Weekly BeePedia

January 2025

INDEX

RBI, Banking and Economy ___________________________________________ 2

SEBI and Financial Awareness _________________________________________ 12

NABARD and Agriculture ___________________________________________ 21

National __________________________________________________________ 24

International _____________________________________________________ 31

States____________________________________________________________ 37

Reports and Indexes _______________________________________________ 44

Science and Technology ___________________________________________ 56

Defence __________________________________________________________ 65

Events ___________________________________________________________ 72

Awards & Rewards ___________________________________________________ 76

Appointments _____________________________________________________ 80

Important Days ___________________________________________________ 82

Obituaries_________________________________________________________ 84

Books ___________________________________________________________ 85

Sports ___________________________________________________________ 85
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RBI, Banking and Economy

RBI Penalties:

 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) imposed monetary penalties of ₹50,000 each on Belgaum District
Revenue Employees’ Co-operative Bank, Batlagundu Co-operative Urban Bank, and Sivakasi Co-
operative Urban Bank for non-compliance with KYC directions, specifically failing to upload customer
KYC records to the Central KYC Records Registry (CKYCR) within the prescribed timeline.
 Similarly, a penalty of ₹50,000 was levied on Indian School Finance Company Pvt. Ltd., Telangana,
for outsourcing a core management function (Internal Audit), violating RBI’s directions on outsourcing
financial services by NBFCs.
 These penalties were imposed under respective provisions of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, and
RBI Act, 1934, after statutory inspections conducted on the financial positions as of March 31, 2023.
Learn Along:
About RBI
Founded: 1 April 1935 Headquarters: Mumbai Governor: Sanjay Malhotra

WEP of NITI Aayog Partners With India’s Largest Convenience Retail Chain New Shop to Empower
Women Retail Business Owners

 The Women Entrepreneurship Platform (WEP) of NITI Aayog, in partnership with New Shop, launched
the EmpowHER Biz – Sapno Ki Udaan initiative to empower women entrepreneurs in the organized
retail sector.
 The program provides mentorship and training in retail management, digital tools, financial literacy, and
business development to equip participants for entrepreneurial success.
 Fifty women aged 18–35 from Delhi NCR, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Madhya
Pradesh, and Gujarat will be selected, with the top 20 receiving a 100% franchise fee waiver to establish
retail businesses.
 WEP, transitioned into a public-private partnership in 2022, focuses on overcoming information
asymmetry and offers support in finance, market linkages, training, mentoring, legal assistance, and
business development.
 New Shop, with 200 convenience stores across 35 cities, aims to empower 10,000 entrepreneurs by
2030, expanding its reach to high-density areas and transit hubs.
 The Award to Reward (ATR) program under WEP fosters impactful collaborations to support women’s
entrepreneurship through scalable and accessible frameworks.
 This collaboration aims to create a robust retail ecosystem empowering women entrepreneurs and
driving sustainable growth in the sector.

World Economic Situation and Prospects Report 2025

 The Indian economy is projected to grow by 6.6% in 2025, driven by strong private consumption,
investment, and infrastructure spending, according to the UN’s World Economic Situation and
Prospects report.
 Infrastructure investments in physical and digital connectivity, as well as sanitation and water supply,
are expected to have high multiplier effects on economic growth.
 Growth in manufacturing and services sectors, along with strong exports in pharmaceuticals and
electronics, will further support economic expansion.
 Favourable monsoons in 2024 have boosted agricultural output, improving rural incomes and
consumption, contributing to overall economic performance.
 South Asia’s economic growth, projected at 5.7% in 2025, is heavily reliant on India’s performance,
highlighting the interconnected nature of the region’s economies.
 Risks to growth include geopolitical tensions, slowing external demand, debt challenges, and climate-
related vulnerabilities that may hinder sustained progress.

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 India’s robust growth underpins regional stability, but addressing these risks is vital for maintaining
economic momentum.

Govt capex growth to slow in FY26: Goldman Sachs

 Goldman Sachs predicts a slowdown in government capex growth to 13% in the new financial year,
compared to 17% in FY24 and stronger growth in previous years.
 The government is expected to adhere to the fiscal consolidation roadmap, reducing the fiscal deficit
to 4.5% of GDP.
 Expenditure is likely to shift toward rural transfers and welfare spending, reflecting political priorities
given the BJP's reduced majority in Parliament.
 This aligns with the focus on balancing capital expenditure growth and social welfare initiatives ahead
of the Union Budget.

E-way bills in December at second highest level in two years, shows data

 E-way bills for goods transport reached 112 million in December, a 17.6% year-on-year growth, marking
the second-highest level in 24 months, after November’s five-month low of 101.8 million.
 These bills, mandatory for consignments over Rs 50,000, serve as an early indicator of economic
trends, reflecting demand and supply shifts.
 December's increase aligns with higher goods movement and typical end-of-quarter sales boosts, likely
impacting GST collections for January 2025.
 E-way bills peaked at 117.2 million in October due to the festive season, showing a positive trajectory for
economic activity.
 Experts highlight the rise as a sign of consumption growth and potential GDP recovery, though
December’s PMI dropped to a 12-month low of 56.4, hinting at mixed signals.
 The growth reflects increased manufacturing activity, supporting economic recovery as the financial
year-end approaches.

Govt approves 56 new watershed development projects worth Rs 700 crore

 The Rural Development Ministry has approved 56 new Watershed Development Projects worth ₹700
crores under the PMKSY-WDC 2.0 scheme across 10 best-performing states, including Rajasthan,
Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Odisha, and Tamil Nadu.
 Each project will cover approximately 5,000 hectares (less in hill states), aiming to rehabilitate 2.8 lakh
hectares of degraded land, ensuring efficient fund utilization and visible field impacts.
 These projects will focus on ridge area treatment, soil and moisture conservation, rainwater
harvesting, and livelihood support for asset-less persons.
 Objectives include increasing farmers' income, combating land degradation, and strengthening
climate resilience through integrated watershed management.
 Previous WDC-PMKSY projects have shown significant improvements in the groundwater table, surface
water availability, crop productivity, and farmers' income, showcasing sustainable development
through natural resource management.
 In 2021-22, 1,150 projects covering 50 lakh hectares were sanctioned under PMKSY-WDC 2.0 with an
allocation of ₹12,303 crores, demonstrating the program’s scale and impact.
Learn Along:
About PMKSY-WDC 2.0
 The Department has been implementing a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) ‘Integrated Watershed
Management Programme’ (IWMP) since 2009-10, which was amalgamated as the Watershed Development
Component of PMKSY (WDC-PMKSY) in 2015-16.
 The continuation of WDC-PMKSY has been allowed by Government of India on 15.12.2021 as ‘WDC-PMKSY
2.0’ for the project period of 2021-2026 with a physical target of 49.50 lakh ha and indicative Central financial outlay
of Rs. 8,134 crore.
 The project period has been reduced from existing 4 - 7 years to 3 - 5 years.

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 On the recommendations of NITI Aayog, rejuvenation of Springshed has been incorporated as a new activity
in the WDC-PMKSY 2.0 within the approved cost.

Inflation falls to 4-month low in December

 India’s retail inflation eased to a four-month low of 5.22% in December, down from 5.5% in November,
while food inflation dropped marginally from 9.04% to 8.4%, according to the NSO.
 Urban inflation was 4.6%, slightly lower than November’s 4.9%, whereas rural inflation was 5.8%, just
below November’s 5.95%.
 Consumer Price Inflation for Q3 2024-25 averaged 5.63%, close to the RBI’s projection of 5.7%, limiting
scope for rate cuts despite economic slowdown.
 Food inflation slowed but certain items like edible oils (14.6%), peas (89.12%), and potatoes (68.23%)
saw significant price rises; cereals and pulses inflation eased.
 Non-food inflation trends showed mixed results, with personal care inflation easing slightly to 9.7%, while
health inflation inched up to 4.05%.
 Chhattisgarh recorded the highest inflation at 7.63%, while Delhi had the lowest at 2.5%, with 10 States
reporting inflation above the national average.
 Elevated food inflation remains a major obstacle for rate cuts, with monthly CPI and CFPI indices showing
sequential declines in both urban and rural areas.

News related to RBI:

Topic Key Update Significance

Interest rate on GOI FRB 6.66% per annum set for Jan 25, 2025 Rate resets every 5 years based on GOI
2035 - Jan 24, 2030 securities yield
RBI asks banks to use fraud Mobile Number Revocation List Ensures secure digital transactions &
prevention tools (MNRL) mandated prevents misuse

RBI tightens penalty norms Maximum penalty increased to ₹10 New framework focuses on unauthorized
under PSS Act lakh or twice the amount involved operations and non-payment issues

RBI mandates name

Feature to be implemented by April 1, Enhances transaction accuracy and
verification for RTGS &
2025 security
NEFT

RBI’s Guidelines on Govt Financial relief for distressed Lenders must follow transparent
Debt Relief Scheme borrowers communication and assessment policies

National Co-op, Cosmos National Co-op Bank's 13 branches to be

Effective from Jan 6, 2025
Bank merger approved absorbed by Cosmos Co-op Bank
RBI sold $20.2 billion in Aimed at stabilizing the rupee amid FPI
Largest-ever sale in November 2024
forex market outflows
RBI allows overseas INR Non-residents can now hold rupee Boosts rupee-based trade settlements and
accounts accounts overseas investments
New rules simplify settlement of Board committees with independent
RBI eases norms for ARCs
borrower dues directors to oversee settlements
Learn Along:
About RBI
Headquarters: Mumbai Established: 1 April 1935 Governor: Sanjay Malhotra

GDP Growth Projections:

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Topic Key Update Significance

India to become 4th India projected to surpass Japan with 6.8% Highlights India’s economic resilience
largest economy by 2026 GDP growth in FY24 and 7.7% in FY26 and investment-friendly climate

Indian economy to grow Moody’s projects 7% GDP growth, benefiting Boosts insurance premiums and
7% in FY25: Moody’s insurance sector profitability in state-owned insurers

Global uncertainties impact India, but

NITI Aayog revises FY25 GDP growth revised to 6.5-7% due to US
long-term growth prospects remain
GDP forecast elections & China’s slowdown
strong

Indian economy to grow Deloitte forecasts GDP growth of 6.5-6.8% in Emphasizes resilience and policy-
6.5-6.8% in FY25: Deloitte FY25 driven growth

World Bank forecasts India to grow at 6.7% in FY26-FY27, Strong services & manufacturing sector
6.7% GDP growth surpassing global growth of 2.7% drive India’s global economic role

GDP growth projected to NSO estimates 6.4% GDP growth in FY25, Slower investment & manufacturing
fall to 6.4% lowest in 4 years growth challenge economic expansion

HSBC lowers FY25 GDP HSBC projects 6.2% GDP growth, rising to Indicates slower recovery but highlights
growth estimate 6.5% in FY26 positive trends in agriculture & exports

IMF MD: Indian economy IMF MD Kristalina Georgieva forecasts Highlights the need for economic
likely to be ‘a little weaker’ weaker economic performance for India in resilience amid geopolitical tensions
in 2025 2025 due to global uncertainties and shifting trade policies
Weaker manufacturing and investment
GDP growth likely at 6.3% SBI projects India’s GDP growth at 6.3% for
activity contribute to a four-year low in
in FY25: SBI report FY25, lower than the government’s estimate
GDP growth
Improved EBITDA performance
India Inc.’s leverage may Corporate leverage projected to decline,
expected to drive stronger corporate
improve in FY27: Fitch improving financial stability by FY27
credit ratings
India’s economy may UN projects steady growth driven by private India remains a key driver of South
grow 6.6% in 2025, 6.7% in consumption, investment, and infrastructure Asia’s economic expansion, despite
2026: UN report spending global risks

HSBC India gets RBI approval to open 20 new branches in 20 cities

 HSBC India has received approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to open 20 new branches
across cities, increasing its network to 46 branches in India.
 This marks a strategic shift, as the bank had previously shut down 24 branches in 2016 to focus on online
channels and wealth management.
 The new branches will be opened in cities with growing wealth pools, catering to affluent, high-net-
worth, and ultra-high-net-worth clients with domestic and international banking needs.
 HSBC India is positioning itself as the preferred international bank for India’s affluent and globally mobile
individuals, leveraging its global presence and expertise.
 The number of ultra-high-net-worth individuals in India is projected to grow by 50% by 2028, and HSBC
aims to capitalize on this trend with personalized banking services.
 HSBC aims to compete as a leading international bank in India, combining local scale with its
international character.

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Learn Along:
About HSBC India
CEO: Hitendra Dave Headquarters: Mumbai Founded: 1853

SBI unveils 2 schemes to boost deposit mobilisation

 State Bank of India (SBI) has launched two schemes, ‘Har Ghar Lakhpati’ and ‘SBI Patrons,’ to boost
deposit mobilization amid resource-raising challenges faced by banks.
 ‘Har Ghar Lakhpati’ is a Recurring Deposit (RD) scheme to help customers accumulate ₹1,00,000 or
its multiples, promoting savings habits, including among minors.
 ‘SBI Patrons’ is a specialised Term Deposit scheme for senior citizens aged 80+, offering enhanced
interest rates to reward their longstanding relationship with the bank.
 Both schemes cater to existing and new customers, focusing on financial planning and promoting
savings across different demographics.
Learn Along:
About SBI
Chairperson: Challa Sreenivasulu Setty Founded: 1 July 1955 Headquarters: Mumbai

New investment announcements rise 39% y-o-y in 9MFY25, power sector leads: SBI Research

 New investment announcements in the first nine months of FY25 rose 39% year-on-year (y-o-y) to over
₹32 lakh crore, led by the power sector with 42% share, followed by building infrastructure (23%),
manufacturing (19%), and transport infrastructure (10%).
 Private sector participation in investments has increased significantly, rising from 50% in FY21 to over
70% in 9MFY25, while government investments reached 4.1% of GDP in FY23, the highest since FY12.
 Gross block of Indian companies grew from ₹73.94 lakh crore in March 2020 to ₹106.50 lakh crore in
March 2024, with an average yearly addition of ₹8 lakh crore over the last five years.
 Capital work in progress stands at ₹13.63 lakh crore as of March 2024, indicating robust future
investment additions.
 The share of private investment in GDP is expected to reach 12.5% in FY24, the highest since FY16,
highlighting strong private sector activity in driving economic growth.
 Government and private sector shares in new investments have shifted over the years, with private
investment peaking at 68.67% in FY23, though it moderated to 59.57% in FY24 as government
contributions rose.
Learn Along:
About SBI
Founded: 1 July 1955 Headquarters: Mumbai Chairman: Challa Sreenivasulu Setty

SBI unveils TAB-based digital onboarding for NRIs’ account opening

 State Bank of India (SBI) has launched a TAB-based digital onboarding process for NRIs to simplify
opening NRE (Non-Resident External) and NRO (Non-Resident Ordinary) accounts.
 The initiative is available across SBI branches in India and select foreign offices, enhancing
convenience and efficiency.
 It eliminates the need for physical paperwork, enabling faster account opening through digital
document verification.

Textile exports increase 7% to $21.35 bn in Apr-Oct of FY25: Govt

 India's textiles and apparel exports, including handicrafts, grew 7% to USD 21.35 billion during April-
October FY 2024-25, compared to USD 20 billion in the same period of the previous year.
 The Ready-Made Garments (RMG) sector led with 41% of total exports (USD 8,733 million), followed
by Cotton Textiles (33%, USD 7,082 million) and Man-Made Textiles (15%, USD 3,105 million).
 Exports of wool and handloom products declined by 19% and 6%, respectively, while other principal
commodities showed growth.

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 Imports of textiles and apparel, including handicrafts, fell 1% to USD 5.42 billion, with Man-Made Textiles
leading imports at 34% (USD 1,859 million) due to a demand-supply gap.
 India's share in global textile trade is 3.9%, ranking as the sixth-largest exporter globally, with USA
and EU as major destinations, accounting for 47% of exports.
 India's exports faced initial challenges in FY 2024 due to geopolitical crises near the Red Sea, affecting
movement in early 2024, but rising consumption and production capacity signal self-reliance trends.
 Textiles and apparel, including handicrafts, contributed 8.21% of India's total exports in FY 2023-24,
reflecting its importance in the trade surplus and re-export-driven import dynamics.

Govt forms working group to revise WPI base year to FY23

 The government has set up an 18-member working group chaired by NITI Aayog Member Ramesh
Chand to revise the Wholesale Price Index (WPI) base year from 2011-12 to 2022-23.
 The revision aims to provide a more realistic picture of the price situation reflecting the structural
changes in the economy.
 The group will suggest the commodity basket for both WPI and Producer Price Index (PPI) with the
updated base year.
 It will review the price collection system and recommend improvements, along with determining the
computational methodology for WPI/PPI.
 This initiative aligns with efforts to enhance accuracy and relevance in economic indicators.

Work demand under MGNREGA rises 8.3% in Dec

 Work demand under MGNREGA in December 2024 increased by 8.3% year-on-year (YoY), marking
the second consecutive month of positive growth after November.
 In December 2024, 21.58 million households sought work, contributing to a total of 51.2 million
households working under the scheme in FY25, compared to 60 million in FY24.
 November 2024 also saw a 4% YoY rise in work demand, the only two months in FY25 with positive YoY
growth in demand.
 About ₹81,341 crore has been spent on the scheme so far in FY25, close to the ₹86,000 crore budget
allocation by the Centre, with additional funds to be sought if required.
 MGNREGA, a demand-driven scheme, reflects rural employment trends and is closely monitored to
address rural labor needs.

India’s coffee exports surge past record $1 billion mark in April-November

 India’s coffee exports surged past $1 billion during April-November 2023, with exports reaching $1.28
billion for the full year, a 12.22% increase from $1.14 billion in 2022-23.
 The growth is driven by higher prices for Robusta coffee and stocking ahead of the EU’s
deforestation regulation, which is expected to increase costs for agricultural exports.
 Italy, Russia, the UAE, Germany, and Turkey are key markets for India’s coffee exports.
 India ranks as the eighth-largest coffee grower globally and is the fifth-largest producer of Robusta
coffee, which constitutes 72% of India’s coffee production.
 Karnataka is the largest coffee-producing state, accounting for 71% of total production, followed by
Kerala (20%) and Tamil Nadu (5%).
 The total coffee harvest in 2023-24 was 3.74 lakh tonnes, including 1 lakh tonnes of Arabica and 2.6
lakh tonnes of Robusta.
 The coffee industry supports over 2 million jobs in India, and domestic consumption has minimal impact
on coffee prices due to its export-driven nature.
 Indian coffee is renowned for its high quality and commands a premium in international markets.

Govt amends Foreign Trade Policy, 2023 for Stakeholder Consultation; encourages inclusive
decision-making

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 The Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) amended the Foreign Trade Policy, 2023 to include
Para 1.07A and 1.07B, mandating stakeholder consultation for policy formulation or amendments.
 The amendment emphasizes seeking feedback from stakeholders, such as importers, exporters, and
industry experts, while providing mechanisms to explain reasons for not accepting suggestions.
 This initiative reflects the Government’s commitment to Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) by fostering
inclusiveness and stakeholder participation in decision-making processes.
 It aims to ensure that stakeholders can comment and contribute to policies affecting the import, export,
and transit of goods, while balancing diverse opinions for smooth functioning.
 The Government retains the right to make suo moto decisions in exceptional cases to address
contingencies or ensure business continuity.
 This notification ushers in a new era of inclusive decision-making in trade, highlighting the importance
of feedback while maintaining the Government’s sovereign authority.

Rural poverty rate falls below 5% for first time

 Poverty ratio in rural areas fell below 5% for the first time in FY24 to 4.86%, down from 7.2% in FY23,
driven by higher consumption growth in the lowest income group, according to SBI Research.
 In urban areas, the poverty ratio declined to 4.09% from 4.6%, narrowing the rural-urban income gap due
to enhanced infrastructure and Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) schemes.
 The SBI report attributes 30% of rural monthly per capita expenditure (MPCE) to government initiatives
like DBT, rural infrastructure development, and programs improving farmers' income and livelihoods.
 The new inflation-adjusted poverty line for FY24 is estimated at ₹1,632 for rural areas and ₹1,944 for
urban areas, compared to ₹816 and ₹1,000 respectively in FY12 (Tendulkar estimates).
 Critics argue that the Tendulkar poverty line, updated by the SBI report, underestimates poverty by not
accounting for consumption basket changes and treating it as a "destitution line."
 Rural low-income states showed greater impact from inflation, reducing consumption, while middle-
income states sustained demand. Urban poverty may decline further following 2021 census revisions,
per the report.

Indian Railways’ capex for FY25 surpasses ₹2 lakh crore, reaches 76% of Budget allocation

 Indian Railways has spent ₹2,02,003 crore on capital expenditure in FY25, achieving 76% of the
allocated Budget of ₹2.65 lakh crore, with ₹1,198 crore spent in the first five days of January.
 Spending under Gross Budgetary Support (GBS) reached ₹1,92,446 crore, or 76% of the allocated
₹2,52,200 crore, while Extra Budgetary Resources (EBR) for PPP projects achieved 87% utilization of
the ₹10,000 crore allocation.
 Year-on-year, GBS spending increased by 4%, while market borrowings under EBR fell by 35%,
reflecting improved utilization of internal funds supported by greater budgetary support.
 The highest spending, over ₹82,000 crore, was for capacity augmentation projects, including new lines,
track doubling, electrification, and metropolitan transport, utilizing 68% of the ₹1,20,794 crore allocation.
 Rolling stock expenditure totaled ₹40,000 crore, while safety-related initiatives spent ₹28,000 crore,
achieving 82% of the ₹34,412 crore allocation.
 Spending on customer amenities stood at ₹8,376 crore, or 55% of the ₹15,315 crore allocation,
reflecting a balanced focus on modernization and passenger comfort.
 Focus areas included Vande Bharat trains, congestion reduction, and enhanced freight movement
in energy, cement, and port connectivity sectors, alongside public enterprise adjustments.

Tata Steel becomes 'India's 1st' to develop hydrogen transportation pipes

 Tata Steel became the first Indian company to develop hydrogen-transportation pipes, marking a
major step in India’s clean energy efforts.
 The hydrogen-compliant API X65 pipes were processed at Khopoli using steel from Kalinganagar,
meeting all critical hydrogen transport requirements.

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 Tata Steel developed the entire process in-house, from designing hot-rolled steel to producing the
pipes, showcasing its energy infrastructure expertise.
 In 2024, Tata Steel became the first Indian company to manufacture hot-rolled steel for gaseous
hydrogen transportation, strengthening its market position.
 These pipes can transport 100% pure gaseous hydrogen under high pressure (100 bar), supporting
India’s National Hydrogen Mission.
 India aims to produce 5-10 MMT of Green Hydrogen annually by 2030, requiring significant investment
in hydrogen generation and transportation.
 Hydrogen-compliant steel demand is expected to rise from 2026-27, with an estimated 350,000
tonnes needed over the next 5-7 years.

Reliance inks pact to infuse ₹ 645 cr into Vadhvan port

 Reliance Industries (RIL) signed an MoU with Vadhvan Port Project Limited (VPPL) for a liquid jetty
and 50 acres under the PPP model, involving a ₹645 crore investment by 2030.
 Hudco committed ₹25,000 crore for port development under the PPP framework, and Terminal
Investment Ltd (TIL) pledged ₹20,000 crore for the Vadhvan Port Project.
 The Vadhvan Port, worth ₹76,220 crore, will become India’s largest container port with a 298 MMT
cargo capacity and 23.2 million TEUs, set for completion by 2029.
 JNPA leads the project with 74% equity, while the Maharashtra Maritime Board holds the remainder; the
port uses a landlord model with terminals built through PPP.
 In 2024, JNPA handled 7.05 million TEUs, with 11% annual growth. By 2027, throughput is projected
at 10 million TEUs, boosted by expansions like BMCT Phase II and Nhava Sheva Freeport Terminal.
 JNPA SEZ spans 277.38 hectares, with 54 operational units and ₹1,700 crore in proposed investments;
Exim trade grew significantly in FY25 to 13,906 TEUs.
 Recent expansions include ₹2,000 crore for JNPA capacity growth, enhancing its role in India’s export-
import trade and logistics.
 The all-weather greenfield deep draft port, located in Palghar, Maharashtra, aims to transform regional
trade and infrastructure under India’s port development initiatives.

Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal sets a target of 10000 GI tags by 2030;committee to be formed to
oversee implementation

 Union Minister Piyush Goyal set a target of achieving 10,000 GI Tags by 2030, with oversight by a
government committee, building on the current 605 GI tags.
 The number of authorized users of GI tags increased from 365 to 29,000, and patents granted rose
from 6,000 to 1,00,000 in the last decade, reflecting efforts under PM Narendra Modi's leadership.
 The government emphasized the ‘Vikas bhi aur Virasat bhi’ vision, with initiatives like Anusandhan
National Research Foundation Fund and One District One Product (ODOP) to promote heritage and
innovation.
 States like Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra were praised for their role in promoting GI products,
alongside the government’s focus on improving manpower and digital processes in the IPR ecosystem.
 Stress was laid on better branding of GI products, collaboration with FSSAI and BIS for quality standards,
and combating counterfeit goods.
 Promotion plans include showcasing GI products on platforms like GeM, ONDC, and e-commerce,
partnerships with railways, airports, and Indian embassies abroad to unlock export potential.
 The government aims to integrate GI-tagged handloom, handicrafts, and specialty foods into global
markets, leveraging private and public sector collaborations.

Skydo gets in-principle approval to operate as a payment aggregator-cross border entity

 Skydo Technologies, a Bengaluru-based fintech firm, has received in-principle approval from the RBI
to operate as a Payment Aggregator-Cross Border (PA-CB) entity.

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 The company supports over 12,000 Indian exporters, processing $250 million annually, offering
invoicing, payments, reconciliation, and transparent forex rates with no markups.
 Key features include instant KYC onboarding, dedicated customer support, fast settlements, and
regulatory compliance.
 With this approval, Skydo aims to scale operations tenfold in the next 18-24 months, expand to import
payments, and develop new trade corridors globally.
 Plans to diversify services include credit solutions, tax compliance, treasury services, and Export
Data Processing and Monitoring System (EDPMS) reconciliation.
 Skydo joins a select group of RBI-authorized PA-CB entities, including Adyen India, Amazon Pay,
Cashfree Payments, and others.
 This regulatory milestone positions Skydo to enhance cross-border payment solutions, supporting Indian
exporters’ global ambitions.

IDFC FIRST Bank launches FIRST EA₹N RuPay credit card with UPI, FD, cashback features

 The FIRST EA₹N RuPay Credit Card by IDFC FIRST Bank is secured by a Fixed Deposit (FD), making
it an ideal option for new credit card users.
 Equipped for UPI transactions, the card supports over 60 million UPI QR codes, offering seamless
digital payments.
 Features include 1% cashback on UPI transactions via the IDFC app, 5% cashback on other UPI apps,
insurance, utility bills, and e-commerce.
 Additional benefits include a roadside assistance package worth ₹1,399, lost card liability cover of
₹25,000, and personal accident insurance of ₹2,00,000.
 Users receive an instant virtual credit card with UPI integration for immediate usage, simplifying the
onboarding process.
Learn Along:
About IDFC FIRST Bank
Headquarters: Mumbai Founded: October 2015 CEO: V. Vaidyanathan

Cabinet Approves revival plan for Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd (RINL) at a total cost of Rs 11,440 crores

 The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), chaired by PM Narendra Modi, approved a
revival plan for Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd. (RINL) with a total infusion of ₹11,440 crore, including
₹10,300 crore as equity capital and ₹1,140 crore converted to 7% Non-cumulative Preference Share
Capital.
 RINL, operating the Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (VSP), is India’s only offshore government-owned
steel plant with a capacity of 7.3 Mtpa of liquid steel.
 RINL’s financial condition was critical, with a negative net worth of ₹(-)4,538 crore and liabilities far
exceeding assets as of March 2024, requiring urgent intervention to resume operations.
 The equity infusion will address working capital shortages, enabling the plant to operate two blast
furnaces by January 2025 and three by August 2025, ensuring it reaches full production capacity.
 The revival is critical to stabilizing the Indian steel market, ensuring the livelihood of employees, and
supporting national economic development.
 The initiative aligns with the National Steel Policy 2017, emphasizing efficient utilization of public
resources and augmenting steel production as a key indicator of economic growth.
Learn Along:
About Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd.
Headquarters: Visakhapatnam Founded: 18 February 1982

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Poor demand hits private sector investments

 Private sector investment plans declined by 1.4% in

Q3 2024-25, reflecting weak domestic demand, high
inflation, and rising input costs.
 Government capital expenditure boosted overall
investments by 9.9% to ₹11.46 lakh crore, driven by a
34.6% surge in State government investments, far
outpacing the Union government’s 11.8% growth.
 Total private sector projects dropped from 1,253 in Q2
to 1,061 in Q3, with private investors’ share of new
projects falling to 62.2% from 66.2%.
 Foreign investments surged 44.2% to ₹1.02 lakh crore,
mainly due to Arcelor Mittal Nippon’s ₹70,000 crore
steel project.
 Sectors like mining, irrigation, pharma, construction, and automobile saw sharp contractions in
outlays, while electricity projects rose 21.9%, forming 39.3% of new investments.
 Rajasthan led in new projects, with outlays tripling to ₹2.25 lakh crore, displacing Maharashtra and
Gujarat, while Tamil Nadu’s investments fell by 60.8% compared to Q2.
 The 2025-26 outlook remains optimistic, with easing inflation and policy measures expected to revive
private sector participation and economic growth.

Trade deficit in Dec. at three-month low; goods exports dip

1%

 India's goods exports contracted by 1% year-on-year in

December to over $38 billion, while imports grew 4.9% to
nearly $60 billion, reducing the trade deficit to a three-month
low of $21.9 billion from November's record $31.8 billion.
 Gold imports fell to $4.7 billion in December, more than
halving from November’s corrected figure, but were still 55.4%
higher year-on-year compared to December 2023.
 Commerce Secretary Sunil Barthwal highlighted the resilience
of export values, with growth in every quarter of the financial
year and December marking the third time in 2024-25 that
exports exceeded $38 billion.
 Overall exports for April to December 2024 rose 1.6% to $321.7 billion, while imports increased 5.15%
to $532.5 billion, pushing the cumulative trade deficit to $210.8 billion, up 11.1% year-on-year.
 Petroleum imports increased by 2.2% in December, but petroleum product exports dropped sharply
by 28.6%, contributing to a 20.84% decline in petro product exports from April to December.
 The decline in petroleum exports was attributed to a 20% drop in petroleum prices, but non-petroleum
exports rose 5.05% in December and 7.05% over the April-December period.
 Officials emphasized the consistent performance of non-petroleum exports despite challenges, reflecting
robust growth.

Cumulative merchandise exports rise 1.6% in Apr Dec

 Gold imports in November were revised down by $5 billion to $9.8 billion due to a double-counting
error, stemming from the transition of data from NSDL to ICEGATE, leading to trade data revisions.
 The Commerce Department is creating a standard operating procedure to improve coordination and
ensure accurate data reconciliation, with the review expected to conclude next month.

