Print ISSN: 0215-0411 - Online ISSN : 0215-0419

Volume: 4, Issue: 2, Summer 2025

SPECIAL
ISSUE
Special Issue
Summer 2025

Khyber Multidimensional Strategic Proposal

for Revitalizing
Journal of
Public Economic Corporation
Policy Organization (ECO)
KJPP
A Compendium of
Fourteen Technical Proposals

Building Regional Synergy:

A Multisectoral Strategy for
Deepening Socio-Economic
Ties in the ECO Region
National
NIPA Institute of
Public
Administration

Dr. Muqeem Islam

National Phd (Public Policy & Governance) NDU
School of
Public
M Phil (Economic Development)
Policy Chief Instructor, NIPA, Peshawar
Former Director General (NAVTTC), GoP
[email protected], 0092-343-5090648
Khyber
Journal of Print ISSN: 0215-0411 - Online ISSN : 0215-0419
Volume: 4, Issue: 2, Summer 2025

Public Special Issue

Summer 2025
Policy

Multidimensional Strategic Proposal

for Revitalizing
Economic Corporation
Organization (ECO)

A Compendium of
Fourteen Technical Proposals

Building Regional Synergy:

A Multisectoral Strategy for
Deepening Socio-Economic
Ties in the ECO Region

Dr. Muqeem Islam

Phd (Public Policy & Governance) NDU
M Phil (Economic Development)
Chief Instructor, NIPA, Peshawar
Former Director General (NAVTTC), GoP
[email protected], 0092-343-5090648
 Disclaimer

The views, analyses, and recommendations expressed in this

publication are solely those of the author in his personal capacity. They
do not reflect the official policy, position, or endorsement of any
institution with which the author has been associated, including the
National School of Public Policy (NSPP) and the National Institute of
Public Administration (NIPA), Peshawar. Any references to public
institutions, government practices, or reform suggestions are intended
solely for academic and policy discourse. They must not be construed
as representing the official stance of the aforementioned organizations.
The author assumes full responsibility for the content and
interpretation of the material presented herein.

Usage and Acknowledgement Note

This work has been disseminated within policy and academic circles in
the spirit of contributing to national development, institutional reform,
and the economic prosperity of the citizens of Pakistan. It is intended
solely for constructive dialogue and public policy improvement in the
national interest.

The content may be used, shared, or cited freely for non-commercial

and scholarly purposes, provided that proper attribution and
acknowledgment of the author and source are clearly given in all
instances of use.

Completed and disseminated on December, 2024

 Table of Content

1. Preface
2. Introduction to ECO
3. ECO Cooperation in Tourism and Transport
4. ECO Cooperation in Sports and Cultural Exchange
5. ECO Cooperation in Defence Production and Capacity Building of Defence
Personnel
6. ECO Cooperation in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET)
7. ECO Cooperation in Higher Education and Academic Mobility
8. ECO Cooperation in the Training and Development of Civil Servants
9. ECO Cooperation in the Training of Diplomats and Officers of Foreign Ministries
10. ECO Cooperation among Chambers of Commerce and Trade Bodies
11. ECO Cooperation for Food Security and Agricultural Development
12. ECO Cooperation in Construction Machinery and the Automotive Industry
13. ECO Cooperation in Renewable Energy, Electricity, Gas, and Petroleum Sectors
14. ECO Cooperation in Aviation Control, Air Transport, and Air Cargo Systems
15. ECO Cooperation for Establishing an Integrated Rail Network
16. ECO Cooperation for Developing an Integrated Road Network and Cross-Border
Bus Services
 Preface

“Revitalizing ECO: A Twelve-Point Agenda for Regional Collaboration and Development”

The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) represents a historically interconnected and

strategically significant regional bloc comprising Turkey, Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan,
Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan. These nations, bound by centuries
of shared culture, commerce, and civilizational exchange, are uniquely positioned to evolve into a
robust platform for regional cooperation and integration. While the establishment of ECO marked a
milestone in regional diplomacy and economic alignment, the level of institutional cooperation and
strategic convergence among member states remains below its potential. Recognizing this
opportunity—and the imperative to translate shared heritage into meaningful action—a series of
fourteen (14) strategic concept papers have been prepared to foster multidimensional cooperation
among ECO member countries.

These concept papers are being presented in the context of the 29th Meeting of the ECO Regional
Planning Council (RPC), held from December 17–20, 2018, in Tehran, Iran. The RPC has invited
member states to submit proposals for inclusion in the work plan for the upcoming calendar year 2019.
In response, this compendium of proposals outlines actionable frameworks across fourteen critical
areas of cooperation:

1. Tourism and Transport

2. Sports
3. Defence Production and Training
4. Technical and Vocational Training
5. Higher Education
6. Training of Civil Servants
7. Training of Diplomats and Foreign Ministry Officers
8. Chamber of Commerce and Trade Cooperation
9. Food Security and Agricultural Development
10. Construction Machinery and Automotive Industry
11. Electrical, Solar Energy, Gas, and Petroleum
12. Aviation Control, Air Transport, and Air Cargo
13. Integrated ECO Rail Network
14. Integrated ECO Road Network and Bus Service

These proposals are intended to serve as a strategic roadmap for reinvigorating ECO’s mission. To
ensure progress from concept to implementation, a three-pronged strategy is recommended:

• Diplomatic Endorsement: Joint diplomatic engagement by the Foreign Ministries of

Pakistan and Turkey to promote these initiatives within ECO’s ministerial and decision-
making forums.
• Institutional Mechanism: The establishment of a dedicated Directorate General under the
ECO framework, potentially headquartered in Ankara or Islamabad, with necessary
institutional and financial support.
• Operational Integration: Clear implementation mechanisms defined in each concept paper,
ensuring feasibility, collaboration, and measurable outcomes.

This document is submitted with the hope that ECO member countries will consider these proposals
in a spirit of shared vision and mutual advancement.

Dr. Muqeem Islam

Former Director General, NAVTTC
03435090648, [email protected]
Afghanistan, Azerbaijan , Iran , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyz Republic, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Türkiye, Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan
 The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO):
Historical Evolution, Institutional Framework,
Achievements, and Future Prospects

Abstract

The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) is a regional intergovernmen-

tal body comprising ten member states in South and Central Asia, the Middle East,
and Europe. Established to foster economic, technical, and cultural cooperation,
ECO represents a market of over 500 million people with significant geostrate-
gic importance. This paper examines ECO’s historical development, institutional
structure, key achievements, and future prospects. It provides detailed profiles of
member countries, including their economies, populations, and geographical con-
texts, and proposes strategic directions for enhancing ECO’s role in a dynamic
global landscape.

1 Introduction
The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) is a regional intergovernmental organiza-
tion uniting ten member states: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Founded to promote eco-
nomic, technical, and cultural collaboration, ECO spans a geostrategically vital region
connecting South Asia, Central Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. With a collective
population exceeding 500 million, abundant natural resources, and deep historical ties,
ECO is positioned to drive regional integration and address global challenges. This paper
analyzes ECO’s evolution, institutional framework, achievements, and future potential,
emphasizing the socioeconomic profiles of its member states.

2 Historical and Diplomatic Development

ECO’s origins trace to the Regional Cooperation for Development (RCD), established in
1964 by Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey to promote economic and cultural ties. The RCD
operated until 1979, when geopolitical shifts, notably the Iranian Revolution, led to its
dissolution. In 1985, the three founding members relaunched cooperation under the ECO
banner. A significant expansion occurred in 1992, following the Soviet Union’s dissolu-

1
tion, with the inclusion of Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. This expansion transformed ECO into a broader regional
platform, enhancing its scope and influence.

3 Institutional Framework and ECO Charter

The ECO Charter, adopted in 1996 in Izmir, Turkey, outlines the organization’s princi-
ples, emphasizing sovereignty, non-interference, peaceful dispute resolution, and mutual
economic benefit. ECO’s institutional structure includes:
• Council of Ministers (COM): The highest decision-making body, comprising foreign
ministers, sets strategic policies.
• Council of Permanent Representatives (CPR): Tehran-based representatives ensure
coordination and implementation.
• Regional Planning Council (RPC): Composed of planning organization heads, it for-
mulates economic strategies.
• ECO Secretariat: Headquartered in Tehran, it oversees daily operations and program
execution.
• Specialized Agencies: Including the ECO Trade and Development Bank (Turkey),
ECO Cultural Institute (Iran), and ECO Science Foundation (Pakistan).

4 Decision-Making Mechanism
ECO operates on a consensus-based decision-making model. The COM establishes policy
frameworks and approves programs, while the RPC develops sectoral plans. The Secre-
tariat, supported by technical committees, monitors implementation. This structure
ensures collective agreement but can delay action due to diverse national priorities.

5 Past Achievements
ECO has made strides in multiple domains despite challenges:
• Trade and Transport: The ECO Trade Agreement (ECOTA) and Transit Transport
Framework Agreement (TTFA) facilitate regional trade and connectivity, exemplified
by the Istanbul-Tehran-Islamabad railway.
• Energy Cooperation: Initiatives like the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India
(TAPI) pipeline and CASA-1000 electricity project enhance energy security.
• Education and Culture: The ECO Cultural Institute and scholarship programs foster
academic and cultural exchange.
• Disaster Risk Management: Regional workshops and joint action plans address climate
and disaster challenges.

2
6 Member Countries: Socioeconomic and Geographical Profiles
ECO’s member states exhibit diverse economic, demographic, and geographical charac-
teristics, as detailed below:
• Afghanistan: A landlocked nation of 41.1 million (2023 est.), with a GDP per capita
of $356 (2023, IMF). Its economy relies on agriculture and aid, constrained by conflict.
Pashto and Dari are primary languages. Area: 652,230 km².
• Azerbaijan: Population of 10.2 million, with a GDP per capita of $7,155 (2023, IMF).
Rich in oil and gas, it serves as an energy hub. Azerbaijani is the official language.
Area: 86,600 km².
• Iran: A population of 89.8 million and a GDP per capita of $4,670 (2023, IMF). Its
economy is driven by oil, gas, and manufacturing. Persian is the official language.
Area: 1,648,195 km².
• Kazakhstan: With 20.0 million people and a GDP per capita of $13,137 (2023, IMF),
it is a resource-rich nation focusing on oil and minerals. Kazakh and Russian are
official languages. Area: 2,724,900 km².
• Kyrgyzstan: Population of 7.1 million, with a GDP per capita of $1,970 (2023, IMF).
Hydropower and tourism are key sectors. Kyrgyz and Russian are official languages.
Area: 199,951 km².
• Pakistan: A nuclear power with 240.5 million people and a GDP per capita of $1,407
(2023, IMF). Agriculture, textiles, and remittances drive its economy. Urdu and En-
glish are official languages. Area: 881,913 km².
• Tajikistan: Population of 10.1 million, with a GDP per capita of $1,189 (2023, IMF).
Hydropower and remittances are central. Tajik is the official language. Area: 143,100
km².
• Turkey: A NATO member with 85.3 million people and a GDP per capita of $12,849
(2023, IMF). Its diversified economy spans manufacturing and services. Turkish is the
official language. Area: 783,562 km².
• Turkmenistan: Population of 6.5 million, with a GDP per capita of $9,230 (2023,
IMF). Natural gas dominates its economy. Turkmen is the official language. Area:
488,100 km².
• Uzbekistan: The most populous Central Asian state with 36.8 million people and a
GDP per capita of $2,496 (2023, IMF). Agriculture and gold are key sectors. Uzbek
is the official language. Area: 447,400 km².

7 Future Prospects in a Changing Global Scenario

ECO’s strategic position offers opportunities to address emerging global trends:

3
• Digital Connectivity: Investments in ICT infrastructure and e-commerce platforms
can enhance regional integration.
• Green Economy: Collaborative renewable energy projects and climate resilience ini-
tiatives align with global sustainability goals.
• Youth and Skill Development: Harmonized technical and vocational education systems
and innovation hubs can empower the region’s youth.
• Security and Stability: Cooperative border management and counter-terrorism efforts
are critical for regional stability.
• Institutional Strengthening: Enhancing the Secretariat’s capacity and streamlining
decision-making will improve efficiency.

