized
= 190000 g
2 x number of moles of Mg(OH) 2
CaC0 3 (s) CaO(s) + CO 2(g)
1
2x == 0.0343] 1 mole CaC0 3 1 mole CaO
58.33
100 g CaC0 3 56 g CaO
3. When a mixture of 10 moles of S02 and 16 moles of 02 were
100 g CaC0 3 give 56 g CaO
passed over a catalyst, 8 moles of S03 were formed at
equilibrium. The number of inoles of S02 and O2 remaining 56
. . 190000 g CaC0 3 will x 190000 g CaO
unreacted were: 100
(a) 2,12 (b) 12,.2 (c)J,lO (d) 10,3
== 106400 g = 106.4kg ---
fAns. (a)] - - - - -- - -- --

[Hint: 2S0 2 (g) + 02(g) ~ 2S0 3 (g) Example 3. Chlorine is prepared in the laborat01Y by ..
t=0 10 16 0 treating manganese dioxide (Mn02) with aqueous hydrochlnr'c
t eq . (10 2x) (16 x) 2x acid according to the reaction,
2x 8, i.e., x 4 Mn02 + 4HCl MnCl z + Cl2 + 2H20
Remaining S02 == 10 8 =2 mol How many grams ofHCl will react with 5 g Mn02?
Remaining 02 16 - 4 12 mol] Solutiou: 1 mole of Mn02 reacts with 4 mole of HCI
4. Calcium carbonate decomposes on heating according to the or 87 g Mn02 reacts with 146 g HCI
following equation:
.. 5 g Mn02 will react with 146 x 5 g HCI = 8.39 g HCl
CaO(s) + CO 2 (g) 87
How many moles of CO 2 will be obtained by decomposition Example 4. How many grams of oxygen are required to
of 50 gCaC0 3 ? burn completely 570 g of octane?
5 I Solution: Balanced equation,
Ca)3 (b) (c) - (d) I
2 2 2
2C sH l8 + 2502 16C0 2 + 18H 20
fAns. (c)] 2 mol 25 mol
mint: 2x114 25x32
Number of moles of CO 2 Number of moles of CaC0 3
First method: For burning 2 x 114 g of octane, oxygen
Mass =~=~] required
Molar mass 100 2
25 x 32g
5. Sulphur trioxide is prepared by the following two reactions: . 1 f . 25 x 32
S8{S)+ 80 2 (g) ---78S0 2 (g) F or burnmg g 0 octane, oxygen reqUIred = - - - g
2x 114 ~
2S0 2(g) + 02(g) ---72S03 (g)
How many grams of S03 are produced from I mole of S8 ? Thus, for burning 570 g of octane, oxygen required
(a) 1280 (b) 640 (c) 960 (d) 320 25 x 32 x 570 = 2000
fAns. (b)] 2xll4 g g
mint: From the given reaction, it is clear that I mole of S8 will Mole method: Number of moles of octane in 570 grams
give 8 moles of S03~ 570
Mass of S03 formed Numblif of moles x Molar mass 5.0
114
8 x 80 = 640 g]
For burning 2.0 moles of octane, oxygen required
(ii) Calculations based on mass-mass relationship 25 mol 25x 32g
In making necessary calculations, following steps are
For burning 5 moles of octane, oxygen required
followed:
(a) Write down the balanced chemical equation. 25 x 32 x 5.0 g == 2000 g
(b) Write down the theoretical amount of reactants and 2.0
products involved in the reaction. Proportion method: Let x g of oxygen be required for
(c) Calculate the unknown amount of substance using unitary burning 570.0 g of octane. It is known that 2.x 114 g of the octane
method. require 25 x 32 g of oxygen; then, the proportion,
948 G.R. B. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS

25 x 32 g oxygen x 100 g CaC0 3 give 44 g COz

2 x 114 g octane 570.0 g octane
.. 20 g CaC0 3 will give 44 x 20 g CO 2 : 8.8 g COz
25 x 32 x 570 = 2000 100
x
2x 114 g Let He1 be completely consumed.
. . 73 g HCl give 44 g CO 2
Example 5. Calculate the number of grams of magnesium
chloride that could be obtained from 17.0 g of HCI when HCI is " 20 g HCl wfll give 44 x 20 g CO 2 12;054 g CO 2
reacted with an excess of magnesium oxide. 73 .
Solution: Balanced equation, Since, CaC0 3 gives least amount of product CO 2 , hence,
MgO+ 2HCl ---? MgC1 2 + H 2 0 CaC0 3 is limiting reactant. Amount of CO 2 fonned will be 8.8 g.
I mol 2 mol I mol I mol Example 8. 100 g sample of calcium carbonate is reacted
(2x36.5)g (24+7l)g
= 73g = 95g
with 70 g of orthophoGphoric acid. Calculate:
(a) the number of grams of calcium phosphate that could be
73 g ofHCl produce MgCl 2 95 g produced.
95 (b) the number of grams of excess reagent that will remain
1 g of HCI produce MgCl 2
73 g unreacted.
95 Sorutioii:-~ ~ii) TlieoiilancedeqWifionTs:
17 g of HC1 will produce MgCl 2 x 17 g = 22.12g
73 3CaC0 3 + 2H3 P0 4 Ca 3 (P0 4 )z + 3CO:r +3H 2 0
3 mol 2 mol I mol
Example 6. How many kilograms ofpure H 2 SO4 could be
obtained from 1kg of iron pyrites (FeS 2) according to the 3(40+12+48) 2(3+31+64) .(3x40+2x95)
following reactions? = 300g = 1969 310g

4FeS 2 + 1102 ---? 2Fe 20 3 + 8S0~ 300 g ofCaC0 3 produce Ca 3 (P0 4 h =310 g or 1 mol
2S02 + 02 ---? 2S03 100 g ofCaC0 3 would produce
S03 + H 20 ---?H 2 S0 4
Solution: Final balanced equation, Ca 3(P0 4 )2 310 x 100
300
4FeS 2 + 1502 + 8H z 0---? 2Fe203 + 8H 2S0 4
4 mol 8 mol = 103 g
4x120g 8x98g
0.33 mol
4 x 120gofFeS 2 yield H 2 S04 = 8 x 98 g
196 g ofH 3 P0 4 produce Ca3(P04)z =310 gor 1 mol
1000 g ofFeS.) will yield H 2 S04 = 8 x 98 x 1000
- 4 x 120 70 g ofH 3 P0 4 would produce Ca3{P04)2 =-310 x 70
196
1.63 kg
Limiting reagent: Limiting reactant or reagent is the .= 110.7 g or 0.356 mol
reactant that is entirely consumed when a reaction goes to 'The above. values suggest that CaC0 3 is the limiting reagent.
completion. Other reactants which are not completely consumed Hence, calcium phosphate fonned is 103 g.or 0.33 mole.
in the reaction are called excess reactants. (b) For producing 103 g of Ca3 (PO 4) 2' H 3 PO 4 required will
OR be
The reactant which gives least amount of product on beints
completely consumed is called limiting reactant. 196 x 103 65.12
310 g
Example 7. /f20g ofCaC03 is treated with 20gof HC/,
how mUIlY grams 'of CO 2 can be generated according to the Mass ofreinaining H 3 P0 4 =(70 -65.12) 4.88 g
followil;!~ equation?
, .. Example 9. 1g of Mg is' burnt ill a closed vessel which
CaCO (s) + 2HCI(aq. )---?CaCI2 (aq.)+ H 2 °(l) + CO 2 (g) contains 0.5g of02:
Solution: " (i) Which reactant is left in excess?
(if) Find the mass of the excess reactant.
Ca0 3 (s) + 2HCI(aq.) ~ CaC1 2 (aq.) + Hz0(l)+ CO 2 (g) Solution: (i) The balanced equation is:
1 ' )1 2 mol 1 mol
I' g 73g 44g
2Mg + O 2 ---? 2MgO
2 x 24 2 x'l6 2(24 + 16)
L •. CaC0 3(s) be completely consumed in the reaction. =48g ~32g =80g

(
48 g ofMg require oxygen = 32 g
 STOICHIOMETRY 949

I g of Mg requires oxygen
32
48
0.66g

But only 0.5 g oxygen is available. Hence, O 2 is a limiting

Thus, Na3P04 will be limiting and actual amount of product will
be 0.1 mole.]
7. In the following reaction:
-.
agent and a part of magnesium will not burn. 4NH 3 (g) + 502 (g) ---7 4NO(g) + 6H 2 0(l)
.. Magnesium will be left in excess. when I mole ammonia and I mole of 0 0 are mixed then the
(ii) 32 g of 02 react with magnesium = 48 g number of moles of NO formed will be:" '
(a) 0:8 (b) 0.7 (c) 0.6 (d) 0.5
0.5 g of0 2 will react with magnesium = 48 x 0.5 = 0.75 g [Ans. (a)]
32
Hence, the mass of excess magnesium [Hint: 1 mole ofNH3 (on complete reaction) I mole NO.

= (1.0 0.75) 0.25 g Similarly, 1 mole of O 2 (on complete reaction)

~);alPple
10. The reaction, mole NO. Thus, O 2 will be limiting reactant and actual amount of
2 C(s) + O2 (g) ~ 2 CO(g) NO formed in the reaction will be 0.8 mole.]
is carried out by taking 24 g of carbon and 96 g O 2 , Find out: 8, 30 g Mg and 30 g O 2 are reacted and the residual mixture
(a) Which-reactantis left in excess? contains:
----flr)HowmuckvfiHneft?--:------ ---- -- ---:-~~--- (a) 60g ofMgOonly- -
(c) How many moles of co an for/ned? (b) 40 g ofMgO and 20 g of O 2
(d) How many grams of other reactant should be taken so (c) 45 g ofMgO and 15 g of O 2
that nothing is left at the end of the reaction? (d) 50 g ofMgO and 10 g of O 2
[Ans. (d)J
Solution: 2C(s) + °2 (g) ~ 2CO(g)
2 mol I mol [Hint: 2Mg(s) + 02(g)~ 2MgO(g)
24g 32g 2 mol I mol 2 mol
2 x 24 g 1 X 32 g 2 x 40 g
Let carbon be completely consumed.
24 g carbon give 56 g CO 30 g Mg gives !~ x 30Jg MgO on complete reaction, _
Let 02 .is completely consumed.
32 g 02 give 56 g CO i.e. , 30 g Mg == 50 g MgO

., 96 g 02 will give 56 x 96 g CO 168 g CO

1
80 x 30 g MgO on complete reaction,
32 ) -
32
Since, carbon gives least amount of product, i. e. ,56 g CO or 2 i.e. , 30 g O2 == 75 g MgO
mole CO, hence carbon will be the limiting reactant. :. Mg is limiting reactant and MgO formed in the reaction will be
,. Excess reactant is ° 50 g.
2,
Amount of O 2 used 56 24 = 32 g Unreacted amount of O 2 = 30 - 10 = 109
Amount of 02 left 96 32 64 g .', Mixture contains 50 g MgO and 10 g 02-J
32 g 02 react with 24 g carbon 9. 254 g of iodine and 142 g of chlorine are made to react
completely to give a mixture of ICI and ICI 3 • :c~ow many
" 96 g 02 will react with 72 g carbon.
moles of each are formed?
Thus, carbon should be taken 72 g so that nothing is left at the
(a) O. I mole ofICl and 0.1 mole ofICI 3
end of the reaction.
(b) I mole ofICI and I mole ofICI 3
(c) 0.5 mole ofICI and 0.1 mole ofICl 3
(d) 0.5 mole of lCI and I mole of ICI 3
6. 0.5 mole BaCl z is mixed with 0.2 mole Na 3P04 ; the
[Ans. (b)]
maximum number of moles of Ba3(P04h that can be formed
[Hint: Both reactants are completely consumed, hence, both
is:
are limiting.
(a) 0.7 (b) 0.5 (c) 0.2 (d) 0.1
12 + 2Clz ~ ICI + ICI 3
[Ans. (d)]
[Hint: 3BaCI 2 + 2Na3P04 254 g or I mole 12 and 142 g or 2 mole CI, will react to give 1
mole ICI and 1 mole ICI 3 .J - r'
Number of moles ofBa3(P04h formed by BaCl 2 10. Magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2 is the white milky ><ubstance
1
x 0.5 = 0.l66 in milk of magnesia. What mass of Mg(OH)0 is formed when
3 15 mL of 0.18 M NaOH are combined with mL of 6.14 M12
Number of moles ofBa3(P04h formed by 0.2 mole Na 3P0 4 MgCl z? The molar mass of Mg(OHh is 58.3 g mol-I.
1 (a) 0.079 g (b) 0.097 g (c) 0.16 g·(d) 0.31 g
x 0.2 0.1
2 [Ans. (a)J
950 G. R.s. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS

[Hint: MV == 12 x 0.14 == l.68 x lO-3 Thus, when 109 of Mg are used,

lOOO lOOO 87
the mass of the pure Mn02 required is - x 10= 36.25 g
15 x 0.18 == 2.7 x lO-3 24
1000
So, 45.31 g of pyrolusite contain Mn02 (pure) 36.25 g
NaOH will be limiting reagent because on c'omplete consumption,
NaOH gives least amount of Mg(OHh .. 100 g of pyrolusite contain Mn02 (pure)

Mass of Mg(OHh == 1 x 2.7 x 10-3 x 58.3 == V.V /9 g] = 36.25 x 100 80.00 g

2 45.31
Calculations involving per cent yield .. Percentage of purity 80.00
In general, when a reaction is carried out in the laboratory we
do not obtain actually the theoretical amount of the product. The .QUESllONS
amount of the product that is actually obtained is called the actual
yield. Knowing the actual yield and theoretical yield the per cent n. C7 H6 0 3 + C 4 H6 0 3 ----7 C9H804 + C 2 H40 2
Salicylic acid Acetic anhydride Aspirin Acetic acid
yield can be calculated by the given formula: (138,12gmol- 1 ) (102,09gm~I-1 ) (180,15gmol- i ) (60,05gmol- i )
. Actual yield
Per ctmtYleld =: - - - - - - What is the percentageyieldifO.,85 g of aspirin.fol111edinthe---
Theoretical rea~tion _Qf~_g--'Ji_salicylic_acid_withexcessJ)f acetic

Example 11. For the reaction, anhydride?

(a) 65% (b) 77% (c) 85% (d) 91%
CaO + 2HCI----,>CaC/2 + H 2 0
[Ans. (a)]
1.23 g ofCaO is reacted with excess ofhydrochloric acid and 1.85 [Hint: Mass of aspirin (theoretical) formed from 1 g salicylic
g ofCaCl 2 isformed. What is the per cent yield? ·d_180.15 1304
Solution: The balanced equation is; aCI - 138.12 . g
CaO + 2HCl----'> CaCl 2 + H 20 'Id = Actual amount of
I mol I mol
01
/oyle x 100
56 g III g
Theoretical amount of product

56 g of CaO produce CaCI 2 == III. g 0.85 x 100", 65%]

1.304
III
1.23 g ofCaO produce CaC1 2 == 56 x 1.23 = 2.43 g 12. A sample of impure silver (1.5 g) is heated with sulphur to
fOl111 Ag 2 S. The mass of Ag 2 S fOl111ed was 0.124 g. What was
Thus, Theoretical yield 2.43 g the percentage yield of silver sulphide?
Actual yield = 1.85 g (a) 6.41% (b) 7.20% (c) 8.27% (d) 10.8%
[Ans. (b)]
Per cent yield = 1.85 x 100 = 76.1
2.43 [Hint: 2 Ag +S
2 mol
Calculations involving per cent purity 2x 108= 216g 248g

Depending upon the mass of the product, the equivalent

Amount of Ag 2S that can be formed from 1.5 g silver
amount of the reactant present can be determined with the help of
a chemical equation. Knowing the actual amount of the reactant 248
x 1.5 1.722 g
taken aM the amount calculated with the help of a chemical 216
, .
equation the percentage purity can be determined.
Example 12. Chlorine evolved by the reaction of 45.31g
01
(0
' d f
Ylel 0.124
0 Ag 2 S = - , - x 100 =7.2
1.722
]

of pyrolusite (impure) and excess of HCI is found to combine 13. Magnetite, Fe 30 4, can be converted into metallic iron by
completely with the hydrogen produced by the reaction of 10 g of heating with carbon monoxide as re~resented by this equation:
magnesium and excess of dilute hydrochloric acid. Find the
percentage ofpurity ofMn02 in the given pyrolusite. Fe304 + 4CO 3Fe + 4CG 2
How many kilogram ofFe304 must be processed in thip way
Solution: Mg + 2HCI ----'> MgCl 2 + H2
24g (2x36.5)g 2g
to obtain 5 kg iron; if the process is 85% effieient?
(Molar mass ofFe304 is 232 g mol-I.)
Mn02 + 4HCl-----'> MnC1 2 + Cl 2 +'2H 20 (a) 6.92 kg (b) 8.12 kg (c) 20.8 kg (d) 24.4 kg
87g' 7lg ,
[Ans. (b)]
H2 + Cl 2 2HCI
2g 71 g [Hint: 1 mole Fe304 (232 g) = 3 mole Fe (168 g)
2 g of hydrogen obtained by using 24 g of Mg will combine Amount of Fep 4 required for 5 kg iron == 232 x 5 kg
completely with 71 g of chlorine produced from 87 g of pure 168
Mn02' 6.904 kg
 I
STOICHIOMETRY 951

Since, efficiency of the reaction is 85%, hence, the actual required the mixture is calculated. It is equated with the data given and the
amount of Fe 3° 4 will be unknown factors are, thus, worked out.
100 X 6.904 k '
85 g, I.e.,
8.12 kg] ::: :::I.SoME SOLVED EXAMPLES\ I::::: :
14. Iodobenzene is prepared from aniline (C6~NH2) in a two step .Example 13. A solid mixture (5.0 g) consisting of lead
process as shown here: nitrate and sodium nitrate was heated below 600 0 C until the
C6~NH2 + HN0 2 + HCI ~ C6~N~Cl- + 2HiO mass of the residue was constant. If the loss in mass is 28.0 per
cent, find the amount of lead nitrate and sodium nitrate in the
C6~~CI- + KI C6~I + N2 + KCI mixture. (lIT 1990)
In an actual preparation, 9.30 g of aniline was converted to Solution: Let the amount of NaN0 3 in the mixture be =X g
12.32 g of iodobenzene. The percentage yield of iodobenzene
is: .. The amount ofPb(N0 3 h in the mixture = (5.0':'~) g
(a) 8%· (b) 50% Heat
2NaN0 3 -----7 2NaN0 2 + O 2
(c) 75% (d) 80% (2 x 85) g 32 g
[Ans. (d))
Heat
[Hint: 1 mole Of~61-1sNH2 (123 g) 1mole ofC6HsI (204 g) 2Pb(N0 3 h -----7 2PbO + 4N0 2
(2 x 331) g
9 3 gam'1'mewr'11'·
..... 204J\
-gtve-=--123 t'
3) . d0 benzepe------
x 7~gtO 662g

= 15.424 giodobenzene 170 g ofNaN0 3 evolve oxygen = 32 g

32
Actual amount of product
- - - - - - - - - - - x 100
x g of NaN0 3 evolve oxygen = - x x g
% yield . 170
Calculated amount of product
662 g of Pb(N0 3 h evolve gases = 216 g
= 12.32 x~OO '" ~O~) . . ' 216
15.424 (50 x) g ofPb(N0 3 h evolve gases x (5.0 - x) g
662
15. Benzamide can be prepared by the action of concentrated
ammonia upon benzoyl chloride. _32 216
Total loss = xx+-x(5.0 x)
C6~COCI + 2NH3 ~ C6~CONH2 + NH4CI 170 662
Loss given in the ~roblem = 28 x 5
Benzoyl chloride Benzamide
In one. such experiment, 65 cc of concentrated ammonia (in 1.4 g
100
excess) was re!lcted with 15 g of benzoyl chloride to give
ll.l g of pure benzamide. Molar masses: benzoyl chloride .E.x+ 216 (5.0-x) 1.4.
(141); benzamide (121). The percentage yield of benzamide 170 662
is: On solving, x 1.676 g
11.
(a) Il.l x 100 (b ) -'------'- x 100 Thus, Mass of NaN0 3 = 1:676 g
15 IS
Mass of Pb(N0 3 ) 2 = (5.0 -1.676) g == 3.324 g
(c) 11.1 x 100 (d) @ ><.100
65 141 Example 14. 3.68 g ofa mixture ofcalcium carbonate and
magnesium carbonate when heated· strongly leaves ' .92 g of a
(e) 11.1 x 141 x 100
121 xiS white residue: Find the percentage composition ofthe mixture.
Solution: Let x g of CaC0 3 be present in the mixture.
[Ans. (e))
[Hint: Amount of benzamide froin 15 g benzoyl chloride The mass of MgC0 3 in the mixture = (3.68 x) g.
Heat .
. =!.3.!. x 15 CaC0 3 -----7 CaO + CO 2
141 g IOOg 56g·
Actual amount of benzamide fonned = 11.1 g Heat
MgC0 3 -----7 MgO + CO 2
Actual amount of product 84g 40g
% yield = x 100
Calculated amount of
56x x 40x
= 11.1 x 100 = ILl x 141 x 100]
+ ----'----'- == 1.92
100 84
12IXI5) 12lxl5
( 141 On solving, x= 2
. 2
Analysis of mixtures: In such problems, one of the Percentage of CaC0 3 == - - x 100 54.35% .
components is supposed to be x g and the other will be the 3.68
difference from the total. Balanced chemical equations for the Percentage of MgCO J 100 54.35 = 45.65%
reactions of both the components are now written and the total
amount of the common product produced by the components of
952 G R.B. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS

Example 15. 0.5 g of a mixture of K 2CD3 qnd Li 2 CD3 Solution: The balanced equation is:
required 30 mL of0.25 N HCI solution for neutralization. What is CuQ + H2 -7CU + H 2 O.
the percentage composition ofthe'mixture? I mol 1 mol
79.5 g 22.4 litre at NTP
Solution: Let the amount ofK2~Q3 be' x' g.
Amount of Li2CQ3 (0.5 - x) g 22.4 litre of hydrogen at NTP reduce CuQ == 79.5 g
2.80 litre of hydrogen at NTP will reduce CuQ
Numberofequivalents= x + (0.5 x) ... (i)
138/2 74/2 = 79.5 x 2.80 g = 9.95 g
22.4
Number of equivalents of HCI used Example 18. Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide at
NTP evolved by strong heating of20 g calcium carbonate.
NV = 0.25 x 30 7.5 X 10-3 ... (ii) Solution: The balanced equation is:
1000 1000
CaCQ 3 CaQ+ Co. 2
Comparingeqs. (i) and (ii), we get I mol I mol
IOOg = 22.4 litre at NTP .
x = 0.48 g
LOO g 0fCaCQ3 .evolve carbon dioxide == 22.4litre
" . ~Mass,ofK2C03=OA~Lg- 0'
20ogGaGQrwmoev01veearoon-di0'xide--~-··o.. ~