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 Elevated gold imports in December, rising 55% year-on-year to $4.7 billion, along with higher imports
of electronics (9.6%), petroleum products (2.2%), and machinery (11.75%), contributed to trade
dynamics.
 On the export side, petroleum shipments dropped 28.6%, and gems and jewellery exports fell 26%,
but electronics (35.11%), engineering goods (8.35%), and readymade garments (12.89%) recorded
growth.
 Core exports, excluding petroleum and gems/jewellery, rose 8% to $30.9 billion, while cumulative exports
for April–December increased 1.6% to $321.71 billion, with imports up 5.1% to $532.48 billion.
 The current account deficit (CAD) is estimated at 2% of GDP for Q3FY25 and 1% for FY25, aided by
the sequential dip in the trade deficit and data revisions.
 In services, exports grew 3.2% year-on-year in December to $32.66 billion, while imports increased
11.9%, resulting in a trade surplus of $15.16 billion, though these figures remain provisional.

Nehru port to enter top global ports with 10 mn TEUs by 2027

 Jawaharlal Nehru Port Authority (JNPA) aims to be India's first port in the global top ports list by
achieving 10 million TEUs by 2027, supported by ₹2,000 crore in expansion projects.
 The port handled a record 7.05 million TEUs in 2024, with an 11% annual growth year-on-year.
 Capacity expansion includes the second phase of Bharat Mumbai Container Terminal (adding 2.4
million TEUs) and Nhava Sheva Freeport Terminal upgradation in 2025.
 MoUs were signed for the Vadhavan Port Project, including an agreement with Reliance Industries for
a Liquid Jetty and land under the PPP model.
 Additions like a solar-powered boat, 70T tugs, and fire tenders enhance the port's safety and efficiency.

Important MoUs By DPIIT

Topic Key Update Significance

DPIIT Inks MoU DPIIT partnered with Startup Strengthens India's position as a
with Startup Policy Policy Forum (SPF) to boost global innovation hub and promotes
Forum India's startup ecosystem Indian startups globally
DPIIT Partners Collaboration to support Indian Helps startups expand globally and
With Stride startups with funding, aligns with ‘Make in India’ and ‘Make
Ventures mentorship, and market access for the World’ initiatives
DPIIT and JKEDI joined forces to Provides mentorship, funding, and
DPIIT and JKEDI
strengthen the startup market linkages, benefiting startups
sign MoU
ecosystem in Jammu & Kashmir in J&K
Agreement to support Enhances startup support in the
DPIIT signs MoU
manufacturing startups through manufacturing sector and promotes
with Bhaane Group
incubation programs global market access
MoU with Apna to provide hiring Creates job opportunities for youth
DPIIT partners with
credits for DPIIT-registered and strengthens the startup talent
Apna
startups ecosystem
DPIIT enters into
DPIIT partnered with ITC Limited Leverages ITC’s expertise to support
strategic
to promote innovation and startups in manufacturing, renewable
partnership with
market opportunities for startups energy, and digital transformation
ITC

SEBI and FINANCIAL AWARENESS

Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU-IND) and National Housing Bank (NHB) sign MoU for enhanced
coordination and information exchange

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 The Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU-IND) and National Housing Bank (NHB) signed an MoU in New
Delhi to strengthen the implementation of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) and its
rules.
 The MoU facilitates mutual cooperation, including sharing of intelligence and information, and
appointing nodal officers for coordination.
 It aims to enhance the Anti-Money Laundering/Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT)
skills of supervised entities like Housing Finance Companies through outreach, training, and procedural
guidelines.
 The MoU focuses on identifying red flag indicators, assessing AML/CFT risks and vulnerabilities, and
monitoring compliance with PMLA rules and RBI/NHB guidelines.
 Both organizations will conduct quarterly meetings to discuss trends, typologies, and cases of AML/CFT
crimes and monitor compliance performance.
 The agreement strengthens efforts to align with international standards and ensures effective
supervision of housing finance companies under the PMLA framework.
 This collaboration underscores the commitment to curbing financial crimes and safeguarding the integrity
of the housing finance sector in India.
Learn Along:
About NHB
Managing Director: Sanjay Shukla Set up: July 9, 1988 Head Office : New Delhi

Centre approves setting up of 8th Pay Commission for government employees, pensioners

 The 8th Pay Commission is expected to be implemented from January 1, 2026, benefiting over 50 lakh
central government employees and 65 lakh pensioners, including defense sector retirees.
 It aims to revise basic pay, allowances, pensions, and benefits, potentially increasing the minimum
salary from Rs 18,000 to Rs 51,480 if the fitment factor is raised from 2.57 to 2.86.
 Central and state government employees, pensioners, and trade unions are eagerly awaiting its
establishment and possible announcements in the upcoming Union Budget 2025.
 The 7th Pay Commission was implemented in January 2016, with a fitment factor of 2.57, leading to a
significant salary increase and expenditure rise of Rs 1 lakh crore for FY 2016-17.
 Pay Commissions are set up every 10 years to address salary structures, allowances, and economic
factors, with the 8th Commission continuing this trend.
 The initiative supports government employees and pensioners by addressing inflation and economic
circumstances, aligning with past commissions' impact on improving salary structures.

India Inc´s foreign borrowings down 20.2% in 2024 as ₹

slips

 Indian companies’ foreign borrowings declined 20.2%

in 2024 to $23.33 billion, down from $29.22 billion in
2023, as the rupee depreciated against the dollar,
increasing repayment costs and forward cover prices.
 Analysts predict a continued decline in overseas debt in
2025, with many firms turning to local banks for funding
due to a 200-250 basis point cost difference between
local and foreign currency loans for well-rated companies.
 The rupee weakened by 4.4% in 2024, closing at 85.57
per dollar, impacting companies lacking natural hedges,
while export-heavy firms like Reliance Industries remain
better positioned with dollar-denominated revenues.
 Rising forward cover prices and global volatility are expected to make foreign fundraising costlier,
particularly for companies without substantial export revenue.

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 Export-focused sectors like IT, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and apparel are set to benefit from the weaker
rupee, improving profitability despite higher import costs.

UPI share in digital payments grew to 83% in 2024

 The Unified Payments Interface (UPI) contribution to digital payments surged from 34% in 2019 to 83%
in 2024, as per the RBI's payment system report.
 The share of other payment methods like NEFT, RTGS, IMPS, and cards declined from 66% in 2019 to
17% in 2024.
 India recorded over 208.5 billion digital payment transactions in 2024 alone, driven by increased
adoption of real-time payments.
 UPI P2M (person-to-merchant) payments grew at a remarkable CAGR of 99%, especially for
transactions below ₹500, between 2019 and 2024.
 UPI P2P (person-to-person) payments also grew significantly, though at a slower CAGR of 56% during
the same period.
 This highlights UPI's dominance in transforming India's digital payments ecosystem.
Learn Along:
About UPI
 Unified Payments Interface (UPI) is a system that powers multiple bank accounts into a single mobile application
(of any participating bank), merging several banking features, seamless fund routing & merchant payments
into one hood.
 It also caters to the “Peer to Peer” collect request which can be scheduled and paid as per requirement and
convenience.
 NPCI conducted a pilot launch with 21 member banks. The pilot launch was on 11th April 2016 by Dr. Raghuram
G Rajan, Governor, RBI at Mumbai.

NPCI Implements Stricter UPI Rules from Feb 1, 2025

 NPCI has mandated that UPI transactions with special characters in transaction IDs will be declined
from February 1, 2025 to enforce compliance with technical specifications.
 The directive follows NPCI’s March 2024 guidelines (OC 193), which required transaction IDs to be
strictly alphanumeric for uniformity in processing.
 Despite earlier instructions, some UPI participants continued using special characters, prompting
NPCI to implement stricter measures.
 From February 1, 2025, users and merchants must ensure transaction IDs follow the correct format
to avoid payment failures.
 All UPI participants, including banks, payment providers, and third-party apps, must update their
systems to comply with the new format.
 Failure to comply may lead to transaction disruptions, affecting payments made through UPI apps
and merchant platforms.
 NPCI has urged stakeholders to take necessary action and ensure a smooth transition before the
enforcement date.
 Compliance with technical specifications is critical for maintaining seamless and secure digital
transactions across the UPI network.

Shriram Housing Finance rebrands to ‘Truhome Finance’

 Shriram Housing Finance has rebranded as Truhome Finance following its acquisition by Warburg
Pincus and co-investors like QIA, supported by an investment of ₹1,225 crore, boosting its net worth to
over ₹3,300 crore.
 The new brand reflects the company's mission to provide affordable housing finance and support
homeownership dreams for underserved populations in India.
 Truhome Finance emphasizes transparency, trustworthiness, and accessibility, aiming to be a
supportive partner for individuals from all socio-economic backgrounds.

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 The rebranding signifies a focus on growth while maintaining continuity in products, services, and
leadership, ensuring seamless operations.
 The acquisition aligns with Warburg Pincus's vision of driving financial inclusion and scaling operations
to make homeownership a reality for many families in India.

PNB MetLife partners with Saraswat Co-operative Bank to offer insurance solutions

 PNB MetLife India Insurance has entered into a bancassurance partnership with Saraswat Co-
operative Bank, the largest urban co-operative bank in India, to offer life insurance solutions to the
bank's 30 lakh customers across 302 branches nationwide.
 The collaboration aims to enhance financial inclusion by providing savings, protection, retirement,
and group insurance plans to underserved and uninsured segments.
 Bancassurance leverages the bank’s extensive distribution network to sell insurance, benefiting the bank
through commissions and the insurer through a wider customer reach.
 The partnership supports PNB MetLife’s vision of “Milkar Life Aage Badhaein”, combining expertise and
trust to increase insurance penetration and promote financial security for millions.

TATA AIG unveils CyberEdge, targets 25% cyber insurance market share by 2030

 TATA AIG General Insurance launched CyberEdge, a cyber insurance solution designed to protect
businesses from cyber risks such as data breaches, extortion, and business interruptions.
 The policy provides financial and operational support, including forensic investigations, legal fees,
data recovery, and extortion payments, with a focus on swift incident response.
 CyberEdge targets 25% market share in the next five years, as the Indian cyber insurance market,
valued at ₹850 crore (2024), is projected to grow at a CAGR of 25% (2025–2030).
 With 79 million cyberattacks in 2023 and projections of 1 trillion attacks annually by 2033, SMEs and
sectors like IT, BPOs, and banks are increasingly adopting cyber insurance.
 Key features include First Response cover, bricking recovery expenses, network interruption
coverage, BYOD protection, and loss prevention services, ensuring minimal operational disruption.

India’s Forex Reserves Decline

 India’s forex reserves stood at $623.983 billion as of January 17, 2025, marking a decline of $1.88
billion from the previous week, following a larger drop of $8.714 billion the prior week.
 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) attributes these fluctuations to market interventions to stabilize the
rupee and changes in asset valuations.
 Key components include Foreign Currency Assets (FCA) at $533.133 billion, gold reserves at $68.947
billion, SDRs at $17.782 billion, and the IMF reserve position at $4.122 billion.
 Factors influencing reserves include RBI market interventions, exchange rate changes, and global
economic conditions.
 Reserves have declined from their peak of $704.885 billion in September 2024, raising concerns about
currency stability and potential economic pressures.
 Implications of declining reserves include challenges in inflation control, increased rupee volatility, and
potential impacts on investor confidence and foreign investment inflows.

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Fiscal Health Index 2025 of Niti Aayog

 Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Goa, and Jharkhand were the

top-performing States listed as “achievers” in NITI
Aayog's Fiscal Health Index 2025, covering the fiscal
year 2022-23.
 Odisha scored the highest overall index of 67.8, excelling
in debt index (99.0), debt sustainability (64.0), and
maintaining low fiscal deficits with effective revenue
mobilisation.
 States like Punjab, Kerala, West Bengal, and Andhra
Pradesh were listed as “aspirational” due to low
revenue mobilisation, high debt, and fiscal challenges.
 Front-runner States included Maharashtra, Uttar
Pradesh, Telangana, Madhya Pradesh, and
Karnataka, showing balanced fiscal management,
high developmental expenditure, and improved debt
sustainability.
 Kerala and Punjab struggled with low expenditure quality and debt sustainability, while West Bengal
faced issues in revenue mobilisation and debt index.
 The top achievers had capital outlay up to 4% of GSDP, low interest payments (7% of revenue receipts),
and surplus revenues.
 The Fiscal Health Index used data from the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) to assess 18 major
States' contributions to India’s GDP, demography, and fiscal stability.

SBI Payments & Pine Labs deepen partnership to fuel digital payments

 SBI Payments and Pine Labs expanded their strategic alliance, strengthening their 12-year
partnership to enhance digital payments and commerce in India.
 SBI Payments, a joint venture between SBI and Hitachi Payment Services, and Pine Labs, a
merchant commerce platform, currently power over 200,000 digital checkout points across the
country.
 The partnership aims to accelerate digital payment adoption, ensuring seamless and secure checkout
experiences across multiple payment methods.
 SBI Payments' vast distribution network and Pine Labs' advanced payment solutions will help boost
merchant capabilities and drive sales growth.
 Financial inclusion and merchant empowerment are key goals, ensuring digital accessibility for
businesses nationwide, regardless of location.
 This banking-fintech collaboration aims to deliver integrated, one-stop payment solutions,
improving merchant productivity and customer convenience.

IRDAI caps elders’ health cover spike

 IRDAI has directed general and health insurers not to increase health insurance premiums for senior
citizens by more than 10% per annum.
 This decision addresses concerns about rising health insurance costs for individuals aged 60 years
and above.
 Insurers cannot withdraw health insurance products for senior citizens without prior consultation with
IRDAI.
 The move comes ahead of the Union Budget and amid discussions on reducing the 18% GST on health
policies.
 Rising medical inflation and hospitalization costs contribute to the increase in insurance premiums.
 Insurance costs depend on claim payouts, acquisition costs, and hospital charges, which are not
standardized across hospitals.

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 IRDAI has urged insurers to publicize measures taken and work towards common hospital
empanelment and negotiated treatment rates.
 A strict watch will be kept on indemnity-based individual health insurance products for senior
citizens.
Learn Along:
About IRDAI
Founded: 1999 Headquarters: Hyderabad Chairperson: Debasish Panda

CRED launches beta version of e₹ wallet, becomes first fintech to integrate RBI’s digital currency

 CRED has launched a beta version of its e-rupee (e₹) wallet, becoming the first fintech to integrate
RBI’s central bank digital currency (CBDC).
 YES Bank is the first sponsor bank, facilitating CBDC issuance for a third-party application like
CRED.
 RBI’s April 2024 monetary policy proposed expanding CBDC-Retail access through non-bank
payment operators, enhancing user choice and transaction resilience.
 Fintechs like PhonePe, AmazonPay, Google Pay, and Mobikwik are also exploring CBDC adoption
under RBI’s digital currency pilot.
Learn Along:
About CRED
Headquarters: Bengaluru Founded: 2018

Government Approves Mutual Credit Guarantee Scheme to Strengthen MSME Manufacturing Sector,
fulfilling the budget announcement of 2024-25

 GoI approved MCGS-MSME to provide 60% guarantee coverage by NCGTC for loans up to ₹100 crore
to eligible MSMEs for purchasing equipment/machinery.
 MSMEs must have a valid Udyam Registration; the loan amount guaranteed shall not exceed ₹100
crore, though project cost can be higher.
 Minimum 75% of the project cost must be for equipment/machinery; loans up to ₹50 crore have an 8-
year repayment period with a 2-year moratorium on principal.
 5% upfront contribution is required, and Annual Guarantee Fee is nil in the first year, followed by
1.5% p.a. for 3 years and 1% p.a. thereafter.
 The scheme will apply for 4 years or until a ₹7 lakh crore guarantee is issued, whichever is earlier.
 It supports Make in India, aiming to increase manufacturing’s GDP share to 25% by improving access
to credit for MSMEs.
 India’s role in global supply chains is growing, and this scheme will help MSMEs expand
manufacturing capacity with collateral-free loans.
 Banks, NBFCs, and AIFIs registered under the scheme will provide loans, ensuring MSME sector
growth and job creation.

Microsoft unveils $3-billion outlay plan for India to boost AI, cloud infrastructure

 Microsoft has announced a $3 billion investment in India, marking its largest expansion in the country
to bolster AI infrastructure and innovation.
 The investment will focus on building new data centres, enhancing computing capabilities, and enabling
advanced AI solutions in one of the fastest-growing digital markets.
 Microsoft’s partnerships with local enterprises, like Jio, highlight India’s importance in the global race for
AI dominance, with Indian developers projected to be the largest community on GitHub by 2028.
 Microsoft’s Copilot AI platform, showcased at the event, offers transformative tools for automating tasks
and improving productivity in industries like healthcare and knowledge work.
 The initiative aligns with the rapid adoption of AI tools in India, as Microsoft integrates AI into products like
Windows 365 and collaborates with global tech firms to revolutionize workflows.
Learn Along:
About Microsoft

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CEO: Satya Nadella Headquarters: Washington, United States Founded: April 4, 1975

Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi inaugurates the Grameen Bharat Mahotsav 2025

 Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Grameen Bharat Mahotsav 2025 (GBM2025) with the
theme 'Building a Resilient Rural India for a Viksit Bharat 2047', aiming to enhance rural infrastructure,
promote entrepreneurship, and celebrate India’s cultural heritage.
 The event highlights rural development efforts since 2014, including schemes like PM Awas Yojana,
Swachh Bharat Mission, and Jal Jeevan Mission, emphasizing basic amenities, health facilities, and
digital connectivity in villages.
 The Prime Minister emphasized empowering rural women through initiatives like Lakhpati Didis, Drone
Didis, and Self-Help Groups (SHGs), aiming to expand their roles in the rural economy.
 The Mahotsav showcases over 50 GI-tagged products, promotes natural farming, and supports tribal
welfare, with a focus on integrating North-East products into the mainstream market.
 Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) and MSMEs are receiving support to boost rural income through
branding, marketing, and financial assistance under schemes like Mudra Yojana and Stand-Up India.
 Initiatives like Swamitva Yojana provide property rights to villagers, while efforts to digitize 70,000
Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) aim to improve economic opportunities in rural areas.

DFS Secretary launches revamped ‘BAANKNET’ e-auction portal for e-auction of properties as one-
stop destination

 M. Nagaraju, Secretary, Department of Financial Services, launched the revamped e-auction portal
'Baanknet' in New Delhi, consolidating property listings from Public Sector Banks (PSBs) into a single
platform.
 The platform simplifies the discovery and participation process for buyers and investors by offering a range
of properties, including residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural land, and vehicles.
 It is designed to aid PSBs’ recovery efforts, enhance credit availability, and unlock the value of
distressed assets, fostering transparency, efficiency, and investor confidence.
 Key features include integrated payment gateways, automated KYC tools, a dashboard for analytics,
and a helpdesk for customer support, ensuring a frictionless user experience.
 Over 1,22,500 properties have already been migrated to the portal, and training has been provided to
PSB executives and Debt Recovery Tribunal (DRT) officers for effective utilization.
 The initiative aims to boost economic growth, improve bank balance sheets, and promote seamless
recovery processes through advanced technology and collaboration with PSBs, IBBI, and DRTs.

Net GST collection growth slumps to 3.3% in December

 India’s gross GST receipts grew 7.3% in December, reaching ₹1.77 lakh crore, marking the second-
slowest pace in 43 months and a three-month low.
 Net GST collections, after refunds, rose 3.3%, the weakest growth in FY 2024-25, with net receipts at
₹1.54 lakh crore.
 A 45.3% increase in refunds, amounting to ₹22,490 crore, contributed to the sharp moderation in net
collections.
 Revenues from domestic transactions grew 8.4%, lower than November’s 9.4%, while import
revenues grew 3.9%, down from 5.9%.
 Growth in net GST collections for the first nine months of 2024-25 is at 8.6%, below the 11% growth
target in the Budget.
 14 States, led by Sikkim (30%), Haryana (28%), and Punjab (22%), reported over 8% growth, but large
States like Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh grew by just 1%, and Arunachal Pradesh saw a 27% drop.
 The slowdown is attributed to a moderation in GDP growth, but future GST collections may improve with
expected GDP recovery, according to experts.

Global insurance rates fall 0.9% in 2024, first drop since 2017

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 Global insurance premiums fell 0.9% in 2023, driven by increased competition after years of rate hikes,
according to Howden.
 Insurers had previously raised rates due to losses from wars, natural catastrophes, and inflation, which
boosted their profitability and attracted new market entrants.
 Reinsurance rates also declined on Jan. 1, with global property catastrophe reinsurance rates down
by 8%, setting a trend for the year.
 For loss-free portfolios, property catastrophe reinsurance rates dropped further by 5% to 15%, as
reported by Guy Carpenter.
 Howden noted insurers are experiencing relief from pricing pressures seen over the past three years,
benefiting their clients.
 Despite rate decreases, 2024 may be volatile, as insurers are expected to absorb natural catastrophe
losses, with reinsurers limiting the coverage they provide.

IOC, BPCL, HPCL to get ₹35,000 crore in LPG subsidy

 The Centre is expected to provide a ₹35,000 crore subsidy to IOC, BPCL, and HPCL to offset losses
from selling domestic LPG at unchanged prices.
 The price of LPG cylinders (₹803 per 14.2 kg) has remained unchanged since March 2024, despite
increased raw material costs.
 This has led to under-recoveries of ₹40,500 crore and a significant fall in earnings during the April-
September period.
 The subsidy will be split over two years: ₹10,000 crore in 2024-25 and ₹25,000 crore in the following
fiscal year.
 The measure aims to support State-owned fuel retailers against rising input costs and ensure price stability
for consumers.
Learn Along:
About BPCL
Founded: 24 January 1976 Headquarters: Mumbai Chairman & MD: G Krishnakumar
About HPCL
Founded: 5 July 1952 Headquarters: Mumbai CMD: Rajneesh Narang
About IOC
Founded: 30 June 1959 Headquarters: New Delhi Chairman: Arvindar Singh Sahney

PhonePe partners with ICICI Lombard to offer Maha Kumbh Mela insurance

 PhonePe has partnered with ICICI Lombard General Insurance to launch an insurance plan for Maha
Kumbh Mela travelers, available from January 13, 2024, to February 25, 2025.
 Coverage includes hospitalization (up to ₹50,000), OPD cover (₹1,500), personal accident cover (₹1
lakh), trip cancellation (₹5,000), and repatriation of remains (₹10,000).
 The Maha Kumbh Mela, one of the largest spiritual gatherings globally, will take place in Prayagraj,
Uttar Pradesh, from January 13 to February 26, 2025.
 The initiative aims to provide affordable and comprehensive protection, ensuring a stress-free
pilgrimage for millions of devotees.
 Vishal Gupta, CEO of PhonePe Insurance, highlighted the commitment to offering holistic and
innovative solutions, while ICICI Lombard emphasized customer-focused innovation for safe and
secure travel.
Learn Along:
About PhonePe
Founded: 2015 CEO: Sameer Nigam Headquarters: Bengaluru, Karnataka

Fintechs´ personal loan portfolio falls 10% in Q2: FACE

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 Unsecured personal credit growth is normalizing, with quarterly loan sanction growth moderating to
2% in Q1FY25 and 3% in Q2FY25, compared to 7% and 10% in FY24, as per the Fintech Association
for Consumer Empowerment (FACE).
 On a YoY basis, fintech personal loan sanctions grew 10% to ₹24,847 crore in Q2FY25, up from ₹22,439
crore in Q2FY24, reflecting a stabilizing growth trend post-pandemic recovery.
 In H1FY25, fintech NBFCs disbursed 53 million loans, far outpacing traditional NBFCs (11 million) and
banks (6 million) in personal loan distribution.
 The report highlights the initial growth spurt in fintech lending due to a low base and post-pandemic
recovery, with growth now entering a normalization phase.

1st phase of Bima Sugam likely to be rolled out mid 2025

 Bima Sugam, an ambitious one-stop digital insurance platform by the Insurance Regulatory and
Development Authority of India (Irdai), is now expected to launch mid-2025 instead of April 2025.
 Proposed in 2022, it has faced delays, missing earlier launch dates in January 2023, June 2024, and
August 2024.
 Designed as the UPI moment for insurance, it aims to democratize insurance by offering a single-
window platform for comparing, purchasing, and managing life, health, and general insurance policies.
 The platform is expected to benefit both consumers and distributors by reducing transaction time and
costs, enabling seamless end-to-end policy management.
 The capital requirement for the project has increased to ₹500 crore, with insurance companies providing
initial funding.
 Despite progress, insurers report a lack of clarity on the timeline and updates, though Prasun Sikdar
was appointed as the first MD & CEO in November 2024 for a three-year term.
 Bima Sugam is part of the Bima Trinity, alongside Bima Vistaar (rural composite product) and Bima
Vahaak (women-centric agents’ force).
Learn Along:
About Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India
Founded: 1999 Headquarters: Hyderabad Chairperson: Debasish Panda

FIU-IND and IRDAI sign MoU for enhanced coordination and information exchange

 FIU-IND and IRDAI signed an MoU in New Delhi to strengthen the implementation of the Prevention of
Money Laundering Act (PMLA) and related rules.
 The MoU was signed by Vivek Aggarwal, Director of FIU-IND, and Satyajit Tripathy, Member
(Distribution), IRDAI.
 According to the MoU, FIU-IND and IRDAI will cooperate with each other in the areas of mutual interest,
including the following:
I. Appointment of a nodal officer and an alternate nodal officer by each party to the MoU.
II. Sharing of relevant intelligence and information, available in their respective databases.
III. Laying down procedure and manner in which the regulated entities/ reporting entities report to
FIU-IND under the PML Rules.
IV. Conducting outreach and training for regulated entities /reporting entities.
V. Upgradation of AML/CFT skills in the regulated entities / reporting entities regulated by IRDAI.
VI. Assessment of Anti-Money Laundering/Combating Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) risks and
vulnerabilities in insurance sector.
VII. Identification of red flag indicators for Suspicious Transaction Reports (STRs) in insurance sector.
VIII. Supervising and monitoring the compliance of regulated entities / reporting
 entities with their obligations under PMLA, PML Rules and IRDAI Guidelines.
IX. Compliance with each other's obligations under the relevant international standards.
X. Conduct of quarterly meeting to discuss the above in addition to typologies/trends in AML/CFT
crimes, cases where sanctions have been imposed etc.

Centre releases ₹1.73 lakh cr. in tax devolution to States

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 The Centre released ₹1.73 lakh crore as tax devolution to states to boost capital expenditure and
welfare activities.
 This devolution, amounting to ₹1,73,030 crore, is nearly double the ₹89,086 crore released in December
2024.
 41% of taxes collected by the Centre are devolved to states in instalments during the fiscal year.
 The move aims to enhance states' financial capacity for developmental projects and welfare initiatives.

Union Minister of Commerce & Industry Piyush Goyal sets $100 billion target of combined product
exports for Food & Beverage, agri and marine industries in next five years

 India aims to achieve $100 billion in exports from the Food & Beverage (F&B), agriculture, and marine
products industries within five years, requiring a combined growth rate of 14-15%, according to Union
Minister Piyush Goyal.
 The Minister praised the 8th edition of Indusfood 2025, organized by APEDA and MPEDA, which
supported India in achieving $50 billion exports last year.
 The Government allows 100% FDI in the F&B sector, including foreign ownership and management,
along with simplified work permits for business setups in India.
 The Government is prioritizing sustainability in farming by promoting organic farming with eased
certification processes, ensuring traceability and quality standards.
 Plans to expand food testing laboratories across the nation were highlighted, encouraging stakeholders
to adopt global standards and innovate with India’s diverse flavors.
 Indian pre-packaged foods, including millets, pickles, and spices, are gaining traction internationally,
showcasing export potential for these products.
 Indusfood, launched in 2017, serves as a premier platform for Indian F&B companies to connect with
global buyers, foster international expansion, and streamline sourcing for international importers.

NABARD and AGRICULTURE

Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI) and NALSAR University Sign MoU to Train Animal Welfare
Representatives, in Hyderabad

 The Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI) signed an MoU with NALSAR University of Law,
Hyderabad to provide professional legal training for Honorary Animal Welfare Representatives
(HAWRs).
 The collaboration aims to equip HAWR applicants with expertise in animal welfare laws, investigative
techniques, and procedures through specialized 3-day training sessions for 25 participants per batch.
 Upon successful training and assessments conducted by NALSAR, participants will receive HAWR
certifications from AWBI, enhancing their capacity to address animal welfare issues.
 Intellectual property rights for training materials remain with NALSAR, while AWBI retains exclusive
usage rights for HAWR programs.
 The AWBI held its 53rd General Meeting in Hyderabad, addressing administrative matters and planning
for Animal Welfare Fortnight (Jan 14-30, 2025) to promote awareness about the role of animals in
ecosystems.
 HAWRs play a crucial role in alleviating animal suffering, combating cruelty, conducting rescue operations,
and fostering public awareness on animal welfare.
 Established under the PCA Act, 1960, AWBI’s mission is to prevent animal cruelty, ensure humane
treatment during transportation and performances, and promote responsible care for animals across India.
 The PCA Act provides a legal framework for safeguarding animals from unnecessary pain or suffering,
while raising public awareness about their welfare.

IIT Madras to collaborate with Union Agriculture Ministry on Project VISTAAR

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 IIT Madras is collaborating with the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer Welfare on Project VISTAAR
(Virtually Integrated System to Access Agricultural Resources) to enhance the agricultural
extension system through digitalization.
 The project integrates start-up innovations to improve efficiencies, productivity, and market access for
farmers in agriculture and allied sectors.
 A comprehensive start-up platform developed by IIT Madras and YNOS Venture Engine includes
information on 12,000 agri-start-ups, enabling farmers to access their services.
 The initiative aims to make agriculture sustainable and climate-resilient by connecting agri-start-up
technologies with farmers through an extension system.
 Digitalization of the extension system will provide timely advisories on crop production, marketing, supply
chain management, and access to government schemes.
 This collaboration seeks to strengthen the agriculture value chain, enhance outreach to farmers, and
improve access to innovative solutions for sustainable growth in agriculture.

Cabinet extends DAP special package, crop insurance to stay

 The Union Cabinet extended the one-time special subsidy on Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) at
₹3,500 per metric tonne starting January 1, 2025, until further orders, to ensure affordability for farmers.
 The subsidy is over and above the Nutrient-Based Subsidy (NBS), with a tentative budgetary
requirement of ₹3,850 crore, despite global market volatility.
 The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) and Restructured Weather Based Crop Insurance
Scheme were extended till 2025-26 with a total allocation of ₹69,515.71 crore to protect farmers from
natural calamities.
 A Fund for Innovation and Technology (FIAT) with ₹824.77 crore was approved to improve insurance
schemes through technology, alongside the Weather Information and Network Data System (WINDS)
for automatic weather stations in 2024-25.
 The Cabinet also approved an MoU with Indonesia for trading up to 1 million metric tonnes of non-
basmati white rice annually, ensuring trade alignment based on production and pricing.
 These decisions aim to provide financial risk coverage, promote technology-driven improvements, and
support farmers with affordable fertilizers and robust insurance schemes.

India’s first organic fish cluster in Sikkim

 Union Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Minister Rajiv Ranjan Singh launched India’s first organic
fisheries cluster in Sikkim's Soreng district, aiming to boost farmer incomes and sustainability in
aquaculture.
 The cluster promotes the production of antibiotic, chemical, and pesticide-free organic fish for eco-
conscious global markets.
 50 key projects worth ₹50 crore were inaugurated under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana
(PMMSY) in the northeastern States, excluding Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram.
 The initiative aligns with Sikkim’s vision of organic, sustainable, and eco-friendly practices across
various sectors.
 The organic fisheries cluster focuses on an ecologically healthy fish farming system, reducing
environmental pollution and protecting aquatic ecosystems.
 These efforts contribute to sustainable fish production practices, supporting long-term environmental
and economic benefits.