8 Conclusion
The Economic Cooperation Organization holds transformative potential for regional in-
tegration. By leveraging its diverse membership, strategic location, and institutional
framework, ECO can address pressing challenges like climate change and economic dis-
parity. Moving from declarations to actionable outcomes requires strengthened institu-
tions, mutual trust, and a focus on people-centered development. With concerted efforts,
ECO can emerge as a pivotal force in fostering shared prosperity and global relevance.

4
 Proposal 1: Enhanced Cooperation in Tourism and
Transport Among ECO Member Countries
Dr Muqeem Islam, PhD (Public Policy
Governance) NDU [email protected], +92 343 5090648
December 2018

Abstract
This proposal outlines a strategic framework for fostering cooperation among Eco-
nomic Cooperation Organization (ECO) member countries in the domains of tourism and
transport. Leveraging the region’s rich cultural heritage and scenic landscapes, the ini-
tiative aims to enhance economic growth, employment, and regional integration through
collaborative tourism strategies and improved transport connectivity. Drawing on success-
ful models from regional organizations such as the European Union (EU) and the Asso-
ciation of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), this paper proposes the establishment of
joint committees, networked tourism operators, a regional bus service, unified marketing
strategies, a hotel network, and enhanced road connectivity. Implementation mechanisms
include feasibility studies, stakeholder workshops, and annual ministerial meetings to en-
sure consensus and financial viability. This framework seeks to position the ECO region
as a competitive global tourism destination.

1 Introduction
The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), comprising ten member countries, holds sig-
nificant potential for tourism development due to its diverse cultural heritage and natural at-
tractions. This proposal, presented at the 29th Meeting of the ECO Regional Planning Council
(RPC) in Tehran, Iran, from December 17–20, 2018, advocates for enhanced cooperation in
tourism and transport. Tourism is a critical economic driver, contributing to GDP, employment,
and socio-cultural integration (?). By adopting collaborative strategies inspired by regional
bodies like the EU and ASEAN, ECO member countries can unlock economic opportunities
and strengthen regional ties.

2 Proposed Framework for Cooperation

The proposed framework focuses on six strategic pillars to enhance tourism and transport con-
nectivity across ECO member countries:

a. Joint Committee for Tourism and Culture: Establish a committee comprising rep-
resentatives from the Ministries of Culture and Tourism of ECO member countries to
identify and prioritize collaborative initiatives.

1
 b. Network of Tourism Operators: Create a regional network of tour operators, airlines,
and communication associations, supported by a unified web portal to streamline infor-
mation sharing and coordination.

c. ECO Bus Service: Develop a government-backed bus service to facilitate cross-border

tourist movement, with designated facilitation centers for visa and immigration pro-
cesses.

d. Unified Marketing Strategies: Formulate joint marketing campaigns targeting key in-
ternational markets, including Europe, North America, and East Asia, to enhance the
region’s global tourism appeal.

e. Hotel Network: Foster a network of hotels and motels through regional associations to
standardize services and promote tourism infrastructure development.

f. Road Connectivity: Prioritize the development of a connected road network, including

critical links such as the Wakhan Corridor, to improve accessibility and continuity across
borders.

To ensure sustained progress, an annual meeting of the Ministries of Tourism is proposed

to coordinate efforts and monitor implementation.

3 Implementation Mechanisms
The following mechanisms are designed to operationalize the proposed framework, ensuring
consensus, resource mobilization, and effective execution:

1. Joint Committee Formation

• Action: Convene an inaugural meeting during the 29th RPC in Tehran to establish
the Joint Committee for Tourism and Culture.
• Objective: Define the committees mandate, structure, and priority areas for coop-
eration.

2. Tourism Operators Network

• Action: Organize a workshop during the RPC to engage representatives from tour
operators, airlines, and communication associations.
• Objective: Lay the foundation for a regional network and a common web portal to
facilitate collaboration.

3. ECO Bus Service Development

• Action: Commission a feasibility study to evaluate routes, costs, and operational

requirements for the ECO Bus Service.
• Objective: Provide data-driven insights to support the establishment of a cross-
border bus service.

4. Marketing Strategy Development

2
 • Action: Form a working group of marketing and tourism experts from member
countries.
• Objective: Develop targeted campaigns to attract international tourists from high-
potential markets.

5. Hotel Network Establishment

• Action: Initiate dialogues with hotel and motel associations to explore partnership
opportunities.
• Objective: Enhance tourism infrastructure through standardized services and col-
laborative initiatives.

6. Road Network Connectivity

• Action: Identify stakeholders and funding sources for constructing missing road
links, such as the Wakhan Corridor.
• Objective: Improve cross-border accessibility and connectivity for tourists.

7. Annual Ministerial Meetings

• Action: Propose the inclusion of an annual tourism ministerial meeting in the 29th
RPC agenda.
• Objective: Secure formal approval for a recurring platform to coordinate tourism
initiatives.

8. Financial Mobilization

• Action: Develop a funding proposal for submission to international organizations,

development banks, and member countries.
• Objective: Secure resources for infrastructure, marketing, and operational initia-
tives.

4 Expected Outcomes
The proposed initiatives are expected to yield significant economic and social benefits:

• Economic Growth: Enhanced tourism activity will contribute to GDP and employment
across member countries.

• Regional Integration: Improved transport connectivity and cultural exchange will strengthen
ties among ECO nations.

• Global Competitiveness: Unified marketing and infrastructure improvements will posi-

tion the ECO region as a leading tourism destination.

3
5 Conclusion
The ECO regions rich cultural and natural assets present a unique opportunity to develop a
robust tourism and transport ecosystem. By adopting the proposed strategies and implemen-
tation mechanisms, member countries can foster economic growth, enhance regional connec-
tivity, and elevate their global tourism profile. The 29th RPC meeting provides a critical plat-
form to initiate these efforts, with the proposed annual ministerial meetings ensuring sustained
progress.

4
 Proposal 2: Enhanced Cooperation in Sports Among
ECO Member Countries
Dr. Muqeem Islam, PhD (Public Policy & Governance)
National Defence University
[email protected], +92 343 5090648
December 2018

Abstract
This proposal outlines a strategic framework for fostering cooperation in sports among
Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) member countries, presented at the 29th Meet-
ing of the ECO Regional Planning Council (RPC) in Tehran, Iran, from December 17–20,
2018. By leveraging sports as a platform for cultural exchange, economic growth, and
regional integration, the initiative proposes annual joint competitions, a regional sports
board, an association of sports bodies, collaborative training programs, friendly matches,
infrastructure development, sports tourism, anti-doping measures, womens empowerment
in sports, and partnerships with international sports organizations. Implementation mecha-
nisms include stakeholder workshops, feasibility studies, and annual ministerial meetings
to ensure consensus and effective execution. This framework aims to enhance sporting
excellence, promote inclusivity, and strengthen solidarity across the ECO region.

1 Introduction
The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), encompassing ten member countries, pos-
sesses significant potential to harness sports as a catalyst for regional integration, cultural ex-
change, and economic development. Sports foster camaraderie, promote healthy lifestyles,
and contribute to socio-economic growth (?). This proposal, presented at the 29th ECO RPC
meeting in Tehran, Iran, advocates for enhanced cooperation in sports to strengthen ties among
member countries, drawing inspiration from successful regional models such as the European
Unions sports initiatives and the Asian Games.

2 Proposed Framework for Cooperation

The proposed framework comprises ten strategic initiatives to advance sports cooperation across
ECO member countries:

a. Annual Joint Sports Competitions: Organize annual multi-sport competitions, rotat-

ing hosting duties among member countries capitals to promote cultural exchange and
athletic excellence.

1
 b. Joint Sports Board: Establish a regional sports board to oversee the planning, coordi-
nation, and execution of sporting events, ensuring effective collaboration.

c. Association of Individual Sports Bodies: Create a specialized association to streamline

collaboration, share best practices, and promote diverse sports disciplines.

d. Sports Training Cooperation: Develop joint training programs focusing on skill devel-
opment, coaching education, and athlete exchange to elevate regional sporting standards.

e. Friendly Matches: Facilitate regular friendly matches across various sports to foster
sportsmanship, camaraderie, and cultural understanding.

f. Sports Infrastructure Development: Collaborate on constructing and upgrading stadi-

ums, training facilities, and sports complexes to support regional sports growth.

g. Sports Tourism Promotion: Leverage sporting events to boost tourism through joint
marketing campaigns targeting international sports enthusiasts.

h. Anti-Doping Measures: Implement regional anti-doping programs, including testing

facilities and educational initiatives, to ensure fair play and compliance with international
standards.

i. Womens Empowerment in Sports: Promote gender equality through initiatives ensur-

ing equal access to resources, opportunities, and leadership roles for women and girls.

j. International Sports Collaboration: Strengthen partnerships with global organizations

like the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to enhance visibility, funding, and par-
ticipation in international events.

To sustain these initiatives, an annual meeting of the Ministries of Sports is proposed to

coordinate efforts and monitor progress.

3 Implementation Mechanisms
The following mechanisms are designed to operationalize the proposed framework, ensuring
consensus, resource mobilization, and effective execution:

1. 29th RPC Meeting Coordination

• Action: Ensure robust participation in the 29th RPC meeting in Tehran to present
and discuss the sports cooperation proposal.
• Objective: Foster consensus and commitment among member countries for the pro-
posed initiatives.

2. Annual Joint Sports Competitions

• Action: Initiate discussions to establish a rotation schedule for hosting annual multi-
sport competitions.
• Objective: Create a sustainable framework for regular sporting events promoting
cultural exchange.

2
3. Joint Sports Board Formation

• Action: Convene a working group to draft the charter and objectives of the Joint
Sports Board.
• Objective: Establish a governing body to oversee regional sports initiatives and
coordination.

4. Association of Sports Bodies

• Action: Facilitate workshops with national sports federations to form a regional

association.
• Objective: Promote collaboration and best practice sharing across diverse sports
disciplines.

5. Sports Training Programs

• Action: Partner with sports training institutions to develop joint programs for skill
development and coaching.
• Objective: Enhance athletic competitiveness through knowledge and expertise ex-
change.

6. Friendly Matches Organization

• Action: Coordinate with national sports federations to schedule friendly matches

across various sports.
• Objective: Foster sportsmanship and cultural ties through competitive and friendly
engagements.

7. Sports Infrastructure Development

• Action: Conduct assessments to identify priority areas for infrastructure upgrades

and initiate collaborative projects.
• Objective: Enhance facilities to support the growth of sports activities across the
region.

8. Sports Tourism Promotion

• Action: Launch joint marketing campaigns to position ECO countries as premier

sports tourism destinations.
• Objective: Attract international spectators and boost regional tourism revenue.

9. Anti-Doping Measures

• Action: Establish a task force to develop anti-doping programs aligned with inter-
national standards.
• Objective: Ensure integrity and fairness in regional sports competitions.

10. Womens Empowerment in Sports

• Action: Allocate resources for initiatives promoting gender equality in sports par-
ticipation and leadership.

3
 • Objective: Foster inclusivity and diversity within the regional sports community.

11. International Sports Collaboration

• Action: Engage with international sports organizations to facilitate exchange pro-

grams and funding opportunities.
• Objective: Elevate ECO countries visibility and participation in global sports events.

4 Expected Outcomes
The proposed initiatives are expected to deliver significant benefits:

• Economic Growth: Sports tourism and infrastructure development will stimulate local
economies and create jobs.

• Cultural Exchange: Joint competitions and friendly matches will foster mutual under-
standing and solidarity.

• Sporting Excellence: Training programs and anti-doping measures will elevate regional
athletic standards.