Mass of Li2CQ3 = 0.02 g = 22.4 x 20 4.481itre

100
% K 2C03 = 0.48 x 100 = 96 Example 19. Calculate the volume of hydrogen liberated
0.5 at 27° C and 760 mm pressure by treating 1.2 g of magnesium
with excess ofhydrochloric acid.
Solution: The balanced equation is:
Mg + 2HCl MgC1 2 + H2
(iii) Calculations based on mass-volume relationship 1 mol I mol
24g 22.4 litre at NTP
In such calculations, masses of reactants are given and volume
of the product is required and vice-versa. . 24 g of Mg liberate hydrogen 22.4 litre
1 mole of a gas occupies 22.4 litre volume at STP mass of a
gas can be related to volume according to the following gas 1.2 g Mg will liberate hydrogen 22.4 x 1.2 = 1.12 litre
equation: 24
PV nRT Volume of hydrogen under given condition can be calculated
by applying
PV= w RT
m P2V2
Example 16. What volume of NH 3 (g) at 27° C and 1 atm T2
pressure will be obtained by thermal decomposition of 26.25 g PI 760mm P2 == 760mm
NH 4 CI?
Tl ==273K T2 (27 + 273) = 300 K
Solution: . Ammqnium chloride undergoes decomposition
as; ¥j 1.121itre V2 == ?
NH 4 CI(s) - 7 NH 3 (g) + HCl(g) - 760 x 1.12 X
V2- 300 -123081'Itre
--.
1 mol I mol 273 760
53.5g 1 mol
Example 20. A solid mixture (5 g) consisting of lead
.. 53.5gNH4Clgive 1 molNH 3 nitrate and sodium nitrate was heated below 600° C until the
.. 26.25 g NH 4 Cl will give _1_ x 26.25 mole NH 3' weight ofthe residue is constant. If the loss in weight is 28%, find
53.5 . the amount of lead nitrate and sodium nitrate in the mixture.
= 0.5 mole .: (HT 199(J)
Solution: Loss in weight is due to formation ofNQ 2 and 0. 2
PV==nRT
1 x V = 0.5 x 0.0821 x 300 gases (weight loss = ~ x 28 == 1.4 g~
100
V == 12.315 litre Pb( NQ 3 h - 7 PbQ + NQ 2 + 0. 2
Example 17. What quantity of copper(JI) oxide will react xg (x y) g '----v----'
yg
with 2.80 litre of hydrogen at NTP?
NaNQ 3 - 7 NaNQ 2 + X Q2
(5-x) (3,6 x+ y) (1.4- y)

•
 STOICHIOMETRY I 953
Number of moles ofPb(N0 3 h Number of moles ofPbO Volume of0 2 at NTP = 83.33 x 22.4 litre = 1866.592 litre
x (x- y) .. 21 litre 02 is present in 100 litre air
k •• (i)
,.:",331 223 .. 1866.592 litre 02 will be present in 100 x 1866.592 litre 02
21
M.w. Pb(Ng~h.:::;::331, M.~. PbO:::: 223
- .... _.- '-- - :::: 8888.51itre 8.8885 x 10 3 litre
Number of moles of~aN03 ,'Number ofmoles.ofNaN0 2
Example 23. What volume of oxygen gas at NTP is
-5-\- 3.6-x+ y _ necessary for complete combustion of 20 litre of propane
- ... (ii)
85..; 69 measured at 27° C and 760mm pressure?
Solving eqs. (i) and (ii), we get· Solution: The balanced equation is:
Mass of Pb(NO}h = x:::: 3.3246 g . CjHs + 502 ~ 3C0 2 + 4H 2 0
1 vol. 5 vol.
Mass ofNaN0 3 5 3.3246= 1.6754 g 1 litre 5 litre

(iv) Calculations based on volume-volume relationship I litre of propane requires:::: 5 litre of oxygen
20 litre of propane will require = 5 x 20:::: 100 litre of oxygen
These calculations are based on two laws: at 760 mm pressure and 27° C. . ________ ,___
(i) Avogadro's law (ii) Gay-Lussac's law _ . This...Yolume_wilLbe_con.v.ertedtoNTPconditions.
---Por-example: - - - - - - - - - - --~------ --------------Giveu:-conditions NTP conditions

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) (Avogadro's law) Pj :::: 760mm P2 = 760mm

I mol 3 mol 2 mol VI 100 litre V2 = ?
Ix22.4L 3x22.4L 2x22.4L TI 27+273=300K T =273
2
(under similar conditions of temperature and pressure, equal :::: P2V2
Applying
moles of gases occupy equal volumes) Tl T2
2NH} (g) .V :::: PIVI X
2
I vel. 3 vol. 2 vol. TI
under similar conditions, ratio of coefficients by mole is equal to :::: 160 x 100 x 273 = 91.0 litre
ratio of coefficient by volume. 300 760
Example 21. 1 litre mixture of co and CO 2 . is taken. This Example 24. One litre of oxygen at NTP is allowed to
is passed through a tube containing red hot charcoal. The volume react with three times of carbon monoxide at NT? Calculate the
now becomes 1.6 litre. The volumes are measured under the same volume of each gas found after thereactiolJ.
conditions. Find the composition ofmixture by volume. Solution: The desired'equation is:
Solution: Let there be x mL CO in the mixture, hence, there 2CO + O 2 ~ 2C0 2
will be (1000 - x) mL CO 2, The reaction of CO 2 with red hot 2 vol. J voJ.· . 2 vol.
charcoal may be given as,
1 vol. of0 2 reacts with:2 voL of CO
CO 2 (g) + C(s) 2CO(g)
I vol. 2 vol. or I litre of 02 reacts with 2 litre of CO
(iOOO - x) 2(1000 - x) Thus, I litre of CO remains unreacted. .
Total volume of the gas becomes:::: x + 2(1000 x) I vol. of 02 produces CO 2 = 2 vol.
x+ 2000- 2x= 1600 or . . I litre of 02 will produce CO 2 2 litre
x=400mL Thus, gaseous mixture after the reaction consists
:. Volume of CO = 400 mL and volume of CO 2 600 mL Volume of CO 1 litre
Example 22. What volume of air containing 21 % oxygen Volume of CO 2 2 litre
by volume is reqUired to completely burn I kg of carbon AII11c:,..,r~ QU£mONS
containing 100% combustible substances?
Solution: Combustion of carbon may be given as, 16. 10 litre of 02 gas is reacted with 30 litre of CO gas at STP, The
C(s) +02(g) volumes of each gas present at the end of reaction are:
I mol I mol [CMC (Vcilore) 2008)
12g_ 1 mol
(a) CO (10 litre), CO2 (20 litre)
.. 12 g carbon requires I mole 02 for complete combustion (b) O2 (10 litre), CO (30 litre)
.. 1000 g carbon will require ~ x 1000 mole 02 for (c) CO (20 litre), CO2 (10 litre)
12 (d) 02 (10 litre), CO2 (20 litre)
combustion, i. e. , 83.33 mole 02 (e) O2,(10 litre), CO (10 litre)
954 I' G.R.S. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS

[Ans. (a)]
9 gm CaC0 3 will give 22.4 x 9) litre of CO 2, i. e., 2.016 litre
1 100
[Hint: CO(g) + 02(g)
·2 of CO 2 .]
t = 0 30 L 10 L 0 18. 100 mL ofPH 3 on heating forms P4 and H2 , volume changes in
After reaction (30 20)L 0 20L] the reaction is: (DPMT 2009)
17. When 10 g of 90% pure limestone is heated, the volume of . (a) an increase of 50 mL (b) an increase of 100 mL.
CO 2 (in litre) liberated at STP is: [JEE (WB) 20071
(c) an increase of 150 mL (d) a decrease of 50 mL
(a) 22.4 litre (b)2.24 litre
[Ans. (a)]
(c) 20.16 litre (d) 2.016 litre
[Ans. (d)] [Hint: 4PH3(g)~ P4 (s) + 6H 2 (g)
4 mol 6 mol
. 4mL 6mL
[Hint: Mass ofCaC0 3 in the sample J0 x .90 9 g
100 .
volume ofH2 produced by 100 mL PH 3 ='64 x 100 150 mL
CaC03(s) ----7 CaO(s) + CO 2 (g)
I mol 1 mol' Thus, there is increase of 50 mL.]
100g 22.4 L

Example 1. . Calculate the weight of CaO required to ,Example 3. An impure sample. of calcium carbonate
remove the hardness of1000000 litre of water containing 1.62g contains 80%pure calcium carbonate. 25 g of the impure sample
ofCaC0 3 per litre. -~" reac{edwlth'excess ofhydrocfilorzciicid: Cii[culatethevoluin-e::--:1~­
Solution: Mass ofCa(HC0 3 ) 2 in the water carbon dioxide at NTP obtained from this <sample.
Solution: 100 g of impure calcium carbonate contain
1.62 x 1000000
= 80 g pure calci'O.m carbonate
1620000 g 1620 kg
Reaction involved in the removal ofhardnes$ may be given as, 25 g of impure calcium carbonate sample contain
Ca(HC0 3 )2 + CaO 2CaC0 3 + H 2 0 =.!2.. x 25
162 kg 56 kg 100
.. 162 kg Ca(HC03hrequire 56 kg CaO. = 20 g pure calcium carbonate
.. 1620 kg Ca(HC03)2 will require 560 kg CaO.
The desired equation is:
Example 2. A mixture in which the mole ratio of H 2 and
02 is 2: 1 is used to prepare water by the reaction.
1 mol 22.4 litre
2H2 (g) + 02(g) 2H 20(g) , 100g at NTP <

The total pressure in the container is 0.8. atm at 20° C before

the reaction. Determine the final pressure at 120 0 C after reaction 100 gpure CaC03 liberate = 22.4 litre CO 2
assuming 80%yield of water. . (lIT 1999) 20g pure CaC0 3 liberate 22.4 x 20
100
Solution: p 2 x 0.8 0.533atm 4.48 litre CO 2
Hz 3
, Example 4. The weight of 1 litre sample of ozonised
Po . = 1 x 0.8 =0.266 atm oxygen at NTP was found to be 1.5 g. When 100 mLofthis mixture
.23
at NTP were treated with turpentine oil, the volume was reduced
fa 90 mL. Hence, calculate the molecular weight of ozone.
1=0 0.533 0.266 0 Solution: Volume of ozone
After the reaction
0.533 x 20 x
0.266 20 0.533 x 80
volume absorbed in turpentine oil
100 100 100 .
lOmL
0.1 066 0.0533 0.4264
Volume of oxygen = 90 mL
Total pressure 0.1066 + 0.0533 + 0.4264 = 0.5863 atm
Mass of 100 mL mixture = ~xM+ 90 x'32 0.15
Using Gay-Lussac's law, 22400
Tl On solving, we get M = 48
:. Molecular mass of ozone = 48
293 393
P2 0.7864 atm
 .:.\....
STOICHIOMETRY 955
, '....

Example 5. A mixture of NaHC0 3 and Na 2C0 3 weighed x=18.2·

1.0235 g. The dissolved mixture was reacted with excess of Hence, mole fraction of ethane = 18.2 x 100 = 66.66
Ba(OH)z toform 2.1028g BaC0 3 , by the following reactions: . 27.3
Na 2C0 3 + Ba(OH)z -----t BaC0 3 + 2NaOH Mole fraction of ethene = 33.34
NaHC0 3 + Ba(OH)z -----t BaC0 3 + NaOH + H 20 Example 7. Amixture of HCOOH and H 2C 2 0 4 is heated
What was the percentage ofNaHC0 3 in the original mixture? wi~h concentrated H 2 SO 4' The gas produced is collected and on
Solution: Let x g of NaHC0 3 be present in the mixture. treating with KOH solution, the volume of the gas decreases by
II 6th. Calculate the molar ratio of the two acids in the original
Mass ofNa 2C0 3 in the mixture = (1.0235 - x) g mixture. (lIT 1990)
x Cone. H 2 S0 4'
Number of moles of NaHC0 3 = - .Solution: HCOOH ) CO + H 20
84 1 mol· Heat I mol ,"
. (1.0235 - x) Cone. H 2 S0 4
Number of moles of Na2C03 = - - - - - H 2C 20 4 - - - - - - - 7 ) CO + CO 2 + H 20
106 1 mol Heat I mol 1 mol
Number of moles of BaC0 3 Let a moles ofHCOOH and b moles ofH 2C 20 4 be present in
= Number of moles ofNaHC0 3 the original mixture.
~---.------- . - - +Numoeiof-moTeso-fNii;-C0 Moles ofCGformed = u +b
3
2.1028 x (1.0235-x) Moles of CO 2 formed = b
- - - = - + -'------'- Total moles of gases =a + b + b = a + 2b
197 84 106
CO 2 is absorbed by KOH and the volume reduces by 1/6th.
x=0.4122 a+ 2b
Moles of CO 2 = - -
AmountofNaHC0 3 ==_OAlng . 6 .'
0.4122 b=a+2b
Percentage of NaHC0 3 = - - x 100 = 40.27 or
1.0235 6
Example 6. A mixture of ethane and ethene occupies 40 or a=4b.
litre at 1.00 atm and at 400 K. The mixture reacts completely with
130 g of O2 to produce CO 2 and H 2O.. Assuming ideal gas or'. ~=4
b
behaviour, calculate the mole fractions ofC 2H 6 'and C2H4 in the
mixture. (lIT 1995) or a:b=4:1
Solution: Volume of the mixture at NTP Example 8. 3.6 'g mixture of sodium chloride and
potassium chloride is dissolved in water. The solution is treated
= 40 x I x 273 = 27.3 litre
with excess of silver nitrate solution: 7.74 gof silver chloride is
400 I
obtained. Find the percentage of sodium chloride and potassium
chloride in the mixture.
Let the volume of ethane = x litre Solution: The balanced equation between NaCI and AgN0 3
IS:
Volume of ethene = (273 - x) litre
NaCI + AgN0 3 -----tAgCI + NaN0 3
Balanced equations: 1 mol . I mol
58.5g 143.5g
C 2H 6 +7/2° 2 -----t2C0 2 +3H 20
~ voL 712 voL
Let x g of N aCI be present in the mixture.
C 2H4 + 302 -----t 2C0 2 + 2H2
1 voL 3 voL
° 58.5 g NaCI produce = 143.5 g AgCl
x g NaCl will produce = 143.5 x x gAgCI
Total volume of oxygen required for complete combustion of 58.5
the mixture is: The balanced equation between KCI and AgN0 3 is:
[~x+ (27.3-x)x 3] litre KCI + AgN0 3 -----t AgCl + KN0 3
I mol 1 mol
74.5 g 143.5 g
or [7X +·(27.~ -'- x) x 6] litre
KCI present in the mixture = (3.60 - x) g
74.5 g of CI produce = 143.5 g of AgCl
7X+(27.3-X)X6] 32
M ass 0 f oxygen =
[
x -- (3.6 - x) g of KCI will produce = 143.5 x (3.6 - x) g of AgCl
2 22.4 . ~.5 .
16 Thus, 143.5 x + 143.5 (3.6 - x) = 7.74
130= (x + 163.8) x -
22.4 58.5 74.5
956 G. RB. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS

x = 1.54 0.1468 litre of oxygen will be evolved = 245 x 0.1468

154 67.2
% of NaCl = -'- x 100 = 42.7
3.60 = 0.5352 g of KCl0 3
% of KCl (3.60 -1.54) x 100 57.3 Hence, KCI0 3 left for eq. (ii) reaction,
3.60 .'
(1.00- 0.5352) = 0.4648 g
Example 9. 5 g of K 2S04 were dissolved in 250 mL of
245 g KCt0 3 will yield KCI = 149 g
solution. How many mL of this solution should be used so that
1.2 g ofBaSO4 may be preCipitated from BaCl2 solution? 0.5352 g KCI0 3 will yield KCl ~:~ x 0.5352 g 0.3254 g
Solution: The desired equation is:
BaCl 2 + K 2S04 ~ BaS04 +2KCl Considering eq. (ii),
2 x 39 + 32 + 64 137 -;: 32 + 64
= 174g =233g 4KCI0 3 ~ 3KCI0 4 + KCI
4(39 + 35.5 + 48) 3(39 + 35.5 + 64) (39 + 35.5)
233 g of BaS04 obtained from 174 gofK 2 S0 4 490g 415.5g 74.5g

1.2 g of BaS04 will be obtained from *:>< 1.2

490 g of KCl0 3 yi~ld 415.5 g of KCl0 4

-0~464Kgof-KClO.,-will-yield=-415 .5xOA648
~ 490'
= 0.8961 g of K 2 S0 4
5 g of K2 S04 are present in 250 mL of solution = 0.3941 g of KCI0 4
490 g KCl0 3 yield = 74.5 g of KCl
So, 0.8961 g ofK 2 S04 will be present in 250 x 0.8961
. 5
0.4648 g of KCI0 3 _will yield = 74.5 x 0.4648
= 44.8 mL of solution 490
Example 10. A 2.00 g of sample containing Na2C03 and =.0.0707 g of KCl
NaHC0 3 loses 0.248 g when heated to 300 0 C, the temperature at
Total mass of residue = 0.3254 + 0.3941 + 0.0707
which NaHC0 3 decomposes into Na zC0 3 , CO 2 and steam. What
is the percentage ofNa z C03 in the mixture? 0.7902 g
Solution: 2NaHC03 ~Na2C03 +CO z +HzO % KCI0 4 = 0,3941 x 100 = 49.8
168g 44 18 0.7902
g
. Example 12. A mixture of FeO and Fe304 when heated in
The loss comes due to evolution of CO 2 and steam. air to a constant weight gains 5% in its mass. Find the
62 g loss occurs when the quantity of NaHC0 3 is 168 g. composition of the initial mixture.
Soluth~n: Letthe % of FeO in the mixture be x
0.248 g loss will occur when the quantity of NaHC0 3 .
168 . So, % ofFe3 04 in the mixture = (100 x)
x 0.248 = 0.672 g FeO on hea~ing is converted into Fe203'
62
QuantityofNa2C03 in the sample (2.0-0.672) l.328g 4FeO+ 0z ~ 2Fe203
288g 320g
% of Na 2C0 3 = 1.328 x 100 = 66.4 288 g ofFeO yield = 320 g ofFe 20 3
2
,.Exampie 11. A 1.00g sample ofKCI03 was heated under x g of FeO will yield = 320 x g of Fe203
288
.such conditions that a part ofit was decomposed according to the
equation,
2KC10 3 ~ 2KCI + 302 ... (i)
and the remaining underwent change according to the equation, 464 g of Fe304 yield = 480 g of Fe2 0 3
4KClO3 ~ 3KClO4 + KCI ... (li) (100-x)g of Fe 2 0 3 will yield = 480 (100 x) of Fe203
464
If the amount of oxygen evolved was 146.8 mL at STp,
calculate the percentage by mass of KCIO 4 in the residue. Total Fe203 320 x + 480 (100 - x)
Solution: 2KCI0 3 ~ 2KCI + 302 288 464
2(39 + 35.5 + 48) 2(39 + 35.5) 3 x 22.4 litre According to the question,
245 g 149 g 67.2 litre
320 x + 480 (100 - x) 105
67.2 litre of oxygen evolved from 245 g of KCI0 3 288 464
 STOICHIOMETRY 957

x = 20.2 x == 0.8 n
So, percentage of FeO = 20.2 After thereaction,
and percentage of Fe304 79.8
Nurpber of moles of H2 =211 ..:.. 2 x 0.8n = OAn
Example 13. A mixture in which the mole ratio ofH 2 and
O2 is 2: I , is used to prepare water by the reaction: Number ofmole~ of O 2 . = 0.211

2H2(g)+ O 2 (g)~2H20(g) Number of moles of H2 0= 1.6n

The total pressure in the container is 0.8 atm 'at 20° C before Total moles = 0.4n+ 0.211 + 1.611 = 2.211
the reaction. Determine the final pressure at 120° C after the
Initial sta:te: PV nRT
reaction, assuming 80% yield of water. (UT 1999)
Solution: The given reaction is: . 0.8 x V 3n x R x 293 ... (i)
2H 2 (g) + 02(g) ~ 2H 20(g) After the reaction, P x V = 2.2n x R x 393 ... (ii) .
Initial moles 2n n o Solving eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
Final moles (2n 2x) (n - x) 2x
P= 0.787atm
% yield =80
2xx 100 80
2n

1. 500 mL of 0.25 M Na2S04 solution is added to an aqueous 12. What weight of zinc will react with diL. sulphuric acid to
solution of 15 g of BaCl 2 resulting in the formation of a white liberate 1000 mL o~hydrogen at 27°C and 750 mm pressure?
precipitate of insoluble BaS04' How many moles and how 13. 1.2 g sample of Na2C03 and K 2C03 was dissolved in water to
many grams ofBaS04 are formed? fOffillOO mL solution. 20 inL of this solution required 40 mL
2. Zinc and hydrochloric acid react according to the reaction: of 0.1 N HCI for complete neutralization. Calculate the weight
Zn(s) + 2HCI(aq.) ~ ZnCI 2 (aq.) + H2 (g) . ofNa2C03 in the mi~ture. If another 20 mL of this solution is
If 0.3 mole Zn are added to hydrochloric acid containing 0.52 treated with excess of BaCl z, what will be the weight of the
mole HCI, how many moles of H2 are produced? precipitate? (lIT 1997)
3. Calcium carbonate reacts with aqueous HCI to give CaCI 2 and 14. Calculate the volume of air containing 21 % by volume of
CO2 according to the reaction:. oxygen· at NTP required to convert 294 mL of S02 into S03
CaC03 (s) + 2HCI(aq.) ~ CaCl 2 (aq.) + H20 + CO 2 (g) under the same cor.ditions.
15. 4 g of an impure s..;mple of CaCO, on treatment with excess
What mass of CaC03 is required to react completely with 25
mL of 0.75 MHCI? HCI produce 0.88 g CO2 , What is the percent purity ofCaC~
4. Calculate the mass of iron which will. be converted into its sample?
oxide by the action of 18 g of steam. (MLNR 1996j 16. What weight of AgCl will be precipitated when a solution
5. How. much potassium chlorate is needed to obtain 204 litre j-" containing 4.77 g qf NaCI is add~d to a solution of 5.77 g 'of
oxygen at NTP? ,AgN03 ?
6. at
Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide obtained NTP by lHint: AgN0 3 is a lirclting rea·geht in this problem.]
heating 8.4 g of sodium bicarbonate. 17. LO g of an alloy of aluminium and magnesium is treated with
7. Calculate the volume of air needed for the combustion of I kg excess of dil. HCI. The evolved hydrogen :collected over
of carbon. mercury at O°C has a volum~ of 1.20 litre at 0.29 atm pressure.
CalCulate the percentage composition of the alloy.
pint: 100 parts of air contain 21 parts of oxygen by volume.]
18. How much iron can be theoretically obtained by the reduction
8. How many grams of oxygen will be formed by the action of 12
of 1.0 kg of Fe203 ? (At. wt. of Fe 56)
. g ofsodium peroxide on water? Calculate also the volume of
the gas at NTP. . 19.. 34 g of pure H2 0 2 is decomposed. Calculate the mass and
.9. A gaseous compound of carbon;md nitrogen containing volume at NiP of oxygen that will be evolved.
53.8% by weight of nitrogen was found to have a vapour . 20. Find the percentage composition of iron and magnesium, 5.0
density of 25.8. What is the molecular formula of. the g, which when dissolved in acid, gave 2.81 litre of H2 at NTP.
compound? 21. Equal weights of Hg and iodine are allowed to react
10. C<1i,;<'l~te the weight of lime (CaO) that can be obtained by . completely to form a mixture of mercurous iodide and
heating "'or, leg of limestone which is 93% pure. mercuric iodide. Calculate the ratio of the masses of
11. How many mole~ of impure potassium chlorate of 75% purity mercurous and mercuric iodides formed. (Hg = 201, I =: 117)
are required to proc!~lce 4~g of oxygen? pint: Hg + ----? HgI 2 ;
201 g . 455 g
958 G.R.B. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS

2Hg + 12 22. A mixture ofNaI and NaCl gave with sulphuric acid, Na ZS04
402 g 254 g
equal in mass to the original mixture taken. Find the
Let the wt. of Hg 2 12 formed be x and HgI2 formed be y. percentage composition of the mixture.
402 254 23 •.' Amixture of calcium and magnesium carbonates weighing 1.4
In the case ofHg 2 I2 ,Hg= x,I 2 x g was strongly heated until no further loss of weight was
656 656
perceived. The residue weighed 0.76 g. What percentage of
. 201 254
In the ease of Hgl2 , Hg == 455 y,12 455 Y MgC03 was present in the mixture?