Open Market Sale Scheme (Domestic) Policy

 The Open Market Sale Scheme (Domestic) (OMSS(D)) policy for 2024-25 has been revised to enhance
food security and support ethanol production, with reduced reserve prices for FCI rice by ₹550 to
₹2,250 per quintal.

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 OMSS(D) involves periodic sales of surplus wheat and rice from the Food Corporation of India (FCI)
to stabilize prices, reduce inflation, and support welfare schemes.
 Food grains are sold via e-auctions to processors, millers, traders, and states beyond their NFSA
allocation, with specific quantity limits for wheat and rice.
 FCI, a statutory body established in 1964, plays a key role in implementing the National Food Security
Act (NFSA), managing the Public Distribution System (PDS), and ensuring Minimum Support Prices
(MSP) for farmers.
 FCI has introduced reforms like Direct Benefit Transfers (DBT), digital procurement, modernized
storage, and AI-based grain analysis, ensuring transparency and efficiency.
 Significant progress includes reducing storage losses from 0.17% (2013-14) to a net gain of 0.22% (2023-
24) and transit losses from 0.46% to 0.16%.
 The revisions aim to strengthen the agriculture supply chain, promote nutritional security, and align
with the government's ethanol production goals.
Learn Along:
About FCI
Founded: 14 January 1965 Headquarters: New Delhi, India Chairman & MD: Ashutosh Agnihotri

Centre announces hike in MSP for jute by ₹315 a quintal

 CCEA has set the MSP of raw jute for the 2025-26 marketing season at ₹5,650 per quintal, a rise of
₹315 from 2024-25.
 The new MSP ensures a 66.8% return over the average cost of production, benefiting jute growers.
 Since 2014-15, the MSP for raw jute has increased 2.35 times from ₹2,400 to ₹5,650 per quintal.
 Government paid ₹1,300 crore to jute growers for MSP between 2014-15 and 2024-25, compared to ₹441
crore in the previous decade.
 Jute industry supports 40 lakh farm families and provides direct employment to 4 lakh workers; last
year, 1.7 lakh farmers benefited from procurement.
 JCI remains the nodal agency for price support operations for jute.

Sugar prices hit three-year low as govt allows 1 mn tonnes of exports

 Sugar prices hit their lowest in three years, with white sugar futures at $470.20/ton, following India's
approval to export 1 million metric tons for the 2024-25 season.
 The decision, aimed at supporting sugar mills and local prices, was surprising as production is
expected to fall below consumption for the first time in eight years.
 India's sugar production may drop to 27 million tons from 32 million tons last year, below the annual
consumption of 29 million tons.
 Global sugar prices remain under pressure due to India's exports and speculation about Thailand's
potential supply increase.
 China's ban on Thai sugar syrup has affected trade, with inspections required before export negotiations
can resume.
 Raw sugar futures recently fell by 1%, with overall sugar prices experiencing a more than 5% loss this
year.
 India had not allowed exports last season but anticipates a recovery in next season's production.

Agri ministry unveils first-ever edible oil consumption survey

 The Union Agriculture Ministry launched its first survey to study edible oil consumption patterns in
India.
 This initiative supports the implementation of the New Mission on Edible Oils-Oilseeds and addresses
the lack of recent data.
 The survey aims to analyze the consumption patterns and preferences of edible oils to aid in policy-
making.

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NATIONAL
Musi River Heritage Sites

 The Musi River Historic Buildings in Hyderabad have been included in the World Monuments Watch
list by the World Monuments Fund (WMF), highlighting the urgent need for their preservation amid
urbanization and environmental challenges.
 Notable structures include the Telangana High Court, State Central Library, Osmania General
Hospital, and British Residency, showcasing Hyderabad's rich civic and architectural heritage.
 The Musi River, a tributary of the Krishna River, flows through Telangana, historically known as
Muchukunda, and was once a vital water source for Hyderabad, connecting the city’s old and new areas.
 The Telangana government, in collaboration with the Musi Riverfront Development Corporation
Limited (MRDCL), plans to conserve 12 heritage structures and has ongoing projects for sites like the
State Central Library and British Residency.
 The WMF has allocated $2 million for research, education, and conservation planning, emphasizing the
role of these efforts in environmental conservation and community resilience.
 Private firms will be engaged in adaptive reuse of historic sites to boost tourism and community benefits,
while strategies for preservation and advocacy will be developed over the next two years.
 The initiative underscores the importance of safeguarding Hyderabad’s cultural and historical landmarks
for future generations, aligning heritage conservation with sustainable urban development.
Learn Along:
About World Monuments Fund
Headquarters: New York, United States Founded: 1965
About Telangana
Capital : Hyderabad Governor: Jishnu Dev Varma Chief minister: Revanth Reddy

Ministry of Women and Child Development set to celebrate 10th anniversary of Beti Bachao Beti
Padhao scheme

 The Ministry of Women and Child Development is celebrating the 10th anniversary of Beti Bachao
Beti Padhao (BBBP), launched in 2015 to address gender imbalance and promote the education and
empowerment of the girl child.
 The milestone aligns with India's vision of Viksit Bharat 2047 and the global shift from Women’s
Development to Women-Led Development, highlighted during India's G20 Presidency.
 Celebrations will run from January 22 to March 8, 2025, beginning with an event at Vigyan Bhawan,
attended by Union Ministers, women officers, international organizations, and grassroots representatives.
 Key achievements of BBBP include improvements in Sex Ratio at Birth (918 to 930), secondary school
enrolment for girls (75.51% to 78%), and institutional deliveries (61% to 97.3%) over a decade.
 The event will feature the launch of Mission Vatsalya and Mission Shakti portals, along with cultural
programs, rallies, and campaigns under SANKALP: Hub for Empowerment of Women.
 Impactful initiatives like the Kanya Shiksha Pravesh Utsav, Yashaswini Bike Expedition, and
collaboration with media campaigns have supported girl child education and empowerment.
 Nationwide campaigns and plantation drives will amplify the scheme’s message, showcasing India’s
dedication to gender equality and making women active leaders of change.
 BBBP continues to mobilize government agencies, civil society, and communities to ensure a brighter,
inclusive future for girls in India.

National Health Mission (2021-24): A Milestone in Improving India’s Public Health Outcomes

 Union Cabinet reviewed the progress under NHM (2021-24), highlighting improvements in Maternal
Mortality Rate (MMR), Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), and Under-5 Mortality Rate (U5MR).
 NHM significantly boosted human resources, engaging 2.69 lakh workers in 2021-22, increasing to 5.23
lakh in 2023-24, including Community Health Officers (CHOs).

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 NHM played a vital role in administering 220 crore COVID-19 vaccine doses and managing the
pandemic through the ECRP package.
 Key health indicators improved: MMR reduced by 25%, U5MR by 75%, and TFR reached 2.0 (2020),
advancing SDG targets.
 Disease elimination efforts include a decline in TB incidence, control of Malaria and Kala-Azar, and
97.98% vaccination coverage under IMI 5.0.
 Specialized initiatives like TB Mukt Bharat, Dialysis Programme, and Sickle Cell Anemia Mission
enhanced healthcare services.
 Digital health initiatives, like the U-WIN platform, improved vaccination tracking, while health
infrastructure expanded to include 1.72 lakh Ayushman Arogya Mandir centers.
 Emergency services improved with 24x7 PHCs, MMUs, and initiatives like NAPSE addressing snakebite
envenoming.
 NHM has transformed India's healthcare system, advancing accessibility, quality, and SDG-aligned health
outcomes.
Learn Along:
About NHM
 National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) was launched in 2005 to provide accessible, affordable, and quality
healthcare to rural areas, later renamed National Health Mission (NHM) in 2012, incorporating the National Urban
Health Mission (NUHM).
 NHM’s continuation was approved for 2017-2020, later extended by the Ministry of Finance up to 2021 and further
approved for 2021-2026, subject to Expenditure Finance Committee’s (EFC) recommendations.
 Progress reports on NHM, including financial deviations and updates on schemes, must be submitted to the
Cabinet annually for review.
 NHM focuses on improving healthcare access and quality for vulnerable populations up to the District Hospital
level.

India, France to work together on maritime surveillance in IOR

 India and France agreed to enhance coordinated surveillance in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) to
counter maritime security threats.
 Both nations will support each other in maritime security engagements and strengthen existing
cooperation mechanisms.
 Enhanced information exchange will occur between the Information Fusion Centre-Indian Ocean
Region (India), Regional Coordination Operations Centre (Seychelles), and Regional Maritime
Information Fusion Centre (Madagascar).
 A joint assessment will address maritime security threats, including piracy, terrorism, contraband
smuggling, illegal fishing, and marine pollution.
 Focus includes tackling hybrid threats and cybersecurity issues in maritime contexts.
 Coordinated surveillance will target illicit maritime activities and ensure improved regional security.
Learn Along:
About France
Capital: Paris Currency: Euro
U.S. opens consulate in Bengaluru

 The U.S. opened a consulate in Bengaluru, its fifth in India, after Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, and
Mumbai.
 It is temporarily located at the JW Marriott Hotel on Vittal Mallya Road and will take time to start visa
services.
 Consular services will continue to be provided by the U.S. consulate in Chennai and other diplomatic
posts in India.
Learn Along
About USA
Capital: Washington, D.C. Currency: U.S. dollar President: Joe Biden

India-U.S. joint Sonobuoy production line expected to be ready by 2027

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 India and the U.S. have announced a first-of-its-kind partnership for the co-production of sonobuoys,
advanced devices for detecting submarines, with final assembly to take place in India by 2027.
 The project is a collaboration between the U.S. company Ultra Maritime and India’s Bharat Dynamics
Ltd. (BDL), aligning with Make in India principles.
 The sonobuoys, compatible with P-8, MH-60R, and MQ-9B Sea Guardian aircraft, will enhance
Undersea Domain Awareness for the Indian Navy.
 Ultra Maritime and BDL aim to optimize sonobuoy acoustic performance for the Indian Ocean
environment while exploring opportunities for Indian suppliers in the global supply chain.
 The Vishakhapatnam facility is set to host the joint production line, with advanced multi-static active
solutions under the U.S.-India ICET initiative launched in 2022.
 The collaboration builds on India’s growing acquisition of U.S. military platforms and strengthens ties
with Quad members like Australia and Japan.
 India is also exploring ocean-bed sensors for undersea surveillance, with trials underway by Indian start-
ups to complement the sonobuoy initiative.
 These sonobuoys, dropped from aircraft and helicopters, are pivotal for naval exercises like Malabar and
regional defense operations.

Sri Lanka Launches First Hindi Certificate Course via Open and Distance Learning

 Sri Lanka launched its first Certificate Course in Hindi through open and distance learning, in
collaboration with the Open University of Sri Lanka and the Swami Vivekananda Cultural Centre
(SVCC), marking a key milestone in India-Sri Lanka academic cooperation.
 The inauguration coincided with the 50th anniversary of World Hindi Day and the Bharat-Sri Lanka
Hindi Sammelan, showcasing the rising global demand for Hindi and its role as a communication bridge
between the two nations.
 The course aims to make Hindi education accessible nationwide via the university’s study centers,
fostering cultural and linguistic ties between India and Sri Lanka.
 Key dignitaries, including Santosh Jha, High Commissioner of India to Sri Lanka, and Sri Lankan
education leaders, emphasized Hindi’s significance, boosted by Indian music and cinema’s influence.
 Observed on January 10, World Hindi Day celebrates Hindi’s global prominence, with Sri Lanka already
teaching the language in 88 schools and 9 universities, highlighting its growing appeal.
 The initiative strengthens India-Sri Lanka ties, expands educational opportunities, and enhances
cultural exchange, signifying Hindi’s increasing role in global communication and cooperation.
Learn Along:
About Sri Lanka
Capitals: Colombo, Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte Currency: Sri Lankan Rupee

India’s Humanitarian Assistance to Cuba

 India has sent humanitarian aid to Cuba after Hurricane Rafael, reflecting its commitment to Vasudhaiva
Kutumbakam (the world is one family) and global solidarity.
 India-Cuba relations date back to India’s recognition of Cuba’s government after the 1959 Cuban
Revolution, with mutual support in forums like the UN, NAM, and WTO.
 Economic ties include India’s USD 79.04 million exports (pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and textiles) and
Cuba’s tobacco and pharmaceutical exports to India in FY 2022-23.
 India has consistently supported Cuba with disaster relief during hurricanes, life-saving medicines during
COVID-19, and energy projects under the International Solar Alliance (ISA).
 India extended five Lines of Credit worth USD 243 million to Cuba in agriculture, agro-food, and
renewable energy sectors and established an IT Centre in 2010.
 Cultural ties are strong, with Indian figures like Rabindranath Tagore celebrated in Cuba, and Yoga and
Ayurveda gaining popularity through annual events like International Yoga Day.
 Cuba supports India’s bid for a permanent UN Security Council seat, reflecting strong diplomatic
relations and mutual advocacy on international platforms.
Learn Along:

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January 2025

About Cuba
Capital: Havana Currency: Cuban Peso

Indonesian President chief guest on Republic Day

 Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto will be the chief guest at India’s Republic Day Parade,
accompanied by Indonesia’s largest-ever foreign military contingent of 352 members, including marching
troops and cadets.
 The visit on January 25-26, 2025, marks Mr. Prabowo as the fourth Indonesian President to be invited
as Republic Day chief guest, emphasizing India-Indonesia strategic ties.
 A $450-million BrahMos missile deal between the two countries is nearing finalization, potentially
making Indonesia the second export customer for the Indo-Russian supersonic cruise missile system
after the Philippines.
 Indonesia has also shown interest in other Indian defence systems, including Dhruv helicopters and
Akash air defence systems, indicating growing defence collaboration.
 The visit will feature the signing of MoUs in sectors like health, culture, education, maritime security,
and traditional medicine to enhance cooperation between the two nations.
 India and Indonesia share a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, with Indonesia playing a vital role
in India’s Act East Policy and vision for the Indo-Pacific region.
Learn Along:
About Indonesia
Capital: Jakarta Currency: Indonesian rupiah

India-Oman Joint Commission Meeting held

 Union Minister Piyush Goyal visited Oman (27-28 January 2025) and co-chaired the 11th India-Oman
Joint Commission Meeting (JCM) with Minister Qais bin Mohammed Al Yousef, discussing trade,
investment, food security, and renewable energy.
 Both sides agreed to expedite negotiations for the India-Oman Comprehensive Economic
Partnership Agreement (CEPA) to enhance bilateral trade and investments.
 The India-Oman Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA) was amended to simplify tax
procedures and promote cross-border taxation cooperation.
 The visit reinforced India-Oman relations, paving the way for deeper collaboration in trade,
investment, and economic growth.
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About Oman
Capital: Muscat Currency: Omani Rial

India to sign mining pact with Mongolia soon

 India is set to sign a preliminary agreement with Mongolia on geology and exploration, focusing on
copper and coking coal resources.
 Mongolia, rich in copper and coking coal, can support India's rising demand for red metal (power, EVs)
and coking coal (steel-making).
 The Indian Cabinet has approved the MoU, and signing is expected soon, though details remain
confidential.
 India prefers the Vladivostok route via Russia over China for sourcing, despite the longer distance.
 Mongolia offers superior grades of coking coal, making it a strategic partner for India’s resource needs.
Learn Along:
About Mongolia
Capital: Ulaanbaatar Currency: Mongolian Tugrik

India joins UN panel on data for official statistics

 India has joined the UN Committee of Experts on Big Data and Data Science for Official Statistics,
as per the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.

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 The committee focuses on addressing Big Data challenges and supports monitoring Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs).
 India will actively contribute to global standards and practices in utilizing Big Data for official statistics.
 This membership provides India a strategic opportunity to integrate its domestic advancements with
international efforts in data science.
Learn Along:
About UN
Founded: 24 October 1945 Headquarters: New York, United States Secretary‑General: António Guterres

Indore and Udaipur get international recognition as accredited wetland cities

 Indore and Udaipur are the first Indian cities to gain international recognition as Wetland Accredited
Cities under the Ramsar Convention.
 The convention is an intergovernmental treaty promoting the conservation of wetlands, with 172 member
countries globally.
 Bhopal, also nominated, missed accreditation due to ecological concerns about the Bhoj wetland.
 85 Indian wetlands are currently protected under this treaty, promoting their wise use and conservation.
 Globally, 31 new cities, including Indore and Udaipur, were accredited, bringing the total to 74 wetland
cities.
 The scheme recognizes cities for valuing natural and human-made wetlands, fostering urban
development aligned with ecological conservation.
 The Wetland City Accreditation promotes sustainable relationships between cities and wetlands,
ensuring socio-economic benefits for local populations.
Learn Along:
About Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
 The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty that focuses on the conservation and sustainable use of
wetlands.
 Adopted in 1971, it is named after the city of Ramsar, Iran, where the treaty was signed.
 Secretary General: Dr Musonda Mumba Secretariat: Gland, Switzerland

National Critical Mineral Mission

 National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM) has been approved with ₹16,300 crore expenditure and
₹18,000 crore investment by PSUs.
 It Aims to boost mineral exploration, mining, processing, and recycling, ensuring self-reliance under
Atmanirbhar Bharat.
 Fast-track regulatory approvals, financial incentives, and stockpile development for critical minerals.
 Encourages Indian PSUs and private sector to acquire critical mineral assets abroad and trade with
resource-rich nations.
 Mineral processing parks, recycling facilities, and Centre of Excellence for research in critical
minerals to be established.
 Amendments in MMDR Act, 1957 (2023) enabled 24 strategic mineral block auctions, with 195
exploration projects in FY 2024-25.
 Initiatives like S&T PRISM, KABIL’s lithium exploration in Argentina, and customs duty elimination
on critical minerals to boost supply and industry growth.

BIMTECH launches blockchain-based currency BIMCOIN

 BIMTECH has launched 'BIMCOIN', a blockchain-based digital currency designed exclusively for its
ecosystem.
 The platform ensures secure, transparent, and instant transactions among students, vendors, and
administrators.
 BIMCOIN operates on blockchain, providing decentralization, transparency, and smart contract
features unlike traditional payment systems.

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 It enhances security, fraud protection, and ethical financial practices while streamlining transactions
within the institute.
 More than just a payment method, BIMCOIN serves as an educational tool, offering students practical
exposure to blockchain technology and digital currencies.
 BIMTECH aims to equip students with real-world financial system knowledge through hands-on
experience with digital assets.
 The initiative reflects a step toward financial innovation and technological integration in educational
institutions.

Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation, Amit Shah, will launch BHARATPOL portal

 Union Home Minister Amit Shah will launch the BHARATPOL portal, developed by the CBI, on 7th
January 2025 at Bharat Mandapam in Delhi.
 The portal will enable real-time information sharing among Indian law enforcement agencies (LEAs) for
faster access to international police assistance, addressing challenges posed by transnational
crimes like cybercrime, financial fraud, and human trafficking.
 CBI, as the National Central Bureau (NCB-New Delhi) for INTERPOL in India, currently facilitates
international cooperation through letters, emails, and faxes, which the portal aims to streamline.
 BHARATPOL will integrate all stakeholders on a common platform and simplify processing requests for
Red Notices and other INTERPOL notices, boosting efficiency in criminal investigations.
 The portal is expected to transform field-level operations by enhancing the capacity of police officers to
handle international crime and security challenges.

Indian Govt announces $500,000 relief assistance to earthquake-hit Vanuatu

 India announced a USD 500,000 assistance to Vanuatu to support relief and rehabilitation efforts
following the 7.4 magnitude earthquake on December 17.
 The earthquake caused significant destruction and loss of lives near Vanuatu's coast in the South
Pacific Ocean.
 India expressed readiness to provide all possible support to Vanuatu during this time of difficulty,
reaffirming its commitment to humanitarian assistance.
 The assistance aligns with India’s role as a partner in the Forum for India-Pacific Islands Cooperation
(FIPIC) and its focus on disaster risk reduction under the Indo-Pacific Oceans’ Initiative.
 This initiative reflects India’s responsibility as a steadfast responder in the region, contributing to disaster
relief and management efforts.
Learn Along:
About Vanuatu
Capital: Port Vila Currency: Vatu

‘Faral Sakhi’ launched to empower women entrepreneurs

 The Mira Bhayandar Municipal Corporation (MBMC) launched the ‘Faral Sakhi’ initiative in
collaboration with NITI Aayog’s Women Entrepreneurship Platform (WEP) to empower women
entrepreneurs in traditional snack production in Mira Bhayandar, Maharashtra.
 Under the Award to Reward (ATR) initiative, 25 women will receive technical training in business
operations, facilitated by the CEGP Foundation, enabling sustainable growth and contributions to the
local economy.
 The program equips women with skills in finance, market linkages, mentoring, compliance, and legal
assistance, supported by WEP to bridge gaps in resources and promote women-led industries.
 A central kitchen by MBMC facilitates professional snack production, with sales spaces and marketing
support provided by the municipal corporation, achieving success by selling over 3 tons of festive snacks
during Diwali.
 Financial backing from WEP partner Appreciate supports scaling ventures domestically and
internationally, enhancing women’s employment and local economic participation.

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 The initiative aligns with women-led development, creating a thriving ecosystem for women
entrepreneurs and contributing to India’s socio-economic growth while inspiring future generations.

Govt. launches ‘Panchayat Se Parliament 2.0’ for women

 Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla will inaugurate “Panchayat Se Parliament 2.0”, aimed at providing over
500 women representatives from Panchayati Raj institutions insights into the Constitution and
parliamentary procedures.
 The event commemorates the 150th birth anniversary of tribal icon Birsa Munda, highlighting his
legacy and contributions.
 Participants will attend workshops and sessions, along with guided tours of the new Parliament House,
Pradhanmantri Sangrahalaya, and Rashtrapati Bhavan.
 The programme aims to deepen understanding of India’s legislative process and the functioning of
democratic institutions, empowering women leaders at the grassroots level.
 It seeks to strengthen the connection between local governance and national policymaking, fostering
a more inclusive democracy.

PM Narendra Modi Flags Off Namo Bharat RRTS

 Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Namo Bharat corridor, a 13-km stretch between
Sahibabad and New Ashok Nagar, part of the Delhi-Ghaziabad-Meerut Regional Rapid Transit
System (RRTS), at a cost of ₹4,600 crore.
 The corridor connects Sahibabad RRTS station to New Ashok Nagar RRTS station, including key stops
at Anand Vihar and New Ashok Nagar, reducing travel time to under 40 minutes between New Ashok
Nagar and Meerut South.
 It is the first RRTS corridor operational in Delhi, with services on this section starting at 5 pm, expanding
the operational stretch from 42 km to 54 km with 11 stations.
 The Namo Bharat trains have five standard coaches (blue seats) and one premium coach (red seats),
providing both affordability and luxury.
 The Delhi section currently includes New Ashok Nagar, Anand Vihar, and Sahibabad stations, with work
ongoing for the Sarai Kale Khan and Jungpura stations.
 This project is a step toward faster, efficient transit in the NCR region, aligning with India’s
infrastructure modernization goals.

Bhashini-Enabled e-Shram Portal now available in all 22 Scheduled Languages

 Union Minister Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya launched the multilingual functionality of the e-Shram portal,
now available in 22 Scheduled Languages, leveraging the MEITY Bhashini project.
 The e-Shram portal, previously accessible in four languages, supports unorganized workers’ registration
at an average of 30,000 registrations per day, enhancing access to 12 Government schemes.
 The portal aims to become a ‘One-Stop Solution’ for unorganized workers, integrating state and central
social security schemes and welfare programs, including those for BoCW and gig workers.
 Future initiatives include launching an e-Shram mobile app, a Single Common Application Form, and
payment gateway integration for ease of access to benefits.
 The Government plans to engage mediators like CSCs, bank correspondents, post offices, and
volunteers for broader outreach and improved user experience.
 The portal represents a significant step in providing comprehensive social protection and ensuring
seamless welfare access for unorganized workers in India.

Union Minister for Commerce and Industry Piyush Goyal launches National Turmeric Board

 Union Minister Piyush Goyal inaugurated the National Turmeric Board in New Delhi, with Palle Ganga
Reddy appointed as its first Chairperson and headquarters in Nizamabad.

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 The Board includes representatives from various ministries, exporters, and producer bodies, aiming to
support turmeric farmers in 20 states, especially in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, to increase
production and income.
 Special focus will be on research, value addition, and marketing of turmeric products abroad, alongside
promoting its medical properties, enhancing logistics, and ensuring quality standards for exports.
 India cultivated 3.05 lakh hectares of turmeric in 2023-24, producing 10.74 lakh tonnes, contributing to
over 70% of global production and exporting 1.62 lakh tonnes worth $226.5 million USD.
 The Board includes representatives from AYUSH, Pharmaceuticals, Agriculture, and Commerce
Departments, with rotating representation from turmeric-growing states, including Maharashtra,
Telangana, and Meghalaya (Lakadong turmeric).
 The Board will coordinate efforts to boost trade and leverage turmeric's health and wellness potential,
targeting new markets for growth.
 India is the largest producer, consumer, and exporter of turmeric, with a 62% share in global trade
and 30 varieties of turmeric produced.
 The initiative is expected to enhance the turmeric sector, benefiting farmers, improving trade logistics,
and fostering sectoral development through government collaboration.

C-DOT and IIT Mandi signs agreement for “Developing Semiconductor Chip of Wideband Spectrum
Sensor for Dynamic Spectrum Access”

 The Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) has signed an agreement with IIT Mandi and IIT
Jammu to develop a Wideband Spectrum-Sensor ASIC-Chip under the Telecom Technology
Development Fund (TTDF).
 This project aims to enhance spectrum utilization efficiency by developing hardware and algorithms for
detecting and utilizing under-utilized spectrum bands, focusing on rural broadband services.
 It will enable cognitive radio networks to detect spectrum holes for better throughput without interfering
with primary networks, targeting the 6 GHz satellite band.
 The project includes field-programmable gate-array (FPGA) emulation and ASIC chip development
for improved hardware efficiency, short sensing time, and high data throughput.
 It supports the creation of intellectual properties (IPs) for dynamic spectrum access, aligned with the
goals of Atmanirbhar Bharat, Make-in-India, and India-Semiconductor Missions.
 This collaboration aims to foster affordable broadband and mobile services, promoting self-reliance in
next-generation telecom technologies.
Learn Along:
About C-DOT
 C-DOT (Centre for Development of Telematics) is a state-owned research and development organization in India
that focuses on developing telecommunications technology.
 It was established in 1984 with the objective of developing indigenous telecommunications technology and reducing
dependence on foreign technology.
 Founded: 25 August 1984 Headquarters: Delhi, India

INTERNATIONAL
NATO announces new mission to protect undersea cables in Baltic Sea region

 NATO has launched a mission called "Baltic Sentry" to enhance surveillance of the Baltic Sea using
patrol aircraft, warships, and drones after repeated damage to undersea cables.
 NATO chief Mark Rutte emphasized the importance of protecting critical undersea infrastructure,
including cables essential for internet traffic and financial transactions worth $10 trillion daily.
 NATO countries surrounding the Baltic Sea, including Finland, Sweden, Estonia, and Germany, pledged
a robust response to infrastructure threats, including boarding and seizing suspect vessels.
 NATO reiterated its commitment to safeguarding critical infrastructure, ensuring the safety and security
of its members and their assets in the Baltic Sea.
Learn Along:

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About NATO
 The North Atlantic Treaty ,also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental transnational military
alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American.
 Established in the aftermath of World War II, the organization implements the North Atlantic Treaty, signed in
Washington, D.C., on 4 April 1949.
 Formation: 4 April 1949 Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium Secretary General:Mark Rutte

Pakistan, China vow to further deepen ties, renew commitment for CPEC 2.0 development

 Pakistan and China reaffirmed their commitment to deepen their all-weather strategic partnership
during the fourth Pakistan-China Bilateral Political Consultations (BPC) in Beijing.
 Both sides emphasized high-quality development of the second phase of the China Pakistan
Economic Corridor (CPEC).
 Foreign Secretary Amna Baloch and Vice Foreign Minister Sun Weidong led the delegations,
reviewing cooperation across areas like information technology, agriculture, and clean energy.
 The CPEC was acknowledged as pivotal for regional connectivity and common prosperity, with
potential partnerships involving other countries.
 CPEC, a key project of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), links Gwadar Port with Xinjiang and aims
to enhance China’s influence globally through infrastructure investments.
 The cooperation is driven by principles of win-win partnerships and inclusive development benefiting
both nations.
Learn Along:
About Pakistan
Capital: Islamabad Currency: Pakistani rupee
About China
Capital: Beijing Currency: Renminbi

UAE President Sheikh Mohamed declares 2025 as ‘Year of Community’

 UAE President Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan declared 2025 as the "Year of Community",
launching the "Hand in Hand" initiative to promote unity and inclusion.
 The initiative aligns with the UAE leadership’s vision of fostering a cohesive and empowered society,
emphasizing social bonds and shared responsibility.
 A series of events and programs will be launched in 2025, encouraging volunteering, community
service, and cultural inclusivity.
 The initiative highlights the UAE’s commitment to social harmony, making it a model for progress,
prosperity, and multicultural unity.
Learn Along:
About UAE
Capital: Abu Dhabi Currency: United Arab Emirates Dirham President: Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
USAID halts funding to Bangladesh after Trump imposes 90-day hold on all foreign aid

 The USAID suspended funding to the Muhammed Yunus-led interim Bangladesh government
following President Donald Trump's executive order halting all foreign aid for 90 days, excluding Israel
and Egypt.
 The suspension stems from Trump's policy to reevaluate and realign foreign aid with American
interests and values, claiming that foreign aid destabilizes world peace.
 USAID directed partners in Bangladesh to immediately cease all work, including critical programs in
food security, health, democracy, governance, and education.
 The halt affects Bangladesh's largest humanitarian aid portfolio, including support for the Rohingya
refugee crisis, crucial to the country's stability.
 The suspension poses risks to Bangladesh’s economy, which relies on international aid, including a $5
billion request to stabilize foreign reserves and a $4.7 billion IMF bailout.
 The US had previously pledged $954 million between 2021-2026, of which $425 million had already
been disbursed, and $202 million was committed in 2024.