• Inclusivity: Womens empowerment initiatives will promote gender equality and diversity
in sports.

5 Conclusion
By implementing the proposed framework, ECO member countries can leverage sports to en-
hance regional cooperation, economic development, and cultural ties. The 29th RPC meeting
provides a critical platform to initiate these efforts, with annual ministerial meetings ensuring
sustained progress. This initiative positions the ECO region as a vibrant hub for sports and
cultural exchange.

4
 Proposal 3: Enhanced Cooperation in Defence
Training and Production Among ECO Member
Countries
Dr. Muqeem Islam, PhD (Public Policy & Governance)
National Defence University
[email protected], +92 343 5090648
December 2018

Abstract
This proposal, presented at the 29th Meeting of the Economic Cooperation Organi-
zation (ECO) Regional Planning Council (RPC) in Tehran, Iran, from December 17–20,
2018, outlines a strategic framework to enhance cooperation in defence training and pro-
duction among ECO member countries. Recognizing defence as a cornerstone of national
security and economic prosperity, the initiative promotes dialogue among military leader-
ship, trainer exchange programs, mutual trade in defence equipment, and collaborative pro-
duction ventures. Implementation mechanisms include high-level meetings, stakeholder
engagement, funding exploration, and robust monitoring systems. By leveraging collec-
tive strengths, this framework aims to foster technological exchange, reduce dependency
on imports, and advance regional security and economic growth.

1 Introduction
The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), comprising ten member countries, recognizes
defence training and production as critical pillars of national security and economic develop-
ment. Collaborative defence initiatives during peacetime can drive technological advancement,
economic growth, and regional stability (?). This proposal, presented at the 29th ECO RPC
meeting, seeks to enhance cooperation in defence training and production, drawing on suc-
cessful models of regional collaboration such as NATOs defence partnerships and ASEANs
security frameworks. By fostering dialogue, knowledge sharing, and joint production, ECO
countries can strengthen collective security and reduce reliance on external suppliers.

2 Objectives
The primary objective is to enhance cooperation in defence training and production among
ECO member countries. Specific objectives include:

1. Facilitating dialogue and strategic alignment among military leadership.

2. Promoting knowledge sharing and skill development through trainer exchange programs.

1
 3. Stimulating economic growth by fostering intra-regional trade in defence equipment.
4. Encouraging technological exchange and collaborative production to enhance self-reliance.

3 Proposed Framework for Cooperation

The following initiatives are proposed to achieve the stated objectives:

1. Joint Committee of Chiefs of Army, Navy, and Air Forces

• Establish a committee comprising Chiefs of Army, Navy, and Air Forces from ECO
member countries.
• Facilitate dialogue on defence strategy, training, and production to align regional
priorities.
2. Trainer Exchange Program
• Initiate annual exchanges focusing on military, aviation, and naval training.
• Promote knowledge sharing, skill development, and cultural exchange among de-
fence personnel.
3. Mutual Trade in Defence Equipment
• Develop trade agreements to facilitate intra-regional exchange of defence-related
requirements.
• Reduce dependency on costly international imports, stimulating economic growth.
4. Collaborative Production of Armaments
• Foster technology exchange and joint ventures for producing key defence equip-
ment.
• Enhance innovation, competitiveness, and self-reliance in regional defence produc-
tion.

4 Implementation Mechanisms
To operationalize the proposed framework, the following mechanisms are outlined to ensure
consensus, momentum, funding, and effective execution:

1. Creating Consensus
• Action: Convene high-level meetings during the 29th RPC to discuss the proposal
and align member countries priorities.
• Objective: Present data-driven evidence of mutual benefits, address concerns, and
secure agreement on collaborative initiatives.
2. Gathering Momentum
• Action: Engage defence ministries, military leadership, and industry experts through
workshops and regional forums.

2
 • Objective: Build support by sharing success stories from global defence coopera-
tion models and leveraging diplomatic channels.

3. Securing Finances

• Action: Explore funding from government budgets, international grants, and private
sector investments, and establish dedicated financing mechanisms.
• Objective: Secure resources to support training programs, trade initiatives, and pro-
duction ventures.

4. Implementation

• Action: Form task forces to develop detailed action plans, monitor progress, and
ensure transparency through regular reporting.
• Objective: Execute initiatives efficiently, track outcomes, and address challenges
promptly to achieve successful implementation.

5 Expected Outcomes
The proposed initiatives are expected to yield significant benefits:

• Enhanced Security: Strengthened defence capabilities through shared knowledge and

resources.

• Economic Growth: Intra-regional trade and production ventures will reduce import
costs and stimulate local economies.

• Technological Advancement: Collaborative production will foster innovation and self-

reliance.

• Regional Cohesion: Dialogue and exchanges will enhance trust and cooperation among
member countries.

6 Conclusion
By adopting the proposed framework, ECO member countries can leverage collective strengths
to enhance defence training and production, fostering regional security, economic prosperity,
and technological advancement. The 29th RPC meeting provides a pivotal opportunity to ini-
tiate these efforts, with task forces and monitoring mechanisms ensuring sustained progress.
This initiative positions the ECO region as a collaborative hub for defence innovation and co-
operation.

3
 Proposal 4: Enhanced Cooperation in Technical and
Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Among
ECO Member Countries
Dr. Muqeem Islam, PhD (Public Policy & Governance)
National Defence University
[email protected], +92 343 5090648
December 2018

Abstract
This proposal, presented at the 29th Meeting of the Economic Cooperation Organi-
zation (ECO) Regional Planning Council (RPC) in Tehran, Iran, from December 10–13,
2018, outlines a strategic framework to enhance cooperation in Technical and Vocational
Education and Training (TVET) among ECO member countries. Recognizing TVETs
critical role in economic development, labor productivity, and regional competitiveness,
the initiative proposes a Joint Forum of TVET Authorities, a Joint Action Committee, an-
nual conferences, and a common e-learning platform, with a focus on high-tech trades
such as Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Mechatronics. Implementation mechanisms
include stakeholder consultations, resource mobilization, and robust monitoring systems.
By fostering collaboration, this framework aims to align vocational qualifications, share
best practices, and position the ECO region as a hub for skilled labor and technological
innovation.

1 Introduction
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is a cornerstone of economic devel-
opment, equipping individuals with skills to enhance labor productivity and global competi-
tiveness (?). Despite the ECO regions potential, cooperation in TVET lags behind regional
bodies like the European Union (EU), Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), and ASEAN. This
proposal, presented at the 29th ECO RPC meeting, advocates for enhanced TVET collabora-
tion to strengthen economies, drawing on success stories from countries like Germany, Taiwan,
and South Korea. By aligning qualification frameworks, sharing resources, and embracing
high-tech trades, ECO member countries can address skill gaps and foster regional prosperity.

2 Objectives
The primary objective is to foster enhanced cooperation in TVET among ECO member coun-
tries. Specific objectives include:

1
 1. Achieving equivalency, recognition, and referencing of vocational qualification frame-
works.

2. Supporting TVET sector reforms through mutual collaboration.

3. Sharing experiences and assisting countries in TVET reform processes.

4. Developing e-learning and video-based training materials for efficient dissemination.

5. Establishing a common e-learning platform for resource sharing.

6. Prioritizing high-tech trades such as Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Mechatronics.

7. Convening an annual TVET conference to facilitate knowledge exchange.

3 Proposed Framework for Cooperation

The following initiatives are proposed to achieve the stated objectives:

a. Joint Forum of TVET Authorities

• Facilitate collaboration among TVET authorities to align qualification frameworks,

support reforms, and share best practices.
• Develop e-learning materials and a common platform, focusing on high-tech trades.
• Organize an annual TVET conference to promote dialogue and capacity building.

b. Joint Action Committee

• Coordinate and implement the proposed initiatives, ensuring alignment with re-
gional priorities.
• Oversee planning, resource allocation, and execution of collaborative projects.

c. Annual Meetings of TVET Bodies

• Convene annual meetings, rotating among member countries capitals, to foster reg-
ular dialogue.
• Host countries cover local expenses, with travel costs sponsored by respective For-
eign Ministries.

4 Implementation Mechanisms
To operationalize the proposed framework, the following mechanisms are outlined to ensure
consensus, momentum, funding, and effective execution:

1. Creating Consensus

• Action: Launch an awareness campaign and conduct stakeholder consultations dur-

ing the 29th RPC to highlight TVET cooperation benefits.
• Objective: Build consensus through policy dialogues addressing concerns and align-
ing priorities.

2
 2. Gathering Momentum
• Action: Secure endorsements from policymakers and conduct capacity-building
workshops for TVET authorities.
• Objective: Foster enthusiasm and relationships through networking events and sem-
inars.
3. Securing Finances
• Action: Develop a resource mobilization strategy, apply for grants from interna-
tional donors, and explore public-private partnerships.
• Objective: Secure funding for e-learning platforms, training materials, and confer-
ences.
4. Implementation
• Action: Establish the Joint Forum and Joint Action Committee via formal agree-
ments, organize annual meetings, and develop e-learning resources.
• Objective: Execute initiatives efficiently, ensuring collaboration and resource shar-
ing.
5. Monitoring and Evaluation
• Action: Implement progress reports, feedback mechanisms, and impact assess-
ments to track e-learning uptake and conference participation.
• Objective: Ensure continuous improvement and accountability in TVET coopera-
tion efforts.

5 Expected Outcomes
The proposed initiatives are expected to yield significant benefits:
• Economic Growth: Enhanced TVET systems will improve labor productivity and re-
gional competitiveness.
• Skill Alignment: Equivalency of qualifications will facilitate labor mobility and skill
recognition.
• Technological Advancement: Focus on high-tech trades will position the ECO region as
a hub for innovation.
• Regional Collaboration: Shared resources and annual conferences will strengthen ties
among member countries.

6 Conclusion
By implementing the proposed TVET cooperation framework, ECO member countries can
address skill gaps, enhance economic competitiveness, and foster regional integration. The
29th RPC meeting provides a critical platform to initiate these efforts, with annual conferences
and monitoring mechanisms ensuring sustained progress. This initiative positions the ECO
region as a leader in vocational training and technological innovation.

3
 Proposal 5: Enhanced Cooperation in Higher
Education Among ECO Member Countries
Dr. Muqeem Islam, PhD (Public Policy & Governance)
National Defence University
[email protected], +92 343 5090648
December 2018

Abstract
This proposal, presented at the 29th Meeting of the Economic Cooperation Organi-
zation (ECO) Regional Planning Council (RPC) in Tehran, Iran, from December 17–20,
2018, outlines a strategic framework to enhance cooperation in higher education among
ECO member countries. Recognizing the pivotal role of higher education in fostering
innovation, cultural exchange, and economic development, the initiative proposes schol-
arship programs, split degree programs, summer exchanges, joint research projects, ECO
language centers, campus expansions, and a Higher Education Forum. Implementation
mechanisms include stakeholder engagement, resource mobilization, and robust monitor-
ing systems. By drawing on successful models from the EU, ASEAN, and other regions,
this framework aims to strengthen academic linkages, promote mutual understanding, and
position the ECO region as a hub for academic excellence and cultural integration.

1 Introduction
Higher education institutions are vital for national development, driving innovation, research,
and cultural exchange (?). The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), comprising ten
member countries, has significant potential to enhance academic collaboration, yet lags behind
regions like the EU and ASEAN in higher education cooperation. This proposal, presented at
the 29th ECO RPC meeting, advocates for strengthened academic linkages through student and
faculty exchanges, joint research, and cultural initiatives, drawing inspiration from successful
models in Pakistan, Europe, and America. By fostering collaboration, ECO countries can
enhance regional prosperity and global academic competitiveness.

2 Objectives
The primary objective is to enhance cooperation in higher education among ECO member
countries. Specific objectives include:

1. Promoting student and faculty exchange programs to enhance academic mobility.

2. Facilitating joint research projects and academic collaborations to drive innovation.

1
 3. Establishing language centers to foster cultural exchange and mutual understanding.

