Translated from Afrikaans to English - www.onlinedoctranslator.
com
Western Cape Education Department
Directorate: Curriculum FET
Mathematics
REVISION BOOK
2025 TERM 1
Grade 10
This review program has been developed to help you review
important content and skills learned during the 1th
The aim is to prepare you to understand the core concepts. It also
aims to provide you with the opportunity to acquire the expected
standard and application of knowledge necessary to succeed in
the examination.
2
Mathematics revision book 2025 Grade 10 Term 1
The revision program covers the following topics:
A. PRODUCT AND FACTORIZATION
B. SIMPLIFICATION OF
EXPRESSIONS
I. Simplification of algebraic fractions
II. Simplification of exponentials
fractions:
C. SOLVING EQUATIONS
I. Linear equations
II. Quadratic equations
III. Exponential equations
D. INEQUALITIES
E. SIMULTANEOUS COMPARISONS
F. TRIGONOMETRY
3
Mathematics revision book 2025 Grade 10 Term 1
ALGEBRA
A. PRODUCT AND FACTORIZATION
Terminology:
A monomial is an expression with one term.
A binomial is an expression with two terms.
A trinomial is an expression with three terms.
Product Monomial & Binomial Factorization Common Factor
( + ) 1. + = (
= + + )
2. ( + )− ( + )
=( + )( − )
Factorization by Grouping
− + −
=� − �+( − )
= ( − )+ ( − ) =(
− )( + )
Product of binomial(binomial) Factorize the difference of squares
( + )( − ) −
= − = ( + )( − )
Factorize quadratic trinomial
( + ) + +
= ( + )( + ) = ( + )( + )
= + +
( − ) − +
= ( − )( − ) = ( − )( − )
= − +
Product of binomial (binomial) and Factorize sum and difference of cubes
trinomial (three-term)
( + )� − + � +
= + = ( + )� − + �
( − )� + + � −
= − = ( − )� + + �
4
Mathematics revision book 2025 Grade 10 Term 1
Factorize :
5
Mathematics revision book 2025 Grade 10 Term 1
Questions from exam papers
Question 1 (Gr 10/ November 2019)
Factorise the following expressions completely:
1.13 2+
1.2 2− 10 − 24
1.39 2− 2+ 10 − 25
Determine the product:
1.4�4 +1��2 −3�
Question 2 (Gr 10/ November 2018)
Factorise the following expressions completely:
2.14 − 2
2.2 2+ 15 − 54
2.3 − + −1
Question 3 (Gr 10/ November 2017)
Factorise the following expressions completely:
3.1 2( − ) − +
3.2 3+1
2− +1
Question 4 (Gr 10/ November 2016)
Factorise the following expressions completely:
4.1 2−
4.23 2+ 3 −2 −2
4.32 2− 2 − 12
Question 5 (Gr 10/ November 2015)
Factorise the following expressions completely:
5.1 4− 81
5.26 2 − 10 + 15 − 25
6
Mathematics revision book 2025 Grade 10 Term 1
B. SIMPLIFICATION OF EXPRESSIONS
I. Simplification of algebraic fractions
Multiplication and division of algebraic Addition and subtraction of algebraic fractions
fractions
• When multiplying algebraic fractions, we • Algebraic fractions can be added or subtracted
multiply the numerators and if the denominators of the different fractions
denominators, as in example 1 below. are the same, as in number 3 below. The two
• When an algebraic fraction is divided by an fractions can then be added by adding the
algebraic fraction, the division changes to a numerators since the denominators are the
multiplication and the fraction reverses, after same.
the division sign, as in example 2 below. • The addition and subtraction of algebraic fractions
with different denominators, as in 4, 5 and 6 below.
• Factor all numerators and denominators to find Determine the least common multiple (LCM) of the
the product of algebraic fractions. denominators. This makes it possible to express each
simplify. fraction with the same denominator. Then it becomes
the same as the number 3.
1. × ≠0; ≠0 3. + ≠0
= +
=
2. ÷ ≠0; ≠0 4. + ≠0
2
=
= × 2 + 2
= = +
2
5. + ≠0; ≠0
=+
= +
6. + + ≠0; ≠0; ≠0
= + +
= + +
7
Mathematics revision book 2025 Grade 10 Term 1
8
Mathematics revision book 2025 Grade 10 Term 1
Examples:Simplify the following:
1. −3 2. − 2 2 2+
÷ ×
3− 2+ 2 + 2 2− 2 2− 2 + 2
3. 3 1 4. 3 2
+ −
4 2 9 5
5. 4 4 6. 4 2
− −
3 12 2
7. 3 2 1 8. 3 2
− + −
5 2 3 3 15 −5 +3
9. 3 2 10. 3 2 1
− − −
−2 ( 2− 4) 2+ 6 + 9 2− 9 2− 6 + 9
II. Simplification of exponential fractions
Exponential Laws:
Laws Example Explanation
1. × = + × × To multiply two powers with the
= + + same base, add the exponents.
=
2. = − To To divide powers with the same
= − =
base, subtract the exponents.
3. (bბბ ) = ( )= To raise an exponent to a power,
multiply the exponents.