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Learn Along:
About Bangladesh
Capital: Dhaka Currency: Bangladeshi Taka

Eyeing green legacy, Biden declares new national monuments

 Joe Biden is set to designate two new national monuments in California: the 624,000-acre Chuckwalla
National Monument near Joshua Tree and the 224,000-acre Sattitla National Monument near Oregon,
protecting them from drilling, mining, and industrial activities.
 The decision follows lobbying by Native American tribes, emphasizing the land’s spiritual and cultural
significance and safeguarding it for future generations.
 The new designations bring Joe Biden’s total to eight national monuments created and four expanded,
making him the U.S. President who has conserved the most land and water.
Learn Along:
About USA
Capital: Washington, D.C. Currency: US Dollar President: Joe Biden

Hanoi declared world's most polluted city

 Hanoi, Vietnam’s capital, has been engulfed in thick smog, topping the list of the world’s most polluted
cities, with PM2.5 levels reaching 266 micrograms per cubic metre, according to AirVisual.
 The severe air pollution in Hanoi, caused by heavy traffic, trash burning, and industrial activities, has
been worsening, leading to respiratory issues among residents, particularly the elderly.
 The Vietnamese government plans to tackle pollution by promoting electric vehicles (EVs), targeting 50%
of buses and 100% of taxis to be EVs by 2030.
 Vietnam’s rapid economic growth and its status as a regional manufacturing hub contribute to persistent
pollution challenges, necessitating urgent measures for sustainable urban development.
Learn Along:
About Vietnam
Capital: Hanoi Currency: Vietnamese đồng

Pakistan begins its two-year tenure as non-permanent member of UNSC from January 1, 2025

 Pakistan began its two-year tenure as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council (UNSC)
on January 1, 2025, marking its eighth term on the 15-member council.
 Pakistan was elected with a massive majority of 182 votes in the 193-member General Assembly,
significantly surpassing the required two-thirds majority of 124 votes.
 It replaced Japan in the Asian seat and joins newly elected members Denmark, Greece, Panama, and
Somalia, alongside the five permanent members and five non-permanent members elected in 2024.
 Pakistan aims to focus on halting wars, pacific settlement of disputes, and countering terrorism and
conflict escalation, promoting global peace and stability.
 Its previous UNSC terms include 2012-13, 2003-04, 1993-94, 1983-84, and others, reflecting its consistent
engagement in global peace initiatives.
Learn Along:
About UN
Headquarters: New York, United States Founded: 24 October 1945 Secretary‑General: António Guterres
About Pakistan
Capital: Islamabad Currency: Pakistani rupee

Switzerland implements nationwide face-covering ban on new year's day

 Switzerland’s ban on face coverings in public places, known as the "burqa ban", came into effect
following approval via a 2021 referendum with 51.2% of the vote.
 The law targets face veils like the burqa and niqab as well as hooligans and violent demonstrators
concealing their faces in public.

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 The measure affects only a small number of individuals, with the Federal Council estimating minimal
impact on Switzerland's 400,000-strong Muslim population.
 Penalties are included for violations, though the law’s social and economic implications remain
uncertain and will be closely observed.
Learn Along:
About Switzerland
Capital : Bern Currency: Swiss franc

Russia imposes new tourist tax

 Russia introduced a new tourist tax on January 1, 2025, replacing the previous resort fee, to enhance
regional tourism infrastructure.
 Travelers staying in hotels and accommodations will pay an additional 1% of lodging costs, with the
rate set to increase to 3% by 2027.
 The tax is part of amendments to the Russian Tax Code (July 2024) and is implemented as a local levy
by regional authorities, particularly in tourism-focused regions.
 A minimum daily charge of 100 rubles (0.9 USD) ensures a baseline contribution from tourists.
 This phased tax aims to support tourism development in regions with established or emerging tourism
industries.
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About Russia
Capital: Moscow Currency: Russian Ruble

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau steps down after nine years amid party revolt and economic
challenges

 Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced his resignation after more than nine years in office,
citing internal party rebellion and declining approval ratings.
 Justin Trudeau will step down as leader of the Liberal Party within months but will remain prime minister
until a new leader is selected, with elections likely to be held soon.
 He faced challenges like rising inflation, interest rates, and housing affordability, alongside internal
criticism for policy missteps, including those highlighted in former Deputy PM Chrystia Freeland’s
resignation.
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About Canada
Capital: Ottawa Currency: Canadian dollar

Donald Trump sworn in as 47th US president

 Donald Trump has returned as the 47th US President, becoming only the second leader in history to win
re-election after being voted out, following Grover Cleveland in 1893.
 Trump’s agenda includes tariffs, curbs on immigration, deportations, ending birthright citizenship,
and pardons for 2021 Capitol rioters, signaling a shift in US domestic and global policies.
 The return of Trump and his Republican majority in Congress brings concerns over geopolitical
tensions with Greenland, Mexico, Canada, and Ukraine, as well as changes in NATO funding and Middle
East policies.
Learn Along:
About USA
Capital: Washigton D.C. Currency: US Dollar

Donald Trump officially renames ‘Gulf of Mexico’ to ‘Gulf of America’ in controversial executive move

 The Donald Trump administration renamed the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of America and Alaska's
Denali to Mount McKinley as part of efforts to restore "traditional American names."
 The renaming of Denali, originally changed in 1975 to honor Indigenous heritage, reinstates the name of
President William McKinley, credited for economic and territorial expansion.

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 The Gulf of Mexico renaming faces challenges, as it lacks international recognition; Mexico, sharing
the coastline, dismissed the move, citing potential confusion in global maritime operations.

Donald Trump declares end to U.S. citizenship by birth

 Donald Trump signed an Executive Order ending citizenship by birth, impacting Indian professionals
on H-1B and other temporary visas hoping to settle families in the U.S.
 He proposed a 100% tariff on BRICS countries for attempting non-dollar transactions, inaccurately
including Spain in BRICS.
 Indian External Affairs Minister Jaishankar planned to meet U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio to
discuss bilateral priorities and the Quad.
 The Quad Foreign Ministers’ meeting addressed strategic dates for a summit in India and regional
security issues, significant for the Indo-Pacific.

US withdraws from WHO

 US President Donald Trump signed an executive order to withdraw from the World Health Organization
(WHO), citing reasons like mishandling of COVID-19, lack of reforms, political influence, and
disproportionate US financial contributions.
 The withdrawal halts US funding to WHO, which constitutes 22.5% of assessed contributions and 13%
of voluntary contributions, significantly impacting WHO’s financial stability and programmes.
 The decision also severs collaboration between WHO and US CDC, affecting global health surveillance,
guidelines, and pandemic preparedness.
 The funding gap could affect WHO’s support for health programmes in countries like India, including
immunization, tuberculosis, and anti-microbial resistance efforts.
 The move may shift global health leadership to China, India, and other Global South countries, with
India being seen as a key player in filling the vacuum and promoting holistic health initiatives.
 Member states like India and philanthropic organizations like the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
are expected to step up in response to the financial and leadership gaps left by the US.
Learn Along:
About WHO
Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland Founded: 7 April 1948 Director-General: Tedros Adhanom

Nigeria Joins BRICS as Partner State to Boost Investment

 Nigeria has officially joined the BRICS group, which includes Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South
Africa, as part of its recent expansion that also added Egypt, Ethiopia, Indonesia, and UAE.
 The enlarged BRICS aims to challenge the dollar’s dominance in oil and gas trading and act as a
counterweight to the Group of Seven industrialized nations.
 Nigeria’s acceptance reflects its commitment to fostering international collaboration, enhancing trade,
investment, and socio-economic cooperation aligned with its development goals.
 Nigeria, Africa’s most populous nation, faces high inflation and plans to introduce new rules to simplify
its tax system, which currently has one of the lowest tax collection rates globally.
 A recent 15 billion yuan ($2 billion) currency-swap agreement with China aims to boost trade and
investment between the two nations.
 Joining BRICS offers Nigeria a unique platform to leverage economic opportunities, strengthen
partnerships, and enhance its global trade influence.
Learn Along:
About BRICS
Formation: 16 June 2009 Founders: Russia, China, India, Brazil
About Nigeria
Capital: Abuja Currency: Nigerian Naira

India and Spain to celebrate 2026 as ‘dual year’ highlighting culture, tourism, and AI: EAM Jaishankar

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 External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar announced that 2026 will be celebrated as a ‘dual year’
between India and Spain, focusing on culture, tourism, and advancements in artificial intelligence
(AI).
 India and Spain share an annual trade of USD 10 billion, with collaborations in railways, clean
technology, drones, and space exploration, expected to grow further amid global supply chain shifts.
 The ‘dual year’ initiative will be preceded by preparations through 2025, showcasing the deepening
partnership between the countries during Jaishankar’s first official visit to Spain.
Learn Along:
About Spain
Capital: Madrid Currency: Euro

Minister of Textiles Inaugurates India Pavilion at Heimtextil 2025, Frankfurt, Germany

 India showcased its textile industry strength at Heimtextil 2025 in Frankfurt, with the largest country
participation, emphasizing innovation, sustainability, and global partnerships.
 The Minister of Textiles highlighted India’s competitiveness, rising FDI, and success of the ‘Make in
India’ initiative, inviting global investors to ‘Make in India, Make for the World’ and attend Bharat Tex
2025.
 The government supports exporters’ participation in events like Heimtextil to enhance their global
visibility and strengthen their market presence in competitive global markets.
Learn Along:
About Germany
Capital: Berlin Chancellor: Olaf Scholz Currency: Euro

Russia, Iran sign treaty to deepen ties in the face of Western curbs

 Russian President Vladimir Putin and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian signed a comprehensive
strategic partnership treaty covering trade, military cooperation, science, education, and culture.
 The treaty is seen as strengthening ties as both nations face Western sanctions and collaborate on
military and economic projects, including Iran's membership in BRICS and cooperation in nuclear energy.
 Russia and Iran share a history of collaboration, including supporting Syria's Assad regime, although
recent military setbacks and Iran's economic woes underline the need for deeper ties.
 The partnership underscores a shared vision to counter Western influence and reinforce their positions in
West Asia and global politics.
Learn Along:
About Russia
Capital: Moscow Currency: Russian Ruble
About Iran
Capital: Tehran Currency: Iranian rial

China successfully launches Pakistani satellite 'PRSC-EO1' into space

 China successfully launched the Pakistani satellite PRSC-EO1 on a Long March-2D rocket from the
Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, entering its planned orbit at 12:07 p.m. Beijing Time.
 The rocket also carried two other satellites, Tianlu-1 and Lantan-1, marking the 556th flight mission
of the Long March carrier rocket series.
 This continues China's efforts in strengthening its all-weather alliance with Pakistan through space
collaboration.
 In 2022, China launched a multi-mission communication satellite for Pakistan, furthering their space
partnership.
 In 2018, China launched two Pakistani satellites, PRSS-1 (Pakistan’s first optical remote sensing satellite)
and PakTES-1A (a smaller observation satellite).
 The collaboration reflects China’s growing role in advancing Pakistan’s space capabilities, enhancing
their strategic and technological partnership.

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Learn Along:
About pakistan
Capital: Islamabad Currency: Pakistani rupee

Indonesia’s Mount Ibu erupted 1,000 times this month

 Mount Ibu, located on Indonesia’s Halmahera island, has erupted 1,079 times since January 1, with a
major eruption on January 15 sending smoke 4 km into the sky.
 The eruptions, recorded by Indonesia’s Geological Agency, produced ash columns ranging from 0.3 km
to 4 km above the volcano.
Learn Along:
About Indonesia
Capital: Jakarta Currency: Indonesian rupiah

STATES
Uttarakhand adopts Uniform Civil Code

 Uttarakhand became the first Indian state post-Independence to implement the Uniform Civil Code
(UCC), exempting Scheduled Tribes and migrated natives.
 The UCC bans practices like halala, iddat, and talaq and ensures equal property and inheritance rights
for women.
 It mandates online registration of marriages, divorces, and live-in relationships through a dedicated portal
integrating data from over 13 government departments.
 The portal offers Aadhaar-based verification, multilingual AI-based translation into 22 languages, and
allows users to register wills via forms, uploads, or videos.
 Marriages since March 26, 2010, must be registered within six months, while future marriages must be
registered within 60 days.
Learn Along:
About Uttarakhand
Capital: Dehradun Governor: Gurmit Singh Chief minister: Pushkar

Uttarakhand govt.-ITBP pact to offer heli service to tourists

 The Uttarakhand Tourism Development Board signed an MoU with the Northern Frontier of ITBP to
promote tourism in the border areas of the State.
 The MoU enables the use of ITBP helipads to provide chopper facilities for tourists visiting remote
religious destinations.
 The initiative aims to expand heli services as part of efforts to boost tourism in difficult-to-reach areas,
said Chief Secretary Radha Raturi.
 The agreement was signed in the presence of Tourism Secretary Sachin Kurve and Northern Frontier
IGP Sanjay Gunjyal.
 This step is aligned with the State’s strategy to enhance connectivity and attract more tourists to
religious and border destinations.

V.K. Singh sworn in as Governor of Mizoram

 Former Army Chief V.K. Singh was sworn in as the 25th Governor of Mizoram in Aizawl, replacing
Hari Babu Kambhampati, who became the Governor of Odisha.
 The oath was administered by Chief Justice Vijay Bishnoi of the Gauhati High Court at the Raj Bhavan,
in the presence of key dignitaries, including Chief Minister Lalduhoma and former Chief Ministers
Zoramthanga and Lal Thanhawla.
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About Mizoram
Capital: Aizawl Governor : V. K. Singh Chief minister: Lalduhoma

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Chhattisgarh CM launches scheme to provide Rs 10K annual aid to labourers

 Chhattisgarh CM Vishnu Deo Sai launched the 'Deendayal Upadhyay Bhoomiheen Krishi Majdoor
Kalyana Yojana', providing Rs 10,000 annually to over 5.62 lakh landless agricultural laborers,
Baigas, and Gunias.
 An initial amount of Rs 562 crores was released to beneficiaries under this scheme, aimed at improving
their economic welfare.
 The CM also inaugurated the 'Nagar Vikas Ke Sopan' program, laying the foundation for 813 works
worth Rs 155.38 crore and inaugurating 70 projects worth Rs 15.25 crore.
 Under Amrit Mission-2.0, water supply schemes worth Rs 270 crore were initiated in 6 urban bodies,
enhancing infrastructure development.
Learn Along:
About Chhatisgarh
Capital: Raipur Governor: Ramen Deka Chief minister: Vishnu Deo Sai

Chhattisgarh’s Green GDP Initiative

 Chhattisgarh has launched a Green GDP initiative to integrate the ecological contributions of its forests
into economic growth metrics, aiming for sustainable development and environmental preservation.
 Green GDP, unlike traditional GDP, accounts for environmental costs, including resource depletion and
ecological degradation, offering a holistic view of economic and environmental health.
 The initiative focuses on valuing ecosystem services like CO2 absorption, water conservation,
biodiversity, and eco-tourism, vital for local livelihoods and tribal communities.
 Chhattisgarh aims to improve budget planning, support eco-friendly policies, and recognise the
economic value of forest resources, aligning with global Green GDP practices seen in China, Bhutan,
and the EU.
 The state’s 44% forest cover holds cultural and economic significance, promoting sustainable tourism
like jungle safaris while preserving resources for future generations.
 Challenges include the complex valuation of natural resources, data limitations, and the need for
standardised approaches, crucial for effective Green GDP implementation.
 This initiative sets a foundation for a low-carbon economy, fostering green jobs, innovation, and market
growth as global demand for sustainable products rises.

Jharkhand women receive first instalment of ₹2,500

 Jharkhand Chief Minister Hemant Soren transferred ₹1,415.44 crore to the bank accounts of 56.61
lakh women beneficiaries under the ‘Maiyan Samman Yojana’.
 The scheme provides a monthly honorarium to women aged 18 to 50 years, which was increased from
₹1,000 to ₹2,500 as promised by the ruling alliance.
Learn Along:
About Jharkhand Mukhyamantri Maiya Samman Yojana
 The Department of Women, Child Development & Social Security launched the "Jharkhand Mukhyamantri Maiya
Samman Yojana" scheme aims to enhance the financial security and well-being of women across the state by
providing financial assistance of ₹1,000/- per month to women beneficiaries.
 The payments are directly deposited into their bank accounts by the 15th of every month.
About Jharkhand
Capital: Ranchi Chief minister: Hemant Soren Governor: Santosh Gangwar

CM inaugurates India’s first glass bridge over sea in Kanniyakumari

 Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M.K. Stalin inaugurated India’s first glass bridge over the sea in
Kanniyakumari, connecting the Tiruvalluvar Statue and the Vivekananda Rock Memorial, built at a
cost of ₹37 crore.
 The inauguration was part of the silver jubilee celebrations of the Tiruvalluvar Statue, which was
renamed as the “Statue of Wisdom”, marking its 25th anniversary.

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 The 10-metre-wide, 77-metre-long glass bridge allows visitors to walk between the two landmarks,
addressing the challenges posed by rough tides that often disrupted ferry services.
 The Tiruvalluvar Statue, standing 133 feet tall and weighing 7,000 tonnes, symbolizes the 133 chapters
of the Tirukkural and has withstood natural disasters, including the 2004 tsunami.
Learn Along:
About Tamil Nadu
Chief minister: M K Stalin Capital: Chennai Governor: R. N. Ravi

Telangana Government Engages IIT to Study Polavaram Irrigation Project

 The Telangana government has partnered with IIT Hyderabad (IIT-H) to assess the environmental and
community impacts of the Polavaram irrigation project on the Godavari River, highlighting concerns
about ecosystems and cultural sites.
 The Polavaram multipurpose project, located in Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, aims to irrigate 295,000
hectares, stabilize 400,000 hectares, and provide drinking water to 540 villages, benefiting around
285,000 individuals, and generating 960 MW of hydropower.
 IIT-H experts will study the backwaters' impact and submit a comprehensive report within a month,
reflecting the government's focus on informed water management decisions.
 This collaboration emphasizes balancing infrastructure development with environmental preservation
and cultural heritage protection.
Learn Along:
About Telangana
Capital: Hyderabad Governor: Jishnu Dev Varma Chief minister: Revanth Reddy

Telangana govt inks MoUs worth Rs 1.79 trillion investments at Davos

 The TelanganaRising delegation, led by Chief Minister A. Revanth Reddy, signed 20 MoUs worth
₹1.79 lakh crore at the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos, focusing on data centres and pumped
storage facilities.
 The investments are expected to create nearly 50,000 jobs, with significant contributions from companies
like Amazon AWS (₹60,000 crore), Sun Petrochemicals (₹45,500 crore), and Tillman Global Holdings
(₹15,000 crore).
 Infosys, HCL, and Wipro announced expansions in Hyderabad, collectively generating 27,000 jobs,
emphasizing Telangana’s software and tech leadership.
 The state achieved success in cutting-edge sectors like solar cells, rocket manufacturing, aircraft
interiors, UAVs, and defense, including JSW Defence's ₹800 crore UAV plant.
 Telangana plans to position itself as a "China Plus One" alternative, focusing on Data Centres, Green
Energy, Food Processing, Electric Vehicles, and Semiconductors.

Odisha CM inaugurates Adivasi fair, launches scheme to address dropout among tribal students

 Odisha CM Mohan Charan Majhi inaugurated the ‘Adivasi Mela 2025’ and launched the ‘Shahid Madho
Singh Haath Kharcha Yojana’, providing ₹5,000 financial assistance to tribal students in classes 9 and
11 to reduce dropouts.
 An initial transfer of ₹80 crore was made to benefit 1.6 lakh tribal students, with plans to assist 2 lakh
students annually, addressing the economic challenges faced by tribal families.
 The government plans to form development councils for the northern and southern regions of Odisha to
tackle regional imbalances and uplift indigenous communities.
 The ‘Adivasi Mela’ features 20 tribal huts, 147 stalls, and the Birsa Munda Pavilion, showcasing tribal
art, handicrafts, and cultural heritage through exhibitions, a laser show, and a drone display.
Learn Along:
About Odisha
Capital: Bhubaneswar Chief minister: Mohan Charan Majhi Governor: Raghubar Das

Odisha ties up with Singaporean entities for skilling and R&D

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 Odisha signed eight MoUs with Singaporean entities during Singapore President Tharman
Shanmugaratnam's two-day visit to the State.
 The agreements cover IT education, skill development, R&D in sustainable energy, consultancy
services, and the development of a green hydrogen production facility.
 Singapore’s ITE Education Services (ITEES) partnered with Odisha’s Skill Development Department to
enhance the technical education and semiconductor industry.
 Nanyang Technological University will collaborate with GRIDCO Ltd. and IIT Bhubaneswar for R&D in
sustainable energy technologies.
 An MoU between Sembcorp and Odisha Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation will
assess the feasibility of an industrial park in Odisha.

Odisha becomes the 34th state to implement Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana
scheme

 Odisha has joined the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY) under the
Mohan Charan Majhi-led BJP government.
 An MoU was signed between the National Health Authority and Odisha’s Health Department, marking
the State’s inclusion in the scheme, overseen by Union Health Minister Jagat Prakash Nadda.
 The BJD government had avoided adopting the scheme, citing its own Biju Swasthya Kalyan Yojana
(BSKY), later replaced by the Gopabandhu Jan Arogya Yojana (GJAY), as offering broader coverage.
 Under the agreement, AB PM-JAY will converge with GJAY to provide ₹5 lakh health coverage per
family per annum, with an additional ₹5 lakh for women members.
Learn Along:
About Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana
 Ayushman Bharat, a flagship scheme of Government of India, was launched as recommended by the National
Health Policy 2017, to achieve the vision of Universal Health Coverage (UHC).
 This initiative has been designed to meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and its underlining
commitment, which is to "leave no one behind."
 Ayushman Bharat adopts a continuum of care approach, comprising of two inter-related components, which are – 1)
Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) 2) Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY)
Key Features of PM-JAY
 PM-JAY is the world’s largest health insurance/ assurance scheme fully financed by the government.
 It provides a cover of Rs. 5 lakhs per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization across public and
private empanelled hospitals in India.
 Over 12 crore poor and vulnerable entitled families (approximately 55 crore beneficiaries) are eligible for these
benefits.
 PM-JAY provides cashless access to health care services for the beneficiary at the point of service, that is, the
hospital.
 PM-JAY envisions to help mitigate catastrophic expenditure on medical treatment which pushes nearly 6 crore
Indians into poverty each year.
 It covers up to 3 days of pre-hospitalization and 15 days post-hospitalization expenses such as diagnostics and
medicines.
 There is no restriction on the family size, age or gender.
 All pre–existing conditions are covered from day one.
 Benefits of the scheme are portable across the country i.e. a beneficiary can visit any empanelled public or private
hospital in India to avail cashless treatment.
 Services include approximately 1,929 procedures covering all the costs related to treatment, including but not limited
to drugs, supplies, diagnostic services, physician's fees, room charges, surgeon charges, OT and ICU charges etc.
 Public hospitals are reimbursed for the healthcare services at par with the private hospitals.

Madhya Pradesh Enforces Liquor Ban in Religious Towns

 Madhya Pradesh has banned liquor sales in 17 religious towns, including Ujjain, Orchha, and
Maheshwar, aligning with the 300th birth anniversary of Devi Ahilyabai Holkar to address concerns
about alcohol consumption in holy areas.

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 Alcohol sales contribute 15% of the state’s revenue, with the excise department earning ₹13,590 crore
in 2023, making prohibition financially challenging as it impacts funding for welfare and infrastructure.
 Traditional brewing practices, especially among tribal communities, view prohibition as a threat to their
cultural identity and livelihood, creating resistance to blanket bans.
 Effective alcohol policy requires dialogue with stakeholders, including communities and health experts,
along with a focus on education and rehabilitation for long-term solutions.
Learn Along:
About Madhya Pradesh
Capital: Bhopal Governor: Mangubhai C. Patel Chief minister: Mohan Yadav

Madhya Pradesh Launches PARTH Yojana Initiative

 The PARTH Yojana in Madhya Pradesh, launched by Chief Minister Mohan Yadav, aims to prepare
youth for careers in defence, police, and paramilitary forces by enhancing their physical and mental
readiness.
 PARTH stands for Police Army Recruitment Training and Hunar, offering targeted training, skill
development, and employability enhancement to reduce unemployment.
 The scheme includes physical fitness training, coaching for written exams in general knowledge,
mathematics, and English, and personality development sessions to build soft skills like communication
and leadership.
 Training centres will be established at divisional levels, overseen by district sports and youth welfare
officers, with support from rural youth coordinators and departmental staff.
 The initiative seeks to instil patriotism, channel youth enthusiasm into productive careers, and increase
the number of employable candidates for recruitment in security services.

Gujarat to host 1st Olympic Research Conference

 The Indian Olympic Association (IOA), along with experts, will meet in Gujarat for the 1st International
Olympic Research Conference (January 27-30) to discuss strategies for sustainable sports
infrastructure and financing models for India's bid to host the 2036 Olympics.
 Held at Rashtriya Raksha University (RRU), the conference will focus on avoiding public debt by
exploring innovative economic models for hosting Olympics, as past host nations have faced significant
financial burdens.
 Discussions will address sustainable sports infrastructure to ensure that large venues remain
economically viable and avoid becoming costly, underutilized "white elephants" after the event.
 The event will feature sessions on topics like “2036 Vision: Pathway to become an Olympic Host”,
“Global Best Practices in Olympic City Selection”, and “Greening the Games”, promoting
sustainability and inclusivity.
 Organized in collaboration with the Union Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, the event aims to
integrate sustainability and gender equity into India's Olympic hosting strategies.
Learn Along:
About Gujarat
Capital: Gandhinagar Chief minister: Bhupendra Patel Governor: Acharya Devvrat

Tripura becomes first North East State to sign MoU with Bhashini for Multi-lingual Governance

 Tripura signed an MoU with Digital India Bhashini Division (DIBD), MeitY, to promote regional
languages in governance and digital participation.
 The agreement was signed during the ‘Bhashini Rajyam’ workshop in Agartala, highlighting AI and
NLP-powered real-time translation, speech-to-text, and text-to-speech features.
 Bhashini aims to bridge the digital and literacy divide, ensuring internet accessibility and
multilingual governance in 22 Indian languages.
 It will integrate with CM Helpline, eVidhan, Kisan Sahayata App, and e-Districts to enhance local
governance and education.

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 Tripura is the first northeastern state and eighth in India to adopt Bhashini, emphasizing digital
inclusivity and citizen-centric governance.
 The initiative will support CCTNS for FIR translations, voice-based data entry, and multilingual
communication in rural and tribal areas.
 Bhashini’s integration will strengthen Tripura’s e-Governance, reduce the digital divide, and empower
linguistic communities.
 This MoU reinforces Tripura’s commitment to leveraging technology for inclusive governance and
multilingual accessibility.
Learn Along:
About Tripura
Capital: Agartala Chief minister: Manik Saha Governor: N. Indrasena Reddy

Himachal Pradesh launches pilot project for cannabis farming to capitalise its medicinal and
industrial value

 Himachal Pradesh government, led by CM Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu, approved a pilot project for
cannabis cultivation on January 24, 2025, recognizing its agricultural, medicinal, and industrial
value.
 Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Agriculture University and Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture will
conduct a study to assess the feasibility of cannabis cultivation, with the state agriculture department
as the nodal agency.
 Himachal Pradesh joins Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, and
Manipur in granting controlled permission for cannabis cultivation for medical and industrial
purposes.
 Cannabis cultivation was banned under the NDPS Act, 1985, but illegal farming continues in many
districts despite its traditional role in rural livelihoods.
 NBRI identifies cannabis as a "trillion-dollar crop", widely used for fiber, seeds, biomass, and over
25,000 products in countries like Canada, the U.S., Japan, France, and China.
Learn Along:
About Himachal Pradesh
Capitals: Shimla (Summer), Dharamshala (Winter) Chief minister: Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu
Governor: Shiv Pratap Shukla

Infosys joins hands with AP govt for skill census of 35 mn

 Andhra Pradesh government has partnered with Infosys for a pioneering skill census initiative covering
35 million working-age people (15-59 years) across 1.8 crore households.
 The census aims to identify existing skill sets and industry requirements, with Infosys leveraging
generative AI to record and pre-certify participants' skills.
 This project, supported under Infosys' corporate social responsibility, will enhance employment
opportunities by aligning youth training with market demands.
 Infosys signed an MoU with APSDC, committing to a digital platform for continuous learning and skill
development.
 The initiative will provide free online courses, workshops, and access to curated learning pathways via
Infosys' Springboard platform.
 Infosys aims to create 2 million jobs in Andhra Pradesh over five years and support the state's digital
skill assessment framework.
Learn Along:
About Andhra Pradesh
Capital: Amaravati Chief minister: N. Chandrababu Naidu Governor: Syed Abdul Nazeer

PM to open Z-Morh tunnel, a key part of Kashmir-Ladakh corridor

 Z-Morh tunnel, in Ganderbal district, will ensure all-year connectivity between Kashmir and Ladakh, set
to be inaugurated by PM Modi on January 13.

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 It keeps Sonamarg open for winter tourism, bypassing avalanche-prone roads and featuring an intelligent
traffic management system for vehicle flow.
 The 6.5-km, ₹2,680-crore tunnel is part of a strategic route to Ladakh and features advanced safety and
ventilation structures.
 The Zojila tunnel, nearby, will be Asia’s longest tunnel (13.14 km), cutting travel time between
Ganderbal and Kargil from three hours to 20 minutes.

U.P. CM inaugurates ‘Maa Ki Rasoi’ offering meal for ₹9

 Uttar Pradesh CM Yogi Adityanath inaugurated ‘Maa Ki Rasoi’, a community kitchen providing a full
meal for ₹9 in Prayagraj.
 Operated by Nandi Sewa Sansthan at Swaroop Rani Nehru Hospital, it targets people from
economically weaker sections.
 The meal includes dal, four rotis, vegetables, rice, salad, and a dessert, ensuring affordability and
quality.
 Launched specifically for the Mahakumbh, the initiative emphasizes food hygiene and service quality.
 The inauguration event was attended by several Ministers, Home Department Principal Secretary
Sanjay Prasad, and Jagadguru Mahamandaleshwar Santosh Das.
Learn Along:
About Uttar Pradesh
Chief minister: Yogi Adityanath Capital: Lucknow Governor: Anandiben Patel

UP govt, Google Cloud launch AI-powered agri network

 The UP government has partnered with Google Cloud (India) to launch the Gemini-powered and
Beacon-enabled Uttar Pradesh Open Network for Agriculture, aimed at modernizing the state's
agriculture.
 Signed by Chief Secretary Manoj Kumar Singh and Google Cloud VP Anil Bhansali, the initiative
emphasizes digital empowerment and good governance in agriculture.
 Farmers will benefit from real-time data on microclimates, market prices, and one-stop access to
advisory services, credit, mechanization, and market connectivity to sell their produce.
 Integration of weather stations across tehsils will ensure farmers receive timely and precise data for
better decision-making.
 The open and decentralized network enables participation from service providers, including input
suppliers, financial institutions, and government agencies, fostering entrepreneurship.
 The initiative aligns with the state's vision of doubling farmers' income, providing modern tools and
resources for 21st-century agriculture.
 Entrepreneurs will have opportunities to develop customized solutions for farmers, enhancing the
agricultural ecosystem.

U.P. temple gets FCRA nod without request

 The Union Home Ministry granted FCRA registration to the Banke Bihari Temple in Vrindavan,
enabling foreign donations for religious activities.
 The temple is managed by a hereditary community of Sevayat Goswami priests, Saraswat Brahmins,
and descendants of Swami Haridas, who built it over 550 years ago.
 The temple has ₹480 crore in funds, along with gold and other valuables, and receives contributions from
devotees through direct donations, cheques/digital payments, and donation boxes.
 FCRA registration is mandatory for NGOs and associations to receive foreign funds, raising questions
about who applied for the licence.