402 201 254 254

So, 656 x + 455 Y == 656 x + 455 Y
From this equation, xl yean be calculated.]

1. o.on
mol, 16.8g 13. Na 2C03 = 0.5962 g, K 2C03 0.6038 g, BaC03 0.394 g
2. 0.26 14. 700mL
3. CaC03 = 0.94 g 15. 50%
4. 42 g 16. AgCI =4.87 g
5. 8.75 g 17. Al = 54.87%, Mg = 45.13%
6. 1.12 L 18. 700 g
7. 8890 L 19: 16 g; 11.2 litre
8. 2.462 g; 1.723 L 20. Fe= 69.60%, Mg = 30.40%
9. C 2N z 21. 0.513 : 1
10. 104.16 kg 22. NaI = 28.86%, NaCI 71.14%
11. 1.33 mol 23. 20.45%
12. 2.245 g of zinc
 STOICHIOMETRY 959

ESTIONS
Set-1 : Questions with single correct answer· 14. The mass of CO2 obtained when 60 g ()~ calcium carbonate is
treated with excess of hydrochloric acid is:
1. The fonnula which represents the simple ratio of atoms in a (a) 30.0 g (b) 15~0 g (c) 13.2 g (d) 26.4 g
compound is called: 15. The % loss in mass after heating a pure sample of potassium
(a) empirical fonnula (b) molecular fonnula chlorate (Mol. mass = 122.5) will be:
( c) structural fonnula (d) rational formula (a) 12.25 (b) 24.50 (c) 39.17 (d) 49.0
2. The empirical formula of a compound is CH. Its molecular 16. The volume of oxygen required for complete oxidation of 2.0
weight is 78. The molecular formula of the conipound will be: litre methane at NTP is:
(a) C 2Hz (b) C3H3 (c) C4H4 (d) C6H6 (a) 2 litre. (b) 4 litrc (c) 1 litre (d) 3 litre
3. An organic compound on analysis gave C 5.45%, H = 9.1% 17. 3 volumes of hydrogen are required to combine with one
by mass. Its empirical formula is: volume of nitrogen to form 2 volumes of ammonia. When 1
(a) CH02 (b) CH2 0 (c) C 2 H4 O (d) C 3H4 O mole of hydrogen is allowed to react with the mole of
nitrogen, the two gases: .
4. The chloride of a metal has the formula MCI 3 • The formula of
(a) do_not-combine
its phosphatewilI oe:
(b) combine and·both the gases are used up completely
(a) M 2P04 (b) MP04 (c) M 3 P04 (d)M(P04h
(c) 2/3 mole of nitrogen remains unreacted
5. The fonnula of chloric acid is HCI03. The fonnula for calcium
chlorate is: (d) some hydrogen remains uncombined
18. The percentage of nitrogen in urea is about:
(a) CaCl03 (b) Ca(C103h
(a) 38.4, (b) 46.6 (c) 59.1 (d) 61.3
(c) Ca 2CI0 3 (d) Ca(CI03h
19. If a .mixture containing 3 moles of hydrogen and I mole of
6. An element A is tetravalent and another element B is divalent. nitrogen is converted completely into anunonia, the ratio of
The fonnula of the compound formed from these elements initial and final volumes under the same temperature and
will be: pressure would be:
(a) AlB (b) AB (c) AB2 (d) A2B3 (a) 3 : I (b) I: 3 (c) 2: I (d) 1 : 2
7. A compound of aluminium and chlorine is composed of 9.0 g 20. The mass of residue left after strongly heating 1.38 g of silver
Al for every 35.5 g of chlorine. The empirical formula of the carbonate will be:
compound is:
(a) 1.16 g (b) 1.33 g (c) 2.66 g (d) 1.08 g
(a) AlCI (b) AICl z (c) AlCI 4 (d) AlCl 3
21. The mass of oxygen with which 13.5 g of aluminium will
8. Two elements A (At. mass 75) and B (At. mass 16) completely react is:
combine to yield a compound. The % by mass of A in the (a)4g (b)8g (c)12g (d)16g
compound was found to be 75.08. Th.e formula of the
22. 1.6 g of an organic compound on combustion gave 4.4 g
compound is: (MLNR 19(1)
carbon dioxide. The % of carbon in the organic compound is:
(a) A2B (b) AB (c) AB2 (d) A2B}
(a) 30 (b) 45 (c) 60 (d) 75
9. On analysis, a certain compound was found to contain iodine 23. At NTP, 10 litre of hydrogen sulphide gas reacted with 10 litre
and oxygen in the ratio of 254 : 80. The formula of the
compound is: (At. mass I =' 127,° 16)
of sulphur dioxide gas. The volume of gas, after the reaction is
.complete, would be:
(a) 10 (b) 120 (c) I 50 2 (d) Iz05 (a) 5 litre (b) 10 litre (c) 15 litre (d) 20 litre
10. The haemoglobin from red corpuscles of most mammals 24. A substance contains 0.25% iron by weight. The molecular
contains approximately 0.33% of iron by weight. The mass of the substance is 89600. The number of iron atoms per
molecular weight of haemoglobin is 67,200. The number of molecule of the substance is:
iron atoms in each molccule of haemoglobin is: (a) 5 . (b) 4 (c) 3 . (d) 2 .
(a) I (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 25. The minimilm amount of hydrogen required to reduce 7.95 g
11. 24.9 gof sodium thiosulphate (Mol. mass = 249) is weighed of CuO (MoL mass 79.5) will be:
by a chemist. The moles of sodium thiosulphate he has (a) 2 g (b) 4 g
weighed, ani: . (c) 2240 mL at NTP (d) 22400 mL at NTP
26. 2.0 g mixture of sodium earbonate and sodium bicarbonate on
(b) ~
I (c) I
(a) 10 (d) 1 heating to constant mass gave 224 mL of CO2 at NTP. The %
) 2
mass of sodium bicarbonate in the mixture is:
12. The mass of sulphuric acid needed for dissolving 3 g
(a) 50 (b) 54 (c) 80 (d) 84
magnesium carbonate is:
27. What volume of hydrogen at NTP will be liberated when
(a) 3.':: g (b) 7.0 g (c) 1.7 g (d) 17.0g
3.25 g of zinc completely dissolve in dilute HCI? (At mass of
13. 10 mL 01 _ s~'lution ofH 20 2 liberated 0.5 g of iodine from Kl Zn = 65)
solution. The percentage of HzOz in the solution is: . (a) 1.12 litre (b) IUO litre
(a) 0.27 g (b) 0.67 g (c) 0.47 g (d) 0.87 g (c) 2.24 litre (d) 22.40 litre
960 G.R. B. ' PHYSiCAL CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS

28. The volume of oxygen at NTP evolved when 1.70 g of sodium (a) 0.1 (b) 0.2 , (c) 0.05 Cd) 0.025
nitrate is heated to a constant maSS is: ' [Hint: The reaction i~volved is :
(a) 0.112 litre (b) 0.224 litre (c) 22.4 litre (d) l1.2litre
2NaHC0 3 (s)
29. 50g limestone is. heated. The quantity of quicklime produced
IS: 40. One mole of acidified KZCrZ07 on reaction with excess of Ki
(a)56g (b)28g (c)14g (d) 109 will liberate .... moles ofI 2. [PET (KeraJa) 20061
30. Assuming that petrol is octane (CSH I8 ) and has a density of 006 ~1 ~7 W3
[Hint: CrzO~- + 14H+ + 61 2Cr3+ + 312 + 7H zO]
0.8 g mL-I, 1.425 litre of petrol on combustion will consume:
(a) 100 mole of oxygen (b). 124 mole of oxygen 41. The decomposition of a certain mass of CaC0 3 gave 11.2 dm 3
of CO2 gas at STP. The mass of KOH required to completely
(c) 150 mole of oxygen (d) 175 mole of oxygen
neutralise the gas is:
31. 1 mole of calcium phosphide on reaction with excess of water [KCET 2006; Inrlraprastha (f~llgg.) 20071
gives: (liT 1999)
(a) 56 g (b)28 g (c) 42 g (d) 20 g
(a) 1 mole of phosphine
42. At T K, 100 litre of dry oxygen is present in a sealed container.
(b) 2 mole of phosphine
It is subjected to silent electric discharge, till the volumes of
(c) 2 mole of phosphoric acid oxygeuand ozone become, equaL What ~s the volume (in li!r~__
(d) I mole ot phosphorus pentoxide . of ozone formed at T K? [EAMCET (Engg.) 20fl6l
32. .Assumiugfully 'decomposed, the volume of CO 2'released at (a)SO L(c)30T-~-- (df40-L-' ----'---
STP on heating 9.85 g of BaC03 will be: (Atomic mass of
lHint: 30z ~203
Ba 137) ' I C B S E (PMT) 20041
(a) 0.84 L (b) 2.24 L (c) 4.06 L (d) 1.12 L t=O 100 0
After the reaction 100 3x 2x
33. MnO~- (1 mole) in neutral aqueous medium disproportionates
100 3x 2x or x=20
to: (AllMS 2003) .. Volume of ozone=2x
(a) 2/3 mole MnO:; and 1/3 mole Mn0z 43. In the reaction,
(b) 113 mole MnO:; and 2/3 mole Mn02 2AI(s) + 6HCI(aq.) 2AI 3+(aq.) + 6Cnaq.) + 3H2(g):
(AIEfE 2007)
(c) 1/3 mole Mnz07 and 1/3 mole Mn02 (a) 11.2 L H2(g) at STP is produced for every mole of
(d) 2/3 mole'MnzOjand 113 mole of MnOz HCI(aq.)consumed
34. 56 g of nitrogen and 8 g of hydrogen gas are heated in a closed (b) 6 L HCI(aq.) is consumed for every 3 L H 2 (g ) produced
vessel. At equilibrium 34 g of ammonia are present. The (c) 33.6 L H2 (g) is produced regardless of temperature and
equilibrium number of moles of nitrogen, hydrogen and pressure for every mole of Al that reacts
ammonia are respectively: (KeEl' 20(4) (d) 67.2 L H2 (g )at STP is produced for every mole of Al that
(a) 1,2;2 (b) 2,2,1 (c) 1,1,2 (d) 2,1,2 reacts
35. If 30 mL of Hz and 20 mL of 0z reacts to form H 20, what is 44. The weight of iron which will be converted into its oxide
left at the end of the reaction? (AFMC 101': (Fe~04) by the action of 18 g of steam on it will be:
(a) 10mLofH z (b}5mLofHz (Atomic mass of Fe 56) feMC (Veliore) 20071
(c) 10mLofO z (d)5mLof02 (a) 168g (b)84g (c)42g (d) 21 g
1 '
, [Hint: Hl(g) + 2 0l(g) ~ HzO(g) ] lHint: 3Fe(s) + 4H20(g)~FC:304(S)+ 4Hz (g)
Initially 30 20 ' 0 3 mol. 4mol
After the reaction 0 (ZO - 15) , 30
3 x 56 4 x 18
36. For the formation of 3.65 g of hydrogen chloride gas, what 168 g = 72 g
volumes of hydrogen gas anp chlorine gas are required at NTP
.,' 72 g steam reacts with 168 g of iron
conditions? (PMT (Kerala) 20051
(a) 1.12 1.12 L (b) 1.12 L, 2.24 L :. 18 g steam WIll react with 42 g of iron.]
(c) 3.65 L, 1.83 L (d) 1 L, 1 L 45. Match the following:
37. An alkaloid contains 17.28% of nitrogen and its molecul~r List-l . List-II (at STP)
mass is 162. The number of nitrogen atoms present in one
t:.
molecule of alkaloid is: [PMT (Kel'ala) 20051 (A) 10 g CaC0 3 --'---~ (i) 0.224 L COl
(a) five (b) four (c) three (d) two
38. x gm ofCaC0 3 was completely burnt in air. The weight of the ExcessHCI (ii) 4,48 L COz
(B) 1.06 g Na l C0 3 - - - - - ; )
solid residue formed is 28 g. What is the value of ,x' in grams? (iii) 0.448 L CO 2
(EAMCET 20(5)
(a) 44 (b) 200 (c) 150 (d) 50 , (C) 2.4 g C - - - ; . (iv) 2.24 L COl
39. Sodium bicarbonate on heating decomposes to form sodium
carbonate, CO 2 and water. If 0.2 mole of sodium bicarbonate (v) 22.4 L CO2
(D) 0.56 g CO --~
is completely decomposed, how many mole of sodium
carbonate is formed? [CET (J&K) 2006; SCRA 20091
 STOICHIOMETRY 961

~he correct match is: [EA:\1(,I-:1' (E~lgg.) 20081 . (a) 40 mL (b) 20 mL (c) 60 mL (d) 80 mL
A B C D [Hint: The complex will be [M(HP)4Cl2]Cl, the complex will
(a) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) have free chloride ion concentration of (0.0 I M).
1 Cl- + 1AgN03 ------7 AgCI + NO;
(It) (v) (i), (ii) (iii)
MIV M V 0.01 x 200 0.1 X V2
(c) (iv) (it (iii) (ii) - -I = -2-2 or - - - -
1
(d) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii)
t:,.
V2 = 20 mL]
[Hint: (A) CaC0 3 ------7 CaO + CO 2 52. 1.5 g CdCl 2 was found to contain 0.9 g Cd. Calculate the
100g 22.4L
109 2.24L atomic weight of Cd. [EAMCET (t~ngg.\ :!009;
(B) Na 2C0 3 + 2HCI ------7 2NaCI + Hp + CO 2 (a) 118 (b) 112 (c) 106.5 (d) 53.25
I mol (106 g) 22.4 L [Hint: .: 0.6 g chlorine combines with 0.9 g Cd
1.06 g 0.224 L
:. 71 g chlorine will combine with 0.9 x 71 g Cd, i.e, 106.5 g Cd
(C) C + 02 ------7 CO 2 0.6 .
12g 22.4L
2.4 g 4.48 L :. Atomic weight of Cd = 106.5 ]

I 53. 109 of hydrogen and 64 g of oxygen were filled in a s.te~L_

(D) CO + -02 ------7 CO 2 vessel and exploded. Amount of water produced in this
2~g 2 2~4L
0.56 g 0.448 L reaction will be : (\ I PMi' z""'orO'C,I}"")--
(a) 1 mol (b) 2 mol (c) 3 mol (d) 4 mol
46. Fe 2+ ------7 Fe 3+ + e-, MnO;; + 5e- ~ Mn2+, the ratio of
stoichiometric coefficient ofFe 2 + and MnO;; is: eye',] r 2:;OR)
°
[Hint: 10 g H2 , i.e., 5 mol is mixed with 64 g 2 • i. e., 2 mol
2H 2 (g) + 02(g) ----7 2HP(g)
(a) 1: 5 (b) 5 : I (d)6:.1. (c) 2 : 3 2 mol 1 mol 2 mol

47. What volume of oxygen gas (0 2 ) measured at ODC and I atm, Case I Let Hz is completely consumed
is needed to bum completely lL of propane gas (C3HS) .: 2 mol H2 gives 2 mol Hp
measured under the same conditions? :. 5 mol H2 gives 5 mol Hp
iCB:';E-PMT U'r".) ZUUgl Case II : Let 0z is completely consumed
(a)5 L (b) 10 L (c)7 L (d) 6 L .: 1 mol 02 gives 2 mol Hp
:. 2 mol 02 gives 4 mol Hp
1 voL 5 vol. 3 vol. 4 vol.
IL 5L 3L 4L Since 02 gives least amount of product on complete consumption
hence it is limiting reagent and amount of Hp fonned will be 4
48. How many moles of lead (II) chloride will be formed from a
mol.]
reaction between 6.5 g PbO and 3.2 g HCl ?
54. In an experiment, 4 g of M 2 0 y oxide was reduced to 2.8 g of
lCBSE·p'\rr (Pr~.) 20n8!
the metal. If the atomic mass of the metal is 56 g mol-I, the
(a) 0.011 (b) 0.029 (c) 0.044 (d) 0.333
number of oxygen atoms in the oxide is: (,\,r:qCW \ll,
6.5 3.2
[Hint: npbO = - ' = 0.029; nHC ' = - - = 0.087 (a) 1 (b) 2 (c)3 (d) 4
224 . .36.5
55. A vessel fitted with a weightless, frictionless piston of 0.025
The reaction is,
m 2 area contains conc. HCl. The piston moved 1 m outward
PbO + 2HCI ------7 PbCI 2 + Hp
when 0.075 kg of iron fillings were added at 300 K. The
PbO will be limiting reagent because on complete consumption, it solution left behind was found to contain Fe(II). The
give~ ~east amount of product, i.e., 0.029 mol PbCI 2.]
approximate purity ofthe iron sample is: (ISAT 20l())
49. 1 mole of methylamine on reaction with nitrous acid gives at (a) 50% (b) 75% (c) 90% (d) 40%
NTP:
[Hint: Volume of H2 gas produced = 0.025 x 1 = 0.025 m 3
(a) 1 litre of nitrogen (b)22.4 litre of nitrogen
=25 L
(c) 11.2 litre of nitrogen (d) 5.6 litre of nitrogen
PV = nRT
[Hint: CH 3- NH2 + HONO~ CH 3-OH+ N2 + H 20]
I mol 22.4 litre 1x 25 = n x 0.082 x JOO
at STP
nH2 = 1.016
50. The value of' n' in the reaction: The reaction involved is :
Cr20~- + 14W + nFe 2 + ~ 2Cr 3 + + nFe 3+ + 7H20 Fe+ 2HCI ------7 FeCI 2 + H2 t
will be: [PET (\IF) 2(108J Thus, number of moles of iron will be 1.016.
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d)7
i.e., Mas iron is l.016x 56 i.e., 56.896 g
51. In the complex with formula MCl 3 . 4H20, the coordination 01 • f' 56.896
;0 punty 0 Iron sample = - - x 100 = 75%]
number of the metal M is six and there is no molecule of
75
hydration in it. The volume of 0.1 MAgN0 3 solution needed to
56. The reaction of calcium with water is represented by the
precipitate the free chloride ions in 200 mL of 0.0 1 M solution
equation:
of the complex is: !P\!T ::'~~'L't') 11]'31'1
Ca + 2H 20 ----7 Ca(OH)2 + H2 t
962 G.R.B. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS •

What volume of H2 at STP would be liberated when 8 g of (a) 3.5 litre (b) 8.25 litre (c) 6.74 litre (d) 5.94 litre
calcium completely reacts with water? (AIIMS 2010) fH SO - 50x1.3x40 -26
3 [Hint: M
ass 0 2 4 - 100 - g
(a)O.2cm 3 (lJ)OAcm 3 (c) 224cm 3 (d) 4480cm
57. What volume of hydrogen will be liberated at NTP by the Zn + H 2S0 4 ~ ZnS04 + H2
reaction of Zn on 50 mL dilute H 2S04 of specific gravity 1.3 Volume ofH2 at NTP 22.4 x 26 = 5.94 litre]
and having purity 40%? [BHtl C'Vinins) 20101 98

['rf~ /OBJECTIVE QUEST'IONS

1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (e) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (e) 7. (d) 8. (b)
9. (4) 10. (d) 11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (e) 16. (b)
17. (e) 18. (bl 19. (e) 20. Cd) 21. (e) 22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (b)
25. (e) 26. (d) 27. (a) 28. (b) 29. (b) 30. (a) 31. (b) 32. (d)
33. (a) 34. (e) 35. (d) 36. (a) 37. (d) 38. (d) 39. (a) 40. (d)
41. (b) 42. (d) I 43. (e) 44. (e) 45. (a) 46. (b) 47. Ca) 48. (b)
49. (b) . 50 .. (e) :;L (b) 52. (e) 53. (d) 54. (e) 55. (b) 56. (d)
57. (d)
 STOICHIOMETRY 963