4. ( ) = (22 . 33 ) = . To raise more than one base to a
power, each of the bases is raised to
��= � �=
the power.
Note:
• 0= 1where ≠ 0 ,Any base number raised to the power 0 is equal to 1.
−
• − =1where ≠ 0 ,or� � =� �
9
Mathematics revision book 2025 Grade 10 Term 1
Examples: Simplify the following:
3 +2.4 −2 63 .113 3 .27
1. 2. 3 +2
2 .6 −2 223 −1.33 92 +3
35 −1−35 +1 2 .32
4. 5. 3.5 +5 −2 6. +2
35 5 +1−7.5 −1 32 −32 +1
Questions from exam papers
Question 1 (Gr 10/ November 2019)
Simplify the following completely:
3 +1+ 3
1.1 5 −5 1.2
5 27 .3−1+
Question 2 (Gr 10/ November 2018)
2.1 Simplify the following completely:
2.1.1 ( + 2)( 2− + 3)
5 3
2.1.2 −
+3 2−
− .15 +1
2.1.325 3 .5−
2.2 Determine the value of (3 + )2as 9 2+ 2= 12and = −3.
Question 3 (Gr 10/ November 2017)
Simplify the following completely: 3.1
(2 + 3)(7 2− 6 − 8)
3.2 3 2
+
2−9 ( −3)2
3.3 3 −3 −2
2 .3 −3
Question 4 (Gr 10/ November 2016)
Simplify the following completely: 4.1
2 +1−2 −1
4.2 2− +1÷ 2
3+1 2 +2
Question 5 (Gr 10/ November 2015)
Simplify the following completely: 5.1
3+2− 21
−4 +3 2− −12
102 +3.41−
5.2
252+
10
Mathematics revision book 2025 Grade 10 Term 1
C. SOLVING EQUATIONS
Different types of comparisons:
I. Linear equations
II. Quadratic equations
III. Exponential equations
I. Linear equations
To solve a linear equation:
1. The goal is to find the value of the variable( )determine what will make the right side
(RHS) equal to the left side (LS) of the equation.
2. This may require a number of different operations, until you finally, = ⋯…has.
3. In solving an equation, what you do on the left side (LS) of the equation, you must
also do on the left side (LS) of the equation.
Note:
• 0= 0 ,but is undefined
0
• As = 0,then = 0and ≠ 0
Examples:
A. Solve for
1. − 3 + 6 = 12 2. 6 − 4 = 10 − 2
3. 3( − 1) = 5( + 3) 4. 3
−5= +5
2
5. 2 6. −2 +3
−=6 − = −3
3 4 2 3
B. Compare 1 with 2 below.
1. Simplify: 2. Solve for :
−2 +3 −2 +3
− − +3 − = −3
2 3 2 3
11
Mathematics revision book 2025 Grade 10 Term 1
II. Quadratic equations
To solve a quadratic equation:
1. Write the equation in standard form, 2+ + =0
2. Factorize the quadratic equation. If, ( )( ) = 0 ,
then or = 0or = 0.
If the product of two factors is zero, then one of the two factors must be equal to zero.
Thus, there are two linear equations that can be solved for .
Consider an example that is factorized as follows:
( + )( + )=0 where , , & are constant values and ≠ 0and ≠ 0 .
Then ( + )=0 or ( + )=0
∴ =− or = −
Examples:
Solve for
1. 2= 136 2. 2− 5 =0
3. 2− 6 =7 4. 2− 5 =6
5. 3 2+ 10 = 11 6.
III. Exponential equations
An exponential equation is an equation where the variable is in the exponent, For
example:
= , ≠ 0and > 1
If the exponential equation,
= is, where ≠ 0 , > 1and ℚ
Then = (if the base is equal, then the exponents are equal)
Exercise:
Solve for
1. 1 2. 2 −3= 64
3=
81
3. 1 4. (x+2)= 7
7. 3 (
×9 −3= 81
27−
12
Mathematics revision book 2025 Grade 10 Term 1
Questions from exam papers
Question 1 (Gr 10/ November 2019)
Solve for :
1.1 2 2− 10 = 0
1.2 − = −
1.3 23 = 1
128
Question 2 (Gr 10/ November 2018)
Solve for :
2.1 + =
2.2 2 2− 5 + 2 = 0
2.3 3 +1
�1� = 32
2
Question 3 (Gr 10/ November 2017)
Solve for :
3.1 ( −5)− 1=0
6
3.2 = √ + 2
Question 4 (Gr 10/ November 2016)
Solve for :
4.1 ( − 1) = 20
4.2 3 −2= +1
2
Question 5 (Gr 10/ November 2015)
Solve for :
5.115 2− 8 = 14
5.2 5 =1
125
Question 6 (Gr 10/ November 2015 Model Question Paper)
Solve for :
6.1 2− 4 = 21
6.2 96 = 3
5
4
6.3
=2 √
3
13
Mathematics revision book 2025 Grade 10 Term 1
D. INEQUALITIES
Notation:
Notation Explanation Graphic Image Interval Notation
4< 4 is smaller than 5
≤ is less than or
equal to 0 ( −∞ ; 0]
< < is less than 5 and
greater than 0 (0 ; 5)
≤ − or > is less than or
equal to− or ( −∞ ; −3]or
−
greater than (2 ; ∞)
Note:
When an inequality is multiplied by a negative, the inequality sign must change, see the
example in the table below. To understand why the inequality sign changes, look at the
numerical example in the column on the right of the table below.