Devendra Fadnavis launches ‘Nasha Mukta Navi Mumbai’ drive

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 Maharashtra CM Devendra Fadnavis launched the ‘Nasha Mukta Navi Mumbai’ campaign to make
Navi Mumbai drug-free.
 He called drug abuse an “invisible enemy” targeting youth and hampering India’s progress.
 Emphasized the need for collective societal action to combat drug abuse effectively.
 Highlighted that tackling this issue requires active involvement of every citizen rather than conventional
methods.
Learn Along:
About Maharashtra
Chief minister: Devendra Fadnavis Governor: C. P. Radhakrishnan Capital: Mumbai

Maharashtra AI Policy Initiative

 The Maharashtra government has formed a 16-member committee to draft its first Artificial Intelligence
(AI) Policy, aiming to become the first Indian state with a dedicated AI framework.
 The policy will align with the India AI Mission, focusing on accelerating industrial growth and achieving
the state’s goal of a $1 trillion GDP.
 The India AI Mission, launched in March 2024, includes initiatives like the IndiaAI Datasets Platform,
an Innovation Centre, and funding for AI startups to strengthen national AI capabilities.
 A Cyber Security Policy Task Force has also been established to protect the state’s IT infrastructure
and ensure secure digital services for citizens.
 AI is expected to boost Maharashtra’s digital economy, valued at ₹6 lakh crore, with applications in
sectors like healthcare, agriculture, and manufacturing.
 The policy addresses challenges such as a lack of skilled talent, infrastructure gaps, and privacy
concerns, with plans to enhance educational programs and promote public-private partnerships.
 This initiative supports India’s global "AI for All" strategy, positioning Maharashtra as a hub for AI
innovation and economic growth.

Forest Department launches ‘Garudakshi’ online FIR system to curb wildlife crimes

 Karnataka's forest department launched Garudakshi, an online FIR system for wildlife and forest-
related cases, on a pilot basis in Bengaluru Urban, Bhadravathi, Sirsi, and Male Mahadeshwara
Wildlife Sanctuary divisions.
 The system, modeled on the police online FIR system, aims to improve tracking and management of
cases and will be rolled out statewide in phases based on feedback.
 Developed by the forest department and Wildlife Trust of India, the portal will ensure better
enforcement by aiding in registering FIRs, tracking cases, and ensuring accountability.
 The platform replaces handwritten FIRs, which previously hindered the government's ability to monitor
cases and chargesheets effectively.
 The use of Garudakshi will be made compulsory after full implementation, ensuring a more systematic
approach to addressing increasing wildlife and forest cases.
Learn Along:
About Karnataka
Capital: Bengaluru Chief minister: Siddaramaiah Governor: Thawar Chand Gehlot

REPORTS AND INDEXES

India's ranking drops to 85th in Henley Passport Index, Singapore tops global list

 According to the Henley Passport Index 2025, India's passport rank dropped from 80th in 2024 to 85th
in 2025, allowing visa-free travel to 57 countries.
 Singapore retained the title of the world's most powerful passport, while the United States slipped
from 7th to 9th rank.
 Afghanistan's passport remains the weakest globally, ranked 106th, followed by Syria (105th) and Iraq
(104th).

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January 2025

 Pakistan holds the fourth-worst passport ranking at 103rd, tied with Yemen, allowing visa-free travel to
33 countries.
 The Henley Passport Index, published by Henley and Partners, ranks passports based on visa-free
access data from the International Air Transport Association (IATA).
 The index covers 199 countries' passports and 227 travel destinations, updated monthly.
 India shares its 85th rank with Equatorial Guinea and Niger, reflecting its relatively limited visa-free
access globally.
 The index highlights global disparities in passport strength and mobility, influencing travel freedoms and
opportunities.
Citizens Can Travel Visa-Free
Rank Country Name
to Countries
1 Singapore 195
2 Japan 193
France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Finland, South
3 192
Korea
Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Luxembourg,
4 191
Netherlands, Sweden, Norway
Belgium, New Zealand, Portugal, Switzerland,
5 190
United Kingdom
6 Greece, Australia 189
7 Canada, Poland, Malta 188
8 Hungary, Czechia 187
9 Estonia, United States 186
Lithuania, Latvia, Slovenia, United Arab
10 185
Emirates

India´s billionaire promoters´ club tops 200 members

 The number of billionaire promoters in India reached a record 201 in 2024, up from 157 in 2023 and
126 in 2022, marking significant growth in wealth concentration.
 Their combined wealth surpassed $1 trillion for the first time, reaching $1,023.9 billion in December
2024, a 21.1% increase from $845.5 billion in 2023.
 The BSE-listed companies' market cap rose 18.9% to $5,200 billion in December 2024, compared to
$4,374 billion in 2023, while the BSE Sensex grew only 6% in dollar terms.
 The top 2 promoters, Mukesh Ambani (RIL) and Gautam Adani (Adani Enterprises), had a combined
net worth of over $206 billion, exceeding the wealth of the next 8 promoters combined.
 Shiv Nadar (HCL Tech) saw a 28.1% rise in wealth to $37.3 billion, while Dilip Shanghvi (Sun Pharma)
and Sajjan Jindal (JSW Steel) reported increases of 43.8% and 32.6%, respectively.
 Some promoters, like Radhakishan Damani (Avenue Supermarts), experienced a decline in net worth,
down 14.4% to $20.4 billion.
 This data reflects growing wealth inequality and highlights the dominance of billionaire promoters in
India’s economic landscape.

The latest Sample Registration System special bulletin on maternal mortality in India (2018-20),
brought out by the Registrar-General of India

 Kerala’s Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR), previously the lowest in India at 19 per lakh live births, is
now rising due to a sharp decline in childbirths, not an actual increase in maternal deaths.
 Kerala’s live births dropped to 3.93 lakh from a previous average of 5-5.5 lakh annually, with the current
estimate at 3.4-3.9 lakh births.

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 The decline is part of a long-term demographic transition, with Kerala’s Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
reducing to 1.46 in 2021, below the replacement level of 2.1 since 1991.
 Challenges include the higher age of marriage, delayed childbearing, and increasing pregnancy-
related morbidities among older mothers.
 The State’s population structure is shifting, with a growing elderly population expected to surpass
children, creating social and economic pressures in the next decade.
 Migration trends, with many in the reproductive age group moving abroad for education or jobs,
contribute to the falling fertility rates and declining workforce.
 Kerala’s MMR, estimated at 29-32 currently, is unlikely to meet the target of 20 by 2030, despite
significant progress in tackling medical causes of maternal mortality.
 The State’s Vital Statistics Reports (VSR) post-2021 remain unpublished, raising concerns about
accurate birth registration and demographic data availability.
 Fertility among the current cohort of women aged 15-49 has reduced further, reflecting both voluntary
and natural factors, and the number of women in this group is also dwindling.
 Experts predict that the falling birth rate and its long-term implications will become starkly evident in the
next two decades.

India’s Progress Towards Climate Resilience: 4th Biennial Update Report

 India has pledged to achieve net-zero emissions by 2070 under the Paris Agreement, submitting
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and demonstrating a 7.93% reduction in GHG
emissions in 2020 compared to 2019.
 India’s 4th Biennial Update Report (BUR-4) highlights emissions of 2,959 million tonnes of CO2e, with
significant sequestration from Land Use and Forestry, reducing net emissions by 22%.
 India’s Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS) includes key transitions in energy,
urban planning, industrial efficiency, and carbon removal, supporting the target of 500 GW of clean
energy by 2030.
 Initiatives like afforestation programs, including the “Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam” campaign and Green
Credit Program, aim to enhance green cover and mitigate forest fragmentation.
 Urban adaptation measures include integrating low-carbon development in policies such as Smart
Cities Mission, AMRUT, and Swachh Bharat Mission.
 Air quality improvement efforts involve the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), fuel standards like
BS VI, and initiatives like FAME-II for electric vehicle adoption.
 Coastal resilience programs include MISHTI for mangrove restoration, supported by ₹12.55 crore for
states like Gujarat and West Bengal, and Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) notifications for ecosystem
protection.
 The Miyawaki afforestation technique, used at Mahakumbh 2025, combines spiritual practices with
environmental conservation, creating dense forests for clean air.
 India, with 4% of historical global GHG emissions, is pursuing low-carbon development while
addressing climate vulnerabilities and supporting inclusive growth.
 These efforts reflect a balance between sustainable development and environmental responsibility,
paving the way for a climate-resilient future.

Future of Jobs Report 2025

 The Future of Jobs Report 2025 by the World Economic Forum (WEF) predicts 170 million new jobs
by 2030, offset by 92 million displaced jobs, leading to a net gain of 78 million jobs globally.
 Farm workers, drivers, and care roles will see the highest job growth, while roles like cashiers,
administrative assistants, and graphic designers will decline due to AI and automation.
 Technological advancements, demographic shifts, and economic pressures are driving 22% job
disruption by 2030, reshaping industries worldwide.
 Skills in AI, big data, and cybersecurity will grow in demand, while human-centric skills like resilience,
creativity, and agility remain critical.

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 Nearly 40% of required job skills will change, with 63% of employers identifying skill gaps as a barrier
to business transformation.
 Generative AI and automation are transforming industries, with 77% of employers planning to upskill
workers and 41% considering workforce reduction.
 Essential sectors like education, care, and renewable energy will experience significant growth, with
specialist roles in AI, robotics, and environmental engineering seeing high demand.

Household Consumption Expenditure Survey: 2023-24

 Assam (53.2%) had the highest MPCE on food, followed by Bihar (52.5%), West Bengal (51.5%), and
Meghalaya (50.3%) from August 2023 to July 2024, as per the NSO Household Consumption
Expenditure Survey.
 Beverages and processed food had the highest expenditure share among food items, particularly in
Arunachal Pradesh (15.8%), Assam (12.8%), Bihar (10.46%), and West Bengal (10.3%).
 Kerala and Delhi (40.32%) recorded the lowest food expenditure share, followed by Punjab (42.43%)
and Maharashtra (42.74%).
 The highest MPCE share on cereals was in Jharkhand (7.9%), followed by Odisha (7.5%), Bihar
(6.59%), and West Bengal (6.46%).
 In urban areas, cereal consumption was highest in Manipur (6.7%), followed by Jharkhand (5.84%)
and Bihar (5.76%).
 Bihar (48.8%) had the highest food expenditure in rural areas, followed by Goa (47.9%), Assam
(47.4%), and Sikkim (46.3%).
 At the national level, MPCE on food increased to 47.04% in rural areas and 39.7% in urban areas in
2023-24, compared to 46.4% and 39.2% in 2022-23.
 Experts believe this rise is within the margin of statistical error and may represent a temporary
fluctuation rather than a trend reversal.
 NSO conducted two back-to-back surveys to validate methodological changes, and findings remained
consistent with minor variations.
 MPCE in rural areas increased by 9.2% to ₹4,122, while urban MPCE rose by 8.3% to ₹6,996,
excluding free provisions provided to households.
Annual Survey of Unincorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE) Results for 2023-24
 ASUSE 2023-24 results were released by MoSPI on 24th December 2024, highlighting trends in the
unincorporated non-agricultural sector for the period October 2023 – September 2024.
 Total establishments grew by 12.84%, reaching 7.34 crore in 2023-24, with the "Other Services"
sector growing by 23.55% and manufacturing by 13%.
 Gross Value Added (GVA) increased by 16.52%, driven by 26.17% growth in the "Other Services"
sector, with Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Gujarat leading in GVA.
 Employment in the sector crossed 12 crore, marking an increase of over 1 crore workers, with Uttar
Pradesh, Maharashtra, and West Bengal employing over one-third of the workforce.
 Female workforce participation rose from 25.63% to 28.12%, and 58% of manufacturing
establishments were led by female proprietors.
 Retail trade, manufacturing of wearing apparel, and community/social services accounted for the
highest share of establishments and workforce.
 Registered establishments increased slightly from 36.80% to 37.20%, indicating a growing trend of
formalization in the sector.
 Internet usage for entrepreneurial activities rose to 26.70%, with 35% of trading establishments
using the internet, showing a shift towards digital adoption.
 Average fixed assets per establishment increased from ₹3,18,144 to ₹3,24,075, indicating higher
capital investment, while outstanding loans per establishment grew from ₹50,138 to ₹53,710,
reflecting improved loan availability.
 The survey covered rural and urban areas across India, using a multi-stage stratified sampling
method, collecting data from 4,98,024 establishments through Computer Assisted Personal
Interviewing (CAPI).

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 The results highlight robust growth in employment, digital adoption, and capital investment,
strengthening the role of the unincorporated sector in India's economy.

Global Firepower Index 2025

 India ranks 4th globally in military power, following the USA, Russia, and China, according to the Global
Firepower Index 2025, with no change from the 2024 rankings.
 The index evaluates 145 countries based on over 60 parameters, including manpower, resources,
finance, and geography, excluding nuclear capabilities.
 India’s score is 0.1184, while the top-ranked USA scored 0.0744; a score of 0.0000 denotes ideal
strength, unattainable by any country.
 India leads globally in population reaching military age annually and ranks second in available
manpower, vehicles, and roadways but lags in oil, natural gas, coal consumption, and external
borders and debts.
 India ranks 145th in helicopter carrier strength and mine warfare capability, reflecting weaknesses in
specific areas of sea-based military strength.
 Pakistan dropped from 9th in 2024 to 12th in 2025, and Bhutan was ranked last at 145th.
 The Global Firepower Index, released annually since 2006 by Globalfirepower.com, provides a
comparative analysis of conventional military capabilities.
 Top 10 countries include USA, Russia, China, India, followed by South Korea, UK, France, Japan,
Turkey, and Italy.

State of India’s Digital Economy Report 2024

 India is the third-largest digitalized economy globally and ranks 12th among G20 nations in individual
digital adoption, as per the State of India’s Digital Economy Report 2024.
 The digital economy is growing twice as fast as the overall economy, projected to contribute 20% of
GDP by 2029-30, surpassing agriculture and manufacturing.
 In 2022-23, the digital economy contributed 11.74% of GDP (INR 31.64 lakh crore/USD 402 billion)
and employed 14.67 million workers (2.55% of the workforce), with productivity nearly five times
higher than the rest of the economy.
 Key drivers include the rise of AI, cloud services, and Global Capability Centers (GCCs), with India
hosting 55% of the world’s GCCs.
 BFSI sector sees 95% digital banking transactions, while retail, education, hospitality, and logistics
are rapidly adopting AI, hybrid models, and digital tools.
 Retail is shifting to omni-channel models, while hospitality and logistics embrace AI and the
metaverse, but small firms lag in digital adoption.
 Digital platforms are growing at 30% annually, significantly outpacing traditional sectors, with 58.07%
of digital jobs in enabling industries like ICT and electronic manufacturing.
 Women’s workforce participation is rising due to digital platforms, helping overcome mobility and
safety barriers in employment.
 The digital economy will be a key driver of economic growth and employment, transforming
industries and shaping India’s future workforce.
 Investments in digitalization and innovation will continue to accelerate India’s transition into a leading
global digital economy by 2030.

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Estimation and Measurement of India’s Digital Economy

 India’s digital economy is estimated at 11.74% of national income in 2022-23, equivalent to ₹31.64 lakh
crore (~USD 402 billion), with projections suggesting it may contribute nearly 20% of national income
by 2030.
 The Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY) released the report ‘Estimation and Measurement of India’s
Digital Economy’, making India the first developing country to adopt the OECD framework for measuring
its digital economy.
 Digital-enabling industries, including ICT and electronic manufacturing, contribute 7.83% of GVA, while
new digital industries like Big Tech and digital platforms contribute 2%, and traditional sectors like BFSI,
trade, and education add another 2%.
 The report highlights the diffusion of digitalization beyond ICT into brick-and-mortar sectors, reflecting
the integrated nature of digital technologies across the economy.
 India’s digital economy accounted for 14.67 million workers (2.55% of the workforce) in 2022-23 and is
projected to grow nearly twice as fast as the overall economy.
 The report provides alternate estimates using the ADB’s input-output approach and identifies data
gaps in sectors like smaller platforms, informal industries, and traditional sectors such as health and
logistics.

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 Insights from the report will aid policy decisions, targeted interventions, and investments to support
digital growth, while enabling businesses to make strategic, innovation-driven decisions to boost
competitiveness.
 This first-of-its-kind report emphasizes the critical role of the digital economy in driving economic growth,
employment, and sustainable development in India.

UNICEF Report on Climate-Related School Disruptions

 The UNICEF report "Learning Interrupted" highlights that 242 million students globally faced education
disruptions in 2024 due to climate-related events, with data spanning 85 countries and identifying 119
distinct climate hazards.
 School disruptions include closures, timetable changes, early vacations, delayed reopenings, and
destruction of educational facilities caused by climate events.
 Heatwaves were the leading cause, impacting 171 million students, with 118 million affected in April
alone, particularly in Bangladesh, Cambodia, and the Philippines.
 Tropical cyclones, storms, floods, and droughts also caused widespread disruptions, with Southern
Africa experiencing its worst drought in a century due to El Niño conditions.
 South Asia was the worst affected region, with 127 million students impacted, including 54 million in
India. East Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East also saw significant impacts.
 The report highlights that one billion children live in countries at extremely high risk from climate crises,
stressing the urgent need for measures to protect education from climate impacts.

Digital economy to constitute fifth of Indian GDP by 2030: ICRIER report

 India's digital economy is projected to grow twice as fast as the overall economy, reaching 13.42% of
national income by 2024–25, up from 11.74% in 2022–23.
 By 2030, the digital economy is expected to contribute nearly 20% of GDP, according to an ICRIER report
based on a study by the Ministry of Electronics and IT.
 This is the first government effort to quantify the digital economy, using definitions from OECD, ADB,
and a broader approach including digitally-enabled traditional industries like trade, BFSI, and
education.
 In 2022–23, the digital economy contributed ₹28.94 lakh crore (~$368 billion) in GVA and ₹31.64 lakh
crore (~$402 billion) in GDP.
 The traditional ICT sector remains the largest contributor within this framework.
 This wider measurement highlights the significant role of digitisation in traditional industries in boosting
the economy.

India Becomes Second Most Targeted Nation For Cyberattacks In 2024: Report
 India ranked second globally for cyberattacks in 2024, with 95 entities targeted, as per CloudSEK's
Threat Landscape Report 2024, emphasizing vulnerabilities due to rapid digitization.
 The financial and banking sectors were the most impacted, with 20 breaches, followed by government
(13), telecommunications (12), healthcare and pharma (10), and education (9).
 Major breaches included the exposure of 850 million Indian citizen records, customer data from Star
Health Insurance, and 2TB of data from Telecommunications Consultants India Limited.
 Ransomware attacks totaled 108 incidents, with Lockbit being the most active group, responsible for
over 20 attacks, followed by Killsec and Ransomhub.
 Globally, the United States led with 140 attacks, followed by India (95) and Israel (57), reflecting India's
increasing susceptibility due to its digital adoption.
 The report emphasized the need for robust cybersecurity measures, including advanced threat
monitoring, risk assessments, and public-private collaboration, to protect critical sectors from
escalating cyber threats.

2023 income inequality exceeded 1950s levels in India, rural areas more affected

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 India’s income inequality in 2023 remained higher than in the 1950s, with the Gini coefficient at 0.410
compared to 0.371 in 1955, despite post-pandemic improvements.
 The Gini coefficient, measuring income inequality, had peaked at 0.528 in 2021 during the pandemic. A
value closer to 1 indicates greater inequality.
 Rural inequality rose with a Gini coefficient of 0.405 in 2023 (up from 0.341 in 1955), while urban
inequality slightly declined to 0.382 (from 0.392).
 The bottom 10% households saw their income share decline from 3% in 1955 to 2.38% in 2023, while
the bottom 50% share slightly increased to 22.82% from 22%.
 Social schemes like MGNREGA, direct benefit transfers, and financial inclusion initiatives contributed
to modest improvements for the bottom 50%.
 The report highlights the concentration of wealth among top earners and persistent struggles of the
poorest, emphasizing the need for inclusive strategies focusing on education, healthcare,
infrastructure, and progressive taxation.
 The economic journey reflects a "seesaw" pattern of inequality, with gains often countered by external
disruptions or policy gaps, as noted by Rajesh Shukla, CEO of PRICE.
 The findings underline the importance of social safety nets and equitable distribution of economic growth
benefits, particularly in rural areas.

‘Logistics Ease Across Different States (LEADS) 2024’ Report

 Union Minister Piyush Goyal launched the LEADS 2024 report, emphasizing the need for regional and
city-level logistics plans, green logistics, and gender inclusivity to attract investments and enhance
connectivity.
 The report evaluates logistics performance across Infrastructure, Services, Operating Environment,
and Sustainable Logistics, providing insights for reforms and modernization using AI, Machine
Learning, and Data Analytics.
 States were encouraged to develop multi-modal hubs, use transparent bidding processes, and adopt
the LEAD framework (Longevity, Efficiency, Accessibility, Digitalisation) to transform the logistics sector
by 2047.
 The event featured the LEAPS 2024 Awards, recognizing innovation in core logistics services, MSMEs,
startups, and institutions, celebrating leadership in the sector.
 Piyush Goyal launched the PM GatiShakti Course at GatiShakti Vishwavidyalaya (GSV) to improve
knowledge of infrastructure planning, available on iGOT Karmayogi and UGC SWAYAM platforms.
 The Logistics Cost Framework Report by NCAER introduced a hybrid methodology to estimate costs
using EXIM and domestic cargo data, supporting a competitive and sustainable logistics ecosystem.
 These initiatives aim to foster competitive federalism, boost economic growth, and achieve India’s vision
of a $32 trillion economy by 2047.

Performance Highlights of LEADS 2024

Category Achievers Fast Movers Aspirers
Gujarat, Karnataka,
Coastal Group Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Andhra Pradesh, Goa Kerala, West Bengal
Nadu

Landlocked Haryana, Telangana, Uttar Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Chhattisgarh,

Group Pradesh, Uttarakhand Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan Jharkhand

North-Eastern Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim,

Assam, Arunachal Pradesh Manipur
Group Tripura

Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and

Union Andaman and Nicobar
Chandigarh, Delhi Diu, Jammu and Kashmir, Lakshadweep,
Territories Islands, Ladakh
Puducherry

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Winners of LEAPS 2024 Include:

Category Awardee
Air Freight Service Provider Kerry Indev Logistics Private Limited
Maritime Freight Service Provider Visakha Container Terminal Pvt Ltd
Multimodal Transport Operators Avana Logistek Limited
Rail Freight Service Provider DP World Rail Logistics Private Limited
Road Freight Service Provider CJ Darcl Logistics Ltd.

Warehouse Service Provider (Industrial and Consumables) APM Terminals India Private Limited

Warehouse Service Provider (Agriculture) Globus Warehousing and Trading Private Limited

Startups (Logistics Operations) Myzek Logistics Pvt Ltd

Startups (Logistics Technology) Sarvodaya Infotech Pvt Ltd
MSMEs (Logistics Service Provider) Shipwaves Online Limited

Institutions (Education and Skill Development) Indian Institute of Management, Mumbai

Logistics service delivery for e-commerce operations Delhivery Limited

Multimodal logistics service provider Pushpak Logistics Solutions LLP

Unified District Information System for Education Plus (UDISE+) Report 2023-24

 The UDISE+ report 2023-24 released by the Ministry of Education (MoE) highlighted a decline in
student enrolment to 24.8 crore, a drop of over one crore from previous years, marking a 6% decrease
compared to 2018-19.
 Recent trends show fluctuations in enrolment, with a peak of 26.45 crore in 2019-20, followed by
consistent declines, culminating in the current figure for 2023-24.
 The UDISE+ system enhancements, including the voluntary Aadhaar integration, ensured data
reliability by collecting details for over 19.7 crore students and introduced Unique Educational IDs
(EID) to eliminate duplicate entries and improve benefit transfer accuracy.
 Gender disparities persist, with boys' enrolment dropping 4.87% (from 13.53 crore in 2018-19 to 12.87
crore in 2023-24) and girls' enrolment falling 4.48% (from 12.49 crore to 11.93 crore).
 Regional variations reveal significant declines in states like Bihar (35.65 lakh fewer students), Uttar
Pradesh (28.26 lakh), and Maharashtra (18.55 lakh).
 The report underscores the need for targeted educational interventions and policies to address declining
enrolment and gender representation.
 The UDISE+ platform, with its enhanced data collection, will play a crucial role in shaping future strategies
for improving enrolment and retention rates in education.

Intensity of cyclones has gone up in past four decades: data

 The number of tropical cyclones annually has remained constant at an average of 47 since 1980,
according to databases recognized by the WMO and NOAA.
 However, the intensity of cyclones has increased significantly, with their average maximum wind speed
rising from 182 kph to 192 kph, a 5% increase over the last decade.

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 The proportion of category five cyclones has risen by 40%, with 1.4 in 10 cyclones now surpassing 250
kph, compared to 1 in 10 between 1981 and 2010.
 These findings align with IPCC projections that climate change will increase the frequency of category
four and five cyclones.
 Cyclone impacts are exacerbated by poverty, vulnerability, and lack of protection, emphasizing the
need for better disaster preparedness and resilience measures.
 The analysis underscores the growing humanitarian risks associated with more intense cyclones in a
warming world.

School enrolment down by over a crore in 2023-24: report

 Student enrolment in India dropped by over 1.22 crore (6%) in 2023-24 compared to 2018-19, as per
the UDISE+ report released by the Education Ministry.
 Total enrolment in 2023-24 stood at 24.8 crore, a decline from around 26 crore in the previous years,
attributed to improved data verification and elimination of duplicate entries.
 The UDISE+ system now captures data with enhanced reliability using Aadhaar-linked records and
unique Educational IDs (EID) to eliminate ghost entries and ensure precise identification for schemes
like Samagra Shiksha, PM POSHAN, and National Scholarships.
 Boys’ enrolment fell by 4.87% from 13.53 crore (2018-19) to 12.87 crore (2023-24), and girls’
enrolment dropped by 4.48% from 12.49 crore to 11.93 crore in the same period.
 Major States like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Maharashtra recorded the highest drops, with Bihar losing
35.65 lakh students, Uttar Pradesh 28.26 lakh, and Maharashtra 18.55 lakh.
 Officials clarified that UDISE+ data from 2022-23 onwards is not strictly comparable with earlier years
due to enhanced methodologies and efforts to maintain the uniqueness of student and teacher records.
 The shift to accurate record-keeping aims to streamline benefit transfers, reduce wastage, and enhance
efficiency in educational schemes.

Indian cities reduce PM2.5 levels by 27% in 6 yrs: Report

 Indian cities achieved an average 27% reduction in PM2.5 pollution levels between 2019 and 2024,
with NCAP cities recording a 24% decline, as per a report by Respirer Living Sciences.
 Varanasi and Moradabad were top performers, reducing PM2.5 levels by 76% and 58%, respectively.
 Other notable cities include Kalaburagi (57.2%), Meerut (57.1%), Katni (56.3%), Agra (54.1%), Baghpat
(53.3%), and Kanpur (51.2%).
 The report highlights significant progress in air quality improvement, attributing it to efforts under the
National Clean Air Programme (NCAP).
 The data underscores advancements in combating air pollution and reflects the impact of targeted
environmental measures.

India may account for 16% of global consumption by 2050: World Data Lab

 India’s share of global consumption at purchasing power parity (PPP) is projected to rise to 16% by
2050, up from 9% in 2023 and 4% in 1997, second only to North America’s 17% share.
 Emerging regions, including India, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America, will account for over half
of global consumption by 2050 due to young populations and rising incomes, while advanced regions’
share will decline from 60% in 1997 to 30%.
 The global labour shift will favor later-wave regions, contributing to two-thirds of all work hours by 2050,
as fertility rates in first-wave regions decline.
 In India, the support ratio (working-age people per senior citizen) will fall from 9.8 today to 1.9 by 2100,
similar to Japan, as fertility rates remain below the replacement rate.
 India’s population growth will slow, with its share of global population dropping from 23% in 2023 to
17% in 2050 and 15% by 2100, reaching 1.5 billion.

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 The demographic dividend contributed 0.7% to GDP per capita growth from 1997-2023 but will fall to
0.2% by 2050 due to aging demographics and declining labour intensity.
 Increasing women’s workforce participation by 10 percentage points could boost India’s GDP per
capita by 4-5%, highlighting the potential for inclusive growth.
 The shift in global consumption patterns emphasizes the need for companies to adapt to changing tastes
and demands in emerging markets like India.

India slips to 3rd place on trust barometer; low-income group less trusting than richer counterparts

 The 25th Edelman Trust Barometer reveals India’s global trust ranking fell to third place, with China
retaining the top spot and Indonesia rising to second.
 India ranked 13th in trust for foreign-headquartered companies, trailing nations like Mexico, South
Africa, and Brazil, while Canada, Japan, and Germany topped this category.
 A trust divide by income shows India’s high-income group trusts institutions at 80%, while the low-
income group is at 65%, highlighting social perception gaps.
 Despite the decline, India remains among the most trusted developing nations, scoring 75% trust,
ahead of developed countries like Japan, the UK, and the US.
 Globally, 69% of respondents distrust government officials, corporate leaders, and journalists, reflecting a
crisis in leadership and credibility.
 Growing acceptance of disinformation and violence for political goals was observed, with one in four
people globally endorsing these methods.
 Rising concerns over discrimination (63% globally) and wealth inequality (67% feel the rich don’t pay
fair taxes) fuel dissatisfaction.
 However, trust in employers remains high globally at 75%, with businesses seen as the most reliable
institution amidst falling trust in government and media.

QS Future Skills report: India ranks second in the world for future job market preparedness

 India ranks second in the QS Skills Index 2025, scoring 99.1% in the Future of Work Indicator, showing
strong preparedness for future job demands.
 The index evaluates factors like future job creation, skilled worker availability, and skill development
effectiveness.
 India’s ranking reflects significant progress in workforce readiness and alignment of its education
system with industry needs.
 Substantial improvements in education and vocational training systems ensure a steady supply of
skilled workers.
 Initiatives like the National Skills Development Corporation (NSDC) bridge gaps between skilled
workforce demand and availability.
 Growth in technology-driven sectors like IT, AI, and digital services enhances India’s global job market
standing.
 Young and tech-savvy workforce contributes significantly to maintaining India's competitive edge.
 Challenges include rural-urban disparities and the need for inclusive training, but India’s efforts highlight
its focus on equipping its workforce for evolving job markets.

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Brand Finance rankings 2025

 Indian brands continue to climb in the Brand Finance rankings 2025, with
Tata Group leading as the highest-ranking Indian brand, moving from 64
in 2024 to 60 in 2025.
 The top three Indian brands are Tata Group, Infosys, and HDFC Group,
with Infosys rising to 132 (from 145) and HDFC Group jumping 64 spots to
164.
 L&T Group recorded the highest jump, ranking 316 (up from 456), while
SBI Group climbed to 241 (from 330).
 ICICI Group entered the rankings for the first time, showcasing its growing
global recognition.
 Globally, Apple remains the most valued brand at $574.5 billion, followed
by Microsoft at $461 billion.
 These achievements reflect the global competitiveness of Indian brands
across diverse sectors.
 India ranks second in IT services brand value globally, contributing 36%
of the total, behind the US at 40%, according to Brand Finance 2025
rankings.
 The collective brand value of the top 25 IT services brands reached $163
billion, with 15 brands experiencing growth.
 Indian IT companies, like TCS (11% brand value growth, exceeding $20 billion), Infosys (fastest CAGR
of 18%), and HCLTech (world’s fastest-growing IT services brand), showcase remarkable growth.
 India’s performance reflects its technological innovation, workforce expansion, and adaptability to
global trends, solidifying its position in the global IT market.
 With the US market recovery, Indian IT players are set to benefit from renewed demand, signaling
sustained growth for 2025-2027.
 Despite economic challenges, the IT sector demonstrates resilience, contributing to the ever-evolving
digital landscape.
 Accenture retains the title of the most valuable IT services brand for the 7th consecutive year.