-BRAIN STORMING PROBLEMS

I' lOBJECTIVE QUESTIONS ) for [ lIT ASPIRANTS ,
The following questions contain single correct option: In moles ofFeC1 3 are ignited in the presence of2 moles of0 2
1. What mass of Mg(OHh is required to neutralize 125 mL of gas, how much of which reagent is prcscnt in excess and
0.136 M hydrochloric acid solution? therefore, remains unreacted?
Molar mass of Mg(OHh 58.33 g mol-I. (a) 0.33 mole FeCI 3 remains umeacted
(a) 0.248 g (b) 0.496 g (c) 0.992 g (d) 1.98 g (b) 0.67 mole FeCl 3 remains unreacted
. [Hint: Mg(OHh + 2HCI MgCl 2 + 2H 2 0 (c) 0.25 mole 02 remains unreacted
MV 0.136 x 125 (d) 0.50 mole 02 remains unreacted
Number of moles ofHCl - - = = 0.017
1000 1000 7. A self-contained breathing apparatus uses potassium
2 mole Hcf is neutralized by 58.33 g ofMg(OH)z superoxide, KO z, to convert the carbon dioxide and water in
exhaled air into oxygen, a~ shown by the equation:
:.0.017 mole HC! will be neutralized by 58.33 x 0.017 gof
. 2 4K02 (s) + 2H zO(g) + 4C02(g) ~ 4KHC0 3 (s) + 302 (g)-
Mg(OHh How 'many molecules 'ofoxygengas -wiHbe-produced-from----
= 0.496 g] 0.0468 g of carbon dioxide that is exhaled in a typical breath?
2. Calculate the mass of ammonia that can be produced from the (a)4.8x 1020 . (b) 6.4 x 1020 (c) 8.5x 102° (d) 1.9 x lifl
decomposi tion of a sample of (NH4 h PtCI 6 containing 0.1 g Pt: [Hint: ':4 mole 3 mole 02
Molar mass of (NH4h PtCl 6 is 443.9 g mol-I.
(a) 0.0811 g (b) 0.0766 g (c) 0.0115 g (d) 0.00766 g :. ~ 0.:68) mole C0 2will give! x 0.0468 mol(: OL ___ .___ _
3. Consider the following data: 7.977 X 10-4 mol
Element Atomic mass
A 12.01 Number of molecules of 02 == 7.977 X 10-4 x 6.023 X 1023
B 35.5 4.8 x 1020]
A and B combine to form new substance X. If 4 moles of B 8. Antimony reacts with c~lorine according to this equation:
combine with 1 mole of A to give 1 mole of X, then weight 2Sb + 3Cl 2 2SbCl 3 -----'>.

of one mole of X is: How many grams of SbCl 3 can be prepared if 0.012 mole of
(a) 154 g (b) 74 g (c) 47.5 g (d) 166 g antimony are reacted with 0.02 mole of chlorine? The molar
!Hint: A+4B x mass ofSbCl 3 equals 228.2 g mol-I. '
Molar mass of X 12.01 + 4 x 35.5 = 154 g mol-I] (a) 1.52 g (b) 1.83 g (c) 2.74 g (d) 4.56 g
4. Chlorine can be prepared by reacting HCI with Mn0 2 . The 9. A gaseous mixture of propane and butane of volume 3 L on
reaction is represented by this equation: complete combustion produces 10 L of CO 2 under standard
conditions of temperature and pressure. The ratio of volumes
Mn02 (s) + 4HCl(aq.) CI 2 (g) + MnCl 2 (aq.) + 2HzO(l)
of propane to butane is:
Assuming the reaction goes to completion, what mass of (a)1:2 (b)2:1 (c)3:2 (d)3:1
concentrated HCl solution (36% HCI by mass) is needed to
10. What amount of·silver will be obtained on thermal decom-
jJruduce 2.5 g of C1 2 ?
position of2.76 g of silver carbonate, Ag 2 C0 3 (276 amu)?
(a) 5.15 g (b) 14.3 g (c) 19.4 g (d) 26.4 g
(a)2.l6g (b)0.2l6g (c)216g(d)21.6g
5. What volume of3 MNa z S0 4 must be added to 25 mL of 1M
11. PH 3 (g ) decomposes on heating to produce phosphorous and
BaCl z to produce 5 g BaSO 4?
hydrogen. The change in volume when 100 mL of such gas
(a) 7.2 me (b) 8.3 mL (c) 10 mL (d) 14 mL
decomposed is:
!Hint: Na2S04 + BaCl 2 ---7 BaS0 4 + 2NaCI (a) +50 mL (b) +500 mL (c) -50 mL (d) -500 mL
Mass 5 Heat
NumberofmoiesofBaS0 4 = -=0.0215 !Hint: 4PH 3 (g) ---7 P4 (s) + 6H 2 (g)
Molar mass 233
Number of moles ofNa2S04 needed = 0.0215 Volume ofH2 formed by decomposition of 100 mL PH 3
6
MV = 0.0215 =-x100=150mL
1000 4
3xV =0.0215 Thus, cha,nge in volume (150 -100) == 50mL]
1000 12. What amount ofBaS0 4 can be obtained on mixing 0.5 mole
V=7.2mL] BaCl z with I mole ofH zS0 4 ?
6. When FeCl 3 is ignited in an atmosphere of pure oxygen, this (a) u.s mol (b) 0.15 mol (c) 0.1 mol (d) 0.2 mol
reaction takes place: !Hint: BaC1 2 + H 2 S04 ---7 BaS0 4 + 2HCI]
Initially 0.5 I 0 0
4FeCI 3 (s) + 302 (g) ~ 2Fe 2 0 3 (s) + 6Cl z(g) After the renction 0 (I - 0.5) 0.5 2 x 0.5
964 G.R.B. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS

13. In the reaction, 19. 1 mole of a gaseous aliphatic compound C 11 H311 0 l1l is
CrOs + H 2 S0 4 ~ Cr2(S04h + 'H2 0 + 02 completely burnt in an excess of oxygen. The contraction in
one mole of CrO 5 will liberate how many moles of 02? volume is:
(a) 5/2 (b) 5/4 (, 21 43)
(a)' 1+ 11 - - m
(c) 9/2 (d) None of these \ .

14. Calcium carbonate decomposes on heating according to the ( I 3 \

equation; (C\1-2 n -4 m j
CaC03 (s) ~ CaO(s) + CO 2 (g)
20. A mixture ofCH4 and C 2H4 was completely burnt in an excess
At STP, the volume of CO 2 obtained by thermal
of oxygen, yielding equal volumes of CO 2 and steam.
decomposition of 50 g ofCaC0 3 will b~:
Calculate the percentages of the compounds in the original
(a) 22.4 litre (b) 44 litre (c) IL2lirre. (d) I litre mixture:
15. The volume in litre of CO 2 liberate-dat STP when 10 g of90% (a) 25% CH 4 and 75% C ZH4 (b) 30% CH 4 and 70% C ZH4
pure limestone is heated completely, is: (e) 75% CH 4 and 25% C 2H4 (d) 50% CH 4 and 50% C 2H4
(a) 22.4 L (b) 2.24 L (c) 20.16 L (d) 2.016 L
21. When same amount ofzinc is treated separately with excess of
[Hint: CaCO} ---7 CaO + CO 2 (g) H2S04 and NaOH, the ratio of volumes of Hz evolved is:
I mole 22.4 litre at STP
(100 g) (a) 1: I (b) 1: 2 (c}'1 (d) 9:4
~~c:g3.==~~·4LC:Q2~t SIf_ [I1int: Zn + l-I2~()4 ---7 ZnS0.;l+B-2
. . 224 . Zn + 2NaOH ---7 Na 2 ZnO Z + Hz]
9 g CaCO} -'- X 9 L CO? at STP
100 - 22. 10 mole ofS0 2 and 15 mole 0[02 were passed over a catalyst
= 2.016 L CO 2 at STP] to produce 8 mole of S03' The ratio of SOz and S03 moles in
16. A metal oxide has the formula Z203' It cari be reduced by mixture is:
hydrogen to give free metal and water. 0.1596 g of the metal (a) 5/4 (b) 114 (c) 112 (d) 3/4
requires 6 mg of hydrogen for complete reduction. The atomic 1·······
[Hint: SOz(g) 2 0z (g) S03(g)
mass {if the metal is:
(a) 27.9 g mol-I (b) 159.6 g mor l t 0 10 IS 0
:: i.e) 79.8 g mol- i
(d) 55.8 g mol- i Final 10 x 15 -.: x
2
x=8
~',;lHint:
:' "
nso2 == 10 - x 2, nso, = 8
.: 6 g H2 gives 2 mole Z
11502 =~ 1.]
;:" 6 X 10-3 g H2 will give 0.002 mole Z I1So., 8 4
Mass
Number of moles = - - - - 23. Hg02 + 4KI ~ K 2[HgI 4 ] + 2KCI
Molar mass
1 mole each of Hgz+ and r will fc ow many moles of
0.1596 HgI~-?
0.002
Molar mass (a) 1 mol (b) 0.5 mol (c) 0.25 mol (d) 2 mol
Molar mass = 0.1596 79. 8 g moI- J ] 24. 25 mL of 0.15 M Pb (NO} h reacts completely with 20 mL of
0.002 Al2 (S04 h· The molar concentration of Al2 (S04 h will be:
17. 10 g CaC0 3 is completely decomposed to X and CaO. X is 3Pb(N03 h(aq.) + All (S04 Maq.) ~ 3PbS04(s)
passed into an aqueous solution containing one mole of + 2Al(N03 hCaq.)
sodium carbonate. What is the number of moles of sodium (a) 0.0625 M (b) 0.0242 M
biearbonate fomled? (c) 0.1875 M (d) 0.2346 M
[Molar mass: CaC0 3 (100); Na2C03(l06); NaHC0 3 (8'4)]. V
[Hint: M1V l Pb (N0 3 h == 1vf2 2 Al 1 (S04)3
(a) 0.2 (b) 0.1 (c) 0.01 (d) 10' IlJ /1 2

18. Chlorine gas can be produced by reacting sulphuric acid with a O. IS x 25 x 20

mixture of Mn02 and NaCI. The reaction follows the 3 I
equation: M2 = 0.0625]
2Ni1Cl + Mn02 + 3HiS04 ~ 2NaHS04 + MnS04 25. In the reaction,
+ Cl 2 + 2~0 2NH3(g)+ 5F2 ~ N2F4 + 6HF
What volume: of chlorine can be produced from 1 g of sodium 3.56 g N2F4 is obtained by mixing 2 g NH3 and 8 g F 2' The
chloride under standard conditions of temperature and pressure? percentage yield of the production is:
(a) 1.915 L (b) 19.15 L ! (c) 20.22 L (d) 0.191 L (a) 81.28% (b)71.2% (c) 68% (d) 79%
[Hint: 2 mole NaCI (117 g) == I mole C1 2 (22.4 L at STP) [Hint: 2NH3(g)+ 5F2 ---7 N2F4 + 6HF
. 34g 1909 I04g
1 g NaCI will give LCI? atSTP .. dby
' ?_ g NH3 = 104 x 2 = 6.12
117 - Amount 0 fN ?F4 iorme g
- ",r . 34 ~
=0.191 L C1 2 at STP]
 STOICHIOMETRY 965

Amount ofN2F4 formed by 8 g F2 104 x 8 = 4.38 a 5. 8.7 g of pure Mn02 is heated with an exeess of HCI and the
190 '" I,!as evolved is passed into a solution of Kl. Calculate the
will be limiting and actual amount of product is 3.56 g amount of the iodine liberated (Mn CI 35.5, I = 127):
• Id (a) 0.1 mol (b) 25.4g
01
/0 yle = Actual amount x 100
Calculated amOlmt of product (e) 15.4 g (d) 7,7 g
3.56 6. 100 mL of gaseous mixture containing CO, CO 2 and O 2 was
x100
4.38 sparked; there was contraetion of 80 mL volume when the
= 81.28%] mixture was passed through aqueous caustic potash KOH. The
composition of initial gaseous mixture will be respectively:
The following questions may have more than one correct
(a) 20 mL, 70 mL, 10 mL (b) 50 mL, 30 mL, 20 mL
options:
(e) 30 mL, 50 mL, 20 mL (d) 30 mL, 60 mL, 10 mL
1. 1.5 g of oxygen is produced by heating KCI0 3 . How much
[Hint: (d). co+ I CO 2
KCI is produced in the reaction? 2
(a)4.15xlO-2 mol (b)4.33g 10 mL 02 will 20 mL CO 2 in above reaction. Thus, total
(c) 1.78 X 10- mol2
fJ) 1.33 g volume of CO 2 will be 80 mL which will be absorbed in caustic
potash KOH.
2. . Ca\culat<::Jhe 1!II1:911nLoflilIleJJmtcaIl bq)ro.<iu~ce~dl:lY h~1iting Similarlyin(c) option, 30 mL CO 2 will be formed on sparki:nts.~~
100 g of90% pure limestone: I
(a) 50.4 g (b) 0.98 mol (c) 0.9 mol (d) 56 g CO + - 02 CO 2
30 ml 2 30ml
[Hint: CaC0 3 ~ CaO + CO 2 (limiting)
100 g 56g
Total volume of CO 2 will be 80 mL]
100 g CaC0 3 56 g CaO
;;; 7. S02 gas is slowly passed through an aqueous suspension
56 . containing 12 gCaSO) till the 'milkiness just disappears, whaf-
90 g CaC0 3 x 90 g CaO, I.e., 50.4 g CaO
100 amount of S02 would be required? IRHli (M.t1im) ZllJ(}~
50.4 (a) 12.8 g (b) 6.4 g (c) 0.2 mole (d) 0.1 mole
Number 0 f moles of Ca =

3.
~. ~
° 0.9]

In an experiment; the following four gases were produced.

[Hint: The reaction involved is
CaS03 + Hp + S02 ~ Ca(HS0 3 h
.~; .

. mil~y colourless
11.2 L of which two gases at STP will weigh 14 g? .
I mol. I mol
(a)N 2 0 (b)N0 2 (C)N2 (d) CO 120g 64g."
4. 2 mole of CO 2 is required to prepare: 12 gCaS0 3 will re~ct with 6.4 g S02 or 0.1 mol SO~.]
(a) 336 g ofNaHC0 3 (b) 168 g ofNaHC0 3
(c) 462 g ofCa(HC0 3 h (d) 162 g ofCa(HCO)h

c·
• Single correct option
1. (b) 3. (a) 4. (b) 8. (c)
f'
2. (c) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (a)
9. (b) 10. (a) 11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (d) 14. (c) 15. (d) 16•• (C;)
17. (a) 18. (d) 19. (d) 20. (d) 21. (a) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (a)
25. (a)

• One1. or more than2. one correct options

(c,d) (a, c) 3. (c, d) 4. (b, d). 5. (a, b) 6. (c, d) 7. (b, d)
966 R.B. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS

ce LINKED CoMPREHENSION TYPe QUESTIONS .• :-:

• Passage 1 • Passage 2
In a reaction vessel. 100 g H 2 and 100 g :::L are mixed and Dissolved oxygen in water is determined by using a redox
suitable conditions are provided for the following reaction: reaction. Following equations describe the procedure:
I. 2Mn 2+ (aq.) + 40H (aq.) + 02 (g) ---'7 LMn02 (s)
2HCl(g)
+ 2H 2°(l)
Quantum yield of this reaction is Ql = 105 . II. Mn02 (s)+ 2I (aq.) + 4H + (aq. ) ---'7 Mn 2+ (aq.)
Answer the following questions:
1. Select the correct statement(s) for the above reaction: + 12 (aq. )+ WP(l)
(a) Presence of light is required for this reaction III. 2SzOt (aq.)+ 12 (aq. )---'7S 4 0t (aq.)+ 2I - (aq.)
(b) It is a chain reaction Answer the following questions:
(c) Catalyst is required 1. How many moles of S20~- are equivalent to each mole of O2?
(d) All of the above (a) 0.5 (b) I (c) 2 (d) 4
2. The limiting reagent in this reaction will be: 2. What amount of 12 , willhe~ ..liberated from-$ .~.dissolved
{a}H~ ~~~-~ ~ ."~{bfCf2~~
oxygen?
(c) both (d) cannot be predicted (a) 127 g (b) 254 g (c) 504 g (d) 100:~ g
3. The actual amount of HCI formed in this reaction is: 3. If 3 x 10':'3 moles O2 is dissolved per litre of water,then what
(a) 102.8 g (b) 73 g will be the molarity on - produced in the given leal:tion?
(c) 36.5 g (d) 142g (a) 3 x 10-3 M 4. X 3 X 10-3 M
4. The amount of excess reactant remain'ingis:
(a) 50 g (b) 97.2 g (c)2x 3 x 10-3 M (d) 2. x 3 X 10-3 M
2
(c)46g (d)64g 4. Number of which two chemical species will be same in the
5. The amount ofRCI formed (at 90% yield) will be: given procedure?
(a) 36.8 g (b) 62.5 g (a) Mn02 (b) 12 (c) I (d) S20 32-
(c) 80 g (d) 92.53 g
5. 8 mg dissolved oxygen will consume:
(a) 5x 10-4 mol Mn2+ (b) 2.5 x 10-4 mol Mn2+
(c) 10-3 mol Mn2+ (d) 2 mol Mn2+

[;4~
Passage 1. 1. (a, b) 2. 1) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (d)
Passage 2. 1. (d) 2. 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (a)
 STOICHIOMETRY 967

~~ SELF ASSESSMENT c3> -"" .

. ASSIGNIVIENTNO. 15
Straight Objective Type Questions (c) 50 mL of 0.1 M oxalic acid
This section contains 10 multiple choice questions. Each (d) 50 mL of 0.2 M oxalic acid
question has 4 choices (a), (b), (c) and (d), out of which only 6. Orthoboric acid, on heating, decomposes in two ways:
one is correct. (1) H 3 B0 3 HBO z + H2 0
1. An oxide of iodine contains 25.4 g of iodine for 8 g of oxygen. (II) H 3 B03 ---7 B 2 0 3 + H 2 0
Its molecular formula will be: If 9 moles of H3B03 decomposes by (I) pathway and
(a) 120 3 (b) 120 (c) 120 S (d) 12 0 7 remaining by (JJ) pathway. If total 11 moles of water are
2. 2 g Hz and 1 g Oz are allowed to react according to following formed, then the number of moles of B 1 0 3 formed is:
equation: (a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 2
2H2 (g) + O~ (g) - --7 2H 2O(g) 7. 2 moles of HzS and 11.2 L of S02 at NTP react to give x mole
Amount of H;O formed in the reaction will be: of sulphur. The value of 'x' will be:
(a) 3g (0)1.125 g--~- Reaction: SOZ(g) + 2H2 S(g) ---73S + 2H20
(c) 4.5 g (d) 2.50 g (a) 1.5 (b) 3 (c) 11.2 (d) 6
3. 20 cc of CO 2 gas is passed over red hot coke. The volume of 8. A sample of argentite ore contains 1.34% of AgzS by mass.
carbon monoxide evolved is: How many grams of this ore would give 1 g of Ag on
(a) 10 cc (b) 20 cc (c) 30 cc (d) 40 cc extraction?
(a) 134 g (b) 108 g (c) 85.7 g {cl) 74.6 g
4. In the Haber process:
Nig) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3(g) 9. What mass of HN0 3 is needed to convert 5 g of i0dine into
30 [; of H2 and 30 L of N2 were taken for reaction which iodic acid according to the reaction?
yielded only 50% of expected product. What will be the I2 + HN0 3 HI0 3 + N02 + H 2 0
composition of the gaseous mixture in the end? (a) 12.4 g (b) 24.8 g (c) 0.248 g (d) 49.6 g
(a) 20 LNH 3 ,25 L N z and 20 L H2 10. KI + 12 + HN0 3 HI0 3 + KI0 3 + N0 2
(b) IOLNH 3,25 L N z and 15 LHz If 3 moles of KI and 2 moles of 12 are mixed with excess
(c) 20 LNH 3 ,IO L N z and 30 LHz HN0 3 , then volume ofNO z gas evolved at NTP is:
(d) 20 LNH 3 ,25 L.Nz and 15 LH z Ca) 716.8 litre (b) 1075.2 litre
5. KMn04 reacts with oxalic acid according to the equation: (c) 44.8 litre Cd) 67.2 litre
2MnO;; + 5C20~- + 16H+ 2Mn 2+ + 10COz + 8HzO 11. The decomposition of certain mass ofCaC03 gave 11.2 dm3 of
20 rnL of 0.1 M KMn04 will react with: CO 2 gas at STP. The mass of KOH required to completely
(a) 120 rnL of 0.25 M oxalic acid neutralise the gas is: IBIH! (Screening) lOWI
(b) 150 rnL of O. 1 M oxalic acid (a)56g (b)28g (c)42g (d)20g

['.;'(~. ------.;....-----------11:
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (e) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (e)
9. (a) 10. (a) 11. (a)
968 G.R.B. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS

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SPONTANEOUS ASSESSMENT SECTION

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~-~i.:"-~1{5s~··€-.{;:-*4-~5,;~~~l~'~~~!i!-~~~:'~'nk\;\;:;"**1i~~:'::'<:*'··~ ..~~;~di-j-·\:Mf¥ii#ijt*21i%'?..f;S:·l~-'·~i

MODULE-1 liT Entrance Test Paper =============:::::

There are module. [Hint: PV = nRT
(1) Q. 1-20. Have single correct answer.
6.5 x 2.463 I x 0.0821 x T
(2) Q.21 30. Have more than one correct answers.
(3)Q.31-35. TrueJfalse problems.
T = 195 K
(4) Q.36 40. Statement/explanation problems.
(5) Q.41-48. Thought type/comprehensive problems.
V=n[ R; J
(6) Q. 49 53. Multiple tnie[fdlse problems. .. RT 0.082; .~~ 19S
(7) Q.54-·::·58;· Tfiie ol'fcilsetype ijikiif[ons.· ..
Avogadro proportJ.onahtyconstt.=~·= ~,=
P r; 5
'" 2.461-'--'
(8) Q. 59. Matching type question. 5. A(s) ~ B(g) + C(g). Total pressure at time ofeqUllibrium
is 40 atmosphere. If all the contents of this reactor have been
1. Kinetic energy of 0.3 mole of 'He' gas in a container of shifted to another reactor of double capacity, then the total
maximum capacity of 4 litre at 5 atm, must be: equilibrium pressure in the new reactor will be: (in
(R::; 0.0821atm litre mol- I K- 1) atmosphere)
(a) 30 atm litre (b) 100 atm litre (a) 20 (b) 40 (c) 400 Cd) 1600
(c) 9 atm litre (d) 11.11 atrn litre (Hint: Since, gaseous species are not present on both sides,
hence the equilibrium will not shift.]
[Hint: PV = 1 I1lnc2 6. Gadolinium-IS3 is used in the detection of osteoporosis
3
disease of bones. Half life of gadolinium-I 53 is 500 days.
, 1 2
::.. PV = mne = KE After how many days, on an average, the nuclide can be
2 2 considered absent from the body of patients?
KE= ~ PV =! x 5 x 4 = 30 atm litre]
(a) 500 days (b) 1000 days
2 2 (c) Infinite (d) 350 days
2. What will be the maximum spin mUltiplicity for 4d- orbital? [Hint: The radioactive element will disappear from the body of
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 5 (ell 10 patient after infinite time.]
7. Amount of energy required to excite an electron of an atom
[Hint: Spin multiplicity n s+I
from the lower energy state to its next higher energy state is
I defined as:
+ I 6]
2x 5x
2 (a) ionization potential (b) electron affinity
3. Number of 'He' atoms in 52 amu sample is: ( c) critical potential (d) reduction potential
(a)2x6.023xl<y 3 (b) 13 8. Consider the values for !!1.Ho (in kJ mol-I) and for /:::"so (in J
(c)4 (d)4x6.023xI0 2\ mol-I K -I) given for four different reactions. For which
reaction will /:::"Go increase the most (becoming more positive),
4. For a given one mole of ideal gas kept at 6.5 atm in a container
when the temperature is increased from O°C to 25°C?
of capacity 2.463 litre. The Avogadro proportionality constant
(al tiJi<>- == 50, !:::,.So 50 (b) /'ili0 = 90,!:::,.S° = 20
for the hypothesis is: (see figure)
(c) "tJfO= - 20, /:::"so == 50 (d) /'ili0 - 90, /:::"so = - 20
(e) None of these
9. The energy of the orbitals decreases in the order:
(a) s > p> sp3 > sp > Sp2 (b) p > Sp3 > sp2 > sp> s
(c) Sp3 > Sp2 > sp > S > P (d) s > sp > sp2 > sp3 > p
(e) none of these
[Hint: Greater the percentage of 'p' character, more is the
energy of the orbital.]
10. These are the first eight ionization energies for a particular
neutral atom. All values are expressed in MJ mol-I. How
(a) 0.406 (b) 2.46 many valence electrons do/does this atom possess?
(c) 22.4 (d) none of!
 liT ENTRANCE TEST PAPERS 969

