Choose the best answer and shade it on the answer sheet.
1. Which statement best describes the difference between an element and a compound?
A. Elements can be broken down chemically, but compounds cannot.
B. Compounds are made of two or more elements chemically combined.
C. Elements contain mixtures of atoms and molecules.
D. Compounds are physically combined substances.
2. Which of the following subatomic particles has no charge and is found in the nucleus?
A. Proton
B. Electron
C. Neutron
D. Positron
3. The electronic configuration of magnesium (atomic number = 12) is:
A. 2, 8, 2
B. 2, 6, 4
C. 2, 8, 4
D. 2, 2, 8
4. Which diagram best represents a covalent bond between two oxygen atoms?
A. O⁻ → O⁺
B. O:O
C. O = O
D. O – O⁻
5. Which compound contains both ionic and covalent bonding?
A. CO₂
B. H₂O
C. NaCl
D. NH₄NO₃
6. Which of the following best explains why noble gases are unreactive?
A. They have a full outer shell of electrons.
B. They are metals.
C. They have low electronegativity.
D. They can form double bonds easily.
7. Which of the following is a chemical change?
A. Melting ice
B. Boiling alcohol
C. Rusting of iron
D. Breaking glass
8. Which of these reactions is the slowest under room conditions?
A. Magnesium in acid
B. Iron rusting
C. Firework explosion
D. Sodium in water
9. Which group contains elements that all have 7 valence electrons?
A. Group 0
B. Group 2
C. Group 7
D. Group 1
10.The formula for copper (II) sulfate is:
A. CuSO₃
B. Cu₂SO₄
C. CuSO₄
D. Cu₂(SO₄)₃
11.Which metal will displace zinc from zinc sulfate?
A. Copper
B. Magnesium
C. Silver
D. Gold
12.Which of the following substances has hydrogen bonding?
A. CO₂
B. H₂O
C. CH₄
D. NaCl
13.A student reacts 1 g of magnesium with hydrochloric acid and measures the gas
produced over time. This setup is best for studying:
A. Atomic number
B. Ionic bonding
C. Rate of reaction
D. Thermal decomposition
14.What color does the universal indicator turn in a strong acid?
A. Green
B. Red
C. Purple
D. Blue
15.The number of neutrons in an atom of carbon-14 is:
A. 14
B. 12
C. 6
D. 8
16.Which of the following substances is a base?
A. HCl
B. CH₄
C. NaOH
D. CO₂
17.What is the oxidation state of iron in Fe₂O₃?
A. +3
B. +2
C. 0
D. –3
18.The rate of reaction increases when:
A. Concentration decreases
B. Surface area increases
C. Temperature decreases
D. Catalyst is removed
19.Which structure explains the hardness of diamond?
A. Layers of atoms sliding past each other
B. Ions held by electrostatic forces
C. Each carbon bonded to four others in 3D network
D. Weak forces between carbon atoms
20.Which process is used to separate a mixture of sand and salt water?
A. Distillation
B. Chromatography
C. Filtration and evaporation
D. Electrolysis
Section B: Structured Questions (8 questions, some with
multiple parts = 80 marks)
Question 1: [Atoms & Isotopes, 6 marks]
a) Define the terms atomic number and mass number. (2)
b) An atom has 17 protons and 18 neutrons.
i) What is its atomic number? (1)
ii) What is its mass number? (1)
iii) What is this element, and is it an isotope? Explain. (2)
Question 2: [Bohr Model and Orbitals, 5 marks]
a) Draw the Bohr model for phosphorus (atomic number = 15). (2)
b) Write the orbital electron configuration for phosphorus. (2)
c) How many valence electrons does it have? (1)
Question 3: [Chemical Bonding & Dot Diagrams, 8 marks]
a) Draw Lewis Dot diagrams for:
i) H₂O
ii) O₂ (double bond) (4)
b) Explain why ionic compounds have high melting points. (2)
c) Define electronegativity and its role in determining polarity. (2)
Question 4: [Reactivity Series Experiment, 10 marks]
A student adds zinc, magnesium, iron, and copper to separate test tubes containing dilute
hydrochloric acid.