Billionaire wealth grew 3 times faster by $2 trn in 2024:

Oxfam

 Global billionaire wealth increased by $2 trillion in 2024 to

$15 trillion, growing three times faster than in 2023.
 204 new billionaires were created in 2024, averaging
nearly four per week, with 41 from Asia, where total
billionaire wealth rose by $299 billion.
 Oxfam’s report, ‘Takers, not Makers’, revealed that 60% of
billionaire wealth comes from inheritance, monopoly power,
or cronyism, deeming it largely “unmerited.”
 The richest 1% in the Global North extracted $30 million
per hour from the Global South through financial systems in
2023.
 Oxfam urged governments to tax the richest, dismantle
extreme wealth, and address inequality to combat the
growing economic disparity.
 The report also called on former colonial powers to address historical injustices through reparations.
 Predictions suggest at least five trillionaires could emerge globally within a decade, further accentuating
wealth inequality.
 The wealth surge contrasts sharply with poverty levels, which have seen little improvement, underlining
the growing inequity worldwide.

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India stands as global hub for digital innovation: WEF report

 India is recognized by the World Economic Forum (WEF) as one of the world’s fastest-growing
economies and a global hub for startups and digital innovation.
 The Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution India launched its 6-year impact journey report at
the WEF annual meeting in 2025.
 Over four decades, WEF and India have built a strong collaboration involving the national and state
governments, business leaders, civil society, and experts.
 This partnership has led to impactful initiatives advancing shared priorities across industries and sectors.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Western Ghats Identified as Global Hotspot for Threatened Freshwater Species, Key Causes Revealed

 A global freshwater fauna assessment for the IUCN Red List highlights that one-quarter of freshwater
species face a high risk of extinction, with 89 confirmed and 187 suspected extinctions since 1500
AD.
 The Western Ghats in India, along with Lake Victoria, Lake Titicaca, and Sri Lanka’s Wet Zone, is
identified as a key hotspot for threatened freshwater biodiversity.
 Key threats include pollution (affecting 59% of species), dams and water extraction (39%), agriculture
and land use changes (37%), and invasive species (28%).
 Pollution sources include agriculture effluents (45%), urban waste (29%), and industrial waste (21%),
while climate change impacts one-fifth of threatened species.
 Freshwater species are critical for industries like fisheries and agriculture, and their decline poses risks
to livelihoods, ecosystems, and water management systems.
 A 2011 IUCN study had similarly warned of threats to 16% of freshwater species in India due to pollution,
overharvesting, and urban development.
 The Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, demands urgent conservation efforts to protect its
unique and irreplaceable freshwater biodiversity.
 These findings result from two decades of global assessments by over 1,000 species experts,
emphasizing the need for targeted conservation measures.
Learn Along:
About IUCN
 The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an international organization working in the field of
nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources.
 Founded in 1948, IUCN has become the global authority on the status of the natural world and the measures
needed to safeguard it.
 Headquarters: Gland, Switzerland President: Razan Al Mubarak Founded: 5 October 1948

ZSI scientists discover new species of Indo-Burmese pangolin

 Scientists from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) have discovered a new species, the Indo-Burmese
pangolin (Manis indoburmanica), in Arunachal Pradesh, genetically distinct from Chinese and Indian
pangolins.
 Genetic analysis revealed a 3.8% genome difference from the Chinese pangolin, diverging approximately
3.4 million years ago, with findings published in the journal Mammalian Biology.
 This species inhabits parts of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and potentially Nepal, Bhutan, and
Myanmar, at altitudes of 180 to 1830 meters.
 The Indo-Burmese pangolin has dark brown to olive-brown scales and bristle-like hair, resembling
other Asian pangolins, and evolved due to climatic and geological shifts in the Pliocene and Pleistocene
epochs.
 The discovery highlights the urgency of pangolin conservation as they are among the most heavily
trafficked mammals globally, threatened by poaching and habitat loss.

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New Ant Species Discovered in Western Ghats

 Scientists in Kodagu district, Karnataka, discovered a new ant species named Tapinoma onaele,
highlighting the overlooked biodiversity of leaf litter ecosystems. The name ‘Onaele’ means ‘dried
leaves’ in Kannada, symbolizing the importance of this habitat.
 Leaf litter ecosystems are vital for forest health, supporting nutrient cycling, water retention, soil
formation, and acting as shelters for insects, fungi, and microorganisms essential to the forest food web.
 Recent research by Pronoy Baidya documented 133 ant species in Goa, including the rediscovery of
Probolomyrmex procne after three decades in Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary, showcasing Goa's rich
biodiversity.
 Tapinoma onaele was identified through its unique morphological features, distinguishing it from related
species like Protanilla lini, adding to the diversity of the Protanilla genus in India.
 Leaf litter conservation is critical, as practices like burning threaten biodiversity. Protecting these habitats
ensures the survival of millions of organisms and sustains ecosystem functions.

Banded Royal Butterfly Discovered in Tripura

 Tripura achieved a milestone in biodiversity documentation with the discovery of the Banded Royal
butterfly (Rachana jalindra indra), recorded for the first time in the state at the Sepahijala Wildlife
Sanctuary.
 The butterfly, protected under Schedule II of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, was first sighted
on May 5, 2021, during a survey and is documented in the journal Munis Entomology & Zoology.
 Banded Royal butterflies are known for their distinct purple or bluish sheen in males, brownish
appearance with white markings in females, and pale brown undersides with white bands, preferring
dense vegetation.
 The species is distributed across South and Southeast Asia, with three subspecies in India, including R.
j. indra, recorded in Assam, Meghalaya, and Jharkhand.
 Sepahijala Wildlife Sanctuary, located 25 km from Agartala, spans 18.53 sq.km and houses diverse
flora (456 species) and fauna, including clouded leopards, Spectacled langurs, and the revived crab-
eating mongoose.
 The discovery underscores Tripura’s biodiversity richness and highlights the importance of ongoing
ecological research to uncover and conserve the region's unique species and habitats.
 This finding adds significant value to scientific knowledge and reinforces the need for natural habitat
conservation efforts.

Tiger released back into Odisha’s Similipal reserve

 Zeenat, a three-year-old tiger, was released into a soft enclosure in Odisha’s Similipal Tiger Reserve
on Wednesday after weeks of wandering across three States.
 Translocated from Maharashtra’s Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve on November 14, Zeenat’s move
aims to boost genetic diversity among Similipal’s tiger population.
 Similipal tigers exhibit pseudo-melanism, characterized by pronounced black stripes, which results from
inbreeding.
 Zeenat and another tiger, Jamuna, were released under the supervision of the National Tiger
Conservation Authority (NTCA).
 After 10 days of acclimatisation in Similipal’s core northern division, Zeenat strayed into Jharkhand
and West Bengal in early December before being recaptured on December 29.
 This initiative is part of broader efforts to strengthen tiger conservation and maintain genetic health
within the reserve.

Survey adds 24 new species to Munnar’s faunal stock

 A faunal survey in the Munnar Wildlife Division, conducted by the Forest Department and Travancore
Nature History Society, added 24 new species of birds, butterflies, and odonates to the checklist.

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 The survey spanned six protected areas, including Eravikulam, Mathikettan, Pambadum, Anamudi
Shola National Parks, and Kurinjimala and Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuaries, covering elevations from
500 to 2,800 meters.
 217 bird species were documented, with 11 new additions like the Brown Hawk Owl, Barred
Buttonquail, and Spotted Owlet, raising the total to 258 bird species in the region.
 166 butterfly species were recorded, including 8 new species, bringing the total to 246, with notable
species like the Red-disc Bushbrown, Grass Jewel, and the Southern Birdwing.
 The number of odonates increased to 58 species, with 5 new records such as Cratilla lineata calverti
and Lestes elatus.
 Mammals including Nilgiri tahrs, tigers, leopards, elephants, and 12 reptile and amphibian species
were also documented during the survey.
 The Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary recorded the highest diversity, with 173 bird species and 148 butterfly
species, despite the cold weather.
 The survey, formally launched by Wildlife Warden Harikrishnan K.V., involved 21 teams and 78
delegates between January 8-12, 2024.

NBM 2.0 aims to expand fiber to 2.7 lakh villages by 2030

 The Department of Telecommunications launched the National Broadband Mission (NBM) 2.0, building
on the first NBM from December 2019.
 The focus is on broadband subscription growth, serving as the foundation for the new mission, as stated
by Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia.
 Key goals include improved fiberisation in rural areas, faster internet speeds, and enhanced right-of-
way for telecom infrastructure.
 The Mission aims to expand fiber connectivity to 2.7 lakh villages by 2030, up from 50,000 currently, and
connect 90% of anchor institutions like schools and health centers.
 It targets increasing rural broadband subscription from 45% to 60% by 2030, according to the vision
document.
Learn Along:
About NBM 1.0
 The Mission is part of the National Digital Communications Policy, 2018.
 The vision of the Mission is to fast-track growth of digital communications infrastructure, bridge the digital
divide, facilitate digital empowerment and inclusion, and provide affordable and universal access of broadband
for all.
 The mission is also aligned with the vision of improving access to education, healthcare, and e-governance
services, fostering economic opportunities, and enhancing social inclusion through digital connectivity.
 Key achievements of NBM 1.0 include:
 Expansion of Optical Fiber Cable (OFC) networks to 41.91 lakh kilometers by September 2024.
 Growth in telecom towers to 8.17 lakh and broadband subscribers to 941 million.
 Resolving major Right of Way (RoW) issues and streamlining processes through the “GatiShakti Sanchar” portal.
 Introduction of the “Call Before u Dig” (CBuD) mobile app to protect underground telecom infrastructure.

Pixxel launches India's 1st private satellite constellation with SpaceX

 Pixxel, a Google-backed Indian startup, launched Firefly, India's first private commercial satellite
constellation, on 14 January 2025, aboard SpaceX's Transporter-12 rideshare mission from
Vandenberg Space Force Base, USA.
 The Firefly constellation features the world’s highest-resolution hyperspectral satellites with 5-
meter resolution, capturing data across 150 spectral bands to monitor chemical compositions,
vegetation health, and atmospheric conditions.
 The constellation initially consists of six satellites, with three launched in January and three more planned
for the second quarter of 2025, aiming for a sun-synchronous orbit at 550 km altitude.
 Pixxel plans to expand the constellation to 24 satellites, providing hyperspectral imaging services for
agriculture, mining, environmental monitoring, and defense sectors, making it the first private Indian
company in this field.

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 Bengaluru-based Digantara launched the SCOT satellite (Space Camera for Object Tracking), the
world’s first commercial satellite for space object surveillance, to enhance space traffic management
and ensure safe navigation in Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
 The SCOT satellite, placed in a sun-synchronous orbit, tracks floating debris like defunct satellites and
rocket parts, issuing safety alerts to mitigate collision risks.
 Currently, only ISRO offers hyperspectral imaging services in India, making Pixxel's service a significant
milestone for private Indian space startups.
 Both satellites reflect the growing role of Indian private companies in global space technology, backed
by advanced imaging and space situational awareness innovations.
Learn Along:
About Pixxel
Headquarters: Bengaluru Founded: February 2019 CEO: Awais Ahmed
About SpaceX
Founded: March 14, 2002 Headquarters:Texas, United States CEO: Elon Musk

India Semiconductor Mission, CG Power and CG SEMI Sign Fiscal Support Agreement

 A Fiscal Support Agreement (FSA) was signed on January 17, 2025, between India Semiconductor
Mission, CG Power and Industrial Solutions Ltd., and CG Semi Pvt. Ltd., to advance India's
semiconductor manufacturing ecosystem.
 CG Power is establishing a semiconductor OSAT (Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test)
facility in Sanand, Gujarat, in partnership with Renesas Electronics America Inc. and Stars
Microelectronics (Thailand), with a total investment of ₹7,600 crore.
 The project will receive 50% fiscal support for eligible capital expenditure under the Modified
Programme for Development of Semiconductor and Display Manufacturing Ecosystem,
demonstrating strong government commitment.
 The initiative is vital for India to achieve self-reliance in semiconductor manufacturing and design,
fostering domestic intellectual property and a robust supply chain.
 The project supports India’s goal of reaching a $500 billion electronics production target by 2030,
driving technological advancement, economic growth, and high-tech employment opportunities.
 The Secretary and CG Power leadership emphasized the importance of market development,
homegrown brands, and creating demand to strengthen India’s position in the global semiconductor
value chain.
 The collaboration positions India as a trusted global partner for an efficient and resilient semiconductor
ecosystem while boosting domestic capabilities in the sector.

Reliance NU Suntech to set up solar power plant in Kurnool

 Reliance NU Suntech Private Limited, a subsidiary of Reliance Power Limited, plans to invest ₹10,000
crore in a solar power project in Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, on a build-own-operate basis.
 The project includes a 930-MW solar energy component and a 465 MW/1,860 MWh battery energy
storage system.
 It will be Asia's largest solar and battery energy storage project.
Learn Along:
About Reliance Power Limited
Headquarters: Mumbai Founded: 17 January 1995

Three Indian nuclear entities no more on U.S. restrictions list

 The United States lifted restrictions on three Indian nuclear entities: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
(BARC), Indira Gandhi Atomic Research Centre (IGCAR), and Indian Rare Earths (IRE).
 This move follows National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan's announcement to remove hurdles for civil
nuclear cooperation between Indian and American firms.
 The decision aims to enhance collaboration in the nuclear sector.

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IREDA, SJVN, GMR and NEA Seal Partnership for 900 MW Upper Karnali Hydropower Project in Nepal

 IREDA, SJVN, GMR Energy Ltd., and Nepal Electricity Authority signed a joint venture for the 900 MW
Upper Karnali Hydro-electric Project in Nepal.
 The project adopts a Build-Own-Operate-Transfer (BOOT) model with a 25-year term starting from the
Commercial Operation Date (CoD).
 The agreement focuses on project development, construction, operation, and maintenance to boost
regional energy security and renewable energy growth.
 Formalized in New Delhi, senior officials from the partnering organizations were present.
 Shri Pradip Kumar Das, CMD, IREDA, emphasized the project’s role as a model for sustainable energy
development and cross-border collaboration.
 It highlights economic and environmental benefits through leveraging hydropower’s potential.
Learn Along:
About IREDA
Founded: 1987 Headquarters: India Chairman & MD : Pradip Kumar Das

Cabinet approves the establishment of “Third Launch Pad”

 The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved the establishment of the Third
Launch Pad (TLP) at Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, for Next
Generation Launch Vehicles (NGLV) and as a standby for the Second Launch Pad (SLP).
 The TLP will enhance launch capacity for future human spaceflight missions and support new
propulsion systems required for heavier vehicles in the expanding Indian Space Programme.
 The project, costing Rs. 3984.86 crore, will be completed in 48 months with extensive industry
participation and shared use of existing facilities.
 TLP’s adaptable configuration will support NGLV, LVM3 vehicles, and scaled-up configurations, crucial
for missions like Gaganyaan and future space exploration.
 This initiative will enable higher launch frequencies, boost the Indian Space ecosystem, and support the
vision of Bharatiya Antariksh Station by 2035 and an Indian Crewed Lunar Landing by 2040.
 Currently, India relies on the First and Second Launch Pads for missions like PSLV, SSLV, GSLV, and
Chandrayaan-3, which are unable to meet future demands for heavier and more advanced launches.

C-DOT and IIT Bombay sign agreement for “Optical Transceiver Chipset for High-Bandwidth 6G
Wireless Links”

 C-DOT and IIT Bombay have signed an agreement to develop an Optical Transceiver Chipset for 6G
Wireless Links, under the Telecom Technology Development Fund (TTDF) by the Department of
Telecommunications (DoT).
 The project focuses on creating chipsets for high-bandwidth free-space optical links, enabling 6G
applications like last-mile high-speed connectivity in rural and remote areas, where optical fiber
deployment is challenging.
 It also aims to provide uninterrupted communication links to remote regions using satellites,
emphasizing affordability, sustainability, and ubiquity for 6G by 2030.
 The agreement supports Atmanirbhar Bharat by fostering indigenous research and development in
advanced telecommunications.
 This initiative accelerates India's efforts to lead the global 6G ecosystem, leveraging advanced
technologies to meet the diverse connectivity needs of the country.
Learn Along:
About C-DOT
 C-DOT (Centre for Development of Telematics) is a state-owned research and development organization in India
that focuses on developing telecommunications technology.
 It was established in 1984 with the objective of developing indigenous telecommunications technology and reducing
dependence on foreign technology.
 Founded: 25 August 1984 Headquarters: Delhi, India

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C-DOT and IIT Mandi signs agreement for “Developing Semiconductor Chip of Wideband Spectrum
Sensor for Dynamic Spectrum Access”

 The Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) has signed an agreement with IIT Mandi and IIT
Jammu to develop a Wideband Spectrum-Sensor ASIC-Chip under the Telecom Technology
Development Fund (TTDF).
 This project aims to enhance spectrum utilization efficiency by developing hardware and algorithms for
detecting and utilizing under-utilized spectrum bands, focusing on rural broadband services.
 It will enable cognitive radio networks to detect spectrum holes for better throughput without interfering
with primary networks, targeting the 6 GHz satellite band.
 The project includes field-programmable gate-array (FPGA) emulation and ASIC chip development
for improved hardware efficiency, short sensing time, and high data throughput.
 It supports the creation of intellectual properties (IPs) for dynamic spectrum access, aligned with the
goals of Atmanirbhar Bharat, Make-in-India, and India-Semiconductor Missions.
 This collaboration aims to foster affordable broadband and mobile services, promoting self-reliance in
next-generation telecom technologies.

C-DOT and IIT Delhi sign agreement for “Building Blocks for THz Communication Front Ends” for 6G

 C-DOT and IIT Delhi signed an agreement under the Telecom Technology Development Fund (TTDF)
to develop THz Communication Front Ends for 6G as part of the Bharat 6G vision for secure and high-
quality connectivity.
 The project focuses on creating basic devices and components for THz systems, including 6G
communications, military applications, and material characterization, with core components developed
at IIT Delhi in collaboration with SAMEER Kolkata.
 This initiative aligns with India’s efforts to establish chip fabrication facilities, transitioning to production-
level THz component fabrication for advanced telecom technologies.
 The collaboration signifies a critical step toward achieving the Prime Minister's Bharat 6G Vision,
ensuring indigenous development of microelectronic THz components for the first time in India.

Georgia Certified Malaria-Free

 Georgia has been officially certified malaria-free by the WHO, joining 45 other countries and one
territory with this status, marking a milestone for the WHO European region.
 Georgia's malaria elimination journey began in the early 1900s, eliminating Plasmodium falciparum by
1953, Plasmodium malariae by 1960, and Plasmodium vivax by 1970.
 Despite being malaria-free for 25 years, a resurgence occurred in 2002 with 474 cases, prompting
intensified efforts under the Tashkent Declaration. The last indigenous malaria case was recorded in
2009.
 In 2023, global malaria cases reached 263 million, with 94% of cases from the WHO African region.
Malaria vaccines like RTS,S and R21 have enhanced coverage in endemic areas.
 India has reduced malaria cases by over 97% since independence, with annual deaths dropping to 83 by
2023, demonstrating significant progress in elimination efforts.
 Malaria is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, with symptoms ranging from fever and chills to severe
complications like seizures, affecting high-risk groups like children and pregnant women.
Learn Along:
About WHO
Formation: 7 April 1948 Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland DG: Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
China Advances in Nuclear Fusion with EAST Reactor

 China's Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) achieved a breakthrough by

sustaining plasma for 1,000 seconds, breaking the 403-second record set in 2023, advancing prospects
for continuous fusion power generation.

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 Nuclear fusion, the process powering the sun, merges atomic nuclei to release energy with minimal
radioactive waste and no greenhouse gas emissions, making it a promising solution for climate change
and global energy needs.
 Fusion is considered the “holy grail” of energy, offering nearly unlimited energy with minimal
environmental impact, crucial as global energy demands grow.
 The EAST reactor, known as China’s “artificial sun”, replicates the fusion process of the sun and has
been operational since 2006, undergoing testing for efficiency and stability.
 A tokamak, like EAST, absorbs fusion energy as heat, which is converted to electricity, aligning with
conventional power generation techniques.
 China also operates other tokamaks, such as HL-2A and HL-2M, with the latter being the largest and
most advanced fusion device in China, contributing to green energy goals.
 As part of the ITER project, China collaborates with nations like the EU, Japan, and the US to build the
world’s largest fusion reactor by 2035, showcasing international efforts in fusion research.

ISRO executes satellite docking, places India in elite space club

 ISRO successfully conducted its first satellite docking experiment (SpaDeX), making India the fourth
country after the U.S., Russia, and China to achieve this milestone.
 The two satellites, SDX01 (Chaser) and SDX02 (Target), launched on December 30 via PSLV C60,
docked successfully under the supervision of the Mission Operations Complex (MOX) at ISTRAC.
 The SpaDeX mission aims to develop and demonstrate spacecraft manoeuvre and docking
technologies essential for future missions like lunar sample return, Indian space station, and
astronaut missions.
 The docking process involved precision manoeuvres, satellite capture, retraction, and rigidisation for
stability, with plans for electric power transfer between satellites before undocking.
 Post-docking, the satellites will be controlled as a single unit, with subsequent undocking and operation
of payloads for a mission life of up to two years.
 This mission is critical for advancing in-space robotics, composite spacecraft control, and payload
operations, paving the way for India’s futuristic space projects.
 Originally scheduled for January 7, the docking was postponed due to technical validations and drift
correction, eventually succeeding on January 8, 2025.
Learn Along:
About ISRO
Formed: 15 August 1969 Headquarters: Bengaluru, Karnataka Chairman: V Narayanan

ISRO’s 100th Launch Marks a Quantum Leap in India’s Space journey: Dr. Jitendra Singh

 ISRO’s 100th launch from Sriharikota with GSLV-F15/NVS-02 Mission marks a quantum leap in
India’s space journey, as stated by Dr. Jitendra Singh.
 The last decade has seen rapid expansion in India's space sector, with a third launch pad in
Sriharikota and a new launch site in Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu.
 Private sector participation has grown significantly, from single-digit startups in 2021 to nearly 300
today, attracting ₹1,000 crore investment in 2023.
 The Indian space economy is currently $8 billion and is expected to reach $44 billion in the next
decade, positioning India as a global space leader.
 90% of foreign satellite launches are handled by ISRO, reflecting global confidence in India's
capabilities.
 Reforms in the space sector have led to greater innovation, investment, and international
collaboration, boosting India’s position in global space exploration.
 The 100th launch symbolizes India’s rapid progress, transitioning from gradual development to
transformational growth in space technology and exploration.

Cowpea seeds sprout in space, and first robotic arm operated

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 ISRO successfully sprouted cowpea seeds (lobia) in space within 4 days during its PSLV-C60 SpaDeX
mission, marking a breakthrough in space agriculture.
 The experiment, part of the CROPS payload developed by Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC),
aims to advance ISRO’s capabilities for growing plants in extraterrestrial environments.
 The fully automated system tested seed germination and plant sustenance up to the two-leaf stage in a
microgravity environment, demonstrating the potential for space-based farming.
 ISRO also successfully operated India’s first space robotic arm, the Relocatable Robotic Manipulator-
Technology Demonstrator (RRM-TD), onboard POEM-4, showcasing advancements in space robotics.
 The RRM-TD, a 7 Degrees of Freedom (DoF) robotic arm, demonstrated relocation through ‘inchworm
walking’, signifying a #MakeInIndia milestone in space technology.
 These experiments, conducted on the PS4-Orbital Experiment Module (POEM-4), highlight ISRO’s
progress in space tech and capabilities for extraterrestrial sustainability.

2024 warmest year in India since 1901: IMD

 The year 2024 was the warmest on record in India since 1901, with the average mean temperature
at 25.75°C, which was 0.65°C above normal, and the average minimum temperature at 20.24°C,
0.90°C above normal.
 July to October 2024 recorded the highest average minimum temperatures, with February being the
second highest, reflecting a rising trend in post-monsoon and winter minimum temperatures.
 The IMD predicts below-normal rainfall for January-March 2025 in North India, which could worsen
moisture stress for rabi crops.
 Despite this, above-normal cold wave days are expected in western and central India during January
2025, with cold conditions prevailing in North India.
 Globally, 2024 was the warmest year with temperatures 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, as per
Copernicus and climate scientists’ reviews, with 41 additional days of dangerous heat reported
worldwide.
 India's greenhouse gas emissions dropped by 7.93% in 2020 compared to 2019, achieving a 36%
decline in emission intensity of GDP between 2005 and 2020, as per India’s Biennial Update Report
to the UNFCCC.
 Rising temperatures in India were attributed to long-term warming trends and short-lived La Niña
conditions, which are unlikely to significantly affect the broader warming trajectory.
 China also experienced its warmest year in decades, with 2024 temperatures 1°C higher than 2023,
highlighting the global impact of climate change.
Learn Along:
About IMD
Founded: 15 January 1875 Headquarters: New Delhi DG of Meteorology: Mrutyunjay Mohapatra

Indian researchers develop injectable hydrogel for targeted cancer treatment

 Researchers from IIT-Guwahati and Bose Institute, Kolkata developed an advanced injectable
hydrogel for localised cancer treatment, particularly targeting breast cancer.
 The hydrogel acts as a stable reservoir for anti-cancer drugs, enabling controlled release while
protecting healthy cells.
 Published in the Royal Society of Chemistry's Materials Horizons, the study highlights a breakthrough
in breast cancer therapy.
 Traditional treatments like chemotherapy often harm both cancerous and healthy cells; the hydrogel
offers a precise drug delivery system to the tumour site.
 Composed of ultra-short peptides, the hydrogel remains insoluble in biological fluids and responds to
elevated levels of glutathione (GSH), abundant in tumour cells.

‘Tata plant to make chips by 2026’

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 Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw announced that the Tata Electronics semiconductor plant in Assam
would begin production of ‘Made in India’ chips by 2026, catering to auto and telecom industries in
Japan, the United States, and Germany.
 The plant is part of India’s largest semiconductor initiative, highlighting Assam’s role in advancing the
semiconductor industry and contributing to Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision of a developed
India.
 A complete ecosystem, including an electronic city for 40,000 employees, is being developed to support
the plant and boost regional infrastructure.
 The project aligns with PM Modi’s Ashta Lakshmi vision, offering the North East an opportunity to
participate in a future-ready industry.
 The plant signifies a major step toward elevating India’s global standing in advanced manufacturing and
technology.
 Additionally, in Guwahati, three trains were flagged off, and a new road over bridge at Tetelia Station
yard was inaugurated by the Northeast Frontier Railway, enhancing regional connectivity.

ICMR gets low-cost tech to detect iron deficiency

 AnemiaPhone, developed by Cornell University, has been transferred to ICMR for integration into
programs targeting anaemia alleviation, women’s health, and maternal and child health.
 The technology provides rapid, accurate, and affordable screening for iron deficiency, a major cause
of anaemia.
 Anaemia affects 50% to 70% of pregnant women in India, making this a critical health tool.
 It requires a finger stick and a drop of blood, with results available in minutes, similar to a COVID-19
home test.
 Data is uploaded to a clinical database via mobile devices, enabling healthcare workers to provide
guidance, referral, or intervention immediately.
 This innovation aims to improve access and efficiency in diagnosing and managing anaemia at the point
of need.
Learn Along:
About ICMR
Founded: 1911 Headquarters: New Delhi

IndiaAI and Microsoft join hands to harness Artificial Intelligence’s potential for inclusive
development and economic transformation

 IndiaAI and Microsoft have signed an MoU to advance AI adoption and development in India, aligning
with the core objectives of the IndiaAI Mission.
 The partnership aims to skill 500,000 individuals by 2026, including students, educators, government
officials, and women entrepreneurs.
 AI Catalysts Centers of Excellence will be established in Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities, equipping 100,000 AI
innovators through hackathons, community building, and an AI marketplace.
 AI Productivity Labs will be set up in 20 NSTIs/NIELIT centers across 10 states, training 20,000
educators and empowering 100,000 students with AI courses in 200 ITIs.
 The collaboration focuses on AI-enabled solutions for critical sectors, leveraging Microsoft Research
expertise and fostering innovation for up to 1,000 AI startups via the Founders Hub program.
 Efforts include developing Indic language foundational models, ensuring linguistic and cultural
relevance, and building a robust datasets platform for AI development.
 The initiative aims to position India as a global leader in AI while driving economic growth, inclusivity,
and innovation, particularly in rural and underserved areas.
 This collaboration emphasizes skilling, ethical AI practices, and entrepreneurship, advancing India’s
journey to becoming an AI-first nation and fostering a sustainable future.
Learn Along:
About Microsoft
Headquarters: Washington, United States CEO: Satya Nadella Founded: April 4, 1975

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BHEL, ONGC to collaborate for new, renewable energy

 BHEL and ONGC will collaborate in new and renewable energy areas, including fuel cells,
electrolysers, and battery energy storage systems.
 Both state-owned entities aim to combine their strengths to explore opportunities in the clean energy
ecosystem.
 The partnership aligns with and supports India’s National Green Hydrogen Mission.
 A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed to formalize this collaboration.
Learn Along:
About BHEL
Headquarters: New Delhi Founded: 13 November 1964
About ONGC
Headquarters: Vasant Kunj, New Delhi Founded: 14 August 1956 Chairman & CEO: Arun Kumar Singh

Earth breaches 1.5 °C climate limit for the first time

 In 2024, Earth’s average temperature exceeded the 1.5°C threshold above pre-industrial levels for the
first time, signaling a failure to stay within the Paris Agreement target and raising concerns about
accelerating global warming.
 The temperature reached 1.55°C above pre-industrial levels, showing a significant rise over 2023,
prompting scientists to question whether this is a temporary surge or marks a shift in the climate system.
 Nearly 200 nations committed to limiting warming to 1.5°C under the 2015 Paris Accord, but rising
carbon emissions from fossil fuels and other sources have hindered progress.
 Experts emphasize that crossing 1.5°C temporarily does not mean the long-term goal is unattainable,
urging stronger actions to curb emissions and mitigate climate risks.
 Long-term trends based on a 10-year average show warming at 1.3°C, but the time before consistently
breaching 1.5°C is critical to address violent storms, fires, sea-level rise, and ecosystem damage.
 The 1.5°C target, a political benchmark, underscores the urgent need to protect vulnerable regions like
island nations facing rising sea levels, as even slight warming increments have significant impacts.
 Scientists stress that every fraction of warming matters, as Earth absorbs heat through its oceans, land,
and ice, amplifying the risks of extreme weather and long-term climate instability.

DEFENCE
DELIVERY OF YARD 132 (LSAM 22)

 The eighth Ammunition Cum Torpedo Cum Missile (ACTCM) Barge, LSAM 22, was inducted on 06
Jan 2025 at Naval Dockyard, Mumbai, with Cmde Vinay Venkataram as the Chief Guest.
 The contract for 11 ACTCM Barges was awarded to M/s Suryadipta Projects Pvt. Ltd., a MSME
Shipyard, which has also received a contract for four Sullage Barges, promoting the Make in India and
Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiatives.
 These barges were indigenously designed in collaboration with an Indian ship design firm and tested at
the Naval Science and Technological Laboratory, Visakhapatnam for seaworthiness.
 Built per Indian Register of Shipping (IRS) standards, the barges enhance the Navy’s ability to transport
ammunition and supplies to platforms both at jetties and outer harbors.
 This induction strengthens the operational commitments of the Indian Navy while showcasing its support
for MSMEs and indigenous development.