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th (a) 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + (x + 1)
1.31 3.39 5.30 7.47 10.99 13.33 71.33 84.01 (b)1+2+3+ ... +x2
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 6 (c)1+2+3+ ... +x
(e) None of these (d) 1+ 2+ 3 + ... + (x - 1)
11. Consider the reaction: 17. Carbon atom has electronic configuration, C = 1s2 ,
2fVg) + 2NO(g) N 2 (g) + 2H2 0(g) 2
---7 2s and 2p2. The spin multiplicity of carbon atom is:
The rate law for this reaction is, (a) 3 (b) 2 (c) I (d) 4
Rate = k [H2 ][NO]2 18. An electron moves around protons (nucleus) in a circle of
radius r. Assuming that the uncertainty of momentum of
Under what conditions could these steps represent the electron is of the same order as the momentum itself, the
mechanism? momentum of the electron will be:
Step 1. 2NO ;;:===:N20 2
(a) ~ (b) h (c) 4nhr (d) 2nhr
Step 2. N2 0 2 + H2 ---7 N2 0 + H20 4nr 2nr
Step 3. N2 0 + H2 ---7 N2 + H 2 0 19. The oxidation state of iron in sodium nitroprusside is:
(a)-3 or~2 (b) +3 or-3 (c) +2 or-2 (d) -:2 or-3
(a) These steps cannot be the mechanism under any
.circumstances 20. The oxidation state of sodium in sodium amalgam is:
(a) +1 (b)-1 (c) zeto (d)+Z
(b) Tnese steps could be the mechanism~j{ step .f ~ is the
slowest step Question 21 to 30 have more than one correct answers:
(c) These steps could be the mechanism if step 2 is the
21. T.he substance(s) which can act as oxidising as well as
slowest step I'
reducing agent is/are:
(d) These steps could be the mechanism if step 3 is the
(a) H2 0 2 (b)()3 ..
slowest step
(c) NH2 NH2 · Cd) HN0 3
(e) None of the above
22. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
12. Match the following:
(a) The electronic ~onfiguration ofCr is [Ar] 3d 5 4s1
1. Energy of ground state of He + (i) - 6.04 e V
(b) The magnetic quantum number may have negative value
2. Potential energy of 18t orbit (ii) - 27.2 eV (c) In silver, 23 electrons have a spin of one type and 24 of
ofH-atom the opposite type
3. Kinetic energy of 2nd excited (iii) 8.7xlO- 18 J (d) The oxidation state of hydrogen in NH3 is +3
state ofHe+ 23. Which of the following statement(s) about wave function \jf of
4. Ionisation potential of He + (iv) - 54.4 eV an electron is/are correct?
(a) I-(i); 2-(ii); 3-(iii); 4-{iv) (a) \jf has no physical significance
(b) I-(iv); 2-{iii); 3-{ii); 4--(i) (b) \jf 2 represents the probability of finding electrons
(c) l-(iv); 2-(ii); 3-(i); 4-{iii) (c) \jf\jf * = \jf2 = 1\jf12
(d) I-(ii); 2-{iii); 3-{i); 4-{iv) (d) \jf is continuous, definite, finite and single valued
13. If electrons are transited from n2 excited state to nl excited
24. Loss of a I)-particle is equivalent to:
state, then number of lines observed in the spectrum will be:
(a)incr~ase in number of protons by one
(a) (n2 - nl )(n2 n] + 1) (b) (n1 - n2 )(n2 - n] + 1)
(b) decrease in number of neutrons by one
2 2 (c) change in atomic mass by one unit
(c) (n2 + n1 )(n l + n2 + I) )(
(d) 2(nl /12 n1 + 112 -
1)2 (d) none of the above
2 25. The maximum velocity of liquid molecules up to which Its
14. When an electron is transited from 2E to E energy level, the flow is streamline is called critical velocity. The critical
wa~elength of photon produced is AI' In making electronic velocity of a liquid depends upon:
transition from 4 E to E level. the wavelength A2 is: (a) coefficient of viscosity (b) radius of the tube
3 .. (c) density of the liquid (d) mass of the tube
3AI 1 Ie 4AI 26. Which of the following curves represent(s) Boyle's law'!
(a) A2 = AI (b) A2 = - (C)A2 = 31\.1 (d) 2 = -
4 3
15. Completely filled orbitals have special stability and are
spherically symmetrical like d lO , p6, f 14, etc. The species
among CI-, Ar and N)- which have such orbitals are:
(a) CI-, Ar (b)Nj,Cl-
(c)Ar, Nj (d)Ar, Cl-, N;
v -- v ~-
16. An atom has x energy levels; then total number of lines in the (a) (b)
emission spectrum will be:
I
970 G.R.B. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS

36. (8) All Arrhenius acids are also Bronsted acids.

(E) All Bronsted bases are also Lewis bases.
37. (8) 1 amu equals to 1.66 x 10-24 g.
(E) 1.66 X 10-24 g equals 1I12th mass of 12C atom.
38. (8) 8pectrallines are not observed for 2px - 2pz transition.
v- (E) p" PI' and Po are three-fold degenerate orbitals.
(c) 39. (8) Compressibility factor (2) for non-ideal gas is always
greatel than unity.
27. Which of the following set(s) of compounds is/are used as (E) Non-ideal gases exert less pressure compared to ideal
semipermeable membrane? gases under identical conditions.
(a) Calcium phosphate, cellulose nitrate· 40. (8) If in zero order reaction, the concentration of the reactant
(b) Calcium phosphate, copper ferrocyanide is doubled, the half life period is also doubled.
(c) Cellulose nitrate, copper ferrocyanide . (E) For a zero order reaction, the rate of reaction is
(d) Copper ferrocyanide, copper sulphate independent of initial concentration.
28. For exact determination of molecular mass: When 2 g non-volatile solute is dissolved in 100 g of benzene,
(a) solute must be volatile the vapour pressure ofbenzene at 20°C is lowered from 74:66
Cbfsollit!6nmusrbevery dilute' mmto 74.{)lmm;
(c) solvent must be non-volatile Answer the following questions:
(d) solute must not be dissociated or associated 41. Mole fraction of benzene in the solution will be:
29. For the reaction to be spontaneous: (a) 0.89 . (b) 0.69 (c) 0.99 (d) 0.79
(a) AS should be positive . 42. The molar rpass of solute will be: .
(b) (Mf TAS) should be negative (?) 200 (b) 277.624 (c) 177.624 (d) 350
(c) (Mf + TAS) should be negative 43. Molecular formula of solute may be:
(d) Mf should be negative (a) C l4 HlO (b) C 12 H26 (c) C 14 H 30 (d) C 14H28
30. When a colloidal solution X is converted into two different 44. If the solute is a hydrocarbon containing 94.4% carbon, then
solutions Y and 2, the osmotic pressures of Y and 2 were found the number of moles· of carbon in 1 mol of it will be:
to be respectively higher and lower than X. This· indicates (a) 12 (b) 10 (c) 16 (d) 14
that: 45. Molality of solution will be:
(a) X is a colloidal solution and Y is suspension (a) 0.013 (b) 0.06 (c) 0.23 (d) 0.05
(b) X is a colloidal solution and 2 is true solution The age of articles of organic origin can be estimated by
(c) X is colloidal solution and 2 is suspension radiocarbon dating. The radio-isotope carbon-14 is produced
(d) X is a colloidal solution and Y is true solution continuously in the upper atmosphere as the nitrogen atoms
capture cosmic ray neutrons. .
In the following questions (31-35), indicate 'a' if the
statement is true and'b' if the statement isfalse: IjN+hJl~I:C+:H
31. The plot of PV versus P at constant tempei'ature is a straight The 14 C atoms react with oxygen molecules to form 14 CO 2 ,
line passing through origin. 14 CO 2 is absorbed by the plants in photosynthesis. Carbon-14
32. Bohr model could not explain the fine line spectrum of decays with a half life 0/5730 years.
hydrogen.
33. 21 Sc and Cr 3 + are isoelectronic, hence they have same I:C~ 1jN + _~e
electronic configuration. After death, the plant no longer carries out photosynthesis, so it
34. van't Hoff factor is equal to unity if the solute undergoes no longer takes-up 14 CO? Other organisms that consume plants
100% dissociation. .. for food stop doing so at-death. The emission from 14 C in dead
35. A mixture of ideal gas is cooled up to liquid helium tissu.e then decreases with the passage of time. The activity per
temperature (4.22 K) to form an ideal solution. gram of carbon is a measure of the length of time elapsed since
In each of the following questions, a Statement (S) and death. The carbon-14 technique is uSf!fitl only for dating objects
Explanation (E)are given. Choose the correct answer from for a limited period o{time.
the codes a, b, c and d given for each question: Answer the following questions:
(a) S is correct but Eis wrong. 46. Which one is correct?
(a) Carbon dating is predicted only for wood not older than
(b) S is wrong but E is correct.
60000 years.
(c) Both Sand E are correct and E is the correct
(b) Carbon dating is predicted only for wood not older than
explanation of S. 600 years.
(d) Both SandE are correct but E is not correCt (c) Age of any older wood can be predicted by the radio
explanation ofS. carbon dating.
(d) Radio carbon dating is used only for wooden objects.
 liT ENTRANCE TEST PAPERS 971

47. A piece of wood taken from a cave dwelling in New Mexico is 55. pH oflO- IO M HCI is 10 ..
found to have a carbon-14 activity (per gram of carbon) only (a) True (b) False (c) cannot be predicted
0.636 times that of wood cut today. Estimate the age of the 56. Specific conductance of electrolyte solution decreases on
wood: dilution.
(a) 7430 yr (b) 3740 yr (c) 4370 yr (d) 7340 yr (a) True (b) False (c) cannot be predicted
48. In carbon dating: 57. 3s-orbital has 2 nodes, inclusive of radial and angular nodes.
(a) the decay rate of It C is studied (a) True (b) False (c) cannot be predicted
(b) the rate of accumulation of It C is studied 58. Conductance of LiCl is greater than NaCI at infinite dilution.
(c) the rate of decay of l~ C is studied (a) True (b) False (c) cannot be predicted
(d) the rate offormation of I~C is studied 59. [A] Match the Column-I with Cohmm-II. Choose the correct
In each of the following questions, three statements I, 11, III one from the alternatives (a), (b), (c) and (d).
are given. Mark: Column-I . Colu"mn-II
(a) if all the statements are correct P. Wilkinson catalyst L trans-IrCl(CO)(PPh 3 h
(b) if II and III are correct Q. Speier catalyst II. Hydrosilylation
(c) if I and III are correct R. Water gas shift III. RhCI(PPh 3h
(d) if only IJ is correct catalyst
49. lnCrOj: S...Zeolite ZSM~5" IV..syntb.eticgasoline.
(I) Oxidation number of Cds +6. catalyst
(II) Four oxygen atoms are involved ili peroxy linkage. V. Hydroformylation
(III) Only one oxygen atom has -2 state. VI. Zinc-copper oxide
50. (I) The conductance of molten NaCI is due to movement of (a) (b) (c) (d)
Na + and Cl- ions. P:-III P-I P-V P-III
(II) Molten NaCI is a good conductor due to mobility of free Q-II , Q-V Q-II Q-VI
electrons. R-VI R-III R-VI.R-IV
(III) Solid NaCI is a bad conductor of electricity. S-IV S-IV S-IV S-II
51. (I) Resistance of metals increases on heating. [B] Match the Column-I with Column-II. Choose the correct
(II) Unit of cell constant is em-I. . one from the alternatives (a), (b), (c) and (d).
(III) Specific conductance decreases on dilution.
Column-I Column-II
52. (I) Oxidation number is same as formal charge. P. Low temperature 1. a
(II) The numerical value of oxidation number and valency V
may differ. Q. Mean'speed II. Maxwellian distribution
(III) Absolute value of electrode potential cannot be . R. Internal pressure III.b
determined, S. Excluded volume IV. Adiabatic demagnetisa-
53. (I) Cathode is -ve terminal in both electrolytic and tion
electrochemical cells. . b \
(II) Reduction occurs at cathode, both in electrolytic and· V. ( a+ 2 i
V J
electrochemical cells.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(III) Chemical change in electrolytic cell is non- spontaneous ..
P-IV P-V P-I P-IV
Predict whether the following statements are True or False:
Q-II Q~IV' Q-II Q-V
54. At Curie point, ferromagnetic solid changes to paramagnetic
solid.
R-I R-II R·-III R-III
(a) True (b) False (c) cannot be predicted S-III S-III S-IV 8-II

[~".'
.. ... 'If4«IeIU
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (c)
9. (b) 10. (d) 11. (c) . 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (a) . 16. (d)
17. (a) 18. (a) 19. (b) 20. (c) 21. (a, b, c) 22. (a, b, c) 23. (a, b, c, d) 24. (a, b)
25. -(a, b, c) 26. (a, b, c, d) 27. (a, b, c) 28. (b, d) 29. (a, b) 30. (c, d) 31. (b) 32. (a)
33. (b) 34. (b) 35. (b) 36. (a) 37. (a) 38. (a) 39. (b) 40. (d)
41. (c) 42. (c) 43. (a) 44. (d) 45. (a) 46. (a) 47. (b) 48. (a)
49. (a) 50. (c) 51. (a) 52. (b) 53. (d) 54. (a) 55. (b) 56. (a)
57. (a) 58. (b) 59. (A-d), (B-a)
I
972. G.R.B. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS

MODULE-2 liT Entrance Test Paper

Following questions have single correct option: '(c) lIn [Ala (d) I In
1. The frequency of de Broglie wave associated with a t [A 11 t[Ala
[All
4 10. A hypothetical reaction, 2X + Yz ---7 2XY follows the
microscopic particle of mass 10..,27 gm is 2.5 x 10 MHz, then
the velocity of the particle will be: mechanism:
(a) 4.08 km/s (b) 5.81 km/s X+X~ X2
(c) 17.32 km/s (d) 1.22 km/s Xl +Yl~ 2XY
2. The total number of nodes for Ad-orbital will be:
then the order of reaction is:
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d)l
3. N z + 2NH3 + heat. The activation energy for the (a) I (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) undefined·
11. The inversion of cane sugar in aqueous acidic medium is a
forward as well as backward reaction is decreased by 100 J, reaction of:
then the equilibrium amount ofNH3 will:
( a) zero order (b) first order
"' (a) increase (b) decrease
(c) second order (d) third order
(c}remainconstant (d) cannot be predicted
~

12. Which of the following betongsto~-e:g., (double

4. During K -electron capture mainly:
(a) y-rays are emitted (b)~-particles are emitted
(b) dyz. d:;x
(c) positron are emitted (d) X-rays are emitted
5. The magnetic moment of an iron compound is.5.918 BM, then (d) d ;r 2 - y
2,

~-.
the oxidation state of iron in this compound will be: 13. Which among the following is correct about the energy
(a) 0 (b) I (c) 2 Cd)3 sequence (in case ofH-atoin)?
6. Which of the following graphs represents a first order (a)3s<3p<3d (b)3s 3p 3d·
reaction? (c) 3s > 3 p ::. 3d (d) 3s > 3 p < 3d
14. If the equivalent weight of an element is 32, then the
percentage of oxygen in its oxide is:
to.33 1 - - - - -
(a) 16 (b) 40 (c) 32 (d) 20
'c
15. Which of the following statements are true?
(a) For gases, in general, viscosity increases with increase in
temperature.
t; a a
l~
(b) For liquids, viscosity varies directly with pressure.
;.,
(a) (b)
)1
;,1 (c) For gases, viscosity is independent of pressure.
D (d) All of the above are true.
1 (e) None of the above
~v to.33 16. The following figures show the angular probability
distribution of:
I
~
t~
z z
a a
rt
~ (c) (d)
• 7. For the reaction,
I C 6 H12 0 6 (s) + 602 (g) ---7 6C02 (g) + 6H2 0(l);
i .6.U = 2810kJ/moi x x y
.6.H in kJ/mol is:
(a) d>y and d yz orbitals (b) dx2 ,2 and d z 2 orbitals
(a) 845 (b)-890 (c)-281O (d)-2864
(c) d,y and d" orbitals (d) none 'ofthese
8. The standard emf of the cell, set-up from the reaction,
17. The equation E = hv indicates that:
2Cu+(aq.) ~ 2
Cu(s) + Cu +(aq.)
(a) photons have both particle and wave nature
is 0.36 V at 298 K The standard free energy in kJ/mol for this . (b) photons are waves
reaction is: (c) photons are stream of particles
(a) 34.73 (b) 69.46 (c) - 3473 Cd) - 6946 (d) no such inference can be drawn from the given equation
9. When the reaction is first order in A and zero order in B, rate 18.· In which of the following conditions, the density of N z IS
constant is: maximum?
(a) (b/l - ~Iln
t) [A]I
(a) STP
(c) 546 K and I atm
(b) 273 K and 2 atm
(d) 546 K and 2 atm
 I
liT ENTRANCE TEST PAPER$ 973

19. A sample of natural ga;:; contains 85% CH4 and 15% C 2 H6 . 22. The greatest ionic character of compounds formed by reaction
."
What is the molecular mass of the mixture? of pairs of'·the listed elements would be exhibited by the
(a) 16.6 (b) 26.6 (c) 30.6 (d) 20.6 compound with the formula, M 2Q.
20. Match the List-I and List-II: 23. TheJ 2 + ion is coloure<;t and has an electronic configuration of

J
li,2i 2 p 6,3i 3p6 3d 7.
(A) Th, limit~:-;H
buffer solution.
v,l"" (1) 5 X ~:_I-~-'­ 24; The carbonate of compound H is insoluble in water.
25. Element R is a gas at room temperature.
26. ~lement T is an inert gas with an electronic configuration
(B) The [H 3 0r concentration (ii) Equal Is2,2s2 2p6,3s2 3p6 3d JO ,4s2 4p6.
in 0.001 M Ba(OHh
20 cm 3 ofa gaseous element X reacts with excess ofan element Y
solution.
to form 40 cm 3 of a gaseous compound of X and Y All volumes
(C) IThe buffer capacity of a (iii) 1st order reaction are measured under the same conditions of temperature and
solution is maximum when pressure.
conc. of salt to that acid is: Select whether the following statements are True or False.
(D) Hydrolysis of ethyl acetate (iv) pK a ± 1 True (a) False (b)
in acidic solution.
27. Molecule of X contains at least two ""atoms of X.
Codes: XA)- (Bf (C) (D) 28. The formula of the compound formed is XY.
(a) . IV 11 111 . 29. Molecules of X cannot consist of more than two atoms.
(b) iv III ii 30. X is less dense than the compound of X and Y.
(c) IV ii 111 31. Y is less dense than the compound of X and Y.
(d) iv i 11 11l Assertion-Reason Type Questions:
21. MatchtheList-IandList-II: In the questions 32 to 36, statements are given for Assertion(A)
and Reason (R). Choose the correct answers from. the codes
List-I List-II given below:
(A) Rate constant has the same (i) One (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct
unit as the rate of reaction. explanation of (A).
(B) Reactions having apparent (ii) Zero order (b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct
. explanation of (A). .
molecularity more than reaction
three. (c) (R) is correct but (A) is wrong.
(d) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
(C) ,Reactions having mole- (iii) Complex reaction
32. (A) In hydrogen spectrum (6569 A) line is observed in
cularity two but order of , Balmar series.
reaction is one. I (R) Balmar lines are found in ultraviolet region.
(D) For a reaction, A -7 B, the (iv) Pseudo unimol- 33. (A) All Arrhenius acids are also Bronsted acids.
rate of reaction doubles as ecular reaction . (R) All Bronsted bases are also Lewis bases.
the concentration of A is 34. (A) All p-orbitals are directional.
J . doubled.

Codes:
.