4. Encouraging the establishment of university campuses in host ECO countries to promote

internationalization.

3 Proposed Framework for Cooperation

The following initiatives are proposed to achieve the stated objectives:

1. Scholarship Programs

• Encourage the top 20 universities in each ECO member country to offer fully-
funded, partially-funded, or subsidized scholarships for students from other mem-
ber countries.

2. Split Degree Programs

• Initiate split degree programs, enabling students to study two years in their home
country and two years in a host ECO country.

3. Summer Exchange Programs

• Facilitate faculty and student exchanges during summer programs, including hiring
temporary faculty from member countries and encouraging self-financed student
registrations.

4. Joint Research Projects

• Promote collaborative research and PhD thesis projects among ECO universities to
advance academic innovation.

5. ECO Language Centers

• Establish language centers in the top 20 universities to teach languages such as

Uzbek, Kazakh, Turkish, Urdu, and Persian, fostering cultural exchange.

6. Campus Openings

• Encourage universities to establish campuses in host ECO countries to enhance

academic mobility and internationalization.

7. Higher Education Forum

• Form a forum of higher education authority heads to coordinate and promote col-
laboration among ECO universities.

2
4 Implementation Mechanisms
To operationalize the proposed framework, the following mechanisms are outlined to ensure
consensus, momentum, funding, and effective execution:

1. Creating Consensus

• Action: Identify stakeholders (government officials, university administrators, fac-

ulty, and students) and engage them through workshops and consultations during
the 29th RPC.
• Objective: Build consensus by addressing concerns and highlighting the benefits of
higher education cooperation.

2. Gathering Momentum

• Action: Launch an advocacy campaign, forge alliances with regional and interna-
tional organizations, and showcase successful higher education cooperation mod-
els.
• Objective: Generate enthusiasm and secure stakeholder commitment for the pro-
posed initiatives.

3. Securing Finances

• Action: Seek government funding, apply for grants from international organiza-
tions, and explore public-private partnerships to support scholarships, research, and
campus expansions.
• Objective: Ensure adequate resources for implementing the proposed initiatives.

4. Implementation

• Action: Establish task forces to develop guidelines for scholarships, split degree
programs, and exchanges; foster university partnerships; and set up the Higher
Education Forum.
• Objective: Execute initiatives efficiently through coordinated planning and stake-
holder engagement.

5. Monitoring and Evaluation

• Action: Monitor scholarship awards, exchange participation, research outcomes,

and campus expansions; conduct periodic reviews and impact assessments.
• Objective: Ensure accountability and continuous improvement of cooperation ef-
forts.

5 Expected Outcomes
The proposed initiatives are expected to yield significant benefits:

• Academic Excellence: Joint research and exchanges will enhance innovation and aca-
demic quality.

3
 • Cultural Integration: Language centers and exchanges will foster mutual understanding
and regional cohesion.

• Economic Benefits: Scholarships and campus expansions will stimulate local economies
and academic mobility.

• Global Competitiveness: Collaborative programs will position ECO universities as lead-

ers in international higher education.

6 Conclusion
By implementing the proposed framework, ECO member countries can strengthen higher ed-
ucation collaboration, promote cultural exchange, and drive regional development. The 29th
RPC meeting provides a critical platform to initiate these efforts, with task forces and monitor-
ing mechanisms ensuring sustained progress. This initiative positions the ECO region as a hub
for academic excellence and cultural integration.

4
 Proposal 6: Enhanced Cooperation in Civil Service
Training Among ECO Member Countries
Dr. Muqeem Islam, PhD (Public Policy & Governance)
National Defence University
[email protected], +92 343 5090648
December 2018

Abstract
This proposal, presented at the 29th Meeting of the Economic Cooperation Organi-
zation (ECO) Regional Planning Council (RPC) in Tehran, Iran, from December 17–20,
2018, outlines a strategic framework to enhance cooperation in the training of civil ser-
vants and government officers among ECO member countries. Recognizing the critical
role of well-trained civil servants in effective governance, the initiative proposes a joint
training and research strategy, a Joint Academy Council, an exchange program for trainees
and researchers, a bi-annual research journal, and an annual conference. Implementation
mechanisms include stakeholder engagement, resource mobilization, and robust monitor-
ing systems. By fostering collaboration, this framework aims to strengthen institutional
capacities, promote knowledge sharing, and enhance governance across the ECO region.

1 Introduction
Effective governance relies on a skilled and professional civil service, which drives policy im-
plementation and public service delivery (?). The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO),
comprising ten member countries, has significant potential to enhance civil service training
through regional collaboration. This proposal, presented at the 29th ECO RPC meeting, ad-
vocates for cooperative initiatives inspired by successful models in regions like the EU and
ASEAN. By developing joint strategies, fostering exchanges, and promoting research, ECO
countries can build a robust civil service capable of addressing regional challenges and advanc-
ing governance standards.

2 Objectives
The primary objective is to enhance cooperation in civil service training among ECO member
countries. Specific objectives include:

1. Developing a joint training and research strategy for civil service academies and institu-
tions.

2. Establishing a Joint Academy Council to facilitate collaboration and coordination.

1
 3. Creating exchange programs for trainees and researchers to promote cross-border learn-
ing.

4. Launching a bi-annual research journal and an annual conference to advance academic

and policy research.

3 Proposed Framework for Cooperation

The following initiatives are proposed to achieve the stated objectives:

a. Joint Training and Research Strategy

• Develop a comprehensive strategy outlining common training objectives, method-

ologies, and research priorities for civil service academies.
• Enhance the quality and relevance of training programs and research activities
across ECO countries.

b. Joint Academy Council

• Establish a council of representatives from civil service academies and research

institutions.
• Facilitate sharing of best practices, coordination of joint initiatives, and addressing
common governance challenges.

c. Exchange Program for Trainees and Researchers

• Implement an exchange program reserving at least 10 slots per institution for trainees
and researchers at recruitment, mid-career, and senior levels.
• Promote cross-border learning through training courses, workshops, and research
collaborations.

d. Bi-Annual Research Journal and Annual Conference

• Launch a bi-annual journal to publish scholarly articles, case studies, and policy
analyses on civil service training and governance.
• Organize an annual conference, rotating among ECO capitals, to facilitate network-
ing and knowledge dissemination.

4 Implementation Mechanisms
To operationalize the proposed framework, the following mechanisms are outlined to ensure
consensus, momentum, funding, and effective execution:

1. Creating Consensus

• Action: Identify stakeholders (government officials, academy representatives, and

international organizations) and engage them through workshops during the 29th
RPC.

2
 • Objective: Build consensus by addressing concerns and highlighting the benefits of
civil service training cooperation.
2. Gathering Momentum
• Action: Launch an advocacy campaign, forge alliances with regional and interna-
tional organizations, and showcase successful civil service training models.
• Objective: Generate enthusiasm and secure stakeholder commitment for the pro-
posed initiatives.
3. Securing Finances
• Action: Seek government funding, apply for grants from international donors, and
explore public-private partnerships to support training, exchanges, and research.
• Objective: Ensure adequate resources for implementing the proposed initiatives.
4. Implementation
• Action: Establish task forces to develop guidelines for the Joint Academy Council,
exchange programs, journal, and conference; foster partnerships with academic and
government institutions.
• Objective: Execute initiatives efficiently through coordinated planning and stake-
holder engagement.
5. Monitoring and Evaluation
• Action: Track exchange program participation, journal publications, and confer-
ence outcomes; conduct regular reviews and feedback assessments.
• Objective: Ensure accountability and continuous improvement of cooperation ef-
forts.

5 Expected Outcomes
The proposed initiatives are expected to yield significant benefits:
• Institutional Capacity: Enhanced training programs will improve civil service effi-
ciency and governance.
• Knowledge Sharing: Exchange programs and research initiatives will foster innovation
and best practice dissemination.
• Regional Cohesion: Collaborative platforms will strengthen ties among ECO countries.
• Policy Impact: Research outputs will inform evidence-based governance reforms.

6 Conclusion
By implementing the proposed framework, ECO member countries can strengthen civil service
training, promote knowledge sharing, and enhance governance across the region. The 29th RPC
meeting provides a critical platform to initiate these efforts, with task forces and monitoring
mechanisms ensuring sustained progress. This initiative positions the ECO region as a leader
in civil service excellence and regional collaboration.

3
 Proposal 7: Enhanced Cooperation in Diplomatic
Training Among ECO Member Countries
Dr. Muqeem Islam,
PhD (Public Policy & Governance)
National Defence University
[email protected], +92 343 5090648
December 2018

Abstract
This proposal, presented at the 29th Meeting of the Economic Cooperation Organi-
zation (ECO) Regional Planning Council (RPC) in Tehran, Iran, from December 17–20,
2018, outlines a strategic framework to enhance cooperation in the training of diplomats
and foreign ministry officers among ECO member countries. Recognizing the pivotal role
of skilled diplomats in advancing international relations, the initiative proposes a joint
training and research strategy, a Joint Academy Council, an exchange program for trainees
and researchers, a bi-annual research journal, and an annual conference. Implementation
mechanisms include stakeholder engagement, resource mobilization, and robust monitor-
ing systems. By fostering collaboration, this framework aims to strengthen diplomatic
capacities, promote knowledge sharing, and enhance regional diplomacy within the ECO
region.

1 Introduction
Effective diplomacy is essential for fostering international relations, regional stability, and co-
operation (?). The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), comprising ten member coun-
tries, has significant potential to enhance diplomatic training through regional collaboration.
This proposal, presented at the 29th ECO RPC meeting, advocates for cooperative initiatives
inspired by successful models in regions like the EU and ASEAN. By developing joint strate-
gies, facilitating exchanges, and promoting research, ECO countries can build a cadre of skilled
diplomats to address regional and global challenges.

2 Objectives
The primary objective is to enhance cooperation in diplomatic training among ECO member
countries. Specific objectives include:
1. Developing a joint training and research strategy for foreign service academies and insti-
tutions.

2. Establishing a Joint Academy Council to facilitate collaboration and coordination.

1
 3. Creating exchange programs for trainees and researchers to promote cross-border learn-
ing.

4. Launching a bi-annual research journal and an annual conference to advance academic

and policy research.

3 Proposed Framework for Cooperation

The following initiatives are proposed to achieve the stated objectives:

a. Joint Training and Research Strategy

• Develop a comprehensive strategy outlining common training objectives, method-

ologies, and research priorities for foreign service academies.
• Enhance the quality and relevance of diplomatic training programs and research
activities across ECO countries.

b. Joint Academy Council

• Establish a council of representatives from foreign service academies and research

institutions.
• Facilitate sharing of best practices, coordination of joint initiatives, and addressing
common diplomatic challenges.

c. Exchange Program for Trainees and Researchers

• Implement an exchange program reserving at least 10 slots per institution for trainees
and researchers at recruitment, mid-career, and senior levels.
• Promote cross-border learning through training courses, workshops, and research
collaborations.

d. Bi-Annual Research Journal and Annual Conference

• Launch a bi-annual journal to publish scholarly articles, case studies, and policy
analyses on diplomatic training and foreign policy.
• Organize an annual conference, rotating among ECO capitals, to facilitate network-
ing and knowledge dissemination.

4 Implementation Mechanisms
To operationalize the proposed framework, the following mechanisms are outlined to ensure
consensus, momentum, funding, and effective execution:

1. Creating Consensus

• Action: Present the proposal at the 29th RPC, engaging stakeholders (foreign min-
istry officials, academy representatives, and international organizations) through
workshops and consultations.

2
 • Objective: Build consensus by addressing concerns and highlighting the benefits of
diplomatic training cooperation.

2. Gathering Momentum

• Action: Launch an advocacy campaign, forge alliances with regional and interna-
tional organizations, and showcase successful diplomatic training models.
• Objective: Generate enthusiasm and secure stakeholder commitment for the pro-
posed initiatives.