− < − ≤
>− ≥−
Solving a linear inequality is similar to solving a linear equation.
Questions from exam papers
Question 1 (Gr 10/ November 2019)
Given: + 5> −2
2
1.1 Solve the inequality.
1.2 Therefore, represent your answer to Question 1.1 on a number line.
Question 2 (Gr 10/ November 2018)
Given: −11 ≤ 3 − 8 < 4
2.1 Solve for .
2.2 Next, write the number of integers that satisfy the inequality
14
Mathematics revision book 2025 Grade 10 Term 1
Question 3 (Gr 10/ November 2017)
Given:4 − 2 < 16where
3.1 Solve the inequality.
3.2 Therefore, represent your answer to Question 3.1 on a number line.
Question 4 (Gr 10/ November 2016)
Given: −4 ≤ −1 < 25where
4.1 Solve for .
4.2 Write the answer to QUESTION 4.1 in interval notation.
Question 5 (Gr 10/ November 2015)
The following inequality is given:3( + 7) < + 1
2
5.1 Solve in the inequality.
5.2 Represent your answer to Question 5.1 on a number line.
15
Mathematics revision book 2025 Grade 10 Term 1
E. SIMULTANEOUS COMPARISONS
There are different ways to solve two linear equations simultaneously. Two
techniques are demonstrated in the examples below.
Elimination: Substitution/Replacement:
Leave for and simultaneously on: Leave for and simultaneously on:
Example 1: + 2 = 5and − =1 Example 1: + 2 = 5and − =1
2 2
Solution: +2 =5 …(1) Solution: +2 =5 …(1)
−+−
− =1 …(2) − =1 …(2)
2 2
(1) − (2): 3 = 41=9 (because the From (1): = 5 − 2 …(3)
2 2
coefficient of the same) Replace (3) with (2)∴ (5 − 2 ) − =1
2
∴ =9×1 If we÷ 3,is ∴ 5 − 3 =1
2 3 2
it's the same
Can be in any
∴ =3 as×1 ∴ −3 =1− 5 = −41= −9
2 3 2 2 2 of the 3
comparisons,
Replace∴ =3in (1) ∴ + 2 �3� = 5 ∴ = −9× −1=3 be replaced,
2 2 2 3 2
but in (3) is
∴ +3=5 Replace =3in (3) ∴ = 5 − 2 �3� easier –
2 2
∴ =2 why?
∴ =2
Example 2:2 − 3 = 5and6 + 3 = 11 Example 2:2 − 3 = 5and6 + 3 = 11
Solution:2 − 3 = 5 …(1) Write Solution:2 − 3 = 5 …(1) Write similar
similar
+ = 11 …(2) + = 11 …(2) terms among themselves
same terms
(1)× 2: 4 − 6 = 10 …(3) From (1):2 = 3 + 5 ⇒ =3 +5 …(3)
2
(2) +(3):7 = 21 Because no one a surname
elfd
the coefficient. dies Substitute (3) into (2):∴ 3 �3 +5� + 6 = 11
2
∴ =3 is not, can we the
coefficient of ×LVM: 2 ∴ 3(3 + 5) + 12 = 22
the same way k by ∴ 9 + 15 + 12 = 22
each term of ( 1)
with 2 too×: ∴ 21 = 7⇒ =1
3
Number it ( 3)
Replace = 3in (1):∴ 2(3) − 3 = 5 3�1�+5
Replace =1in (3) = 3
⇒ =2
3 2
∴6−3 =5
∴ −3 = −1
∴ =1
3
CAN YOU? A. Answer:
1. = −5; = 5
A. Use Substitution to and to solve: B. Use Elimination to and to solve: 2. = −3; = −4
3. = 8; = 4
1. + 2 = 5and4 + 2 = −10 1. + 2 = −4and3 − 2 = −4
B 1. = −2; = −1
2.2 − 4 = 10and3 + 5 = −29 2.2 + 4 = 7and8 − 2 = 1 2. =1; =3
2 2
3.2 − 3 = 4and4 − 3 = 20 3.3 + 2 = 27and3 + 2 = 28 3. = 5; =6
16
Mathematics revision book 2025 Grade 10 Term 1
Questions from exam papers
Question 1 (Gr 10/ November 2018)
Solve simultaneously for and on :
5 + 4 = 21 and. 2 =3−
Question 2 (Gr 10/ November 2017)
Loose for and simultaneously :
−2 − = 10and3 − 4 = −4
Question 3 (Gr 10/ November 2016)
Given::4 2− 2= 171and2 − =9
3.1 Calculate the value of2 +
3.2 Solve simultaneously for and .
Question 4 (Gr 10/ November 2012 Model)
Solve for p and q simultaneously as:
6 +7 = 3
2 + =5