a) Predict the order of reactivity of these metals based on fizzing observed. (2)
b) Write a balanced equation for magnesium reacting with HCl. (2)
c) Why does copper not react? (2)
d) State one safety precaution. (1)
e) Design a table to record observations of the experiment. (3)
Question 5: [Rates of Reaction & Graphs, 10 marks]
You are given the following data from a marble chip and HCl experiment:
Time (s) Volume of CO₂ (cm³)
0 0
10 20
20 35
30 45
40 50
50 50
a) Plot a graph of volume of gas vs time. (4)
b) Describe the shape of the graph and explain what it means. (2)
c) Calculate the average rate of reaction for the first 20 seconds. (2)
d) State one way to increase the rate. (2)
Question 6: [Compounds and Equations, 10 marks]
a) Name the following compounds:
i) FeCl₂
ii) K₂CO₃
iii) NH₄NO₃ (3)
b) Write balanced chemical equations for:
i) Sodium + Water → Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen (2)
ii) Calcium carbonate + Hydrochloric acid → Calcium chloride + CO₂ + H₂O (2)
c) Why must equations be balanced? (1)
d) What is meant by a “polyatomic ion”? Give one example. (2)
Question 7: [Acids and Alkalis, Indicators, 6 marks]
a) State the color of litmus, methyl orange, and universal indicator in HCl and NaOH. (3)
b) A student mixes vinegar and baking soda. What gas is produced? (1)
c) Describe a test to confirm the gas. (2)
Question 9: [Electron Arrangement & Periodic Properties, 5 marks]
Chlorine and sulfur are both nonmetals in Period 3.
a) Write the Bohr electron arrangement for both elements. (2)
b) Which element is more electronegative? Explain. (2)
c) Which one would form a negative ion more easily, and why? (1)
Question 10: [Ionic Compounds and Properties, 5 marks]
Aluminum reacts with sulfur to form aluminum sulfide.
a) Write the formula of aluminum sulfide. (1)
b) Explain how the charges on the ions were determined. (2)
c) Would you expect this compound to conduct electricity when solid or molten? Explain. (2)
Question 11: [Isotopes & Atomic Structure, 5 marks]
The element neon has three isotopes: Ne-20, Ne-21, and Ne-22.
a) Define isotope. (1)
b) How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does Ne-22 have? (3)
c) Which isotope is most abundant if the average atomic mass of neon is 20.18? Justify. (1)
Question 12: [Reaction Types and Equations, 5 marks]
A student burns magnesium in air and collects the white powder formed.
a) What type of reaction is this? (1)
b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction. (2)
c) Describe how you could confirm that a chemical change has occurred. (2)
Question 13: [Orbital Diagrams and Transition Elements, 5 marks]
Iron (Fe) is a transition metal with atomic number 26.
a) Write the full orbital configuration of iron. (2)
b) Which orbitals are partially filled? (1)
c) State one common property of transition metals and link it to their structure. (2)
Question 14: [Rate Experiments & Collision Theory, 5 marks]
You are given powdered calcium carbonate and marble chips.
a) Which will react faster with HCl and why? (2)
b) Explain using collision theory. (2)
c) How does increasing temperature affect particle collisions? (1)
Question 15: [Displacement Reactions & Reactivity Series, 5 marks]
A student adds iron filings to copper(II) sulfate solution.
a) Write a balanced ionic equation for the reaction. (2)
b) Explain why a reaction occurs using the reactivity series. (2)
c) What color change would be observed? (1)
Question 16: [Covalent Bonding & Molecular Structure, 5 marks]
Carbon forms several covalent compounds.
a) Draw the Lewis Dot structure for carbon dioxide (CO₂). (2)
b) Why is CO₂ a nonpolar molecule even though the bonds are polar? (2) → don't need to know
this but essentially the way co2 is arranged is symmetrical so dipoles cancel each other out
c) Name one simple covalent molecule that is a liquid at room temperature. (1)l
Question 17: [Neutralization & Experimental Design, 5 marks]
You are asked to design an experiment to neutralize hydrochloric acid using sodium hydroxide.
a) State the word and balanced chemical equation. (2)
b) Describe how you would carry out the experiment using universal indicator to confirm
neutrality. (3)
Question 18: [Intermolecular Forces & Water, 5 marks]
Water has unique properties due to its molecular interactions.
a) Describe the type of intermolecular forces present between water molecules. (1)
b) Explain how these forces affect water’s boiling point. (2)
c) Compare these forces in water and in carbon dioxide. (2)
1. Draw Lewis structures for the following molecules and ions. For each one, state the
type of bond (single, double, or triple) and the total number of lone pairs.
a) O₂ (oxygen gas)
b) NH₃ (ammonia)
c) CO₂ (carbon dioxide)
d) CH₄ (methane)
e) H₂O (water)
f) NO₃⁻ (nitrate ion)