3. Securing Finances

• Action: Develop a detailed budget, seek government funding, apply for grants from
international donors, and explore public-private partnerships.
• Objective: Ensure adequate resources for training programs, exchanges, journal
publication, and conferences.

4. Implementation

• Action: Establish task forces to develop guidelines for the Joint Academy Council,
exchange programs, journal, and conference; foster partnerships with academic and
diplomatic institutions.
• Objective: Execute initiatives efficiently through coordinated planning and stake-
holder engagement.

5. Monitoring and Evaluation

• Action: Define key performance indicators (KPIs) to track exchange program par-
ticipation, journal publications, and conference outcomes; conduct regular reviews
and feedback assessments.
• Objective: Ensure accountability and continuous improvement of cooperation ef-
forts.

5 Expected Outcomes
The proposed initiatives are expected to yield significant benefits:

• Diplomatic Capacity: Enhanced training programs will improve the skills and effec-
tiveness of diplomats.

• Knowledge Sharing: Exchange programs and research initiatives will foster innovation
and best practice dissemination.

• Regional Cohesion: Collaborative platforms will strengthen diplomatic ties among ECO
countries.

• Policy Impact: Research outputs will inform evidence-based foreign policy strategies.

3
6 Conclusion
By implementing the proposed framework, ECO member countries can strengthen diplomatic
training, promote knowledge sharing, and enhance regional diplomacy. The 29th RPC meeting
provides a critical platform to initiate these efforts, with task forces and monitoring mechanisms
ensuring sustained progress. This initiative positions the ECO region as a leader in diplomatic
excellence and regional collaboration.

4
 Proposal 8: Enhanced Economic Cooperation
Through Chambers of Commerce Among ECO
Member Countries
Dr. Muqeem Islam, PhD (Public Policy & Governance)
National Defence University
[email protected], +92 343 5090648
December 2018

Abstract
This proposal, presented at the 29th Meeting of the Economic Cooperation Organi-
zation (ECO) Regional Planning Council (RPC) in Tehran, Iran, from December 17–20,
2018, outlines a strategic framework to enhance economic cooperation among ECO mem-
ber countries through chambers of commerce. Leveraging the region’s historical trade
linkages, the initiative proposes a Committee of Ministries of Industry and Commerce,
a Joint Chamber of Commerce and Industry, formal linkages between trade and indus-
trial organizations, and a focus on the automotive sector. Implementation mechanisms
include stakeholder engagement, pilot programs, resource mobilization, and robust moni-
toring systems. By fostering collaboration, this framework aims to revitalize trade, reduce
external dependency, and promote mutual prosperity across the ECO region.

1 Introduction
The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), comprising ten member countries, has a rich
history of economic integration spanning over two millennia, disrupted in recent centuries by
geopolitical dynamics (?). With regained sovereignty, ECO countries have a unique opportunity
to revive these linkages through modern economic cooperation. This proposal, presented at the
29th ECO RPC meeting, advocates for enhanced collaboration among chambers of commerce,
trade bodies, and industrial organizations, drawing inspiration from successful models like
the EU and ASEAN. By prioritizing sectors like automotive, ECO countries can boost intra-
regional trade and economic growth.

2 Objectives
The primary objective is to enhance economic cooperation among ECO member countries
through chambers of commerce. Specific objectives include:

1. Establishing a Committee of Ministries of Industry and Commerce to formulate policies

and explore cooperation opportunities.

1
 2. Creating a Joint Chamber of Commerce and Industry to foster business integration.

3. Developing formal linkages between trade and industrial organizations across key sec-
tors.

4. Prioritizing the automotive industry to reduce external dependency and enhance intra-
regional trade.

3 Proposed Framework for Cooperation

The following initiatives are proposed to achieve the stated objectives:

a. Committee of Ministries of Industry and Commerce

• Establish a committee of representatives from Ministries of Industry and Com-

merce.
• Formulate policies to enhance cooperation and identify integration opportunities
across ECO countries.

b. Joint Chamber of Commerce and Industry

• Create a regional chamber to facilitate collaboration among business entities and

trade bodies.
• Promote integration of production units and trade activities within the ECO region.

c. Formal Linkages Between Trade and Industrial Organizations

• Develop mechanisms to establish linkages across sectors such as textile, oil, auto-
motive, ceramics, construction, transport, and electronics.
• Foster collaboration through joint ventures and trade agreements.

d. Focus on Automotive Industry

• Prioritize joint production and marketing strategies in the automotive sector, which
contributes significantly to global GDP.
• Reduce dependency on foreign imports and enhance intra-ECO trade.

4 Implementation Mechanisms
To operationalize the proposed framework, the following mechanisms are outlined to ensure
consensus, momentum, funding, and effective execution:

1. Creating Consensus

• Action: Conduct awareness campaigns, workshops, and seminars during the 29th
RPC to educate stakeholders on the benefits of economic cooperation.
• Objective: Build consensus through diplomatic outreach and dialogue, addressing
stakeholder concerns.

2
 2. Gathering Momentum
• Action: Launch pilot programs to demonstrate feasibility, showcase success stories
from other regions, and engage civil society and business associations.
• Objective: Generate enthusiasm and grassroots support for the proposed initiatives.
3. Securing Finances
• Action: Develop funding proposals, seek government budgets, apply for interna-
tional grants, and explore public-private partnerships.
• Objective: Secure resources for joint chambers, pilot programs, and sector-specific
initiatives.
4. Implementation
• Action: Establish task forces to develop guidelines for the committee, joint cham-
ber, and sectoral linkages; promote cross-border collaboration through trade dele-
gations and joint ventures.
• Objective: Execute initiatives efficiently through coordinated planning and stake-
holder engagement.
5. Monitoring and Evaluation
• Action: Track progress through regular reviews, assess economic impacts, and so-
licit stakeholder feedback for continuous improvement.
• Objective: Ensure accountability and adapt strategies to maximize effectiveness.

5 Expected Outcomes
The proposed initiatives are expected to yield significant benefits:
• Economic Growth: Enhanced intra-regional trade will stimulate local economies and
create jobs.
• Reduced Dependency: Joint production, particularly in automotive, will lessen reliance
on foreign imports.
• Regional Integration: Formal linkages and joint chambers will strengthen economic ties
among ECO countries.
• Sectoral Competitiveness: Collaboration in key industries will enhance global market
positioning.

6 Conclusion
By implementing the proposed framework, ECO member countries can revitalize historical
trade linkages, foster economic cooperation, and promote mutual prosperity. The 29th RPC
meeting provides a critical platform to initiate these efforts, with task forces and monitoring
mechanisms ensuring sustained progress. This initiative positions the ECO region as a compet-
itive hub for trade and industrial collaboration.

3
 Proposal 9: Enhanced Cooperation in Food Security
and Agricultural Production Among ECO Member
Countries
Dr. Muqeem Islam, PhD (Public Policy & Governance)
National Defence University
[email protected], +92 343 5090648
December 2018

Abstract
This proposal, presented at the 29th Meeting of the Economic Cooperation Organi-
zation (ECO) Regional Planning Council (RPC) in Tehran, Iran, from December 17–20,
2018, outlines a strategic framework to enhance cooperation in food security and agri-
cultural production among ECO member countries. Recognizing the critical role of food
security in ensuring year-round access to diverse food supplies and the potential of agricul-
tural collaboration to boost productivity, the initiative proposes a Committee of Food Se-
curity and Agriculture Ministries, collaboration among agricultural research institutions,
and a mutual trade and transportation mechanism. Implementation mechanisms include
stakeholder engagement, pilot programs, resource mobilization, and robust monitoring
systems. By leveraging regional proximity and shared resources, this framework aims to
ensure food security, enhance agricultural innovation, and promote economic prosperity
across the ECO region.

1 Introduction
Food security, defined as consistent access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food for all cit-
izens, is a cornerstone of socio-economic stability (?). Agricultural production, a key driver
of food security, also supports economic growth and rural livelihoods. The Economic Coop-
eration Organization (ECO), comprising ten member countries with contiguous borders, offers
significant potential for regional collaboration in these areas. This proposal, presented at the
29th ECO RPC meeting, advocates for enhanced cooperation to strengthen food supply chains
and agricultural productivity, drawing inspiration from successful models like the EUs Com-
mon Agricultural Policy and ASEANs food security frameworks. By fostering mutual trade,
research collaboration, and policy alignment, ECO countries can enhance food security and
economic resilience.

2 Objectives
The primary objective is to enhance cooperation in food security and agricultural production
among ECO member countries. Specific objectives include:

1
 1. Establishing a Committee of Food Security and Agriculture Ministries to formulate poli-
cies and explore collaboration opportunities.

2. Promoting collaboration among agricultural research institutions to share innovations

and best practices.

3. Developing a mutual trade and transportation mechanism to ensure the seamless flow of
food items and grains.

4. Enhancing agricultural productivity and farmer livelihoods through shared expertise and
resources.

3 Proposed Framework for Cooperation

The following initiatives are proposed to achieve the stated objectives:

a. Committee of Food Security and Agriculture Ministries

• Establish a committee comprising representatives from Ministries of Food Security

and Agriculture across ECO member countries.
• Formulate policies to enhance collaboration, explore new avenues for mutual ben-
efit, and address regional food security challenges.

b. Collaboration Among Agricultural Research Institutions

• Initiate partnerships among research institutions to share innovations, technologies,

and best practices in crop production, pest management, and sustainable farming.
• Facilitate joint research projects and knowledge exchange to enhance agricultural
productivity.

c. Mutual Trade and Transportation Mechanism

• Develop a regional trade framework, including tariff designs, market mechanisms,

and transportation systems, to ensure the efficient flow of food items and grains.
• Establish mutual agreements to streamline cross-border trade and reduce barriers.

d. Capacity Building for Farmers

• Implement training programs and extension services to equip farmers with modern
techniques, climate-resilient practices, and access to high-yield crop varieties.
• Promote farmer cooperatives to enhance market access and bargaining power.

e. Regional Food Security Data Platform

• Create a digital platform to monitor food supply chains, track production trends,
and share data on food availability and prices.
• Enable real-time coordination to address food shortages and surpluses.

2
4 Implementation Mechanisms
To operationalize the proposed framework, the following mechanisms are outlined to ensure
consensus, momentum, funding, and effective execution:

1. Creating Consensus

• Action: Conduct awareness campaigns and stakeholder consultations during the

29th RPC to highlight the benefits of food security and agricultural cooperation.
• Objective: Build consensus by engaging ministries, research institutions, and farmer
associations, addressing concerns through policy dialogues.

2. Gathering Momentum

• Action: Launch pilot programs (e.g., cross-border grain trade trials), showcase suc-
cess stories from other regions, and engage civil society and agricultural coopera-
tives.
• Objective: Generate enthusiasm and grassroots support for regional collaboration.

3. Securing Finances

• Action: Develop funding proposals for government budgets, international grants

(e.g., FAO, World Bank), and public-private partnerships with agribusinesses.
• Objective: Secure resources for research collaboration, trade infrastructure, and
capacity-building programs.

4. Implementation

• Action: Establish task forces to develop guidelines for the committee, research part-
nerships, and trade mechanisms; initiate pilot projects for trade and data platforms;
and organize training workshops for farmers.
• Objective: Execute initiatives efficiently through coordinated planning and stake-
holder engagement.

5. Monitoring and Evaluation

• Action: Track progress through key performance indicators (e.g., trade volumes,
research outputs, farmer training participation); conduct impact assessments and
solicit stakeholder feedback.
• Objective: Ensure accountability and adapt strategies to maximize effectiveness.

5 Expected Outcomes
The proposed initiatives are expected to yield significant benefits:

• Food Security: Strengthened supply chains will ensure year-round food availability
across ECO countries.