KEEL LAYING OF THIRD CADET TRAINING SHIP (YARD 18005)

 The keel laying ceremony for the third Cadet Training Ship (Yard 18005) was held on 30 Dec 2024 at
L&T Shipyard, Kattupalli, presided by RAdm Ravi Kumar Dhingra.

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 The contract for the indigenous design and construction of three Cadet Training Ships was signed
between the Ministry of Defence (MoD) and L&T on 7 March 2023.
 These ships will train officer cadets at sea after their basic shore training and also extend training facilities
to cadets from friendly foreign countries.
 The initiative aligns with the Aatmanirbhar Bharat and Make in India visions, promoting indigenous
shipbuilding.
 This milestone supports the Indian Navy’s Long Term Integrated Perspective Plan (LTIPP 2012-27),
which envisions a force level of three Cadet Training Ships.

KEEL LAYING OF SEVENTH SHIP (BY 529, MACHILIPATNAM) OF ASW SWC PROJECT AT CSL,
KOCH

 Keel Laying of the seventh ASW SWC ship (BY 529, Machilipatnam) took place on 29 Jan 25, attended
by RAdm Upal Kundu and senior officials.
 The project supports "Aatmanirbhar Bharat", with major systems sourced indigenously.
 Indian Shipyards are making rapid progress, with the sixth ship’s keel laid in Dec 24 and the fourth &
fifth ships launched in Sep 24.
 Contract for eight ASW SWC ships was awarded to Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) on 30 Apr 19.
 Ships belong to the ‘Mahe’ class, featuring indigenous underwater sensors for anti-submarine, LIMO,
and mine-laying operations.
 The first ship is set for delivery in early 2025, enhancing Indian Navy’s ASW capabilities.

ICG and Indonesian Coast Guard renew MoU for another three years

 Indian Coast Guard (ICG) and Indonesia Coast Guard (BAKAMLA) renewed their MoU on Maritime
Safety and Security Cooperation for another three years on January 27, 2025 in New Delhi.
 The 2nd High-Level Meeting (HLM) was led by ICG Director General Paramesh Sivamani and
BAKAMLA Chief Vice Admiral Irvansyah, with an eight-member Indonesian delegation visiting India.
 Discussions focused on Maritime Search and Rescue, Pollution Response, and Maritime Law
Enforcement, with emphasis on sharing best practices and professional exchanges.
 ICG Ship Shaunak is on a deployment to Jakarta (January 27-30, 2025) to strengthen operational ties
with BAKAMLA.
 The renewed MoU reinforces the commitment of India and Indonesia to a secure and cooperative
Indo-Pacific maritime environment.
Learn Along:
About Indian Coast Guard
Founded: 1 February 1977 Director General: Paramesh Sivamani

Pralay, India’s first quasi-ballistic missile, to be showcased at Republic Day parade

 Pralay, with a range of 400 km, is India’s first ballistic missile for conventional strikes, designed for
the Army and Air Force.
 It complements existing systems like BrahMos and Parahar, providing stand-off strike capability along
both the LoC and LAC.
 The missile features a twin launcher configuration on an Ashok Leyland 12x12 high-mobility vehicle,
as seen during parade rehearsals.
 Development trials of Pralay are complete, and the Defence Ministry has approved its induction with
Acceptance of Necessity.
 In 2023, the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) approved procurement of Pralay and Nirbhay
missiles, enhancing India’s long-range conventional strike capability.
 A new derivative of Nirbhay, under development for over a decade, was recently flight-tested, with trials
ongoing.

Raksha Mantri Rajnath Singh flags-off ‘SANJAY - The Battlefield Surveillance System’ from New Delhi

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 Raksha Mantri Rajnath Singh flagged off SANJAY - The Battlefield Surveillance System (BSS) on
January 24, 2025, in New Delhi.
 SANJAY is an automated system integrating inputs from ground and aerial sensors to create a Common
Surveillance Picture over secure Army and Satellite Communication Networks.
 It enhances battlefield transparency, supports decision-making at Command and Army Headquarters,
and enables network-centric operations.
 Equipped with advanced sensors and analytics, it monitors borders, prevents intrusions, and improves
Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities.
 Indigenously developed by the Indian Army and Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) under the
Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative, with a project cost of ₹2,402 crore.
 The system will be deployed across all operational Brigades, Divisions, and Corps of the Indian Army in
three phases from March to October 2025.
 SANJAY marks a significant leap in data and network-centric warfare, aligning with the Ministry of
Defence’s ‘Year of Reforms’ and the Army’s ‘Year of Technology Absorption’.

In a first, a Tri-Services tableau to take part in Republic Day Parade 2025 with the theme ‘Shashakt
aur Surakshit Bharat’

 For the first time, a Tri-services tableau will feature in the 76th Republic Day Parade on January 26,
2025, showcasing the theme ‘Shashakt aur Surakshit Bharat’ to highlight jointness and integration in
the Armed Forces.
 The tableau depicts a Joint Operations Room and a battlefield scenario with synchronized land, water,
and air operations featuring indigenous platforms like the Arjun Main Battle Tank, Tejas MKII, Advanced
Light Helicopter, INS Visakhapatnam, and Remotely Piloted Aircraft, reflecting Aatmanirbharta in
defense.
 2025 has been declared the ‘Year of Reforms’ in the Ministry of Defence, emphasizing jointness and
integration as essential for enhancing combat potential in future conflicts.
 These efforts aim to build a culture of shared responsibility and unified action, enhancing India’s
military capabilities for contemporary and future challenges.

Indian Navy vessel finishes hydrographic survey of Mauritius

 INS Sarvekshak of the Indian Navy completed a hydrographic survey of Mauritius, covering over 25,000
square nautical miles.
 The fair sheet and nautical charts were handed over to Mauritius President Dharambeer Gokhool,
aiding maritime infrastructure and coastal development.
 This initiative highlights the strong India-Mauritius partnership in maritime development and regional
cooperation.
 Under India’s SAGAR initiative, Indian Navy ships have conducted joint surveys with friendly nations,
covering 89,000 sq. km. in five years and producing 96 charts.
Learn Along:
About Mission SAGAR
 SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region), launched in 2015, is India’s strategic vision for the Indian
Ocean Region (IOR).
 It aims to enhance economic and security cooperation with maritime neighbors and build their maritime security
capabilities.
 India seeks to safeguard its national interests while ensuring the IOR remains inclusive, collaborative, and
adheres to international law.
 SAGAR aligns with other Indian policies like Act East Policy, Project Sagarmala, Project Mausam, and focus on
the Blue Economy.
 It supports India’s role as a net security provider in the maritime domain.

INDIAN NAVY SET TO COMMISSION THREE FRONTLINE FLEET ASSETS NILGIRI, SURAT AND
VAGHSHEER

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 On 15 January 2025, the Indian Navy will commission three advanced combatants: Nilgiri (Project 17A
stealth frigate), Surat (Project 15B stealth destroyer), and Vaghsheer (Scorpene-class submarine) at
Naval Dockyard, Mumbai.
 These platforms, designed and constructed at Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL), showcase
India’s progress in indigenous shipbuilding and its position as a leader in defense manufacturing.
 Nilgiri, the lead ship of Project 17A, features stealth technology with reduced radar signatures, advanced
sensors, and capabilities for helicopter operations such as MH-60R.
 Surat, the final Project 15B destroyer, builds on the Kolkata-class destroyers, offering enhanced design,
advanced weaponry, and support for women officers and sailors.
 Vaghsheer, the sixth submarine of the Kalvari-class Project 75, is a silent, versatile platform for missions
like anti-surface and anti-submarine warfare, equipped with torpedoes, anti-ship missiles, and
advanced sonar.
 All three vessels underwent rigorous sea trials and are now fully operational, ready to bolster the Navy’s
combat readiness.
 This event underscores India’s achievements in defense self-reliance, aligning with the Aatmanirbhar
Bharat initiative, while significantly enhancing the Navy’s maritime strength.
 The commissioning symbolizes India’s commitment to building a robust, self-sufficient defense
ecosystem, marking a historic milestone for the nation.

Ministry of Defence declares 2025 as ‘Year of Reforms’

 Raksha Mantri Rajnath Singh chaired a meeting with Ministry of Defence (MoD) Secretaries, declaring
2025 as the ‘Year of Reforms’ to modernize the Armed Forces and enhance multi-domain combat
readiness.
 Key focus areas include Jointness & Integration initiatives, establishment of Integrated Theatre
Commands, and addressing emerging domains like Cyber, Space, AI, Machine Learning,
Hypersonics, and Robotics.
 Reforms aim to simplify and expedite acquisition procedures for faster capability development and foster
public-private partnerships through improved ease of doing business.
 Enhanced civil-military coordination, breaking silos, and promoting collaboration across stakeholders
in the defense sector are prioritized.
 India’s defense sector will be positioned as a global exporter, promoting R&D and partnerships with
Indian industries and foreign OEMs for technology transfer and resource integration.
 Welfare measures for veterans will be optimized, leveraging their expertise while instilling pride in Indian
culture and adopting suitable best practices from modern militaries.
 The initiative aims to build a technologically advanced and efficient defense ecosystem, ensuring
security and sovereignty amidst 21st-century challenges.
 The ‘Year of Reforms’ is expected to mark a significant milestone in India’s defense preparedness and
modernization journey.

Two Fast Patrol Vessels constructed by GSL for Indian Coast Guard launched in the presence of
Secretary (Defence Production) in Goa

 Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) launched two indigenously designed Fast Patrol Vessels (FPVs), Amulya
and Akshay, for the Indian Coast Guard (ICG) on January 5, 2025 in Goa.
 These FPVs are the third and fourth vessels of a fleet of eight being constructed under a ₹473 crore
contract, contributing to the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative with over 60% indigenous content.
 The 52-meter-long vessels, with a displacement of 320 tonnes, are equipped for roles like fisheries
protection, exclusive economic zone monitoring, anti-smuggling, anti-piracy, and search & rescue
operations.

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 The FPVs feature controllable pitch propellers, a first for Indian-built patrol vessels, and were
simultaneously launched using GSL’s advanced ship-lift system, showcasing the shipyard’s
modernisation.
 The project drives local economic growth, supporting MSMEs and local industries, while GSL has seen
a 100% revenue increase, crossing the ₹2,000 crore mark.

India, U.S. to jointly manufacture interoperable sonobuoys for Navy

 India and the U.S. have announced cooperation on co-producing U.S. sonobuoys to enhance Undersea
Domain Awareness (UDA), crucial for detecting submarines in deep seas.
 This partnership addresses concerns over the rapid expansion of Chinese naval presence in the Indian
Ocean Region.
 The collaboration involves Ultra Maritime (UM) and Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) under the iCET
initiative, focusing on advanced sonar technologies optimized for the Indian Ocean's unique conditions.
 Joint production of sonobuoys will follow U.S. Navy standards, with manufacturing shared between the
two nations and adhering to "Make in India" principles.
 The co-produced sonobuoys will ensure interoperability between the U.S., Indian, and allied forces,
benefiting platforms like the P-8, MH-60R, and MQ-9B Sea Guardian aircraft.
 India’s procurement of advanced U.S. platforms, including the P-8I patrol aircraft, MH-60R helicopters,
and MQ-9 drones, highlights the growing focus on UDA and strategic military cooperation within the Quad
framework.

INS TUSHIL COMPLETES ITS VISIT TO DAKAR, SENEGAL

 INS Tushil, the Indian Navy's guided missile stealth frigate, completed its inaugural visit to Dakar,
Senegal, strengthening bilateral ties.
 The visit included a Subject Matter Expert Exchange (SMEE), showcasing the Indian Navy's NISHAR -
MITRA terminal, and a joint Yoga session with Senegal's Navy.
 Around 150 visitors, including the Indian diaspora and locals, toured the ship, reflecting the Navy's
growing regional presence.
 A Passage Exercise (PASSEX) with Senegal's naval vessel PHM Niani emphasized regional security
cooperation and interoperability between the navies.

Anti-tank guided missile Nag Mk-2 tested successfully

 The DRDO announced the readiness of the indigenously developed Nag Mk-2, a third-generation fire-
and-forget anti-tank guided missile, for induction into the Army.
 Successful field evaluation trials were conducted recently at the Pokhran Field Range with the presence
of senior Army officers.
 The trials involved three test firings where the missile precisely destroyed all targets at both maximum
and minimum ranges.
 The tests validated the firing range and performance of the Nag Mk-2 system, confirming its operational
capabilities.
 The Nag Mk-2 missile system represents a significant advancement in India's indigenous defense
technology.
 With its successful trials, the system is now ready to bolster anti-tank capabilities in the Army.

LAUNCH OF ‘UTKARSH’, SECOND MULTI PURPOSE VESSEL

 The second Multi-Purpose Vessel (MPV) built by L&T Shipyard for the Indian Navy was launched on
13 Jan 2025 at L&T, Kattupalli, Chennai, in the presence of Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh
and senior naval officers.

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 The ship, named ‘Utkarsh’ (meaning Superior in Conduct), reflects its multi-dimensional roles,
including towing ships, launching and recovering targets, operating unmanned vehicles, and serving as a
trial platform for indigenous weapons and sensors.
 The 106-meter-long vessel is designed for a maximum speed of 15 knots and marks a significant step
in India's indigenous shipbuilding capabilities.
 The contract for two MPVs was signed between the Ministry of Defence and L&T Shipyard on 25 March
2022, highlighting collaboration with the private sector.
 This initiative supports the Indian Navy’s commitment to indigenous shipbuilding and aligns with the
Government of India’s Aatmanirbhar Bharat and Make in India objectives.

DRDO’s New Cold Weather Clothing System HIMKAVACH

 The DRDO has developed the HIMKAVACH, a multi-layer clothing system designed for soldiers
operating in extreme cold weather conditions, particularly in the Himalayan region.
 HIMKAVACH provides protection in temperatures ranging from +20°C to -60°C, ensuring thermal
insulation, mobility, and comfort during operations.
 HIMKAVACH is crucial for preventing hypothermia and frostbite, enhancing operational readiness in
harsh terrains like the Himalayas.
 The system’s success may lead to further innovations, including enhanced camouflage, integrated
communication systems, and sustainable materials.
Learn Along:
About DRDO
Formed: 1958 Headquarters: New Delhi Chairman: Sameer V. Kamat

DRDO holds key test for hypersonic missiles

 The DRDO successfully conducted India's first active cooled scramjet combustor ground test, a major
step in hypersonic munitions development.
 The test advances the creation of long-duration supersonic combustion scramjet-powered
hypersonic technology.
 Scramjets, key to hypersonic vehicles, are air-breathing engines that sustain combustion at supersonic
speeds.
 The test achieved successful ignition and stable combustion, highlighting potential operational use in
hypersonic vehicles.

Aatmanirbhar Bharat: Rs 1,561 crore contract inked with Heavy Vehicles Factory, AVNL for 47 T-72
Bridge Laying Tanks for Indian Army

 The Ministry of Defence (MoD) signed a ₹1,560.52 crore contract with Heavy Vehicles Factory (HVF)
for 47 Tank-72 Bridge Laying Tanks (BLT) for the Indian Army.
 The BLTs enhance battlefield mobility and offensive capability by launching bridges during operations.
 This procurement is a Buy (Indian-Indigenously Designed and Manufactured) initiative, promoting the
Make-in-India program in defence.
 The project will also boost the economy and create employment opportunities in India.
 The contract was signed in the presence of Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh on January 21,
2025.

Aatmanirbhar Bharat: MoD inks Rs 2,960 crore contract with BDL for Medium-Range Surface-to-Air
Missiles for Indian Navy
 The Ministry of Defence (MoD) signed a Rs 2,960 crore contract with Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)
for the supply of Medium-Range Surface-to-Air Missiles (MRSAM) for the Indian Navy.
 The MRSAM system will be a standard fit on multiple Indian Naval Ships, including future acquisitions,
enhancing India's defence capabilities.

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 This initiative aligns with ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’, as the missiles will be produced under the ‘Buy (Indian)’
category with significant indigenous content.
 The project will generate approximately 3.5 lakh mandays of employment in the defence industry,
benefiting MSMEs and promoting local manufacturing.
 The contract signing, attended by Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh on January 16, 2025, marks
a milestone in indigenising advanced military technology.
 It underscores India’s commitment to strengthening self-reliance in defence and supporting its naval forces
with advanced systems.

Nine Navies hold joint drills in strategic straits between Indian Ocean and the Pacific

 Nine Indo-Pacific navies, including India, are participating in the multilateral La Perouse exercise hosted
by France from January 16-24 in the strategic Malacca, Sunda, and Lombok straits.
 The Indian Navy has deployed its guided-missile destroyer INS Mumbai, with the exercise led by the
French Carrier Strike Group headed by Charles de Gaulle.
 These straits are critical choke points for global trade and are under increased focus due to rising Chinese
Navy activities.
 The exercise aims to strengthen maritime safety, interoperability, and collective action in maritime
crises, addressing risks like accidents, environmental hazards, and trafficking.
 Participating nations include Australia, Canada, France, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, the
U.K., and the U.S.

Govt launches app to promote battlefield tourism in India

 The Bharat Ranbhoomi Darshan app, launched by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, promotes
battlefield tourism in India.
 Developed collaboratively by the Defence Ministry and Tourism Ministry, the app highlights 77
historical battlefields, including Siachen, Longewalan, Galwan, Rezang La, and Doklam.
 It provides users with virtual tours and multimedia content, enhancing knowledge about iconic military
sites.
 The app also offers travel details for physical visits, including necessary permits for restricted areas.
 This initiative integrates military heritage with tourism, contributing to the Incredible India Campaign.
 By boosting tourism in border areas, the app promotes economic growth and local services like guided
tours.
 It seeks to increase public awareness of the sacrifices of the Indian Armed Forces over time.

Submarine, 2 warships commissioned in one go

 The Navy will achieve a historic milestone on January 15 by commissioning three advanced combatants
at the Naval Dockyard in Mumbai: Nilgiri (first Project 17A stealth frigate), Surat (final Project 15B stealth
destroyer), and Vagsheer (sixth Scorpene-class submarine).
 These platforms, designed and built by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL), highlight India's
growing capabilities in indigenous defence production and commitment to self-reliance.
 Nilgiri features enhanced stealth technology, advanced weapon systems, and is equipped for multi-role
operations, including helicopter deployment.
 Surat offers advanced sensors, cutting-edge design, and improved capabilities over earlier destroyers,
reflecting Indian Navy’s expertise in warship design.
 Vagsheer, a quiet and versatile submarine, is armed with wire-guided torpedoes and anti-ship
missiles, capable of anti-surface, anti-submarine, and special operations, with provisions for future
upgrades like Air Independent Propulsion (AIP).

INDIAN NAVAL SHIP MUMBAI TO PARTICIPATE IN MULTI-NATIONAL EXERCISE LA PEROUSE

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 The indigenously designed INS Mumbai is participating in the fourth edition of Multinational Exercise
LA PEROUSE, involving navies from Australia, France, UK, USA, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore,
and Canada.
 The exercise focuses on maritime situational awareness, cooperation in surveillance, interdiction, air
operations, and progressive training to enhance tactical interoperability.
 It includes complex multi-domain exercises like surface warfare, anti-air warfare, air defense, tactical
maneuvers, and VBSS (Visit, Board, Search, and Seizure) operations.
 The exercise strengthens synergy, coordination, and interoperability among like-minded navies
committed to a rules-based international maritime order.
 India’s participation aligns with its SAGAR vision (Security and Growth for All in the Region), promoting
collaboration for a safer and secure Indo-Pacific Region.
 The exercise demonstrates India's focus on fostering maritime cooperation and maintaining regional
security.
EVENTS
National Science Drama Festival 2024 -25

 The National Science Drama Festival 2024-25, organized by the National Council of Science
Museums (NCSM), will take place on 18th January 2025 at the National Science Centre, Delhi.
 The festival involves over 40,000 students from 28 States and 8 Union Territories, showcasing science-
themed dramas on topics like Artificial Intelligence, Climate Change, Water Conservation, and
medical breakthroughs.
 The festival highlights the integration of science with literature and creative arts, promoting cross-
curricular learning, critical thinking, and combating misinformation and superstitions.
 Drama has been adopted by NCSM as an innovative tool to convey scientific concepts, making science
communication engaging and interactive through collaborations with theatre professionals.
 As in previous editions, this year’s event is expected to see enthusiastic participation, vibrant
performances, and compelling science-based plays by talented students.

Lokpal of India celebrates 1st Foundation Day on 16th January

 The Foundation Day of the Lokpal of India was celebrated for the first time on 16th January 2025 at
the Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi, marking the establishment of the Lokpal under the Lokpal and
Lokayuktas Act, 2013.
 Anna Hazare was felicitated for his role in leading anti-corruption movements, with the Lokpal recognized
as a milestone in ensuring responsible governance and upholding citizens’ rights.
 The event included documentaries showcasing the journey and evolution of the Lokpal and its mission
for a corruption-free Bharat, concluding with a vote of thanks and the National Anthem.
 The Chief Justice emphasized the need for public trust, citizen engagement in reporting corruption, and
collaboration between agencies like the CVC and judiciary for effective governance.

Flamingo Festival concludes in A.P.

 The three-day Flamingo Festival in Andhra Pradesh concluded with calls to protect the biodiversity of
Pulicat Lake and Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary.
 The festival attracted a large number of tourists from Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
 Bird watchers and photographers were particularly drawn to the event, enjoying the natural beauty and
wildlife.
 The focus of the festival included promoting awareness about conserving local biodiversity.
 The event highlighted the importance of Pulicat Lake and Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary as key ecological
zones.
Learn Along:
About Andhra Pradesh
Capital: Amaravati Chief minister: N. Chandrababu Naidu Governor: Syed Abdul Nazeer

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Livestock Conclave in Shillong on 23rd January 2025

 The Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying organized a conclave on “Holistic Development of
Livestock Sector in North East India” in Shillong, Meghalaya, on 23-24 January 2025.
 The event was inaugurated by Union Minister Rajiv Ranjan Singh, with participation from senior
ministers, including Meghalaya CM Conrad K. Sangma, and stakeholders from the North East Region
(NER).
 Several projects were launched, and MOUs signed to promote investment in the livestock sector in
NER, aiming for value chain strengthening, technological interventions, and policy support.
 The conclave focused on flagship schemes like AHIDF, NLM, RGM, and NPDD, targeting sustainable
livestock practices and inclusive farming aligned with the One Health approach.
 It provided a platform for knowledge sharing, capacity building, and discussing strategies to address
challenges and boost growth in livestock and poultry.
 Key participants included policymakers, researchers, farmers, entrepreneurs, NGOs, and industry leaders
to shape policy and guide investments for the region's sustainable growth.

The Art of India 2025’

 Dr. Jitendra Singh inaugurated the Art of India 2025 exhibition at India Habitat Centre, celebrating a
blend of traditional ethos and modern technology in Indian art.
 The fourth edition showcased over 250 artworks by masters like Raja Ravi Varma, M.F. Husain, and
S.H. Raza, alongside emerging and indigenous artists, highlighting India’s artistic evolution.
 Dr. Jitendra Singh emphasized the role of art in fostering inclusivity, national pride, and cultural
heritage, noting its ability to unite and inspire during times of change.
 This year’s theme celebrated Indian Masters, Contemporaries, and Folk Art, encapsulating hope,
peace, and inclusivity while balancing India’s timeless roots with its modern ascent.
 The exhibition featured contributions from over 500 artists and galleries, positioning it as a marquee
event that reconnects people with India’s artistic and cultural legacy.

Entrepreneurship Development Conclave 2025

 The Entrepreneurship Development Conclave 2025, themed “Empowering Entrepreneurs

Transforming Livestock Economics,” was held in Pune and inaugurated by Union Minister Shri Rajiv
Ranjan Singh along with other dignitaries.
 40 projects were launched under the National Livestock Mission (NLM) and Animal Husbandry
Infrastructure Development Fund (AHIDF), and top-performing states and banks were felicitated for
their contributions.
 Two compendiums showcasing success stories, the NLM Operational Guidelines 2.0, and a Monitoring
Dashboard were unveiled; January 14 to February 13 was declared "Animal Husbandry and Animal
Welfare Month" for awareness campaigns.
 Minister Rajiv Ranjan Singh highlighted the economic importance of animal husbandry, the FMD Mukt
Bharat initiative with nine FMD-free zones, and expanded funding for the AHIDF, supporting projects worth
₹10,356.90 crore.
 The NLM-EDP scheme, launched in 2021, offers 50% capital subsidy up to ₹50 lakhs, with 3,010
projects worth ₹2,182.52 crore approved, supporting genetic development, feed, and livestock insurance.
 The conclave featured two technical sessions on livestock entrepreneurship, processing, and credit
facilitation, focusing on investment opportunities and the role of banks and MSMEs in the livestock sector.

World Economic Forum 2025

 The 55th World Economic Forum (WEF) Annual Meeting in Davos from January 20-24, 2025, will
highlight India's advancements in AI, renewable energy, and global partnerships, aligning with the
theme "Collaboration for the Intelligent Age."

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 India will focus on five key areas: Reimagining growth, Investing in People, Rebuilding trust,
Industries in the Intelligent Age, and Safeguarding the Planet, emphasizing sustainable innovation
and global collaboration.
 A high-level Indian delegation, led by key ministers including Shri Ashwini Vaishnaw and representatives
from six states, will present India’s unified vision of growth and investment opportunities.
 India’s Pavilion at WEF will showcase industrial advancements, technology leadership, and
investment opportunities, supported by DPIIT and other ministries.
 Sessions like ‘AI and FDI: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Investment’ will highlight
India’s approach to fostering sustainable and inclusive investments.
 India has surpassed $1 trillion in FDI inflows since April 2000, with a 26% growth in FDI reaching $42.1
billion in the first half of the fiscal year, showcasing its appeal as a global investment destination.
 Over 65 Indian business representatives will attend, with Indian companies setting up Lounges to
showcase their offerings, further reinforcing India’s global leadership and economic transformation.

28TH CSPOC TO BE HELD IN INDIA NEXT YEAR TO FOCUS ON APPLICATION OF AI AND SOCIAL
MEDIA IN WORKING OF PARLIAMENTS

 Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla announced that the 28th Conference of Speakers and Presiding Officers
of Commonwealth Countries (CSPOC), to be held in India in 2026, will focus on AI and social media
in parliamentary work.
 He highlighted India's becoming the fifth-largest economy and third-largest startup ecosystem, with
advancements in agriculture, fintech, AI, and innovation.
 The conference aims to make parliaments more effective, inclusive, and transparent, addressing global
issues like climate change, terrorism, and cybercrime, while promoting sustainable development and
good governance.
 Discussions included finalizing the agenda for the 2026 CSPOC and addressing systemic challenges
faced by parliaments worldwide, while inviting global leaders to experience India's heritage and progress.

8th Edition of the Indusfood 2025

 Chirag Paswan, Union Minister of Food Processing Industries, will inaugurate the 8th Edition of
Indusfood 2025 on 8th January 2025 at India Exposition Mart Ltd, Greater Noida.
 Indusfood 2025, organized by the Trade Promotion Council of India with support from the Department
of Commerce, is Asia’s premier annual F&B trade exhibition, marking its debut as a farm-to-fork trade
show.
 Concurrent events include Indusfood Manufacturing (food processing and packaging technology) and
Indusfood Agritech (agricultural and fisheries technology), held in Delhi from 9-11 January 2025.
 The event fosters synergies across the farm-to-fork chain, offering networking, business opportunities, and
knowledge-sharing sessions to address the evolving global F&B market.
 Hosting the Asia President’s Forum for the first time in India, the event will welcome 30+ presidents of
national chef associations and conduct two mega summits on food manufacturing and agritech sectors.
 Indusfood 2025 aims to bridge gaps between farmers, technology providers, and markets, enhancing
farmer incomes and driving sustainable growth in the F&B sector.

Grameen Bharat Mahotsav 2025

 Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Grameen Bharat Mahotsav 2025 on 4th January at
Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.
 The Mahotsav, held from 4th to 9th January, celebrates Rural India's entrepreneurial spirit with the
theme 'Building a Resilient Rural India for a Viksit Bharat 2047' and motto "ग ांव बढ़े , तो द़े श बढ़े ".
 It focuses on enhancing rural infrastructure, fostering self-reliant economies, and promoting financial
security, especially in North-East India.
 The event emphasizes women's empowerment through entrepreneurship and leveraging
technology and innovative practices to improve rural livelihoods.

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 Activities include discussions, workshops, and masterclasses, bringing together stakeholders to

create a roadmap for rural transformation.
 India's cultural heritage will be showcased through performances and exhibitions, highlighting rural
artisans' contributions.

World Book Fair 2025

 The New Delhi World Book Fair 2025 will be held from February 1 to 9, 2025, at Bharat Mandapam,
Pragati Maidan, organized by National Book Trust, India, under the Ministry of Education, in
partnership with the India Trade Promotion Organisation.
 The event's theme, "Republic@75", celebrates 75 years of India as a republic, focusing on the vision
of Viksit Bharat by 2047, with the slogan "We the People of India".
 International Participation will feature global publishers, authors, and cultural exchanges, alongside
highlights like the YUVA corner for young authors and Author’s Corner for established writers.
 Children’s Pavilion will offer storytelling sessions and workshops for young readers, promoting
engagement and learning.
 The event includes book launches, thematic exhibitions, cultural programs, and panel discussions
on India's literary and republican legacy.

Third edition of ‘Sunderban Bird Festival’

 The third Sundarban Bird Festival held from January 22 to 26 at Sajnekhali, focusing on bird
conservation, knowledge sharing, and recording bird occurrence and habitat in the Sundarbans.
 The event highlighted the Sundarbans' significance as it lies at the junction of the Central Asian and
East Eurasian Flyways, critical for bird migration, foraging, and breeding.
 The Sundarban Tiger Reserve (STR) and South 24-Parganas Division, under West Bengal's Wildlife
Wing, organized the festival.
 The second edition recorded 145 species and 8,776 birds, including rare migratory species like the
Eurasian Oystercatcher and Nordmann’s Greenshank, one of the most endangered shorebirds.
 The Central Asian Flyway is the world's second-most important resting place for birds, with 10 of 20
globally prioritized species found in the Sundarbans.
 National Park West recorded the most species sightings (75) in the previous edition, followed by the
Basirhat range (70).

National Tribal Health Conclave 2025

 The Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA), in collaboration with MoH&FW, organized the National Tribal
Health Conclave 2025 under the DhartiAabaJanjatiya Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan to address critical health
challenges in tribal communities.
 A National Level Training of Trainers (ToT) for Sickle Cell Anaemia awareness and counseling
followed, aligning with the National Sickle Cell Elimination Mission targeting eradication by 2047.
 Initiatives include the establishment of the Bhagwan Birsa Munda Chair of Tribal Health and
Haematology at AIIMS Delhi for research, and 15 Centres of Competence (CoCs) for advanced
diagnosis of sickle cell anemia across 14 states.
 The conclave emphasized a collaborative approach with stakeholders such as MoAYUSH, NHM, AIIMS,
ICMR, UN agencies, and NGOs, focusing on effective healthcare delivery for tribal populations.
 Discussions identified policy priorities, innovative delivery models, and culturally appropriate strategies
to improve healthcare access and outcomes for tribal regions.
 Efforts aim to strengthen healthcare through capacity building, community engagement, and
monitoring mechanisms while developing an actionable plan for tribal health.

