✅ KERALA GOVERNMENTS – CHRONOLOGICAL
SUMMARY
🟥 1. First EMS Ministry (1957–1959)
● CM: E. M. S. Namboodiripad
● Party/Coalition: Communist Party of India (CPI), supported by independents
● Key Policies:
○ Land Reforms Ordinance (1957): Introduced land ceilings and tenancy rights;
ended Jenmi landlordism.
○ Education Bill (1957): Proposed PSC-based teacher recruitment and
government control over aided schools—sparked Liberation Struggle.
🟥 2. Pattom Thanu Pillai Ministry (1960–1962)
● CM: Pattom A. Thanu Pillai
● Party/Coalition: PSP–Congress coalition
● Key Events:
○ Idukki Eviction Agitation: Evicted 1,800 families for hydroelectric project;
resolved through AKG’s hunger strike.
🟥 3. R. Sankar Ministry (1962–1964)
● CM: R. Sankar
● Party/Coalition: Indian National Congress
● Key Events:
○ Internal party rift led to the formation of Kerala Congress.
🟥 4. Second EMS Ministry (1967–1969)
● CM: E. M. S. Namboodiripad
● Party/Coalition: Seven-Party United Front (CPI(M), CPI, SSP, IUML, RSP, KTP, KSP)
● Key Policies:
○ Free Secondary Education (1969): Abolished high school fees, universalized
secondary schooling.
○ Retirement Age Cut: Lowered from 58 to 55 to boost youth employment.
🟥 5. First Achutha Menon Ministry (1969–1970)
● CM: C. Achutha Menon
● Party/Coalition: CPI-led Five-Party Front (CPI, SSP, IUML, Kerala Congress)
● Key Events: Stabilized politics after collapse of EMS-led coalition.
🟥 6. Second Achutha Menon Ministry (1970–1977)
● CM: C. Achutha Menon
● Party/Coalition: United Front (CPI, INC, IUML, RSP)
● Key Policies:
○ Land Reforms Act Implementation: Redistributed excess land to landless
farmers.
○ One Lakh Houses Scheme: First major housing program for homeless
agricultural workers.
○ KELTRON, SCTIMST: Established Kerala’s science and electronics policy
foundations.
🟥 7. First Karunakaran Ministry (1977)
● CM: K. Karunakaran
● Party/Coalition: UDF (INC, IUML, KC(M), RSP)
● Duration: 32 days
● Reason for resignation: Rajan custodial death case.
🟥 8. A. K. Antony Ministry (1977–1978)
● Party/Coalition: United Democratic Front (UDF)
● Unique Fact: Youngest CM in Kerala history at 36.
🟥 9. P. K. Vasudevan Nair Ministry (1978–1979)
● Party/Coalition: CPI–IUML–Kerala Congress (M)–RSP
● Reason for resignation: CPI's shift toward CPI(M) unity.
🟥 10. C. H. Mohammed Koya Ministry (1979)
● Party/Coalition: IUML-led; short-lived
● Unique: First Muslim League CM in India
● Policy: Gift Deeds Bill diluted land reforms.
🟥 11. First E. K. Nayanar Ministry (1980–1981)
● Party/Coalition: LDF (CPI(M), CPI, Congress(U), KC(M), AIML, RSP)
● Reason for fall: Withdrawal of support by Antony group & KC(M).
🟥 12. Second K. Karunakaran Ministry (1981–1982)
● Party/Coalition: UDF
● Assembly Split 70–70: Survived using Speaker’s casting vote
● Collapsed: After KC(M)'s Lonappan Nambadan defected.
🟥 13. Third K. Karunakaran Ministry (1982–1987)
● Party/Coalition: UDF (INC-I, IUML, KC-M, KC-J, NDP, SRP)
● Key Events:
○ EVM Use (1982): First in India (Paravoor).
○ Nilakkal Controversy: Interfaith dispute over church land near Sabarimala.
🟥 14. Second E. K. Nayanar Ministry (1987–1991)
● Party/Coalition: LDF (CPI(M), CPI, RSP, JD)
● Key Policies:
○ Saksharatha Mission: Declared Kerala first fully literate state (1991).
○ District Councils: Predecessor to Panchayati Raj.
🟥 15. Fourth Karunakaran Ministry (1991–1995)
● Party/Coalition: UDF (INC, IUML, KC-M, CMP)
● Key Events:
○ ISRO Spy Case: Political fallout led to resignation in 1995.
🟥 16. Second A. K. Antony Ministry (1995–1996)
● Party/Coalition: UDF
● Key Policy:
○ Arrack Prohibition (1996): Responded to women-led anti-liquor agitation.
🟥 17. Third E. K. Nayanar Ministry (1996–2001)
● Party/Coalition: LDF (CPI(M), CPI, JD, RSP, INL)
● Key Policy:
○ People’s Planning Campaign (1996): Landmark decentralized planning model.
🟥 18. Second A. K. Antony Ministry (2001–2004)
● Party/Coalition: UDF
● Events: Muthanga firing, factionalism, poor LS poll result → resignation.
🟥 19. First Oommen Chandy Ministry (2004–2006)
● Party/Coalition: UDF
● Focus: Revived stalled projects like Vizhinjam port.
🟥 20. V. S. Achuthanandan Ministry (2006–2011)
● Party/Coalition: LDF
● Key Policies:
○ Paddy Land & Wetland Conservation Act (2008)
○ Munnar Encroachment Eviction Drive
○ SmartCity Kochi Agreement signed
🟥 21. Second Oommen Chandy Ministry (2011–2016)
● Party/Coalition: UDF
● Key Projects:
○ Kochi Metro, Kannur Airport, Digital Kerala, University reforms
🟥 22. First Pinarayi Vijayan Ministry (2016–2021)
● Party/Coalition: LDF
● Key Policies:
○ Nava Kerala Mission (LIFE, Aardram, Haritha Keralam, etc.)
○ Disaster Response: Nipah, 2018 floods, COVID
🟥 23. Second Pinarayi Vijayan Ministry (2021–present)
● Party/Coalition: LDF
● Key Policies:
○ K-FON: Free high-speed internet for BPL families
○ PRIDE Project: Transgender job inclusion initiative
○ Kochi Water Metro: India’s first water metro
🏅 UNIQUE FIRSTS / ACHIEVEMENTS
Achievement Year Note
First Communist Govt in India 1957 EMS Namboodiripad
First Use of EVM in India 1982 Paravoor constituency
First Fully Literate Town 1989 Kottayam
First Literate State 1991 Kerala via Saksharatha
Mission
First Water Metro in India 2021 Kochi
First Transgender Job Scheme 2023 PRIDE Project
First Woman Minister of Higher Ed 2021 R. Bindu
👤 MINISTERS WITH SPECIAL DISTINCTIONS
Minister Unique Features
E. M. S. First elected communist CM in the world
Namboodiripad
K. Karunakaran Resigned twice as CM; longest-serving Congress CM; linked to
ISRO and Rajan cases
Oommen Chandy MLA from Puthuppally 53 years; resigned twice
R. Balakrishna Pillai Resigned twice; jailed in Edamalayar case
K. B. Ganesh Kumar Actor; resigned twice due to personal controversies
Veena George First journalist Health Minister
R. Bindu First woman Higher Ed & Social Justice Minister
Saji Cherian Resigned over Constitution remark; re-inducted
M. V. Raghavan Expelled from CPI(M); architect of People's Planning
K. R. Gouri Amma Longest-serving woman minister; architect of land reforms
K. Radhakrishnan Speaker-turned-Minister; resigned after LS win (2024)