• Agricultural Productivity: Research collaboration and farmer training will enhance crop
yields and sustainability.

3
 • Economic Growth: Increased intra-regional trade will stimulate local economies and
reduce import dependency.

• Regional Resilience: Data platforms and cooperative mechanisms will enable rapid re-
sponses to food security challenges.

6 Conclusion
By implementing the proposed framework, ECO member countries can leverage their geo-
graphic proximity and shared resources to ensure food security and enhance agricultural pro-
duction. The 29th RPC meeting provides a critical platform to initiate these efforts, with task
forces and monitoring mechanisms ensuring sustained progress. This initiative positions the
ECO region as a model for regional food security and agricultural innovation.

4
 Proposal 10: Enhanced Cooperation in Construction
and Automotive Production and Marketing Among
ECO Member Countries
Dr. Muqeem Islam, PhD (Public Policy & Governance)
National Defence University
[email protected], +92 343 5090648
December 2018

Abstract
This proposal, presented at the 29th Meeting of the Economic Cooperation Organi-
zation (ECO) Regional Planning Council (RPC) in Tehran, Iran, from December 17–
20, 2018, outlines a strategic framework to enhance cooperation in construction and au-
tomotive production and marketing among ECO member countries. Recognizing the
critical role of these sectors in driving economic development, particularly in emerging
economies, the initiative proposes a Joint Committee of Ministries of Industries, a spe-
cialized customs and tariff system, a common marketing strategy, technology transfer pro-
grams, and regional production hubs. Implementation mechanisms include stakeholder
engagement, pilot projects, resource mobilization, and robust monitoring systems. By
leveraging shared resources and markets, this framework aims to boost industrial capac-
ity, reduce import dependency, and promote sustainable economic growth across the ECO
region.

1 Introduction
The construction and automotive sectors are pivotal drivers of economic growth, supporting
infrastructure development, employment, and industrial innovation (?). The Economic Coop-
eration Organization (ECO), comprising ten emerging economies with contiguous borders, is
poised for significant expansion in road networks, urban infrastructure, and transportation sys-
tems. This proposal, presented at the 29th ECO RPC meeting, advocates for enhanced cooper-
ation in construction and automotive production and marketing to capitalize on this potential.
Drawing on successful regional models like the EUs industrial policies and ASEANs auto-
motive integration, ECO countries can collaborate to produce construction machinery, vehi-
cles, and related technologies, reducing reliance on foreign imports and fostering intra-regional
trade.

2 Objectives
The primary objective is to enhance cooperation in construction and automotive production and
marketing among ECO member countries. Specific objectives include:

1
 1. Establishing a Joint Committee of Ministries of Industries to formulate policies and ex-
plore collaboration opportunities.

2. Developing a specialized customs, tariff, and taxation system to incentivize production

and trade.

3. Adopting a common marketing strategy to promote intra-regional and global trade.

4. Facilitating technology transfer and skill development to enhance industrial capabilities.

5. Creating regional production hubs to optimize economies of scale and market access.

3 Proposed Framework for Cooperation

The following initiatives are proposed to achieve the stated objectives:

a. Joint Committee of Ministries of Industries

• Establish a committee comprising representatives from Ministries of Industries

across ECO member countries.
• Formulate policies to promote joint ventures, streamline regulations, and identify
opportunities for collaboration in construction and automotive sectors.

b. Specialized Customs, Tariff, and Taxation System

• Develop a regional framework to reduce tariffs, harmonize customs procedures, and

offer tax incentives for construction and automotive production and trade.
• Encourage intra-regional investment and cross-border supply chains through sim-
plified trade protocols.

c. Common Marketing Strategy

• Create a unified marketing strategy to promote ECO-produced construction ma-

chinery and vehicles (e.g., cars, tractors, buses, rail) in regional and global markets.
• Leverage joint branding and trade fairs to enhance market visibility and competi-
tiveness.

d. Technology Transfer and Skill Development

• Facilitate technology transfer through partnerships with advanced industrial entities

within and beyond the ECO region.
• Implement training programs for engineers, technicians, and workers to enhance
skills in advanced manufacturing and automation technologies.

e. Regional Production Hubs

• Establish regional production hubs specializing in construction machinery and au-

tomotive components to optimize economies of scale.
• Promote cross-border supply chains and joint ventures to enhance production effi-
ciency and market reach.

2
 f. Sustainability and Innovation Focus

• Prioritize eco-friendly technologies, such as electric vehicles and energy-efficient

construction equipment, to align with global sustainability trends.
• Support research and development (RD) initiatives to innovate in materials, manu-
facturing processes, and smart technologies.

4 Implementation Mechanisms
To operationalize the proposed framework, the following mechanisms are outlined to ensure
consensus, momentum, funding, and effective execution:

1. Creating Consensus

• Action: Conduct awareness campaigns, stakeholder consultations, and policy dia-

logues during the 29th RPC to highlight the economic benefits of cooperation.
• Objective: Build consensus among ministries, industry leaders, and trade bodies by
addressing concerns and aligning priorities.

2. Gathering Momentum

• Action: Launch pilot projects (e.g., joint production of automotive components),

showcase success stories from other regions, and engage business associations and
civil society.
• Objective: Generate enthusiasm and grassroots support for regional industrial col-
laboration.

3. Securing Finances

• Action: Develop funding proposals for government budgets, international grants

(e.g., Asian Development Bank), and public-private partnerships with automotive
and construction firms.
• Objective: Secure resources for production hubs, technology transfer, and market-
ing initiatives.

4. Implementation

• Action: Establish task forces to develop guidelines for the Joint Committee, cus-
toms system, and marketing strategy; initiate pilot production projects; and orga-
nize training workshops.
• Objective: Execute initiatives efficiently through coordinated planning and stake-
holder engagement.

5. Monitoring and Evaluation

• Action: Track progress through key performance indicators (e.g., production vol-
umes, trade values, technology adoption rates); conduct impact assessments and
solicit stakeholder feedback.
• Objective: Ensure accountability and adapt strategies to maximize effectiveness.

3
5 Expected Outcomes
The proposed initiatives are expected to yield significant benefits:

• Economic Growth: Increased production and trade will stimulate job creation and GDP
growth.

• Reduced Import Dependency: Joint production will lessen reliance on foreign construc-
tion and automotive products.

• Industrial Competitiveness: Technology transfer and skill development will enhance

global market positioning.

• Sustainable Development: Eco-friendly technologies will align with environmental goals

and attract international investment.

• Regional Integration: Collaborative production and trade systems will strengthen eco-
nomic ties among ECO countries.

6 Conclusion
By implementing the proposed framework, ECO member countries can capitalize on their
emerging economies and strategic proximity to enhance construction and automotive produc-
tion and marketing. The 29th RPC meeting provides a critical platform to initiate these efforts,
with task forces and monitoring mechanisms ensuring sustained progress. This initiative posi-
tions the ECO region as a competitive hub for industrial innovation and economic cooperation.

4
 Proposal 11: Enhanced Cooperation in Electrical,
Solar, Gas, and Petroleum Energy Among ECO
Member Countries
Dr. Muqeem Islam, PhD (Public Policy & Governance)
National Defence University
[email protected], +92 343 5090648
December 2018

Abstract
This proposal, presented at the 29th Meeting of the Economic Cooperation Organi-
zation (ECO) Regional Planning Council (RPC) in Tehran, Iran, from December 17–20,
2018, outlines a strategic framework to enhance cooperation in electrical, solar, gas, and
petroleum energy among ECO member countries. Leveraging the regions strategic geo-
graphic connectivity and diverse energy resources, the initiative proposes a preferential
network of gas and oil pipelines, a network of refineries and gas-based energy production,
preferential domestic energy supply agreements, a Joint Body of Ministries of Petroleum
and Energy, regional renewable energy innovation hubs, and a digital energy market plat-
form. Implementation mechanisms include stakeholder engagement, pilot projects, re-
source mobilization, and robust monitoring systems. This framework aims to strengthen
energy security, foster economic development, and promote sustainable energy integration
across the ECO region.

1 Introduction
Energy is a cornerstone of economic development, enabling industrial growth, infrastructure
expansion, and improved quality of life (?). The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO),
comprising ten member countries with contiguous borders, possesses diverse energy resources,
including abundant gas and petroleum in some nations and untapped solar and hydropower
potential in others. This proposal, presented at the 29th ECO RPC meeting, advocates for
enhanced cooperation in electrical, solar, gas, and petroleum energy to address regional dis-
parities, reduce external dependency, and foster economic integration. Drawing on successful
models like the EUs Energy Union and ASEANs energy cooperation frameworks, ECO coun-
tries can leverage shared infrastructure and policies to enhance energy security and sustainabil-
ity.

2 Objectives
The primary objective is to enhance cooperation in electrical, solar, gas, and petroleum energy
among ECO member countries. Specific objectives include:

1
 1. Establishing a preferential network of gas and oil pipelines to meet domestic and inter-
national energy demands.

2. Developing a regional network of oil refineries and gas-based energy production facili-
ties.

3. Implementing preferential energy supply agreements to fulfill domestic demand at com-

petitive rates.

4. Creating a Joint Body of Ministries of Petroleum and Energy to streamline policy-making

and coordination.

5. Promoting renewable energy innovation, particularly in solar and hydropower, to support

sustainable development.

6. Establishing a digital platform to facilitate energy market transparency and coordination.

3 Proposed Framework for Cooperation

The following initiatives are proposed to achieve the stated objectives:

a. Preferential Network of Gas and Oil Pipelines

• Develop an integrated pipeline network to facilitate the transport of gas and oil
among ECO member countries and to international markets.
• Prioritize infrastructure projects that address local shortages and leverage surplus
resources for mutual economic benefit.

b. Network of Oil Refineries and Gas-Based Energy Production

• Establish a regional network of oil refineries and gas-based power plants through
joint investments and technical collaboration.
• Enhance energy production capacity to meet growing domestic and regional de-
mand.

c. Preferential Energy Supply Agreements

• Negotiate agreements to supply gas and oil at preferential rates within the ECO
region.
• Ensure equitable access to energy resources, reducing costs for energy-deficient
member countries.

d. Joint Body of Ministries of Petroleum and Energy

• Form a joint body comprising representatives from Ministries of Petroleum and

Energy to coordinate policies, share best practices, and resolve disputes.
• Develop a unified energy strategy to enhance regional cooperation and integration.

e. Regional Renewable Energy Innovation Hubs

2
 • Establish innovation hubs to advance solar energy and hydropower technologies
through collaborative research and development (RD).
• Promote the adoption of renewable energy solutions to diversify the regions energy
mix and align with global sustainability goals.

f. Digital Energy Market Platform

• Create a digital platform to monitor energy supply chains, track production and
consumption trends, and facilitate transparent energy trading.
• Enable real-time coordination to address shortages, optimize resource allocation,
and enhance market efficiency.

g. Capacity Building and Technology Transfer

• Implement training programs for engineers, technicians, and policymakers to en-

hance skills in energy production, renewable technologies, and pipeline manage-
ment.
• Facilitate technology transfer through partnerships with advanced energy producers
within and beyond the ECO region.

4 Implementation Mechanisms
To operationalize the proposed framework, the following mechanisms are outlined to ensure
consensus, momentum, funding, and effective execution:

1. Creating Consensus

• Action: Conduct awareness campaigns, stakeholder consultations, and policy di-

alogues during the 29th RPC to highlight the economic and strategic benefits of
energy cooperation.
• Objective: Build consensus among ministries, energy companies, and regional
stakeholders by addressing concerns and aligning priorities.

2. Gathering Momentum

• Action: Launch pilot projects (e.g., small-scale solar energy initiatives or pipeline
feasibility studies), showcase success stories from other regions, and engage energy
sector stakeholders.
• Objective: Generate enthusiasm and support for regional energy integration.