(A) (B)
._-1-_ _._. _ _ _ _ _ __

(C) (D)
(R) p-orbitals are oriented along axes.
35. (A) 0.1 M NaCl + 0.05 M HCI solution on mixing in equal
volume forms a buffer solution.
(a) ii IV 1\1
(R) The solution is a' mixture of salt and acid thus act as a
(b) \1 iii IV buffer.
(c) 11l ii iv i 36. (A) Number of revolution per second by an electron is same
(d) ii IV i III in all shells. .
v
The diagram below shows par!,rOf the skeleton of the periodic (R) Orbital frequency'" - .
table ill which elements are indicated by letters which are not . 2rcr
their usual symbols. Questions with more than one correct options:
37. The substance(s) which can act as oxidising as well as
reducing agent is/are:
(a) H2 0 2 (b) 0 3
(c) NH2 - NH2 (d) RN0 3
38. Which of ti,t: :Jllowing statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) The electronic configuration ofCr is [Ar] 3d 5 , 4s1 .
(b) The magnetic quantum number may have a negative value.
Seleci whether the following statements are True or False: (c) In silver, 23 electrons have clockwise spin and 24
True (a) False (b) electrons have anticlockwise spin.
(d) The oxidation number of N in N 3H is -3.
974 G.R.B. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS

39. Loss of a l3-particle is equivalent to: 46. Match the Column-! with Column-II:
(a) increase in number of protons by one.
(b) decrease in number of neutrons by one
Column-I ! Column-fl
(c) change in atomic mass by one unit
(a) Ide Broglie equation ICP)
(d) none of the above
40. Following curve shows the energy spectrum of l3-particles in I I
.(b) !Lyman series I(q)
the figure:
Ii '
I
(c) iWavelength associate~(r) Transition from higher,
16 With particle of mass m : shell to K -shell
1 I
(d) 16.6XIO-19 Jenergyper I(S) Ultraviolet radiation
:rl 12 !photon :
<3
t , ------~--,-----------
ro
a. 8
'5
.2l 6
(a) (lJ ® @ ®
E 4 ~) ~ ® @ @
:;::l'
Z (c) ~- 8' @ @r
---+-
o 0.2 l 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
fd:) (lJ ® @ ®
Energy of particles in MeV - - Match the Column-! with Column-I1:
47.
The curve indicates: , I i ,. ,
(a) 13- rays spectrum is continuous ::.~_:+" ,~-Column.L.... __ +___~_-,-~olumn~.-,-,_ _
(b) different l3-partic1es (emitted) have different energies (a) IMn j(p) Radius ratio (0.732-1)
(c) the energy spectrum ofl3-particles of all the elements is the
(b) IBody-centred cubic (q) Hexagonal close-
,
same ,

(d) no l3-particle has energy more than I MeV,

I packed
41. Maximum velocity of a liquid up to which its flow is stream (c) IABC ABC ABC I(r) Packing (0.68)
line is called critical velocity. The critical velocity of a liquid (d) !Be l(s) Number of constituent
depends upon: . i i . units in one unit cell (1)
(a) coefficient of viscosity (b) radius of the tube ---L-
(c) density of the liquid (d) mass of the tube
42. When a liquid solidifies, generally, there is: ((lI!) «fp {S»
(a) decrease in enthalpy (b) decrease in entropy ~1In) ~ 8
(c) increase in enthalpy (d) increase in entropy «~» «fp @ID>
43. Which of the. following set(s) of chemical compounds is/are f}) .~
t/<dI))
used as semipermeable membrane?
(a) .calcium phosphate, cellulose nitrate
(b) calcium phosphate, copper ferrocyanide 48. 75.2 gof,C 6 H,COOH is dissolved in a kg of benzene to lower
(c) cellulose nitrate, topper ferrocyanide its freezing point by 7 K.. Kr for benzene is 14 K kg mol-!_
(d) copper ferrocyanide, copper sulphate
, Calculate the percentage association when it forms a dimer.
44. For the depression in freezing point. The correct statement(s) .
is/are:
(a) The vapour pressure of pure solvent is more than that of
solution.
•~
•
~
\'Ill
~
(j)
~
(b) The vapour pressure of pure solvent is less than that of 0 0 0 e
solution.
(c) Only solute molecules solidify at the freezing point.
(d) Only solvent molecules solidify at the freezing point.
@l
~
@)
~.
••~
~
~
45. For exact determination of molecular mass: ~ ~ @) ~
(a) solute must be vohitile ®l (@j) ~ til
(b) solution must be very dilute. @J) ((/f;) C'J!j; I/J])
(c) solution must be of similar components
~ ~ ~ ~
(d) solute must not be dissociated or associated
~ @'j ~ ,®
 I
fiT ENTRANCE TEST PAPERS 975
x 1000 [Hint: q=600J,IJ.V 12 2 10L,P latm'
[Hint: IJ.T "" i x KJ x --"'---
me x wA W -PIJ.V -lxlOxlO1.3=-lOl3J
. 14 x 1000
7 =IX x75.2
-- -- IJ.U=q+w=600-1013 -413J]
122 x LOOO Predict whether the following statements are TruelFalse:
i "" 0.81 50. For mixing of tWo ideal gases at 25°C and 1 atm, AGmix = O.
1- i 1- 0.81 = 0.38 (a) True (b) False
a --
I lin 1 1/2 51. For mixing of two ideal gases at 25°C and 1 atm, AS mix = 0.
Percentage association =a x 100 38] . (a) True (b) False
52. Isobaric thermal coefficient of an ideal gas is 'R'.
49. A sample of gas present in a cylinder fitted with a frictionless
(a) True (b) False
piston expands against a constant pressure of 1 atm from a
53. The criterion for the spontaneity of a process is IJ.S system> O.
volume of 2 L to 12 L. During this process, it absorbs 600 J
heat from its surroundings. Calculate the decrease in the (a) True (b) False'
internal energy of the system in joule. 54. The radioactive element undergoes complete decay in twice of

•
halflife.
@ @ @ (a) True (b) False
Q)
0)
Q)
0) •
0)
Q)
(2)
Q)
®
Q}

•
Q)
®
•
®
6) ~ ~ Gil
(ti) @ @ @
Q) Q) OJ) (J).
@; I@ ~ @
~ @ ~ (f)

[.A~
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (a)
9. (c) 10. (e) 11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (a) 16. (b)
17. (d) 18. (b) 19. (a) ~. 20. (d) 21. (b) 22. (b) 23. (b) 24. (b)
25. (b) 26. Ca) 27. (b) 28. (a) ·29. (b) 30. (b) 31. (b) 32. (d)
33. (d) 34. (a) 35. (b) 36. (c) 37. (a, b, e) 38. (a, b, c) 39. (a, b) 40. (a, b)
41. (a, b, c) 42. (a, b) 43. (a, b, c) 44. (a, d) 45. (b, d) 46. (a-p,q) (b-r,s) (c-p,q) (d-r,s)
47. (a-s l :b-p,r)(c-q)(d-q) 50. (a) 51- (b) 52. (a) 53. (b) :'4. (b)
976 I G.R.B. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS

liT ENTRANCE TEST PAPERS

SECTION-I SECTION-II
REASONING APTITUDE SELECT CORRECT ALTERNATIVE
(For liT & AIIMS Aspirants) AMONG THE GIVEN OPTIONS '
The questions given below (1 to 10) consist of an' Assertion' (A) in col- (For AIEEE & Medical Entrance Aspirants)
umn (I) and 'Reason' (R) in column (2). Use the following keys to.
choose the appropriate answer: . 11. Pick out the pair in which the energy change of one is reverse of
the energy change in the other:
(a) If both assertion and reason are correct and reason is the correct ex-
(1) radio (2) fluorescent lamp (3) toaster (4) photoelectric cell
planation of the assertion.
WI~2 ~2~3 ~2~4 ~3~4
(b) Ifbothassertionandreason are correct but reason is not correct ex-
12. Consider the following statements about first orderreaction:
planation of the assertion,
(I) The rate of reaction is directly proportional to the
(c) If assertion IS eorrect but reason is ineom'r;t.
concentration of the reactant.
(d) If assertion is incorrect but reason is correct.
(2) Its halflife period is always constant.
i--'-~;ertion (Column 1)' r---;:~-(c;lumn 2) ',1 (3) Concentration of reactant falls exponentially.
(4) It has low activation energy.
11.
!
Noble gases can be
,
lique~ed. -- !Attractiveforces can ~-;be~
Itween non-polar molecules.
Of these statements:'·
(a) 1,'3 and 4 are correct (b) 1,2 and 4 are correct
I 2. BOiling. point of a solvent increas-IThe boiling point of a liqUidl' (c) 1, 2 and 3 are correct (d) 2, 3 and 4 are correct
I es when a non-volatile solute is1is the temperature at which 13. Which one of the following is the correct order of energies of
dissolved in it vapour pressure of a liquid 3p, 34, 4s and 4p orbitals as per Autbau principle?
I equals the vapour pressure 0 (a) 3p<3d<4s<4p . (b) 3p<4s<3d<4p
I the atmosphere. (c) 3d<4s<4p<3p (d) 3d<3p<4p<4s
3. A mixture of sodium acetate and A buffer solution reacts 14. In the emission line spectra of hydrogen atom, how many lines
, sodium propionate forms a buffe with small' quantities of hydro- can be accounted for by all possible electron transitions between
solution. Igen or hydroxyl ions and keeps five lowest energy levels within the atom?
the pH almost same. ! (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) 20
4. The pressure of a fixed amount o~Ideal gas molecules neither at-I 15. In a closed container at 1 atm pressure, 2 mole of S02(g) and 1
an ideal gas is proportional to its tract nor repel each other. i mole of 0z(g) were allowed to react to form S03(g) under the
temperature at constant volume. . I'
influence of a catalyst The following reaction occurred:
2S0 2(g) + 02(g) ~ 2S0 3(g)
5. In a radioactive disintegration, an Electrons are always present in-
At equilibrium it was found that 50% of SOz (g) was converted to
electron is emitted by the nucleus: side the nucleus.' I S03(g). The partial pressure of0 2 (g) at equilibrium will be:
6. The ratio CplC v for a diatomic The moleculesofamonoatomic' (a) 0.66 atm (b) 0.493 atm (c) 0.33 atm (d) 0.2 atm
gas is more than that for a gas have less degrees of free-I 16. The electronic eonfiguration 1.1'2, 2i2/, 3s 1 describes which one
inonoatomic gas. . dom than those of adiatomic
j of the following?
gas. I (a) An excited state of fluorine atom
7. Many endothermic reactions that Entropy of the system increases I .(b) The ground state of neon
are not spontaneous at room tem- with increase in temperature. .
(c) The excited state of 0 2-
perature, become spontaneous at
high temperature, (d) The' ground state of fluoride ion F
17. When acetone and chloroform are mixed, hydrogen bonding
. 8. No two electrons in an atom can No two electrons in an atom can takes place between them; such a liquid pair will cause:
\'I hay:, the same values offour qUan-lbe simultaneously in the samei (.a) positive deviation from Raoult's law
tum numbers. shell, subshell, orbitals and
(b) negative deviation from Raoult's law
have same spin.
(c) no deviation from Raoult's law
9. In radioactive disintegrations, Binding energy of zHc3 is more
! . (9) cannot be predicted
\ 4
18. A maxima or minima obtained in the temperature. Composition
! zHe nuclei can come out of the than that of zHe4 .
nucleus but lighter 2 He3 carmol. . curve of a mixture of two liquids indicates:
(a) that the liquids are immiscible with one another
I,10. A crystal having fcc structure is Packing fraction for fcc struc- (b) that the liquids are partially miscible at the maximum or
, more closely packed than a crystal ture is double than that of bccl minimum
I' having bcc structure.
L._.•. _ •• _ . __.._ .... __ ~_ .. _ .. _. _ ..:~_ .. _ (c) an azeotropic mixture
(d) a eutectic formation
 I
liT ENTRANCE TEST PAPERS. 977
19. The electrode reactions for charging ofa lead battery are: 31. An electron in Ihe p-orbital has an orbital angular momentum of:
PbS0 4 + 2e Pb + SO~- (a) -Ii h (b) -lih (c) !!.- (d) h
211: 11:211
PbS0 4 + 2H zO Pb0 2 + soi- ~ 4H+ +2e
32. An electron of ,elocity 'v' is found to have a certain value of de
. The electrolyte in the battery is an aqueous solution of H 2S0 4, Broglie wavelength. The velocity to be possessed by a neutron to
After this battery has been charged: have the same d(' Broglie wavelength is:
(a) the sulphuric acid will be more concentrated (a) 1840v (b) vll840 (c) v (d) 1840lv
(b) the sulphuric acid will be less concentrated 33. van 't Hoff factor for a dilute aqueous solution of HeN is 1.00002.·
(c) the concentration of H 2S0 4 will be unchanged The percentage of dissociation of the acid is:
(d) H 2S0 4 will have been completely decomposed (a) 2 x 10-5 (b) 1 x 10-5 (c) 2 X 10-3 (d) I x 10-3
20. At 291 K, the molar conductivity at infinite dilution of NH 4Cl,
34. The average life of a radioactive element is 10 minute. In 10
NaOH, NaCI are 129.8, 217.4, 108.9 ohm- l cm 2 mol- l minute what percentage of a radioactive element will decay?
respectively. If the molar conductivity of centinormal solution of (a) 50% (bl 63.21% (c) 75% (d) 100%
NH 40H is 9.33 ohm- 1 cm 2 mol-I, what is the percentage
35. Which of the following corresponds to zero order reaction')
dissociation ofNH40H at this dilution?

~ r-.
(a) 0.392 (b) 39.2 (c) 3.92 (d) 0.039
21. Through molten AICI 3 , a charge equal to the charge ofl mole
N 3- warLpassed. V.oJume ofel2 evolved at anode wilL be:
i
Q)
i
(a) 22A.litre (b) 67.2 litre (c) 33.6litre (d) 11.2 litre (a) 1i5 (b) 2(Il
rr: rr:
22. The rate constant of a reaction will be ecjual to pre-exponential
factor when:
(a) temperature in centigrade is zero Time- Time-
(b) absolute temperature is zero
~(c}absolute temperature is infinity
(d) no suitable answer i
23. The energy levels of A, Band C of certain atoms correspond to (c) 2(Il (d) None of these
increasing values of energy, i.e., rr:
<<Ec
If AI' A2 and A3 are wavelengths C to B, B to A and C to 'A
respectively; which of the following relation is correct? 36. The equilibrium constant Kp for the reaction,
(a) A3 = Al + A2 (b) A3 = AIA2/(A1 + A2) X(g) + Y(g) ~ Z(g)
(c) Al + A2 + A) 0 (d) A~ = A~ + A~
is found to vary with temperature in the diagram as shown:
24. A stationary hydrogen atom emits a photon corresponding to the
first line of Lyman series. What velocity does the atom acquire?
(a) 3.25 mlsec (b) 2.35 mlsec

25.
(c) 3.52 mlsec (d) 5.23 mlsec
Which of the following transitions. is not allowed in the normal
i
elec~,vu;," spectrum of an atom?
(a) 2p ~ Is (b) 3d ~ 2p (c) 5p ~ 3s (d) 2s ~ Is
26. How many spectral lines can be observed when an excited
electron returns from 7th to 2nd shell? 11T -
(a) 10 (b) 15 (c) 20 (d) 14 (a) The reaction is exothermic in forward reaction
27. Two lines of Balmer series ofhydrogert are 486.1 and 410.2 nm. (b) The equilibrium mixture contains a high proportion of Z at
If the difference of wave numbers of these lines corresponds to higher pressure
the wave number of a line in the series, to which of following (c) The equilibrium mixture contains a high proportion of Z at
series does the line belong? high temperature
(a) Brackett (b) Paschen (c) Pfund (d) Humphrey (d) The equilibrium is unaffected by addition of inert gas
28. For a third order reaction, half life is given as: 37. Helium was discovered in sun's atmosphere by analysing:
I I 2
(a) Mayer hoff bands (b) Fraunhofer lines
(a) t112 oc (b) t112 oc (c) t1/ 2 oc a (d) t112 oc a
a (c) spectrum (d) spectrometer
29. What specific name can be given to the following sequence of steps? 38. For an ideal solution of miscible components:
Hg+hv~Hg*
~Smix = R z: n210gxI
* H2~Hg+ Hz *
(a) ~S!I'ix IS a negative quantity
H2*~2H
(a) Photosensitization (b) Photosorption (b) t.S mix is a positive quantity
(c) Phosphorescence (d) Chemiluminescence (c) t.S mix is zero
30. If the tetrahedral sites in a ccp array of negative ions (B) were half (d) t.S mix is sometimes negative and sometimes positive
filled with cations (A), the empirical formula of the compound 39. Specific conductance of a conductivity solution:
will be: (a) increases with dilution
(a) A2B) (b) AzB (c) AB2 (d) AB (b) decreases with dilution
978 G. A.B. PHYSICAl CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS

(c) is independent of concentration (a) Eco > EN2

(d) depends upon the cell constant (b) Eco < ~2
40. In the oxide of a compound 'A', oxide ions are arranged in (c) Eco = EN2
hexagonal close packing and A 3+ ions occupy two-thirds of the
(d) Cannot be predicted unless volumes of the gases are given
octahedral voids. What is the formula of corundum?
50. On the basis of Hardy-Schulze rule, which of the following
(a) AO (b) Ap (c) A20 3 (d) A0 2
sequences represents the coagulating power of cations?
41. Spinel structure is shown by:
(a) Ba 2+ > AI 3+ >Na+ (b) Ba2+ >Na+ >AI 3+
(a) MgAl204 (b) ZnAl 20 4 (c) MgFep4 (d) all of these
42. Which of the following atomic orbitals does not have the four (c) AJ3+ >Na+ >Ba2+ (d) A1 3+ >Ba 2+'>Na+
lobes lying symmetrically between the axial directions? 51. Adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas is accompanied by:
(a) 3dr), (b) 3dxz , (c) 3dyz , "\::'~ (d) 3dx2 _ i (a) increase in temperature
43. The degree of dissociation (a) of a weak electrolyte ArBy is (b) decrease in toS
related to van't Hoff factor' i' by expression: , (c) decrease in M
i i i-1
(a) a = (b) a = - - - (d) no change in anyone of the above properties
x+y-l x+y+1 52. For a cyclic process, which of the following is not true?
(e)
x+ I
a = - ,.-=--- (d) a = x ~ y+I (a) W = 0 (b) toE = 0 (c) Mi 0 (d) toG =0
1-1 1-1 53~ -- Radius of nucleus is related to the mass number'A'by:

44. The solubility of mercurous chloride in water will he:given as: -(a')-R=RoAII2 - ---(b)R:::i: RoA
(a) S (b) S = Ksp/4 (c) R = RoA2 (d) R RoAj/3
(c) S (Ksp/4)112 (d) S = (Ksp/4)113 54. A catalyst:
45. The activation ener~i.~s of two reactions are EOI and Eat' If the (a) increases the average kinetic energy of molecules
temperature of"the:reacting systems is increased from T j to (b) increases the activation energy
predict which of the following alternatives is correct? --(cl alters the reaction mechanism
(d) increases the frequency of collisi0ns of reacting species
(a) (b) k; > k; 55. A chemist wishes to prepare a buffer solution of pH =3.85 that
kl k2 kj k2
efficiently resists changes in pH yet contains only small
(c) < (d)
k;
-
k;
< 2-"-
concentration of the buffering agents. Which one ofthe following
kj k2 kl k2 weak acids together with its sodium salt would be best to use?
I
where, k;
and k;
are rate constants at higher temperature. (a) m-chlorobenzoic acid (PKa =3.98)
46. In a cubic unit cell, seven of the eight corners are occupied by (b) p -chlorocinnamic acid (PKa =4.41)
atoms 'A' and centres of faces are occupied by atoms' B'. The (c) 2,5-hydroxybenzoic acid (pKa 2.97)
general formula of the compound is: (d) Aceto-acetic acid (PKu = 3.58)
(a) A j B6 (b) A7Bl2 (c) A j B24 (d) A24B7 56. For coordination number 4, the geometry that is not possible is:
47. The rate law ofa reaction of 'A' and 'B', (a) trigonal planar . (b) tetrahedral
rat~ =k [A nB]m (c) irregular tetrahedral (d) trigonal pyramidal
57. The rate constant, the activation energy and the Arrhenius
may be determined by plotting tll2 versus [A]o (plot 1) and rate
parameter of a chemical reaction at 25°C are 3 x 10-4 sec-1, 104.4
versus time for 'B' (plot 2).
kJ mol- 1 and 6 x 10 14 'sec- 1 respectively. The value of rate
constant as T --7 00 is:
(a) 2 x 10 18 S-1 (b) 6 X 1014
(c) infinity (d) 3.6 x 1030
58. Emission of one 'a' and two 'W particles successively from an
element forms:
(a) isotope of parent element (b) isobar of parent element
(c) isotone of parent element (d) isomer of parent element
59. Fraction of the total volume occupied by atoms in a simple cube
[A]o- Time--
IS:
(plot 1) (plot 2)
(a) n: (b) .[3n: (c) /in: (d) .:::
The rate Jaw superscripts, 'n' and' m' are: 2 8 6 6
(a) 0,0 (b) 0,1 (c)J,O (d) J, I 60. Which of the following statements is wrong?
48. For Is-orbital of hydrogen?' the radial electron probability has a (a) Crystalline solids are optically anisotropic
maximum value at: ' (b) Glass is amorphous solid
(a) 0.1 A (b) OAO A (c) 0.53 A (d) 2.1 A (c) There are 14 Bravais lattices
49. Which of the following expressions correctly represents the
(d) There are only 10' crystal symmetries,
relationship between average kinetic energy of CO and N2
molecules at the same temperature?
 liT ENTRANCE TEST PAPERS I 979

~
61; Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

(a)
Experimental observation
X-ray spectra
Phenomenon
Charge on the nucleus
1 i
(b) a-particle scattering Quantized electron orbit (a) 0- (b) 0-
Ol Ol
(c) Emission spectra Quantization of energy ..Q ..Q
(d) The photoelectric effect The nuclear atom
logV __ logV - -
62. Arrangement of the following group of orbitals in which they fill
with electrons:
.1
~\
(5j, 6p, 4p, 68, 4d, 4 j)
(a) 4p,4d,6s,4j,6p,5j (b) 6s,4d,4j, ,4p,6p (c) 0- (d)
(c) 6s,4p, 4d, 4j, 5j, 6p (d) 4d,4p,4f ~f, 65, 6p Ol
..Q
63. 1t 0 meson is exchanged between:
(a) proton and neutron
logV - - log V - -
(b) proton and proton
71. When mercuric iodide is added to aqueous solution ofK1:
(c) neutron and neutron
(a) freezing point is raised
(d) may be oefWeen tw6 protons or two neutrons
(b) freezing point does not change
64. Ifnucleons in an excited state fall toa lower'energy level, energy (c) freezing point is lowered
is emitted as:
(d) boiling point does not change
(a) a-rays (b) r3-rays (c) y-rays (d) X-rays 72. The van der Waals' constant 'b' for water vapour is 0,03 litre
65. Minimum amount of energy required to remove a proton is mol-I. The radius of water vapour molecule is: .
approximately:
(a) 1.448 em (b) 1.448 A (c) 1.448 pm (d) 1.448 run
(a) 2 MeV (b) 4 MeV (c) 6 MeV (d) 8 MeV
1l6: Mark the incorrect statemerit:
Ca) Semiconductors are basically insulator
73. For a reaction A ~c , the overall rate constant is related to
k2 B .
(b) In metal crystaltonduction occurs because molecular orbitals individual rate constants by:
extend over the whole crystal .and there is no energy gap
(a) k =!-1 -.k2 (b) kllk2 (c) kIk2 (d) kl + k2
between filled and unfilled molecular orbital
74. N 20 S decomposes to N 20 4 and 02 as:
(c) Mobile electrons account for high thermal and electrical
condw.:tion of metals N 20 S -----7 NP4 + ~02
(d) When a metal is heated with a non-metal, the resulting The pressure ~ at any stage is related to Po and 'x', the fraction of
compound is never an ionic compound dissociation, as:
67. Given: 1
(a) Po (b) (1 + - x) Po
(i) NH)(g) + 3CI 2(g) -----7 NCI 3 (g) + 3HCI(g); lili 1 . 2
3' 3
(ii) Nz(g) + 3H2(g)-----7 2NH 3(g); tili z (c) 1 - - Po (d) xPo
2 2
(iii) H 2(g) + CI 2(g) 2HCI(g); Ml3
Express the enthalpy offormation of NCI 3(g)(LVi f) in terms of SECTION III
MI') , tili 2 and
3 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
(a) /!J{f = LVi) +-tili)
r 2 2 (For liT, AUMS and BHU Medical Entrance)
(b) tilif =Mi 1 +"2I tili2 - 3
2 LVi3 This section includes those questions in which two or more options may
be correct. Few of them have single correct choice.
I 3
(c) lilif = tili1 -"2 tiliz "2 tili3 75. An ideal gas:
I 3 (a) has no intermolecular attraction
(d) LVif = tili 1 + - tili2 + - LVi (b) molecules do not collide with each other
2 2
(c) the product of P and V is constant at a fixed temperature for
68. A spontaneous process may be defined as:
defmite mass
(a) a process which is exothermic and evolves a lot of heat
(d) can be liquefied easily
(b) a process which is slow and reversible
76.. Extensive properties among the following is/are:
(c) a process which takes place only in presence of a catalyst
(a) refractive index (b) volume
(d) a process that occurs wit.hout any input from the surroundings
(c) dens,ity (d) mass
69. In the sequence of reaction,
77. \Vhich of the following statements regarding equilibrium is lare
kl k2 k3
L~M N~O
true?
(a) Equilibrium constant varies with temperature
k3 >k2 >kl (b) Equilibrium constant varies with catalyst
The rate determining step of the reaction is: (c) The reaction stops when the equilibrium is reached
(a) L -----7 M (b) M N (c) N 0 (d) L ~ 0 (d) The equilibrium constant depends on the concentration of
70. The plot of log V against log Pat constant temperature for a fixed reactants
mass of gas is:
980 G, A.B. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS

