Geometric Solids Report

Khalil Rose | Technical Drawing | March 27, 2025

What are Geometric Solids?
A geometric figure or shape that has a three-dimensional structure is known
as a geometric solid. They occupy space. In simple words, they have
volume. They have length, width, and height. The branch of geometry that
deals with three-dimensional (3D) solid shapes is known as solid geometry.

What are the main types of Geometric Solids?

Cube: A cube is a 3D solid object with six square faces, twelve edges, and
eight vertices. It is also known as a regular hexahedron or an equilateral
cuboid. The cube is a dual shape of the octahedron and has cubical or
octahedral symmetry.

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Cuboid: A cuboid is a solid shape or a three-dimensional shape. A convex
polyhedron that is bounded by six rectangular faces with eight vertices and
twelve edges is called a cuboid. A cuboid is also called a rectangular prism.

Prism: A prism is a three-dimensional solid object with two parallel,

congruent bases connected by rectangular faces. The bases can be any
polygon, such as a triangle, square, or hexagon, and the sides of the prism
are parallelograms.

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Pyramid: A pyramid is a polyhedron formed by connecting a polygonal base
and a point, called the apex. Each base edge and apex form a triangle, called
a lateral face. It is a conic solid with a polygonal base.

Cylinder: A cylinder is a three-dimensional solid that consists of two parallel

circular bases joined together by a curved surface at a fixed distance. The
center of the two bases is joined by a line segment called the axis.

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Cone: A cone is a three-dimensional geometric figure with a flat circular
base and a pointed apex. It is formed by stacking a series of circles with
decreasing radius, resulting in a tapered shape. Common examples of cones
include ice cream cones, birthday hats, and traffic cones.

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Sphere: A sphere is a three-dimensional solid figure that is round in shape. It
is defined as the set of all points in 3D space that are equidistant from a
fixed point, known as the center. The distance from the center to any point
on the surface is called the radius.

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What are the properties of the Geometric solids
listed above?

Cube:
 A cube has 12 edges, 6 faces, and 8 vertices.
 All the faces of a cube are shaped as a square hence the length,
breadth, and height are the same.
 The angles between any two faces or surfaces are 90°.
 The opposite planes or faces in a cube are parallel to each other.
 The opposite edges in a cube are parallel to each other.
 Each face of the cube meets four other faces.
 Each vertex of the cube meets three faces and three edges.

Cuboid:
 All cuboids have six faces, eight vertices, and twelve edges.
 All cuboids are three-dimensional; so, the dimensions are height,
length, and width.
 The sides of all the cuboids are rectangular in shape.
 All the angles that are formed at the vertices are right angles.

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Prism:
 It is a three-dimensional shape with flat sides.
 It has two ends that are parallel and congruent, and have the same
shape and size as a 2D polygon.
 It has the same cross-section along its length, meaning if you cut
through it you would see the same shape as on either end.
 Its faces, except the bases, are parallelograms or rectangles.
 Its edges are the line segments created by two intersecting faces.
 Its vertices are the points where three or more edges meet.

Pyramid:
 It has a flat polygon base.
 The faces of the pyramid except the base are called lateral faces.
 The number of lateral faces in a pyramid is the same as the number of
sides in its polygonal base.
 The line segments created by two intersecting faces are called edges.
 The vertices are points where three or more edges meet.
 If a pyramid has an n-sided base, then it has n+1 faces, n+1 vertices,
and 2n edges.

Cylinder:

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  Two identical bases
 A single curved surface
 Two curved edges
 Two flat circular faces
 The size of a cylinder depends upon the radius of a circular base and
its height
 The volume and surface area of a cylinder depends on the radius of
the base and its height
 The total surface area of the cylinder is equal to the sum of its curved
surface area and area of the two circular bases
 The space occupied by a cylinder in three dimensions is called its
volume
 It does not have any vertex unlike quadrilaterals
 The perpendicular distance between the bases is denoted as the height
“h” of the cylinder and “r” is the radius of the cylinder.

Cone:
 It has one circular face.
 It has zero edges.
 It has one vertex (corner).
 A cone has only one apex or vertex point.
 The volume of the cone is ⅓ πr 2 h.
 The total surface area of the cone is πr ( l + r).
 The slant height of the cone is √ (r 2 +h 2).
 The height of the cone is the distance from the apex to the base.

Sphere:

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 Symmetry in all directions
 Only a curved surface area
 No edges or vertices
 All points on the surface are at a constant distance from the center,
known as radius
 Not a polyhedron
 Constant mean curvature
 The smallest surface area of all surfaces that enclose a given volume,
and it encloses the largest volume among all closed surfaces with a
given surface area.

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