3. Securing Finances

• Action: Develop funding proposals for government budgets, international grants

(e.g., World Bank, Asian Development Bank), and public-private partnerships with
energy firms.
• Objective: Secure resources for pipeline infrastructure, renewable energy hubs, and
digital platforms.

4. Implementation

3
 • Action: Establish task forces to develop guidelines for the Joint Body, pipeline net-
works, and renewable energy initiatives; initiate pilot projects; and organize train-
ing workshops.
• Objective: Execute initiatives efficiently through coordinated planning and stake-
holder engagement.

5. Monitoring and Evaluation

• Action: Track progress through key performance indicators (e.g., pipeline capac-
ity, energy production volumes, renewable energy adoption rates); conduct impact
assessments and solicit stakeholder feedback.
• Objective: Ensure accountability and adapt strategies to maximize effectiveness.

5 Expected Outcomes
The proposed initiatives are expected to yield significant benefits:

• Energy Security: Integrated pipelines and preferential agreements will ensure stable
energy supplies across ECO countries.

• Economic Growth: Enhanced energy production and trade will stimulate job creation
and GDP growth.

• Sustainability: Renewable energy hubs will reduce carbon emissions and align with
global environmental goals.

• Regional Integration: Collaborative mechanisms and digital platforms will strengthen

economic and energy ties among ECO countries.

• Global Competitiveness: Joint energy projects will enhance the regions position in inter-
national energy markets.

6 Conclusion
By implementing the proposed framework, ECO member countries can leverage their geo-
graphic connectivity and diverse energy resources to enhance cooperation in electrical, solar,
gas, and petroleum energy. The 29th RPC meeting provides a critical platform to initiate these
efforts, with task forces and monitoring mechanisms ensuring sustained progress. This ini-
tiative positions the ECO region as a model for energy security, sustainability, and economic
integration.

4
 Proposal 12: Enhanced Cooperation in Aviation
Control, Air Transport, and Air Cargo Among ECO
Member Countries
Dr. Muqeem Islam, PhD (Public Policy & Governance)
National Defence University
[email protected], +92 343 5090648
December 2018

Abstract
This proposal, presented at the 29th Meeting of the Economic Cooperation Organi-
zation (ECO) Regional Planning Council (RPC) in Tehran, Iran, from December 17–20,
2018, outlines a strategic framework to enhance cooperation in aviation control, air trans-
port, and air cargo among ECO member countries. Recognizing the critical role of aviation
in fostering economic integration, trade, and connectivity, the initiative proposes a Joint
Association of Airlines and Air Cargo Agencies, a Joint Body of Civil Aviation Author-
ities, a regional air security and visa control mechanism, optimized air routes for cost-
effective transport, a joint marketing strategy, and capacity-building programs. Implemen-
tation mechanisms include stakeholder engagement, pilot projects, resource mobilization,
and robust monitoring systems. By leveraging shared infrastructure and expertise, this
framework aims to enhance regional connectivity, boost trade, particularly in perishable
goods, and position the ECO region as a competitive aviation hub.

1 Introduction
Aviation is a vital driver of economic development, facilitating trade, tourism, and regional
connectivity (?). The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), comprising ten member
countries with contiguous borders, has significant potential to enhance aviation control, air
transport, and air cargo through regional collaboration. This proposal, presented at the 29th
ECO RPC meeting, advocates for cooperative initiatives to streamline aviation operations, re-
duce costs, and improve trade efficiency, particularly for perishable commodities. Drawing on
successful models like the EUs Single European Sky and ASEANs aviation integration, ECO
countries can leverage shared resources and expertise to strengthen regional aviation networks
and global competitiveness.

2 Objectives
The primary objective is to enhance cooperation in aviation control, air transport, and air cargo
among ECO member countries. Specific objectives include:

1
 1. Establishing a Joint Association of Airlines and Air Cargo Agencies to foster collabora-
tion.

2. Creating a Joint Body of Civil Aviation Authorities to streamline aviation control and
trade.

3. Developing a regional air security and visa control mechanism to enhance safety and
mobility.

4. Optimizing air routes for cost-effective and swift passenger and cargo transport.

5. Adopting a joint marketing strategy to boost regional and global aviation business.

6. Building capacity through advisory, training, and technical support from advanced ECO
members.

3 Proposed Framework for Cooperation

The following initiatives are proposed to achieve the stated objectives:

a. Joint Association of Airlines and Air Cargo Agencies

• Form a regional association comprising airlines, air cargo agencies, and air trans-
port companies from ECO member countries.
• Facilitate collaboration on route planning, cargo handling, and operational efficien-
cies to enhance trade and passenger services.

b. Joint Body of Civil Aviation Authorities

• Establish a joint body of Civil Aviation Authorities to harmonize regulations, coor-

dinate air traffic management, and streamline cargo and passenger operations.
• Promote efficient handling of perishable food commodities to support regional food
security and trade.

c. Regional Air Security and Visa Control Mechanism

• Develop a unified air security system, including standardized protocols for passen-
ger screening and cargo safety.
• Create a simplified visa control mechanism to facilitate intra-ECO travel, supported
by advanced members (e.g., Turkey, Kazakhstan, Iran, Pakistan) through advisory
and technical assistance.

d. Optimized Air Routes for Cost-Effective Transport

• Design economical and swift air routes through mutual cooperation in passenger
and cargo handling.
• Implement shared ground services and logistics to reduce operational costs and
transit times.

e. Joint Marketing Strategy

2
 • Develop a unified marketing strategy to promote ECO aviation services in regional
and global markets.
• Leverage joint branding, trade fairs, and digital campaigns to attract international
passengers and cargo clients.

f. Capacity Building and Technical Support

• Implement training programs for air traffic controllers, pilots, and ground staff, led
by advanced ECO members.
• Facilitate technology transfer and advisory support to enhance aviation infrastruc-
ture and operational standards across all member countries.

g. Regional Aviation Data Platform

• Create a digital platform to monitor air traffic, cargo flows, and security data, en-
abling real-time coordination and transparency.
• Support decision-making for route optimization and resource allocation.

4 Implementation Mechanisms
To operationalize the proposed framework, the following mechanisms are outlined to ensure
consensus, momentum, funding, and effective execution:

1. Creating Consensus

• Action: Conduct awareness campaigns, stakeholder consultations, and policy dia-

logues during the 29th RPC to highlight the economic and connectivity benefits of
aviation cooperation.
• Objective: Build consensus among aviation authorities, airlines, and trade bodies
by addressing concerns and aligning priorities.

2. Gathering Momentum

• Action: Launch pilot projects (e.g., coordinated cargo routes for perishable goods),
showcase success stories from other regions, and engage aviation stakeholders and
civil society.
• Objective: Generate enthusiasm and grassroots support for regional aviation inte-
gration.

3. Securing Finances

• Action: Develop funding proposals for government budgets, international grants

(e.g., ICAO, Asian Development Bank), and public-private partnerships with air-
lines and logistics firms.
• Objective: Secure resources for joint associations, security systems, training pro-
grams, and digital platforms.

4. Implementation

3
 • Action: Establish task forces to develop guidelines for the Joint Association, Civil
Aviation Body, and security mechanisms; initiate pilot projects; and organize train-
ing workshops.
• Objective: Execute initiatives efficiently through coordinated planning and stake-
holder engagement.

5. Monitoring and Evaluation

• Action: Track progress through key performance indicators (e.g., cargo volumes,
passenger traffic, security compliance rates); conduct impact assessments and so-
licit stakeholder feedback.
• Objective: Ensure accountability and adapt strategies to maximize effectiveness.

5 Expected Outcomes
The proposed initiatives are expected to yield significant benefits:

• Enhanced Connectivity: Streamlined air routes and visa controls will improve passen-
ger and cargo mobility.

• Economic Growth: Increased air transport and cargo trade, particularly in perishable
goods, will stimulate local economies.

• Regional Trade Efficiency: Harmonized regulations and joint marketing will boost intra-
ECO and global trade.

• Aviation Security: Unified security systems will enhance safety and trust in regional
aviation.

• Capacity Development: Training and technical support will elevate operational standards
across ECO countries.

6 Conclusion
By implementing the proposed framework, ECO member countries can leverage their geo-
graphic proximity and shared aviation infrastructure to enhance cooperation in aviation con-
trol, air transport, and air cargo. The 29th RPC meeting provides a critical platform to initiate
these efforts, with task forces and monitoring mechanisms ensuring sustained progress. This
initiative positions the ECO region as a competitive and interconnected aviation hub, fostering
economic integration and regional prosperity.

4
 Proposal 14: Enhancing Regional Connectivity
through an Integrated ECO Road Network and Bus
Service
Dr. Muqeem Islam, PhD (Public Policy & Governance)
National Defence University
[email protected], +92 343 5090648
December 2018

Abstract
This proposal, presented at the 29th Meeting of the Economic Cooperation Organi-
zation (ECO) Regional Planning Council (RPC) in Tehran, Iran, from December 17–20,
2018, outlines a strategic framework to enhance regional connectivity through an inte-
grated road network and a common ECO Bus Service among ECO member countries.
Recognizing the critical role of road infrastructure and accessible public transport in fos-
tering trade, tourism, and cultural exchange, the initiative proposes infrastructure mod-
ernization, an ECO Bus Service, harmonized regulations, joint investment mechanisms,
capacity building, and a digital transport platform. Implementation mechanisms include a
High-Level ECO Road and Bus Service Working Group, feasibility studies, a long-term
master plan, regional agreements, pilot projects, and annual ministerial meetings. Drawing
on models like the EUs Trans-European Transport Network, this framework aims to boost
intra-regional trade, enhance passenger mobility, and promote sustainable development
across the ECO region.

1 Introduction
Efficient road networks and accessible public transport are vital for economic development,
enabling trade, tourism, and regional integration (?). The Economic Cooperation Organization
(ECO), comprising ten member countries with contiguous borders, has significant potential
to enhance connectivity through an integrated road system and a common bus service. This
proposal, presented at the 29th ECO RPC meeting, advocates for a seamless road transport
ecosystem to reduce travel times, boost trade, and foster cultural exchange, complementing
tourism initiatives outlined in related ECO proposals. Drawing on successful models like the
EUs Trans-European Transport Network and ASEANs connectivity frameworks, ECO coun-
tries can leverage shared infrastructure and policies to strengthen regional prosperity and global
competitiveness.

1
2 Objectives
The primary objective is to establish an integrated ECO road network and a common ECO Bus
Service to enhance regional connectivity. Specific objectives include:
1. Enhancing intra-regional trade and transit through cost-effective goods movement.

2. Improving passenger mobility and tourism with affordable and accessible transport.

3. Strengthening regional connectivity by completing and upgrading road infrastructure.

4. Streamlining cross-border procedures for commercial and passenger vehicles.

5. Promoting road safety and sustainability through standardized regulations.

3 Proposed Framework for Cooperation

The following initiatives are proposed to achieve the stated objectives:

a. Road Infrastructure Development and Modernization

• Construct missing road links (e.g., Wahkhan Corridor, cross-border connections

between Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Pakistan) to complete regional networks.
• Upgrade existing roads to enhance capacity, safety, and all-weather accessibility.
• Develop multimodal logistics hubs and modernized border crossing points for effi-
cient road-rail-sea integration.

b. ECO Bus Service Establishment

• Launch a common ECO Bus Service for cross-border tourist and passenger trans-
port, with standardized routes, schedules, and fares.
• Establish facilitation centers at key border points for streamlined visa and immigra-
tion processing.
• Adopt a joint ownership or operational model, with government-backed protections
for passengers.

c. Harmonization of Transport Regulations and Procedures

• Standardize vehicle specifications, driving licenses, and traffic regulations across

ECO countries.
• Implement single-window clearance systems for customs, immigration, and border
controls.
• Develop common transit agreements and permits for cross-border road transport.

d. Joint Investment and Financing Mechanisms

• Establish frameworks for joint ventures and public-private partnerships (PPPs) in

road and bus service projects.
• Secure funding from international institutions (e.g., Asian Development Bank, World
Bank) and private investors.