78. When mercuric iodide is added to aqueous KI solution: (c) The time in which 63.2% element decays is called average life
(a) freezing point is raised (b) osmotic pressure is raised . (d) None of the above
(c) boiling point is elevated (d) vapour pressure is raised 89. Which of the following statements are correct?
79. T:le correct statements are: (a) 1 faraday is the charge of I mole electron.
(a) Smoke is carbon dispersed in air (b) 1 faraday is used to deposit I g equivalent of a substance.
(b) Butter is water dispersed in fat (c) 5.6 htre 02 will be evolved at STP by 1 faraday charge.
(c) Greater is the valency of ion more will be its coagulating (d) 11.2 litre CI 2 will be evolved at STP by 1 faraday charge.
power 90. Select the species having zero oxidation state at the underlined
(d) More is the gold number of a lyophobic sol, more is elements:
protecting power (a) (CH 3 h§0 (b) ~12H2PlI (e) Hz §P3 (d) !:'bH4
80. Select the correct statements among the following:
91. PCIs(g) ~ PCI 3 (g) + CI 2(g)
. (a) Order can be zero,
(b) Order cannot have fractional value, 'a' is the degree of dissociation of PCIs at equilibrium pressure
( c) Order is a theoretical quantity, 'P'. Which ,among the following is the correct expression for
(d) Ordcr is equal to molecularity for decomposition of N 20 S
degree of dissociation of'a'?
giving NP4 and 02'
81. Rate law for a chemical reaction is: (b)
Rate =k[A ]1I2[B]1
Choose the correct options among the following:
(a) Order of the reaction is 3/2. 92. In Wilson Cloud Chamber, the track is formed by:
(a) a-rays (b) f}-rays (c) y-rays (d) all of these
(b) Unit of its rate constant is litre1i1 mol- 1/2 sec-I,
93. Select the correct relation:
(c) Unit ofrate is mollitre-lsec- 1, (a) No:= N . 1O~(12.303
(d) Its molecularity is always 3.
82. Liquid benzene burns in oxygen according to: (c) NoN 102~03( (d) N = Noe'-~·(
2C~l\; + 1502 ---7 12COl + 6Hp 94. For the first order reaction, t99% = x X t90%,
If density of liquid benzene is 0.88 g/cc, what volume of 02 at the value of ,x' will be:
STP is needed to complete the combustion of 39 cc of liquid (a) 10 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) 2
benzcne?
95. Which among the following has same kinetic energy as 02 gas at
(a) lL2litre (b) 74 litre (c) 0.074 m 3 (d) 37 dm 3 NTP?
83. For the reaction; (a) H2 (b) N2 (c) CO 2 (d) Npne ofthese
N 2H 4 (l) + 2HP2(1) ---7 N 2 (g) + 4H 20(g) 96. Which among the following is correct about y-rays? .
heats of formation of N 2H 4, H 20 2, Hp are 12, 45 and -'57.8 (a) High energy electrons .
kcal' mol-I. Internal energy change for this reaction is/are at (b) Low energy electrons
298 K: (.c) High energy electromagnetic waves
(a) -153.2 kcal mo 1- 1 (b) - 641.142 kJ mol- 1 (d) High energy positrons
(c) -24.8 kcal mol- 1 (d) -309 kcal mol- 1 97. The RMS speed at NTP of a gas can be calculated from the
expression:
84. Which of the following electrolytes have same osmotic pressure
as that of 0.1 M KCl? (a) .J3Pld (b) .J3PV I M(c) .J3RT I M (d) )3d1P
(a) 0.1 MHCI (b) 0.1 ,.w:NaCl 98. The graph representing Boyle's law is(are):
(c) 0.1 MCsCI (d) None of these

~ ~
85. Select the correct statements about the following reaction:
N 2 (g) + 3H 2 (g) 2NH 3 (g); Ml =-22.4 kcal mol- 1
i I
(a) Increase in pressure will favour forward reaction. (a) (b) a..
(b) Addition of inert gas forms more NH 3. > Ol
Q
(c) At low temperature, there is forward shift.
(4) Catalyst will increase the amount ofNH 3. p-- log V _
86. Which ainong the follo""ing is/are correct about penetrating

(O)!;~
power?
(a) a-rays are less penetrating than f}-rays.
(b) ~ -rays are less penetrating !ban y-rays. (d)
i
(c) a,~, y rays have equal penctrating power. >
a..
(d) Y!re.ys are most penetrating. I .
87. Select the natural series among the following: p-- p-'
(a) (411 + 1) -t/
(b) (4n 2) (c) 4n (d) (4n + 3)
99. For diatomic molecules; tue correct relation is/are:
88. Select the correct conclusion(s) about average life:
(a) Average life 1/), (a) C p X R (b) C v == YL. R (c) y := 1.4 (d)C p =~ R
(b) Average life = 1.44 x tll2
 liT ENTRANCE TE~~: Pi.\,"'ERS 981

j no. Which of the following aqueous solutions produce the same (c) 0.6 g urea in 100 mL solution
osmotic pressure? (d) 1.0 g of a non-electrolyte solute in 50 mL solution (Molar
(a) 0.1 M NaCl solution mass 200)
(b) 0.1 M glucose solution

[A~i with H:intsfor -Selected Questions -----j

SECTION I 24. (a) 25. (d)
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (c) 26. (b) 112 7, n, 2
6. (d) Degree of freedom = 311 No. of lines
where, n = no. of atoms in the molecule. 2
7. (b) At high temperature, Ttl S > tlH
.. tlG = tlH - T!1S ve 2
5x6
and process will be spontaneous. 15
2
8. (a) 27. (c) The difference fall in far infrared series.
9.(0) Binding energy has no role in emission of a-particle. 111 p
I
ratio determInes the mode of emission. ' " 28. (b) t1l2 oc a" ' where, n = order of reaction.
4 [, HI ]----:-7 zHe4 + 2 [+1 eO ] + Energy-
29. (al
10. (c) Packing fracti,m (fc) = 74%
30. (d) Number of 'B' atoms == 11
Packing fraction (bee) == 67.9%
Number of tetrahedral void = 211
2n
Number of 'A' atoms = - == 11
, 2
R.ate ~'k 'fAll (for first order) A:B n:n==1:-i
0.693 Formula=AB
t 1i2 -- == constant
k
31. (b) Orbital angular momentum =.Jl(l+l) ~
13. (b) Lower the value of (n + f), lesser is the energy of orbital. . 2n
(no - Ill) (112 - n, + I) I for 'p' subshelL
14. (c) No. of lines = = - - - - - - - -
2 32. (b)
/12 higher shell i I
33. (c) a 11 2 for HCN
111 == IQwer shell n I.'
15. (d) PA ==x A xp==Y;xl=0.5atm, x A mole fraction 1.00002
0.00002
of 02' 2 1
16. (c)
% dissociation = 0.002
17. (b) Greater is the intermolecular force on more negative
will be the deviation P < P~XA + P~Xlf 34. (b)
Experimental vapour pressure will be less than calculated 35. (c) Rate of zero order reaction is constant.
vapour pressure. 36. (b) 37. (b) (b)
18. (c) Non-ideal solutions form low or high boiling azeotrope,
39. (b) Number of ion per unit volume'decreases on dilution
hence, maxima and minima in the curve are obtained.
40. (c)
19. (a)
41. AB 2 0 4 has spinel structure.
(d)
20. (c) A:, NH 4 0H = A:, NH4Cl + A:, NaOH A:, NaCl,
42. (d) 43. (a)
= 129.8 + 217.4 -108.9 H,,2+ + 2Cl-
44., (d) Hg 2 CJ 2
'" 238.3 ohm,-I cm 2 mol-I S
2
'5 2S

a = Alii = 9.33 = 0.03915 Ksp ][Cl- f = [S ][2Sf = 4S'

A% 238.3 45. (b) Use the relation,

21.
22.
(c)
% Ionization == 3.92

(c) k = Ae-EaIRT When T = 00, k Aeo A

loglO l~~J= 2.:~~R G
When
he he he
23. (b) =-+-
1i.3 AI A2
1 I I
-+- 46. (c)
A3 Al A2
47. (c) t IIi of first order reaction is constant (plot I).
A3 = AJ A2 0.693
[11"=--
A, + A2 - R
982 G.R. B. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS

Rate of zero order reaction is constant (plot 2).

Rate k [AJo
48. (c) 49. (c) 50. (d) V' =volume occupied by single molecule.
51. (c) Adiabatic expansion results into decrease in internal energy 73. (d)
and temperature of system.
74. (b) Nps(g) -----7 N204~g)+(X)02(g)
52. (d) 53. (d) t=O Po 0 0 .
54. (c) Catalyst forms new intermediate of either low or high At'r' po(l -xl Pox Po x 12

55. (a)
activation energy.
~ = po(l -. x) + Po x + Po2 x = Po (1 + ~)2
56. (a) Either square planar or tetrahedral geometry is possible.
SECTION III
57. (b) 58. (a) 59. (d) 60. (d)
75. (a, c) 76. (b, d) 77. (a, b)
61. (c) In emission spectra quantum of electromagnetic radiations
78. (a, d) KI reacts with Hglz to form Nessler's reagent. Number of
are released.
particles are lowered.
62 •. (a) 63. (d)
2KI + HgI2 -----7 K 2[HgI4 ]
64. (c) y-rays are evolved due to secondary effect of a, 13 emission. 8Q.· (a,9)
79. (a, b, c) 81. (a, b, c) 82. (b,c)
65. (a) 66. (d) 67•. (b) 68. (d) (a, b)
83. -----

69. (a) Slowest step is L M; it will be rate determining. 84. (a, b, c) van't Hoff factor will be same for the given electrolytes.
70. (b) 85. (a. b, c) 86. (a, b, d) 87. (b, c, d) 88. (a, b, c)
71. (a) HgI2 + 2KI K 2[HgI4 ] 89. (a, b, c, d) 90. (a, b) 91. (a) 92. (a, b)
93. (a, b, d) 94. (d) 95. (a. b. ~\ 96. (~\
Nessler's reagent K 2 [HgI4 J is formed which lowers the
overall number of particles in the solution. Thus, on mixing 97. (a, b, c) 9&. (a,h,~) _99. (a.b,_c) 100-(b, c,_d)
the two components freezing point will be raised.
 liT ENTRANCE TEST PAPERS 983

liT ENTRANCE TEST PAPERS

SERlE

------
(Graphical Aptitude)
1. A sample of 2 kg of helium (assumed ideal) is taken through the
process ABC and another sample of2 kg of the same gas is taken
j2J-- c

L
through the process ADC. Then the temperature of the states A
and B are: (Given, R == 8.3 joules/mol K)
i!!
~
fh To
i!! Po - b
Il. a I
I
I
I

Vo 4Vo
-----Volume -==....,..
(a) 3PoVo (b) 6RTo (c) 4.5RTo (d) 10.5RTo
5. A thermodynamic system consists of a cylinder-piston
I ..
arrangement with ideal gas in it. It goes from the state i to the state
·10 20 V(m~
f as shown in the figure. The work done by the gas during the
(a) TA =: 120.5 K, TB 120.5 K process:
-(b) fA 241 K, TB = 24TK-- -
(c) TA 120.5 K, T8 = 241 K
(d) TA =241K,TB =482K
2. An ideal diatomic gas is caused to pass through a cycle shown on
the P-V diagram in figure, where V2 = 3.00V j • If PI' VI and TI
i
specify the state I, then the temperature of the state 3 is:
(a) (T,/3)1.4 (b) TI 13L4
/
(c) T1/30.4 Cd) cannot be determined
Temperature -

t (a) is zero
(c) is positive
(b) is negative
(d) nothing can be predicted
6. A cyclic process ABCA is sho.wn in a V - T diagram. The
corresponding P- V diagram is:

3.
Volume-
A heat engine carries one mole of an ideal monoatomic gas
11 T7B
around the cycle as shown in the figure. Process 1 -7 2 takes place
at constant volume, process 2 -7 3 is adiabatic and process 3 -7 1
takes place at constant pressure. Then the amount of heat added in
> l",'A
the process 1 -7 2 is:
T-
2 T2 = 600 K p

(a)
A~: (b) P1 A~I
~

Volume- V V
P
(a) 3740 J (b) -3740 J (c) 1810 J (d) 3220 J
4. One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas is caused to go through the
P1
,cycle shown in figure. Then the change in the internal energy in
expanding the gas from ato calong the path abcis:
(c)

I
BLJ: . (d)
:GB
V V
'984 G.R.B. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS

7. The following are the P - V diagrams for cyclic processes for a (a) AB and BC (b) AB and CD
gas. In which of these processes heat is riot absorbed by the gas? (c) AD and BC (d) BC and CD
11. An ideal gas is taken around the cycle ABCAshown In P- V
diagram. The net work done by the gas during the cycle is equal
to: {BIll' i ()!).~:
P

B
4P 1

---~c
•
P
P v . Pl
.A: ' :
~
I

(d) OL----'------------L---~
(,) V~ 3V 1 ·V

(a) l2PYj (b) 6Pj V j · (c) 3Pj Vj (d) PIV I

12. An ideal monoatomic gas is taken round the cycle ABCDA as
v P shown in figure. The work done during cycle is:
8. The graph between P and V-ateonstant temperature should look
like:
P P

(a) (b)

OL-----~_ O~---------·
v v
P P I
(a) PV· (b) 2PV PV (c) (d) zero
2
13. Four curves A, B, C and D are drawn in figure for a given amount
(c) (d)
of gas. The curve which represents adiabatic and isothermal
.changes are:
o L=:::====-__ Pi
V v

,~~
9. In P V diagram shown below:
P A

oL-~~~-~+"
B \r------C

V
D
(a) C and D respectively (b) D and C respectively
E (c) A and B respectively (d) Band Arespectively
0-------....--V 14. A given mass of gas expands from the state A to the state B by
three paths 1,2 and 3 as shown in the figure. If WI' W2 and W3
(a) AB represents adiabatic process respectively be the work done by the gas along three paths then:
(b) AB represents isothermal process (CP\lT ]9(2)
(c) AB represents isobaric process p
(d)· AB represents isochoric process

A~
10. The pressure-volume graph of an ideal gas cycle is shown below.
The adiabatic process is described by:

B
O~--------.

(a) Wj > W2 > W3 (b) WI < W2 < W3

C
(c) Wj = W2 = W3 (d) WI < W2; WI < W3
0'---------·
V
 liT ENTRANCE TEST PAPERS 985
15. A thermodynamic process is shown in the following figure. The Cc) Curve of fusion of solids that contract on solidification
pressure and volumes corresponding to some points in the figure Cd) Curve of fusion of solids that do not change in volume upon
are: solidification -
PA 3 x 104Pa, VA 2 X 10-3 m 3 ; 19. Graph of specific heat at constant volume for a monoatomic gas
PH = 8 x 104Pa, VD 5 x 10-3 m3 is:
p
SR

(a) i
Cv
(b)
Cv
i
-T -T
o c-' - - - - - - . , - - - - - - i..... V

In process AB, 600 J of heat is added to the system and in the Cv

i
Cv
process BC, 200 J of heat is added to the systeQl. The change in
internal energy of the s),stem in the process A.C would be:
(CBSE 1992)
(c) r 3R/2 (d) i
Ca} -560 J -1b)80O'J(c)600 J (d) ,640J
16. In the pressure-volume diagram given below, the isochoric, -T -T
isothermal, isobaric and isoentropic parts respectively are:
20.
p
A

OL--------_
V
V
Ca) BA,AD,DC,CB (b) DC,CB,BA,AD
A cyclic process ABCD is shown in the P - V diagram_ Which of
(e) AB,BC,CD,DA (d) CD,DA,AB,BC
the follpwing ourves represents the same process?
17. Heat energy absorbed by a system in going through a cyclic
process shown in figure is: (AllMS 19(5) V

(b)

-;o-~
:§.
> 10 T

ADB
I I
- - - - - -,-. - - ~ 30 V
,10 ,
I ,
1
t
P(kPa)
I"
(d)
7
(a) 10 n J. (b) 104n J (c) 102n J (d) 1O-3n J
18. The pressure-temperature (P - T. ) phase diagram shown below D C
.corresponds to the: ICEE (Haryana) 19961 ..
p T T

21. A system is taken fj'om state A to B through three different paths

1, 2 and 3. The work dode is maximum in:, (CPMT 1997)
p

0'----------
T
Pi
(a) Curve of fusion of solids that expand on solidification
(b) Curve of sublimation of solids that directly go over to the
vapour phase v
 ~~:
986 G.R.B. ,PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS

( a) process 1 (b) process 2 (b) Its specific heat capacity is smaller in the solid state than in
(c) process 3 (d) equal in all processes the liquid stat. .
22. In the cyclic process shown on P - V diagram, the magnitude of (c) Its latent peat of vaporization is greater than its latent heat of
the work done is: fusion.
V (d) Its latent heat of vaporization is smaller than its latent heat of
fusion.
25. An ideal gas is taken from the state A (pressure P, volume V.) to
the slate B (pressure P12, voll.).me 2V ) along a straight line patL
in the P V diagr'ain. Select the wrong statement from the
following:
P
Po
..

(b) 1t (V2 ;Vl r

(d) 1t(P2V2 =P1V1)

23. A cyclic process is shown in the P - T diagram:

v 2V Vo V

(a) The work done by the gas in the process A to B exceeds the
. work that would be done by it if the system were taken from
B

Li
A to B along the isotherm .
t
p - . -
. (b) In the T - V diagram, the path AB becomes a part of parabola
(c) In the P - T diagram,' tlie path ABoecomes -a paft()f--
,
i ..
"
.

/( C . hyperbola
(d) In going from A to B, the temperature T of th~gas first
increases to. a maximum value and then decreases
o~------~------­
T--- 26. The .radioactive nucleus of an element X decays to a stable
nucleus of element Y. A graph of the rate offormation of Y against
Which of the curves shows the same process on a V - T diagram? time would look like:
V

(b)

..
T T 0
v v

y~
Y

(c) (d)
(c) (d)

T T 0
I .. 0
t
24. Heat is supplied to a certain, homogeneous sample of matter, at a
uniform rate. Its t~mperature is plotted against time, as shown. 27. In photoelectric effect the slope' of straight line graph between
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn? . stopping potential (Vo) and frequency of incident light (v) gives:

t Vo

I
.. __ v
lime-
(a) Its specific heat capacity is greater in the solid state than in (a) charge on electron
the liquid state. . (b) work function of emitter
 I
liT ENTRANCE TEST PAPERS· 987
(c) Planck's constant 2E--------,--------------------------
(d) ratio 6fPlanck'sconstant to charge on electron
28. The sloping potential as a function of frequency "f incident
radiation is plotted for two different photoelectric surfa.:es A and
B. The graphs show that the work function of A is: 4E/3--------r---~_,------~---------

A B
E--------~~----~~-----------------
Vo (a) A/3 (b) 3A/4 (c) 4)..13 (d) 3A
32. The ,maximum kinetic energy (Ek ) of the photoelectron varies
1 with frequency (v) of the incident light as shown by me curve:

__ v

(a) greater than that of B

(b) smaller than that of B
(c) same as that of B
. (d)--such~that no comparison can be done from given graphs
29.' Which of the following is the graph between the frequency (v) of
the incident radiations and the stopping potential? (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
33. The following graphs illustrate:

Vo
(a)-l· v

-v _v
t,
1/ /
. ,
"
-273°C. -TempfCI -Temp.(K)
Vo (a) Dalton's law , (b) Charles' law
(d) 1 34.
(c) Boyle's law
In the following graph:
(d) Gay-Lussac's law

-v -v t· 0
30. . Which of the following figures represents the variations of
particle momentum and associated de Broglie wavelength.? IE~C.
~B
c: I ..

~
p 'A. '.

(b) 1 Volume_
(a) 'A' represents isoehoric process
(b) 'B' represents adiabatic process
(c) 'C' represents isothermal process
_A. , (d) 'D' represents isobaric process
35. The variation of Am of acetic acid with concentration is correctly
represented by: .
P

(d) 1 (a) A
t [/ (b) ~m~
-I.; -A.
-JC -JC
31. The given figure indicates the energy levels of a certain atom.
When the sys.em moves from 2E level to E, a photon of
wavelength A is emitted. The wavelength of photon produced
during the transition from level4E 13 to level E is: ('; AtL (d/tL
-JC
I
988 I G.R.B. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS

36. Distribution of fraction of molecules with velocity is represented 40. This graph represents:
in the figure. Velocity corresponding to X is:
X
....o i
til
t
t1/2
c~
o
.-
::::J
(.l
~ Q)
u_
ro 0
at E! __ 1/a2 .