2
 • Propose an ECO Road and Bus Service Development Fund to support infrastructure
and operations.

e. Capacity Building and Knowledge Sharing

• Develop training programs for drivers, logistics managers, and border officials.
• Facilitate exchanges of best practices in road maintenance, bus operations, and
transport management.
• Promote collaborative research in smart transport systems and road safety technolo-
gies.

f. Digital Transport Management Platform

• Create a digital platform to monitor road traffic, track freight and bus movements,
and optimize logistics.
• Enhance transparency and coordination across member countries transport systems.

g. Sustainability and Regional Integration

• Promote eco-friendly buses (e.g., electric or hybrid) and sustainable road construc-
tion practices.
• Foster cultural and economic integration through enhanced passenger connectivity.
• Align with global sustainability goals by reducing road transport emissions.

4 Implementation Mechanisms
To operationalize the proposed framework, the following mechanisms are outlined to ensure
consensus, momentum, funding, and effective execution:

1. Establish a High-Level ECO Road and Bus Service Working Group

• Action: Convene a working group with representatives from Ministries of Trans-

port, Road Authorities, Economic Planning Bodies, and Customs Agencies during
the 29th RPC.
• Objective: Coordinate strategic planning, policy development, and implementation
oversight for road and bus initiatives.

2. Conduct Feasibility Studies for Road Corridors and Bus Routes

• Action: Commission studies to identify missing links, assess road conditions, and
determine optimal bus routes and operational models.
• Objective: Provide data-driven insights for investment and operational planning.

3. Develop a Long-Term ECO Road Network and Bus Service Plan

• Action: Formulate a multi-decade master plan for road development and a detailed
operational plan for the ECO Bus Service, based on feasibility studies.
• Objective: Establish a shared vision and roadmap for integrated road transport and
passenger services.

3
 4. Draft Regional Agreements on Road Transport and Bus Operations

• Action: Develop legally binding agreements covering cross-border transport, cus-

toms harmonization, transit permits, and ECO Bus Service operations (e.g., routes,
tariffs, safety).
• Objective: Provide a regulatory foundation for seamless road and bus services.

5. Secure Diverse Funding Sources

• Action: Prepare project proposals for the ECO Trade and Development Bank, Asian
Development Bank, World Bank, Islamic Development Bank, and private investors;
explore bilateral agreements.
• Objective: Ensure financial resources for infrastructure, bus fleet acquisition, and
operational enhancements.

6. Initiate Pilot Projects for Key Road Sections and Bus Routes

• Action: Select high-impact road sections or bus routes (e.g., tourist routes connect-
ing major cities) as pilot projects.
• Objective: Demonstrate benefits, build confidence, and refine strategies before scal-
ing up.

7. Convene Annual ECO Transport Ministers Meetings

• Action: Establish a forum for Transport Ministers to review progress, address chal-
lenges, and make policy decisions.
• Objective: Ensure sustained political commitment and strategic guidance.

8. Engage Private Sector and Transport Stakeholders

• Action: Organize forums to involve private transport operators, logistics firms, and
bus service providers in planning and implementation.
• Objective: Align the network and services with market demands and leverage pri-
vate sector expertise.

9. Monitoring and Evaluation

• Action: Track progress through key performance indicators (e.g., trade volumes,
passenger numbers, transit times); conduct impact assessments and solicit stake-
holder feedback.
• Objective: Ensure accountability and adapt strategies for maximum effectiveness.

5 Expected Outcomes
The proposed initiatives are expected to yield significant benefits:

• Economic Growth: Enhanced trade and logistics efficiency will stimulate GDP and job
creation.

4
 • Tourism and Cultural Exchange: The ECO Bus Service will boost tourism and regional
cohesion.

• Regional Connectivity: Upgraded roads and streamlined borders will strengthen eco-
nomic ties.

• Sustainability: Eco-friendly buses and sustainable practices will reduce emissions.

• Operational Efficiency: Harmonized regulations and digital platforms will streamline

transport.

6 Conclusion
By implementing the proposed framework, ECO member countries can forge an integrated road
network and a reliable ECO Bus Service that serve as a backbone for economic prosperity,
trade, and connectivity. The 29th RPC meeting provides a critical platform to initiate these
efforts, with the High-Level Working Group, pilot projects, and annual ministerial meetings
ensuring sustained progress. This initiative positions the ECO region as a global leader in road
transport connectivity and sustainable development.

5
 Proposal 13: Enhancing Regional Connectivity
through an Integrated ECO Rail Network
Dr. Muqeem Islam, PhD (Public Policy & Governance)
National Defence University
[email protected], +92 343 5090648
December 2018

Abstract
This proposal, presented at the 29th Meeting of the Economic Cooperation Organi-
zation (ECO) Regional Planning Council (RPC) in Tehran, Iran, from December 17–20,
2018, outlines a strategic framework to enhance regional connectivity through an inte-
grated railway network among ECO member countries. Recognizing the pivotal role of
rail infrastructure in fostering economic development, trade, tourism, and sustainability,
the initiative proposes standardized interoperability, infrastructure modernization, opera-
tional harmonization, joint investment mechanisms, capacity building, and a digital rail
management platform. Implementation mechanisms include a High-Level ECO Railway
Working Group, feasibility studies, a long-term master plan, a regional agreement, pilot
projects, and annual ministerial meetings. Drawing on global models like the EUs Trans-
European Transport Network, this framework aims to boost intra-regional trade, enhance
international trade corridors, and position the ECO region as a vital land bridge for global
commerce.

1 Introduction
Railway systems are critical enablers of economic integration, reducing transport costs, enhanc-
ing trade efficiency, and promoting sustainable development (?). The Economic Cooperation
Organization (ECO), comprising ten member countries with contiguous borders, has untapped
potential to develop an integrated rail network that strengthens regional connectivity. This
proposal, presented at the 29th ECO RPC meeting, advocates for a seamless rail system to
facilitate trade, tourism, and logistics, drawing inspiration from successful initiatives like the
EUs Trans-European Transport Network and Chinas Belt and Road Initiative. By harmonizing
infrastructure, operations, and policies, ECO countries can unlock economic opportunities and
position the region as a strategic land bridge connecting East Asia, Central Asia, Europe, and
the Middle East.

2 Objectives
The primary objective is to establish an integrated ECO rail network to enhance regional con-
nectivity. Specific objectives include:

1
 1. Boosting intra-regional trade by facilitating cost-effective goods movement.

2. Enhancing international trade corridors to position ECO as a global transit hub.

3. Promoting tourism and people-to-people connectivity through affordable rail travel.

4. Improving logistics efficiency with reduced transit times and predictable freight sched-
ules.

5. Fostering sustainable development through energy-efficient rail transport.

3 Proposed Framework for Cooperation

The following initiatives are proposed to achieve the stated objectives:

a. Standardization and Interoperability

• Harmonize technical standards for track gauges, signaling, and electrification to

ensure seamless cross-border operations.
• Develop common specifications for rolling stock and unified safety regulations.

b. Infrastructure Development and Modernization

• Construct missing rail links (e.g., AfghanistanTajikistanKyrgyzstanPakistan; Iran-

Central AsiaTurkey).
• Upgrade existing lines to enhance capacity, speed, and safety.
• Develop multimodal logistics hubs at border crossings and strategic nodes for effi-
cient rail-road-sea integration.

c. Operational Harmonization and Efficiency

• Streamline customs, immigration, and border control procedures for freight and
passengers.
• Implement a unified ticketing system for passengers and a single consignment note
for freight.
• Deploy integrated digital systems for real-time cargo and passenger tracking.

d. Joint Investment and Financing Mechanisms

• Establish a framework for joint ventures and public-private partnerships (PPPs).

• Explore funding from international institutions (e.g., Asian Development Bank,
World Bank) and private investors.
• Propose an ECO Railway Development Fund to support infrastructure projects.

e. Capacity Building and Knowledge Sharing

• Develop joint training programs for railway engineers, operators, and maintenance
staff.
• Facilitate exchanges of best practices in rail management and technology.

2
 • Promote collaborative research in railway innovation, including smart rail systems.
f. Digital Rail Management Platform
• Create a digital platform to monitor rail operations, track freight, and optimize
schedules.
• Enhance transparency and coordination across member countries rail networks.
g. Sustainability and Regional Integration
• Prioritize energy-efficient locomotives and renewable energy for rail operations.
• Promote rail as a low-carbon alternative to road transport, aligning with global
climate goals.
• Foster cultural and economic integration through enhanced passenger connectivity.

4 Implementation Mechanisms
To operationalize the proposed framework, the following mechanisms are outlined to ensure
consensus, momentum, funding, and effective execution:
1. Establish a High-Level ECO Railway Working Group
• Action: Convene a working group with representatives from Ministries of Trans-
port, National Railway Authorities, Economic Planning Bodies, and Customs Agen-
cies during the 29th RPC.
• Objective: Coordinate strategic planning, policy development, and implementation
oversight.
2. Conduct Feasibility Studies and Needs Assessments
• Action: Commission studies to identify missing links, assess infrastructure condi-
tions, and prioritize upgrades for key corridors.
• Objective: Provide data-driven insights for investment and technical planning.
3. Develop a Long-Term ECO Rail Master Plan
• Action: Formulate a multi-decade master plan based on feasibility studies, detailing
phased development, investment priorities, and technical standards.
• Objective: Establish a shared vision and roadmap for the integrated rail network.
4. Draft a Regional Agreement on Rail Cooperation
• Action: Develop a legally binding agreement covering cross-border operations, cus-
toms harmonization, tariffs, liability, and dispute resolution.
• Objective: Provide a regulatory foundation for seamless rail services.
5. Secure Diverse Funding Sources
Action: Prepare project proposals for the ECO Trade and Development Bank, Asian
Development Bank, World Bank, Islamic Development Bank, and private investors;
explore bilateral agreements.Objective: Ensure financial resources for infrastruc-
ture and operational enhancements.

3
 6.• Initiate Pilot Projects for Key Corridors
• Action: Select high-impact cross-border rail links or operational initiatives (e.g.,
unified customs procedures) as pilot projects.
• Objective: Demonstrate benefits, build confidence, and refine strategies before scal-
ing up.
7. Convene Annual ECO Transport Ministers Meetings
• Action: Establish a forum for Transport Ministers to review progress, address chal-
lenges, and make policy decisions.
• Objective: Ensure sustained political commitment and strategic guidance.
8. Engage Private Sector and Logistics Stakeholders
• Action: Organize forums to involve private railway operators, logistics firms, and
freight forwarders in planning and implementation.
• Objective: Align the network with market demands and leverage private sector
expertise.
9. Monitoring and Evaluation
• Action: Track progress through key performance indicators (e.g., trade volumes,
transit times, passenger numbers); conduct impact assessments and solicit stake-
holder feedback.
• Objective: Ensure accountability and adapt strategies for maximum effectiveness.

5 Expected Outcomes
The proposed initiatives are expected to yield significant benefits:
• Economic Growth: Increased trade and logistics efficiency will stimulate GDP and job
creation.
• Global Connectivity: Enhanced trade corridors will position ECO as a vital transit hub.
• Tourism and Cultural Exchange: Affordable rail travel will boost tourism and regional
cohesion.
• Sustainability: Rail transport will reduce carbon emissions compared to road alternatives.
• Operational Efficiency: Harmonized systems and digital platforms will streamline logis-
tics.

6 Conclusion
By implementing the proposed framework, ECO member countries can forge an integrated
rail network that serves as a backbone for economic prosperity, trade, and connectivity. The
29th RPC meeting provides a critical platform to initiate these efforts, with the High-Level
Working Group, pilot projects, and annual ministerial meetings ensuring sustained progress.
This initiative positions the ECO region as a global leader in rail connectivity and sustainable
development.