Veloeity- (a) first order reaction (b) zero order reaction

(c) secorid order reaction (d) third order reaction
(a)
M
pRT.
(b) (c)
nM
p:;
(d) none of thesepR.T 41. The efficiency of the reversible cycle shown in the given figure is:

37. CH 3COOH is neutralized by NaOH. Conductometric titration

tl
curve will be of the type: 200 K

'c:"
u

(a) tg'"
"0
c:.
8! 500 1000 J K-1
-Vol. of NaOH
Entropy -
QJ
'c:"
u
(a) 33.33% (b) 56% (e) 66% (d) 16.7% .
(C)tjc: ~
o.
(d) tJ 1\-- [Hint: Efficiency
Ai-ea bounded curve x 100J
Total area under the line BC
U L-............ _ __ 81'-----,-v-,-·o-,-l.-o-:f...,.N-a-=O H 42. Which' of the following eurves represents the chemical
-Vol. of NaOH adsorption?
38. If for a given substance, TB is the m.pt. and TA is the freezing

I~ (!l~
point, then correct variation of entropy by graph between entropy
change (t.S) and temperature is:
(a) (b)

(~)
~I· ?
I. lm)

(a) Temp.- Temp.-

lb
TA .

(Mc~
-T
(e) (d)

t.s .-- (~) . ' .

(c) t
Temp.- Temp._
43. Energy of electron varies with atomic number as the following
curvelline:
39. Which of the following represents zero ordcr reaction?

(a)
t 1------
(b)~~
t l / (a)

l~ (b) 1~
E.

'-Cone. -Cone.
Z2_
-
(C)~~
t\/ (d)i~ (e)

!t=- (d)
E
j
~.
-(Cone.f _[Cone.]2 Z2_
 I
liT ENrRANCE TEST PAPERS I ,989
Z2 I (a) T3 > T2 > T[ (b) T[ > T2 > T3
[Hint: E x 13.6 eV, E oc 2 ; therefore, E will decrease
(d) none of these .•
Z (c) T[ T2 T3
exponentially with increase inZ2.]
44. A radioactive sample consists oftwo distinct species having equal
number of atoms initially. The mean life of one of the species 'I _--T3
and that of the other is S'I. The decay products in both the cases t 100
are stable. A plot is made of total number of radioactive nuclei as .j 80
the function of time. Which of the following figures best -0
represents the form ofthis plot? (j) 60
';;"
;;F. 40 -----T1

i i 20

N N
100 200 300 400
t t Pressure (atm.)
'I ---to- T ---to-

(a) . (b) [Hint: Reaction is exothermic; hence, the reaction will shift in
forward direction to give better yield.

i i 47. From the given graph,

1:)( ~'relJ"ing yield of reaction

N N
CaC0 3
predict the compound
t
which would be most '- ZnS
T ---to- T ---to- Q)
easily purified by 10
(e) (d) recrystallisation from S:O CaF2
Co
[Hint: The activity will decay spontaneously with passage of time.] aqueous solution:' '-0
(a) ZhS ' £~
45. In following isothermal graphs A, Band C at temperatures = ....
.QO> NaCI
T[, T2 and the correct order of temperatures will be:, (b) CaC0 3 ::J~

(c) CaF2 '0

T3 (f)
T1 T2 (d) NaCI
Temperature
48. Which of the following curves represents the Henry's law?

~.
jl
r
P
(a) E (b)
0>
C .Q

log P -'-to> 10gP ---to-

!~
(a) T[ > T2 > T3
-v
(b) TI > T3 >T2 (e)
i (d)
E,
(C)T3>T2>Tl (d)T3>T[>Tl . 0>
46. N 2 (g)+3H 2(g)..--2NH 3(g); tili°=-22.4kJmol- I , .Q
Percentage yield of the reaction against pressure is plotted at three
10gP ~ .logP-
·'different temperatures T2 and T}, then:

[ ?I~"---~---:----~------II
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (d) . 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (d) . 8. (a)
9. (e) 10 .. (d) , 11. (e) 12. (e) 13. (e) 14. (b) 15. (b) 16. (d)
17. (e) 18. (a) 19. (e) 20. (c) 21. (d) 22. (b) 23. (e) 24. (e)
25. (e) 26. (e) 27. (d) 28. (b) 29. (e) 30. (d) 31. (d) 32. (e)
33. (b) 34. (a, 1:-. c. d) 35. (e) 36. (a) 37. (a) 38. (a) 39. (a)
40. (d) 41. (a) 42. \e) 43. (d) 44. (d) 45. (d) 40. (b) 47. (d)
48. (b)
I
990 G.R.B. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS

TEST O'f MATCHING APTITUDE

)~,:",....""..i,\l.".~
"'.r;':t:0.....:;,

1. Match the List-I with List-II and pick up the correct matching Codes:
from the codes given below: A B C D
List-I LIst-II (a) 3 4 2 1

A. C~E) -0 I. Isothennal process

(b) 4 3 2
oV T' (c) 3 4 2
B. W=-!:J.E. 2. :-nFE o (d) 4 3 2
C. M=O 3. Adiabatic reaction 5. Match the Column-I with Column-II and pick up the correct
D. AGo 4. van der Waals' gas alternate:
Column-. Column-II .
~

E. (OT)
iJp
*0H
5. Ideal gas (I). For spontaneollSJeaction A. :i:(BE)R~...1:(.BE)p _ __
Codes:
(II). For endothermic reaction B. 1lH=!::..E
(a) A-2 B-1 C-4 D-5 B-3 (III). . Bond dissociation energy C. !::..G = .,.-ve
(b) A-2 8--5 C-I D-4 E-3 (IV). For solids and liquids in a D. "'EHp > :i:HR
(c) A-3 B-1 C-2 D-5 E-4 thermochemical reaction
(d) A-:5 B-4 C-l D-2 B-3 Codes:
(e) A-5 B-J C-I D-2 E-4 (af I-C m=D ~IV-ll

:"i (b) 1- B II-D Ill-A IV-C

2. Match the Column-I with Column-II:
.',' Column~I Column-II (c) 1- C II-D III-B IV-A
(I). jgCa (d) I C II-D Ill-A IV-B.
~, l. Unstable, a-emitter
."1' (II). 13i3I 2. Unstable, I>-emitter 6. Match the Column-I with Column-II and pick up the correct
v~
". answer:
~
yl (III). !;~I 3. Unstable, positron emitter
Column-I Column-II
~~ (IV). 23~ Th 4. Stable
l§i
(I). Nickel A. Conversion of alcohol to gasoline
Codes: (II). ZSM-5 B. Alkylation of benzene
(a) 1-1 II-2 III-3 IV-4
.
I
(III). Si0 2 C. Hydrogenation of oil
(b) 1-4 II-3 III-2 IV-l
Codes:
(c) 1-4 II-2 III-3 IV-l (a) I C III-B
II-A'
(d) 1-4 11-3 III-I IV-2 (b) A II-B III-C
3. Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using (c) C II-B III-A
the options given below the lists: (d) B II-C III-B
List-I- List-II
(Units)
7; Mlj.tch the List-I (enzymes) with List-II (metals) and select the
(Electrochemical parameter)
correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
(I). Ionic mobiliry 1. cm- l
List-I List-II
(II). Cell constant 2. ohm- l cm-! A. Nitrogenase l. Cu
3. ohm-! cm 2 mol-
j
(III). Specific conductance B. Cytochrome oxidase 2. Mo
(IV). Molar conductance 4. cm 2 V~I S-I C. Cytochrome-C 3. Zn
Codes: D. Carboxypeptidase 4. I:e
(a) J:-4 II-I III-2 IV-3
Codes:
(b) 1-2 II-3 III-4 IV-l A B C D
(c)" 1-:3 II-I III-2 IV-4 (a) 1 2 4 3
(d) 1-1 11-2 III-3 IV-4 (b) 2 1 3 4
4. Match the Column-I with Column-II and select L'1e correct (c) 2 1 4 3
answer using the sequences given below:
(d) 2 3 4
Column-I Column-II
(Compounds) (Oxidation state of nitrogen) 8. Match the Column-I with Column-II and select the correct
A. NaN 3 answer:
l. +5
Column-I Column-II .
B. N2H4 2. +1
(I). Curie A. 106 dis sec ~I
C. NHPH 3. -l!3 j
(II). Rutherford B. 3.7 X 1010 dis sec-
D. N 2 0 s 4. 2 (III). Becquerel C. 1 dis sec-I
 liT ENTRANCE TEST PAPERS I' 991
Codes: 12. Match the Column-X with Column- Y:
(a) I-B II-A III-C • Column-X Column-Y
(b) I-B II-C III-A (Colloids) (Classification)
(c) I-A II-B, III-C (I). Rain cloud' A.Sol
(d) I-C II-B III-A
(II). Milk of magnesia B. Aerosol
(III). Soap suds 'C. Gel
9. Match the List-I with List-II: (IV). Butter D. Foam
List-I List-II
Codes:
(I). tili 'qp 1. MO =0 (I) (II) (III) (IV)
(II). Kirchhoff's equation 2. State function (a)· A B C D
(III). H+(aq.) 3. Path function (b) A C B' D
(IV). Spontaneous process 4. l:1G >0 (c) B A D C
5. M;otal > 0 (d~B A C D
6. tili2 -tili l =l:1C p (T2 -11) 13. Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from
given codes:
Codes:
(I) (II) (III) (IV) Llst-l (Spectrum). List- II (Region)
€a) ·1- 2 ·4 -5 A. Lyman 1. Ultraviolet
(b) 5 4 3 6 B. PascQen 2. Visible
(c) 2 6 I 5 C. Balmer 3. Near infrared
(d) 6 2 5 D. Pfund 4. Far infrared
to. Match the List-I with List-II: Codes:
List-I List-II A B C D
(I). Mixing of two ideal gases I. l:1G mix =0 (a) 1 3 2 4
(II). Criterion for irreversiQility 2. liP (b) I' 2 3 4
(III). Isobaric thermal coefficient 3. liT (c) 4 3 2 1
of an ideal gas (d) I 2 4 3
(IV). Joule-Thomson effect 4. MTola! > 0 14. Match the List-I with List-II and select the correct answer:
5. l:1G mix <0 List-I List-II
6. tili=O A. Critical temperature ,1. alRb
Codes: B. Boyle temperature 2. 2al Rb
(I) (II) (III) (IV) C. Inversion temperature 3. T fTc
(a) 1 2 4 5 D. Reduced temperature 4. 8al27Rb
(b) 5 4 3 6 Codes:
(c) 2 6 1 5 A B C D
(d) 6 2 5 (a) 4 .1 2 3
11.' Match the List-I with List-II:
(b) 2 I 4 3
(c) 4 3 2
List-! , 3 List-II
(I). Translational kinetic energy 1. - P (d) 2 3 I 4
2 IS. Match the List-I, List-II arid List-III and select the answer from'
(II). Rotational kinetic energy 2. 1"5/13 the given codes:
of CO 2 List-I List-II List:-III
(III). Translational kinetic 3. 7/5 (Order) (Unit of rate (Relation between
energy per unit volume constant) half life and initial
concentration)
(IV). y for,C0 2 at very high 4. Function ofT only
temperature \. Zero (i) L 2 mo]-2 ,1. t 112 = Cons~ant
S. RT I
B. First (ii) Lmo]-I S-I 2. tll2 0<:-
a
6. 3 RT
2 C. Second (iii) S-I 3. tl!2 oc a
1
Codes: D. Third (iv) mol L -I S·l 4. t1l2 ""
(I) (II) (III) (IV)
1
Codes:
(a) - 4 5 1
A B C
"
D
(b) 4 5 2 (a) i-2 ii- 4 iii-3 iV-l
(c) 5 6 2 3 (b) i-4 iv-3 ii-T iii-l
(d) 6 3 4 (c) iv-3 jjj-l ii-2 i-4
(d) ii-2 i-I iii-3 iv-4
992 G.R.B. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS

16. Match the List-I (solutions of salts) with List-II (PH of the Codes:.
solutions) and select the' correct answer using the codes given A B C D
below the lists: . (a) 3' 2 4
List-I List-II (b) I 2 3 4
A. Weak acid and strong base I. Yz pKw (c) 4 3 2 I
B. Strong acid and weak base 2. Yz [pKw - pKb + pKa] (d) 2 3 4
C. Weak acid and weak base 3. Yz [pKw - pKb -log c] 20. Match the List-I, List-II and List-III:
D. Strong acid and strong base 4. Yz [pKw + pKa + log c] List-I List-II List-ill
Codes: A. L'!.G >0 X. L'!.S > 0 L Non-spontaneous
A B C D B. L'!.G <0 Y. L'!.S <0 2. Spontaneous
(a) 4 3 2 C. L'!.G 0 Z. L'!.S = 0 3. Equilibrium
(b) 2 3 4
Select the correct answer from the following codes:
(c) 2 3 4 1 A B C
(d) 3 2 4 (a) (Y. 1) (X, 2) (Z, 3)
17. Match the List-I with List-II and choose the correct answer from (b) (X, 2) (Y, 3) . (Z, 1)
the-cedes:· . . ...
" (c) (X, 3) (Y,I) (Z,2)-
,List-I ... ..l,.!!!t-:Il .. (d}--(¥,l·)-···· (X,~)
(Electrolyte) (Solubility product)
21. Match the Column-I with Column-lI: .
A. Bi l S 3 1. 48 3
Colomn-l Columo-D
B. . Al(OHh 2. 27s4
(a) Spontaneous process (p) MI = -ve
C. CdS 3. 108s 5
2 (b) Heat flow from high temperature. (q) L'!.G + ve
D. CaF2 4. 8
of system towards low.
Codes: ternperature of surroundings
A B C D (c) Exergonic process (1') L'!.STo{ql = + ve
(a) 1 2 3 4 . (d)- Increase in the randomness of (s) L'!.G = ve
(b) 2 3 1 4 system by heating
(c) 4 3 2 (a) ® ® ® ®
(d) 3 2 4 (b) ® ® ® ®
18. Match the following combinations of electrical units with their
terms as single unit:
(c) ® ® ® ®
.Electricalooit Single onit· (d) ® ® ® ®
(I). ampere-second A. coulomb 22. Match the items of Column-I with the items of Column-II:
(II). volt-ampere B. ohm Column-I Column-II
. (III). volt-ampere-) C. ampere ()\1etal) (Packing/coordination number)
(IV). watt/ampere ohm D. watt (a) Na (p) ccp
(V). joule /ampere second E. volt (b) Cu (q) bcc
(c) Au (r) 12
Codes:.
A B C D E (d) K (s) 8
(a) III. .IV II V 23. Match the Column-I with Column-II and Column-III:
(b) II III IV V I = Edge length of unit cell;
r = Radius of spherical constituent unit
(c) V' IV III II I
Colnmn--l CoIumu-1I
(d) I V IV II III
(a) Simple cubic (p) 113 = 4r (u) 74% occupied
19. Match the List-I with List7II and select the correct answer from, unit cell space
the given codes: (b) Face-centred (q) 1= 2r (v) 67.98%
List-I List-IJ cubic unit cell occupied space'
.~nik:p~) (Relatioo) (c) Body-centred (r) l.fi = 4r (w) 52.33%
A. Free energy change of a 1. -RT log K cubic unit cell occupied space .
reaction (L'!.G) 24. Match the List-I with List-II:
Lisc-l. List-ll
B. Standard enthalpy change 2. RT 2 (d In K)
(a) Silicon doped with (p) Acceptor level above
(MlO) of a reaction dT p
phosphorus valence bond
C. Standard entropy change (L'!.SO) 3. -nFE (b) Metal excess (q) n-type semiconductor'
non-stoichiometry in NaCl
D. Standard free energy change 4. (d dTL'!.G) (c) Ge doped with Ga (r) Donor level just·below the
(L'!.G O )
p conduction band
(d) Anion vacancy with (s) F-centre
trapped electron
 liT ENTRANCE TEST PAPERS 993
25. Match the solids in List-I with their properties in List-II: 29. Match the temperature in List-I with its value in List-II:
List-I List-II List~1 List-II
(a) MnO (p)Ferromagnetic solid (a) Critical temperature (p) alRb
(b) ZnO (q) Antiferromagnetic solid (b) BoxIe's temperature (q) e
(c) Cr02 (r) Zero magnetic moment (c) 112 [Inversion temperature] (r) TITe
(d) TiO (s) Attracted in magnetic field (d) Reduced temperature (s) 8a127 Rb
26. Match the List-I with List-II: 30. Match the items of Column-I with its proportional term in the
List-I Llst-n items of Column-II:
(a) The highest temperature at (p) Vrea1 Column-I Column-II
which liquid CO 2 exists Videa! (a) Kinetic energy (p) Mole fraction
(b) 8al27 Rb (q) Critical temperature (b) Partial pressure of a gas (q) Density
(c) Compressibility factor (r) Ideal gas (c) Rate of diffusion (r) Molar mass
Z =3/8 at (d) Vapour pressure of a liquid (s) Absolute temperature
(d) Compressibility factor (s) 30.98°C 31. Match the List-I with List-II and List-III:
Z =1 for List·Ill
List-) Llst·I1
27. Match the physical properties of Column-I with their values in (Coordlnlltion .
(Solids) . (UnIt cell)
. Column-II: ....Ilum.b.er)_. .~~._ ..
Column-l Column-II (a) Rock salt (p) Face-centred (w)6
(a) SATP' (p) 1 bar/l atm cubic, anion in
tetrahedral void
(b) Temperature in STP (q) 99.6°C
(b) Fluorite (q) Face-centred (x) Cation (8),
(c) Pressure in NTP (r) 273.15 K
cubic, cation in anion (4)
(d) Standard boiling point of (s) 298.15 K octahedral void
~··water·
(c) AgI, ZnS (r) Face-centred (y) Cation (4),
SATP ---7 Standard ambient temperature and pressure cubic, cation in anion (8)
STP ---7 Standard temperature and pressure alternate
NTP ---7 Normal temperature and pressure tetrahedral void
28. Match the quantities in Column-I with their units in Column-II: (s) Face-centred (z) Cation (4),
Column·l Column-n cubic, cation in anion (4)
(a) Coefficient of viscosity (p) L mol-I tetrahedral void
(b) van der Waals' constant 'b' (q) N s m-2
(c) Molar volume of gas at STP = 22.4 ... (r) Pas
(d) van der Waals' constant' a' (s) L2 attn mol- 2

1. (e) 2. (c) 3. (a) '4. ·(a) 5. (d) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (a)

9. (c) 10. (b) 11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (c) 16. (a)
17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (a) 21. (a-r,s) (b-p,r,s) (c-q) (d-q,r)
22. (a-q,s) (b-p,r) (c-p,r) (d~q,s) 23. (a-q-w) (b-r-u) (c-p-v)
24. (a-q,r) (b-s) (c-p) (d-s) 25. (a-q,r) (b-r) (c-p,s) (d-s) 26. (a-q,s) (b-q) (c-p,q) (d-r) 27. (a-p,s) (b-r) (c-p) (d-q)
28. (a-q,r) (b-p) (c-p) (d-s) 29. (a-s) (b-p) (c-p) (d-q,r) 30. (a-s) (b-p,s) (c-q,r) ( d-p,s)
31 •. (a-q-w) (b-p-x) (c-r-z) (d-s-y)
994 G.R.B. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY FOR COMPETITIONS

TEST OF REASON INGAPTITUDE

TEST SERIES IV
9. (A) Half-life of a first order reaction is independent of the initial
REASON AND ASSERTION concentration of reactant.
1:
(For liT & AIIMS Aspirants) (R) t1l2 (first order)
1.44
In each of the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is where, 1: average life.
given followed by corresponding statement of Reason (R) just below it. 10. (A) For the reaction,
Mark the correct answer as: 2NH3(g) ---i> N 2 (g) + 3H 2 (g)
(a) Both (R) and (A) are true and reason is the correct explanation t::.H > !:lU.
of assertion. (R) The enthalpy change is always greater than internal energy
(b) Both(R) and (A) are true but reason is not correct explanation change.
of assertion. 11.- (A)2o N ;'and 22N~'an:~ isotones:
(c) Assertion (A) is true hutreason(R) is false. (R) Noble'gasesdonotexistasisotopesastheyarenotTeactive;-~-~
(d) Assertion (A) and reaSOn (R) both are false. 12. (A) 3dz2 orbital is spherically symmetrical.
(e) Assertion (A) is.false but reason (R) is true.
(R) 3d 2 orbital is the only d-orbital which is spherical in shape.
z
1. (A) CH4 and CO z have the value of Z (compressibility factor) 13. (A) The kinetic energy of the photoelectron ejected increases
less than one. with increase in intensity of incident radiation.
(R) Z < 1 is due to repulsive forces among the molecules. (R) Increase in in!ensityof incidenUighti!!<:l'ej:1$,es the rate ()f~_ _
2. (A) More is the valUe of vander' Waals' constant 'a', greater is emission.
the tendency of liquefaction. 14. (A) 13{6Be + e- ---i> 1~5CS + X-ray
(R) 'a' measures the magnitude of force of attraction among the
molecules. It is a process of K-electron capture.
3. (AY Crystalline solids are anisotropic. (R) The atomic number decreases by one unit as a result of
(R)· Crystalline solids are not as closely packed as amorphous K-capture.
. solids. . 15. (A) Vapour pressure is a colligative property .
4. (A) Antiferromagnetic substances possess zero magnetic (R) Colligative property depends on the number of solute parti-
moment. cles dissolved in the solution.
(R) MnO is an antiferromagnetic substance. 16. (A) Entropy decreases when an egg is boiled.
5. (A) Isotonic solutions do not show osmosis. (R) It is solidified due to denaturation of albumin.
(R) Isotonic solutions have equal osmotic pressure. 17. (A) I faraday = 96,500 coulomb.
6. (A) In a gaseous reaction, Kc is unitless when !:In =O. It is a charge of I mole electrons.
(R) Unit of K c (mol L-1)'~n. (R) 1 faraday charge liberates one gram equivalent of substance
7. (A) Strength of acidic character of oxyacids lies in the following at an electrode.
sequence: 18. (A) The electrical resistance of a column of 0.05 M NaOH solu-
HCl0 4 > HBr04 > HI0 4 tion of diameter I cmand length 50 cm is 5.55 x 103 ohm.
(R) Greater is the oxidation state of a halogen, more is the acidic (R) Its resistivity is equal to 76.234 ohm-cm.
character of its oxyacid. 19. (A) If water is heated to 350 K, then pOH will increase to 8.
8. (A) The molecularity of the following reaction is 2 (R) Kw increases with increase in temperature.
Hz + Br2 ---i> 2HBr 20. (A) Magnetic quantum number can have the value 0, ... , (11 - I).
(R) The order of reaction is 3/2. (R) Magnetic quantum number specifies the number of orbitals.

1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (b)

9. (a) 10. (c) 11. (d) 12. (d) 13. (e) 14. (b) 15. (e) 16. (a)
17. (b) 18. (c) 19. (e) 20. (e)