Utkarsh Odisha' - Make in Odisha Conclave 2025

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 PM Narendra Modi inaugurated the Utkarsh Odisha – Make in Odisha Conclave 2025 and Make in
Odisha Exhibition in Bhubaneswar, highlighting Odisha’s role as an emerging industrial and
investment hub.
 He emphasized Eastern India's historical significance in global trade, particularly Odisha’s strategic
ports and connection to South East Asia, with ASEAN nations showing renewed interest in
strengthening ties.
 Odisha is becoming a leader in food processing, petrochemicals, IT, textiles, tourism, mining, and
green energy, with policies promoting hydrogen energy and solar power missions.
 Odisha has immense tourism potential, with 500 km of coastline, 33% forest cover, and historic
sites, supporting initiatives like "Wed in India" and "Heal in India".
 India’s concert economy is growing, with major global artists performing in India, boosting tourism and
job creation, and Odisha can leverage this trend.
Learn Along:
About Odisha
Chief minister: Mohan Charan Majhi Capital: Bhubaneswar Governor: Hari Babu Kambhampati

AWARDS AND REWARDS

Republic Day Parade 2025: Uttar Pradesh wins best tableau award

 India celebrated Republic Day with tableaux from various states and military contingents marching
down Kartavya Path in a grand parade.
 Uttar Pradesh won first place for its Mahakumbh 2025-themed tableau, followed by Tripura (Kharchi
Puja) in second place and Andhra Pradesh (Eco-Friendly Etikoppaka Wooden Toys) in third place.
 In the Popular Choice category, Gujarat’s tableau was the winner, followed by Uttar Pradesh and
Uttarakhand in second and third places, respectively.
 Jammu & Kashmir Rifles won Best Marching Contingent among Services, while Delhi Police won
among CAPFs/auxiliary forces.
 The Ministry of Tribal Affairs' tableau on Janjatiya Gaurav Varsh won Best Central
Ministry/Department Tableau, with CPWD receiving a special prize.
 The parade also showcased advanced defence systems such as BrahMos, Pinaka, Akash, Sanjay
(battle surveillance system), and Pralay (surface-to-surface missile).
 T-90 "Bhishma" tanks, BMP-II Sarath vehicles, Agnibaan rocket system, and Bajrang light
specialist vehicles were also featured in the parade.

Padma Awards 2025

 Padma Awards, among India's highest civilian honors, are conferred in three categories: Padma
Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri.
 These awards recognize distinguished contributions in fields like art, social work, public affairs, science,
medicine, literature, sports, and civil service.
 Padma Vibhushan is for exceptional service, Padma Bhushan for high-order service, and Padma Shri
for distinguished service in any field.
 The awards are announced on Republic Day and conferred by the President of India in ceremonies at
Rashtrapati Bhawan around March/April.
 For 2025, 139 Padma Awards have been approved, including 7 Padma Vibhushan, 19 Padma
Bhushan, and 113 Padma Shri.
 The list includes 23 women, 10 Foreigners/NRI/PIO/OCI, and 13 posthumous awardees.
Padma Vibhushan(7)

SN Name Field State/Country

1 Shri Duvvur Nageshwar Reddy Medicine Telangana

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2 Justice (Retd.) Shri Jagdish Singh Khehar Public Affairs Chandigarh

3 Smt. Kumudini Rajnikant Lakhia Art Gujarat
4 Shri Lakshminarayana Subramaniam Art Karnataka
5 Shri M. T. Vasudevan Nair (Posthumous) Literature and Education Kerala
6 Shri Osamu Suzuki (Posthumous) Trade and Industry Japan
7 Smt. Sharda Sinha (Posthumous) Art Bihar

Padma Bhushan(19)

SN Name Field State/Country

Literature and Education-
1 Shri A Surya Prakash Karnataka
Journalism
2 Shri Anant Nag Art Karnataka

3 Shri Bibek Debroy (Posthumous) Literature and Education NCT Delhi

4 Shri Jatin Goswami Art Assam

5 Shri Jose Chacko Periappuram Medicine Kerala

6 Shri Kailash Nath Dikshit Others-Archaeology NCT Delhi

Shri Manohar Joshi
7 Public Affairs Maharashtra
(Posthumous)
8 Shri Nalli Kuppuswami Chetti Trade and Industry Tamil Nadu
9 Shri Nandamuri Balakrishna Art Andhra Pradesh
10 Shri P R Sreejesh Sports Kerala
11 Shri Pankaj Patel Trade and Industry Gujarat
Shri Pankaj Udhas
12 Art Maharashtra
(Posthumous)
Literature and Education-
13 Shri Rambahadur Rai Uttar Pradesh
Journalism
14 Sadhvi Ritambhara Social Work Uttar Pradesh
15 Shri S Ajith Kumar Art Tamil Nadu
16 Shri Shekhar Kapur Art Maharashtra
17 Ms. Shobana Chandrakumar Art Tamil Nadu
Shri Sushil Kumar Modi
18 Public Affairs Bihar
(Posthumous)
United States of
19 Shri Vinod Dham Science and Engineering
America

Two Kirti Chakras, 14 Shaurya Chakras in 93 Gallantry Awards

 The awards include 67 Sena Medals (7 posthumous), 2 Nao Sena Medals, and 8 Vayu Sena Medals,
with a total of 11 posthumous awards.

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 Major Manjit Kumar and Naik Dilwar Khan (posthumously) were awarded the Kirti Chakra for
exemplary courage in counter-terrorist operations in Jammu and Kashmir.
 The President also approved 305 defence decorations, including 30 Param Vishisht Seva Medals, 57
Ati Vishisht Seva Medals, and 136 Vishisht Seva Medals.
 58 Mentioned-in-Despatches were approved, including 55 from the Army for operations like Rakshak,
Snow Leopard, and Hifazat, and 3 for the Air Force in Operation Sankalp.
 Major Manjit eliminated a terrorist during a Sopore operation while rescuing civilians, showing exceptional
leadership and gallantry.
 Naik Dilwar Khan, during an ambush in Kupwara, engaged in hand-to-hand combat, eliminating a terrorist
despite being grievously injured, and was awarded the Kirti Chakra (Posthumous).

KIRTI CHAKRA

SN Name and Service Details Force

1 IC-83449Y Major Manjit, Punjab, 22 RR Army
2 15240290F Naik Dilwar Khan, Arty, 28 RR (Posthumous) Army

SHAURYA CHAKRA

SN Name and Service Details Force

1 IC-81258L Major Ashish Dahiya, Engrs, 50 RR Army

2 IC-82035A Major Kunal, ASC, 1 RR Army
3 IC-83753H Major Satender Dhankar, Armd, 4 RR Army
4 IC-85773P Captain Deepak Singh, Sigs, 48 RR (Posthumous) Army
5 AR-446P Assistant Commandant Eshenthung Kikon, 4 Assam Rifle Army
6 JC-414610L Subedar Vikas Tomar, 1 PARA (SF) Army
7 JC-492279P Subedar Mohan Ram, 20 JAT Army
8 20002941F Havildar Rohit Kumar, Dogra, HAWS (Posthumous) Army
9 5852332P Havildar Prakash Tamang, 9 GR, 32 RR Army
10 Flight Lieutenant Aman Singh Hans (36412), Flying (Pilot) Air Force
11 Corporal Dabhi Sanjay Hiffabai Essa (953327) Air Force
12 EXGS-178067A OEM Gde-1 Late Vijayan Kutty G (Posthumous) BRDB
13 Shri Vikrant Kumar, Deputy Commandant, CRPF MHA
14 Shri Jeffrey Hmingchullo, Inspector (GD), CRPF MHA

Topic Key Update Significance

Uttar Pradesh won Best Tableau Recognizes artistic and
Republic Day Parade 2025
(Mahakumbh 2025), followed by cultural representation in
Awards
Tripura & Andhra Pradesh Republic Day celebrations
Anuja nominated for Best Indian short film "Anuja" nominated Highlights India's global
Live Action Short Film at for Best Live Action Short Film at presence in cinema,
2025 Oscars the 97th Academy Awards addressing child labor issues

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January 2025

Topic Key Update Significance

Recognized for tsunami early
SC Bose Aapda Prabandhan INCOIS awarded for excellence in
warning and ocean
Puraskar 2025 to INCOIS disaster management
information services
City Union Bank won seven awards Recognizes innovation in
CUB wins seven IBA Banking
at IBA's Banking Tech Awards for banking technology and
Tech Awards
the second year digital transformation
Doordarshan awarded for voter
Doordarshan wins ECI Media Promotes responsible voting
awareness campaign during Lok
Award through media outreach
Sabha Elections 2024
Honored for contributions to Jammu Acknowledges leadership in
LG Manoj Sinha receives
& Kashmir's peace and regional governance and
Maharaja Hari Singh Award
development cultural preservation
"The Brutalist" won Best Movie
Recognizes cinematic
Golden Globes 2025 Winners Drama, "Emilia Perez" won Best
excellence in global cinema
Movie Musical/Comedy
Lionel Messi awarded Recognizes his influence in
Messi honored by US President Joe
Presidential Medal of sports, philanthropy, and
Biden for global contributions
Freedom education
Recognizes outstanding
Biden awards Presidential 19 individuals, including Hillary
contributions across multiple
Medal of Freedom 2025 Clinton & Lionel Messi, honored
domains
Sai Paranjpye honored with Acknowledges her
Veteran filmmaker awarded at
Padmapani Lifetime contributions to Indian
Ajanta-Ellora Film Festival
Achievement Award cinema and literature
Recognizes literary
Prativa Satpathy to receive Odia poet awarded for excellence in
contributions and cultural
Gangadhar National Award poetry
impact
Carnatic musician awarded for Recognizes achievements in
T.M. Krishna honored with
contributions to Indian classical music and cultural
Sangita Kalanidhi Award
music preservation
Highlights advancements in
Bharat Biotech co-founder Krishna Ella recognized for
vaccine development and
awarded INSA Fellowship contributions to biotechnology
industry leadership
Kappad, Chal beaches Kerala's Kappad & Chal beaches Promotes sustainable tourism
receive Blue Flag awarded international eco- and environmental
certification certification conservation
Recognizes her impact on
Aparna Sen honored with Awarded at WBFJA for
Bengali and Indian
Lifetime Achievement Award contributions to Indian cinema
filmmaking
Highlights India's role in
Gates-Cambridge Impact Prof. Urbasi Sinha awarded for
advanced research and
Prize 2025 contributions to quantum computing
technology
Recognizes contributions to
Tarun Das awarded Former CII DG honored with
India-Singapore economic
Singapore’s highest honor Honorary Citizen Award
ties
All We Imagine As Light Payal Kapadia’s film nominated for Highlights Indian cinema's
nominated for BAFTA Best Non-English Language Film presence in global awards
Acknowledges excellence in
Mridangist TV Recognized for contributions to
mridangam and Carnatic
Gopalakrishnan honored Indian classical music
traditions

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January 2025

Topic Key Update Significance

with RK Srikantan Trust
Award

APPOINTMENTS
Organization Name News Learn Along

International Indian astronaut Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla will pilot the Launch date:
Space Station NASA’s Axiom-4 mission to the International Space Station (ISS). 20 November
He is among the four astronaut-designates for India’s Gaganyaan 1998
mission.
This mission will make him the first Indian astronaut to visit the ISS.
The launch will take place from Kennedy Space Center, Florida.
FICCI Frames FICCI Frames, India’s premier global media and entertainment convention, Inaugurated:
is gearing up to celebrate its 25th anniversary this year. This significant 1999
milestone in the history of the event marks a special moment for the media
and entertainment industry, and in recognition of this achievement,
renowned Bollywood actor Ayushmann Khurrana has been appointed as
the brand ambassador for this year’s edition of FICCI Frames.
Border Security Mahesh Kumar Aggarwal, a 1994-batch Indian Police Service (IPS) officer Headquarters
Force from the Tamil Nadu cadre, has been appointed as the Additional Director : New Delhi
General (ADG) of the Border Security Force (BSF). He will serve in this Founded:
capacity for four years from the date he assumes charge or until further 1 December
orders, whichever is earlier. 1965
Institute of The Institute of Comapny Secretaries of India (ICSI) has elected Founded:
Comapny Dhananjay Shukla as the president for 2025. 4 October
Secretaries of On the other hand, Pawan G Chandak has been appointed as the vice 1968
India president for this, and he has a specialisation in labour laws and labour
welfare. He is also the vice president of the ICSI for the year 2024.
Reliance Power Reliance Power Limited has appointed Neeraj Parakh as its Executive Founded:
Limited Director and Chief Executive Officer (CEO), effective January 20, 2025, 17 January
for a tenure of three years, subject to shareholder approval. 1995
Zurich Kotak Alok Kumar Agarwal has been appointed as the CEO and Managing ---
General Insurance Director of Zurich Kotak General Insurance, effective January 1, 2025.
With 22 years of experience at ICICI Lombard, where he held key
leadership positions Agarwal brings extensive expertise in corporate, and
government insurance sectors.
India India has named Jitendra Pal Singh — currently the point-person for Capital:
Iran and Pakistan as well as the Special Envoy to Afghanistan — as its New Delhi
next Ambassador to Israel.
He assisted External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar as the Joint Secretary
in the Minister’s office, and has also headed the important Iran-Pakistan-
Afghanistan (IPA) desk at the MEA.
Bharti AXA Life In June 2024, Akhil Gupta, Vice Chairman of Bharti Enterprises, was ---
Insurance appointed as the Chairman of Bharti AXA Life Insurance.
Indian Space The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has appointed M. Headquarters
Research Mohan Director of its Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) in : Bengaluru
Organisation Thiruvananthapuram. He succeeds V. Narayanan, who took over as the Founded:
ISRO Chairman earlier this month. Mr. Mohan is currently Director 15 August
(Projects) at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC). 1969
Bureau of Civil The Central Government has appointed Amrit Mohan Prasad, the Founded:
Aviation Security Director General (DG) of Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB), to hold the January 1978
additional charge as the Director General (DG) of the Bureau of Civil
Aviation Security (BCAS). The appointment is set for six months, starting
from November 1, 2024, or until the regular incumbent joins, whichever
comes first.

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January 2025

IDBI Bank  IDBI Bank’s Board approved the re-appointment of Rakesh Sharma as Founded:
MD & CEO for three years from March 19, 2025, following RBI’s 1 July 1964
approval. Headquarters
 He has led IDBI Bank since October 2018 and previously served as MD : Mumbai
& CEO of Canara Bank (2015-2018) before his retirement.
Zoho Corporation Zoho Corporation, a leading cloud software startup, has announced a ---
significant leadership change.CEO Sridhar Vembu stepped down as the
company’s CEO and took on the role of Chief Scientist, focusing on
research and development. In his place, Shailesh Kumar Davey, a co-
founder of Zoho Corp, has been appointed as the new group CEO.
UIDAI Bhuvnesh Kumar took charge as the Chief Executive Officer of the Launched:
Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), which administers 28 January
Aadhaar. 2009
Indian Air Force Air Marshal Jeetendra Mishra assumed command of the Indian Air ---
Force's Western Air Command on January 1, 2025, succeeding Air
Marshal Pankaj Mohan Sinha.
Nasscom Nasscom foundation announced the appointment of Jyoti Sharma as its Founded:
new CEO, effective immediately. Succeeding Nidhi Bhasin, Jyoti Sharma 1 March 1988
brings over 20 years of experience in driving social impact and leading
program development, resource mobilisation, and stakeholder
engagement, company statement said.
Directorate Senior IAS officer Faiz Ahmed Kidwai is the new Director-General (D-G) --
General of Civil of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA).
Aviation Currently an additional secretary in the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’
Welfare, Mr. Kidwai is a 1996-batch IAS officer of Madhya Pradesh cadre.
ISRO V. Narayanan has been appointed the new Space Secretary. Dr. Founded:
Narayanan, who is currently the Director of Liquid Propulsion Systems 15 August
Centre (LPSC), will be the new Chairman of the Indian Space Research 1969
Organisation (ISRO), and he will take over from S. Somanath on January Headquarters
14. : Bengaluru
National The government has nominated State Bank of India Chairman CS Setty ---
Investment and and Uday Kotak, founder and director, Kotak Mahindra Bank, as
Infrastructure governing council members of the National Investment and Infrastructure
Fund Trustee Ltd Fund Trustee Ltd (NIIFTL). Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman is the
chairperson of the six member council and secretaries of department of
economic affairs and financial services are the other members.
Athletics Asian gold medalist shot-putter and Padma Shri Bahadur Singh Sagoo Founded:
Federation of India was elected as the new president of the Athletics Federation of India 1946
(AFI) on the opening day of its two-day Annual General Meeting in
Chandigarh.
Board of Control Devajit Saikia’s and Prabhtej Singh Bhatia’s uncontested election as the Headquarters:
for Cricket in India secretary and treasurer, respectively, of the Board of Control for Cricket Mumbai
in India (BCCI) was formalised during the BCCI’s Special General Meeting Founded:
(SGM). December
1928
Athletics Anju Bobby George, a 2003 World Championships bronze medalist, has Founded:
Federation of been named chairperson of the Athletics Federation of India’s (AFI) 1946
India’s Athletes Commission, which includes six women and Neeraj Chopra as its Headquarters:
most prominent male member. The nine-member panel features prominent New Delhi,
retired athletes like Jyotirmoyee Sikdar, Krishna Poonia, and Sudha India
Singh, reflecting the AFI’s commitment to gender parity.
Equal Equal, an identity verification and data-sharing startup founded by GVK ---
scion Keshav Reddy, has set up an advisory board led by retired
Supreme Court judge justice BN Srikrishna to steer its efforts in ethical
data-sharing practices. The board also includes former RBI deputy
governors Jagdish Capoor, Rakesh Mohan and Anand Sinha. Former UIDAI
chairman J Satyanarayana, former MeitY secretary Ajay Prakash Sawhney,
founding CEO of NCDEX PH Ravikumar, HR expert Anitha Ramachandran

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January 2025

and fintech expert and adviser Sunil Kulkarni have also been named as
board members.
Ministry of Finance The current Finance Secretary,Tuhin Kanta Pandey, took charge as the ---
Secretary, Department of Revenue (DoR), Ministry of Finance.
Reserve Bank of The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has reassigned M. Rajeshwar Rao to Founded:
India oversee the monetary policy and economic research departments, 1 April 1935
following the end of Michael Patra's term on January 15.
 Michael Patra, one of the four RBI deputy governors, had managed key
areas such as monetary policy and financial market operations during
his tenure.
 Rajeshwar Rao will temporarily join the monetary policy committee
(MPC), including the February policy meeting, until a successor for Patra
is appointed.
BCCI Former Supreme Court judge Justice Arun Mishra has been appointed as President:
the Ombudsman and Ethics Officer of the BCCI, adding a notable Roger Binny
milestone to his distinguished career. With extensive legal expertise and
leadership experience, he is well-equipped to oversee ethical practices and Headquarters
resolve disputes. : Mumbai
Founded:
December
1928

Manipur Vineet Joshi assumed charge as Secretary, Department of Higher Capital:

Education, New Delhi. Following his assumption of office, Vineet Joshi Imphal
interacted with senior officials of the Ministry. Before this appointment, he
served as the Chief Secretary of Manipur.
Central Reserve Assam police chief Gyanendra Pratap Singh has been appointed Headquarters
Police Force Director-General of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF. : New Delhi
The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet has approved Gyanendra Founded:
Pratap Singh’s appointment as the CRPF D-G till the date of his 27 July 1939
superannuation on November 30, 2027.
Prime Ministers’ The Union government has reconstituted the society and executive ---
Museum and council of the Prime Ministers’ Museum and Library (PMML),
Library increasing members from 29 to 34.
Nripendra Mishra continues as chairperson, joined by new members like
Smriti Irani, Rajiv Kumar, Syed Ata Hasnain, Shekhar Kapur, and
Vasudev Kamath.
Other notable additions include Sanjeev Sanyal, Chamu Krishna
Shastry, archaeologists K.K. Mohammad and B.R. Mani, and lyricist
Prasoon Joshi.
The museum, renamed from Nehru Memorial Museum and Library
Society in 2023, now highlights the contributions of all Prime Ministers
to nation-building.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi serves as president of the society, with
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh as vice president.

IMPORTANT DAYS
Day/Week Observance Significance
4 January World Braille Day World Braille Day, observed on January 4th, commemorates the
birthday of Louis Braille, the visionary who developed a tactile script
that revolutionized communication for blind and partially sighted
individuals. Celebrated globally since 2019, this day highlights the
significance of Braille in empowering visually impaired
individuals to access education, information, and opportunities,
fostering their full participation in society.

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January 2025

9th January Pravasi Bharatiya Divas The Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) celebrated once in two years on 9th
January is a significant event that honors the contributions of the Indian
diaspora to their homeland. The Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) Convention
was first established in 2003 under the government of then Prime Minister
Late Atal Bihari Vajpayee, as a platform to recognize and engage with the
overseas Indian community.
The 18th PBD Convention is scheduled for January 8-10, 2025, in
Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The theme for this year is the “Diaspora's
contribution to a Viksit Bharat” (Developed India).
12 January National Youth Day 2025 The National Youth Day or Rashtriya Yuva Divas is celebrated on 12th
January every year in commemoration of the great spiritual leader,
philosopher and thinker Swami Vivekananda, whose unwavering belief in
potential of youth continues to resonate deeply with young citizens of the
country.
January 15 Army day Army day is observed every year on January 15 to honour the bravery and
sacrifices of soldiers who dedicated their lives to protecting the country. It also
aims to inspire feelings of patriotism in its citizens through a shared feeling
of pride in India’s military capabilities and achievements. This year, the parade
for the Indian Army Day will take place in Pune which is home to numerous
operational, strategic and training establishments of the Indian Armed Forces
like the Southern Command Headquarters and the prestigious National
Defence Academy (NDA).
National Girl Child Day India celebrates National Girl Child Day every year on January 24.
This day aims to spread awareness about girls' rights, education,
health and safety in society. The Indian government initiated the
National Girl Child Day in 2008. It was launched by the Ministry of
Women and Child Development. The purpose of National Girl Child
Day is to end the discrimination prevalent in society against girls
and provide them with equal opportunities.
Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh commemorates its foundation day every year on
foundation day January 24.
This year, celebrations will take place from January 24 to January
26 at Awadh Shilp Gram in Lucknow as the state marks the 76th
anniversary of its formation.
21 January Statehood Day of January 21 marks the Statehood Day of Manipur, Meghalaya, and
Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, commemorating their full statehood under the North Eastern
and Tripura Region (Reorganization) Act, 1971.
The day celebrates their rich cultural heritage, vibrant history, and
contributions to India’s identity.
These states are part of the “Seven Sisters”, known for their unique
culture, history, and natural beauty.
Statehood Day reflects their growth into integral and empowered parts
of the Union of India.
Himachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh (H.P.) celebrates its Statehood Day on 25th
Statehood Day January every year, marking the day when it officially became the
18th state of the Indian Union in 1971.
25th January National Voters’ Day Every year on January 25, India celebrates National Voters’ Day
which marks the foundation of the Election Commission of India
(ECI) in 1950. This special day, observed since 2011, aims to
encourage voter participation and raise awareness about the
importance of voting.
The theme for National Voters’ Day 2025 is ‘Nothing like voting, I
vote for sure’.
World Leprosy Day World Leprosy Day is observed on the last Sunday of January,
every year. In 2025, the World Leprosy Day is on 26 January. This
international day is an opportunity to celebrate people who have
experienced leprosy, raise awareness of the disease, and call for an
26 January end to leprosy-related stigma and discrimination.

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January 2025

The theme for World Leprosy Day 2025 is "Unite. Act. Eliminate."
International Day of The International Day of Clean Energy aims to raise awareness
Clean Energy and mobilize action for a just and inclusive transition to clean energy
for the benefit of people and the planet. Clean energy plays a key role
in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and helping
communities access reliable power sources.
Martyrs’ Day Martyrs’ Day is observed on January 30 in memory of Mahatma
Gandhi, who was assassinated in 1948. Martyrs’ Day, also known as
Shaheed Diwas, is observed annually in India to honour the sacrifices
of those who laid down their lives for the country's independence.
30 January World Neglected World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day is observed every year on
Tropical Diseases Day 30 January.
The purpose of World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day is to raise
the profile of NTDs, highlight the suffering they cause and garner
support for their control, elimination or eradication, in line with the
programmatic targets set out in WHO’s road map 2021−2030 and the
commitments of the 2022 Kigali declaration on neglected tropical
diseases.

OBITUARIES
Name of Person Field Points to Remember
Drazen Dalipagic Sports Basketball “legend” Drazen Dalipagic has died aged 73.
Representing the former Yugoslavia, Dalipagic won Olympic
gold at the 1980 Games in Moscow. Dalipagic was a FIBA Hall of
Fame inductee and was named as one of the 50 greatest
basketball players in 1991.
Dr. K.M. Cherian Healthcare Dr. K.M. Cherian, a pioneer in cardiac surgery and recipient of the
Padma Shri (1991), passed away at 82 in Bengaluru. He
performed India’s first coronary artery bypass surgery (1975)
and heart-lung transplant.
He founded the Frontier Lifeline Hospital and Dr. Cherian Heart
Foundation and contributed significantly to heart transplants in
Tamil Nadu.
His autobiography, ‘Just an Instrument,’ was launched recently,
reflecting his inspiring journey and advancements in cardiac
surgery.
Mavai Senathirajah Politician Mavai Senathirajah, a senior Tamil politician and veteran of the
Ilankai Tamil Arasu Katchi (ITAK), passed away at 82.
He led ITAK from 2014 to 2024, stepping down last year amid an
unresolved leadership rift.
Agnes Keleti Sports Agnes Keleti, the world’s oldest Olympic champion and
Holocaust survivor, passed away at the age of 103. As Hungary’s

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January 2025

most successful gymnast, she won ten Olympic medals, all of

them after reaching the age of 30 against much younger
competitors, including five gold medals in Helsinki (1952) and
Melbourne (1956).
Rajagopala Scientist Rajagopala Chidambaram, 88, former Chairman of the Atomic
Chidambaram Energy Commission who was involved in both of India’s nuclear
tests in 1974 and in 1998, died . He was the longest serving
Principal Scientific Adviser (PSA) to the Indian government with a
tenure from 2002 to 2018.He was the longest serving Principal
Scientific Adviser (PSA) to the Indian government with a tenure
from 2002 to 2018.A recipient of the Padma Shri (1975) and
Padma Vibushan (1999), Dr. Chidambaram contributed
significantly to condensed matter physics, nuclear energy, and
strategic technologies.
Jean-Marie Le Pen Politician Jean-Marie Le Pen, the founder of France’s far-right National
Front who was known for fiery rhetoric against immigration and
multiculturalism that earned him both staunch supporters and
widespread condemnation, died. He was 96.
P. Jayachandran Singer Playback singer P. Jayachandran, known for his expressive singing and
magical voice that captivated music lovers for over six decades. His
contributions were recognised with prestigious awards, including the J.C.
Daniel Award and the Kalaimamani Award, making him a celebrated
figure in Indian music. In 1985 he received the National Film Award for
Best Male Playback Singer for the song Sivasankara Sarva Saranya Vibho
from the film Sree Narayana Guru. He also won five Kerala State awards,
and four Tamil Nadu State awards.
Pritish Nandy Poet, painter, film Poet, painter, film producer and former parliamentarian Pritish Nandy
producer and former passed away at 73. Nandy was given the Padma Shri in 1977 for his
parliamentarian contributions to Indian literature. He was awarded the Karmaveer Puraskar
in 2008.
David Lynch Director and Writer David Lynch, the legendary Hollywood director and writer, passed
away at 78. Renowned for his surreal style and exploration of the
human psyche, Lynch transformed modern cinema with iconic
works like Twin Peaks and Mulholland Drive.

BOOKS
Book Title Author/s About the book
Jammu Kashmir --- Union Minister for Home Affairs and Cooperation, Amit Shah, will
and Ladakh: preside over a book release function on 2nd January 2025 in
Through the Ages New Delhi as the Chief Guest. The book, titled ‘Jammu Kashmir
and Ladakh: Through the Ages’ seeks to present the story of
Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh. The title attempts to document the
story of Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh from a perspective and
format that enables an overview for both the subject specialist and
those less conversant.
Parliament: Powers, Dr. K.S. Chauhan Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar, at the launch of Dr. K.S.
Functions & Chauhan’s book “Parliament: Powers, Functions & Privileges;
Privileges; A A Comparative Constitutional Perspective”, praised the
Comparative author’s dedication to the study of parliamentary law. In his
Constitutional address, Dhankhar noted that the two-volume work offered crucial
Perspective insights into the workings of Parliament and its responsibilities,
particularly in holding the executive accountable.

SPORTS
President gives away the Khel Ratna and other National sports awards

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January 2025

 Manu Bhaker, D. Gukesh, Harmanpreet Singh, and Praveen Kumar received the Major Dhyan Chand
Khel Ratna Award from President Droupadi Murmu at the National Sports Awards.
 Manu Bhaker became the first Indian to win two medals in a single Olympic edition, earning bronzes in
the 10m air pistol individual and mixed team events.
 Harmanpreet Singh contributed to India’s bronze medals in hockey at the Tokyo and Paris Olympics,
while Praveen Kumar upgraded his Tokyo Paralympics silver to gold in Paris.
 D. Gukesh became the youngest-ever World Chess Champion in 2024 and led India to a gold medal
at the Chess Olympiad.
 32 athletes received the Arjuna Award, including para-athletes, Paris Olympics bronze medallists, and
India’s first Paralympic gold medallist, Murlikant Petkar (Lifetime Achievement).
 India’s para-athletes excelled at the Paralympic Games, securing 29 medals, including seven golds.
 The Khel Ratna carries a cash prize of ₹25 lakh, while the Arjuna and Dronacharya Awards offer ₹15 lakh,
with selections based on Olympics and World Championships performances.
Award Recipient(s)
Major Dhyan
D Gukesh (Chess), Harmanpreet Singh (Hockey), Praveen Kumar (Para-Athletics), Manu
Chand Khel Ratna
Bhaker (Shooting)
Award

Jyothi Yarraji, Annu Rani (Athletics), Nitu, Saweety (Boxing), Vantika Agrawal (Chess),
Salima Tete (Hockey), Abhishek, Sanjay, Jarmanpreet Singh, Sukhjeet Singh (Hockey),
Rakesh Kumar (Para-Archery), Preeti Pal, Jeevanji Deepthi, Ajeet Singh, Sachin Sarjerao
Khilari, Dharambir, Pranav Soorma, H Hokato Sema, Simran, Navdeep (Para-Athletics),
Arjuna Awards
Nitesh Kumar, Thulasimathi Murugesan, Nithya Sre Sumathy Sivan, Manisha Ramadass
(Para-Badminton), Kapil Parmar (Para-Judo), Mona Agarwal, Rubina Francis (Para-
Shooting), Swapnil Suresh Kusale, Sarabjot Singh (Shooting), Abhay Singh (Squash),
Sajan Prakash (Swimming), Aman (Wrestling)

Arjuna Awards
Sucha Singh (Athletics), Murlikant Rajaram Petkar (Para-Swimming)
(Lifetime)

Dronacharya Subhash Rana (Para-Shooting), Deepali Deshpande (Shooting), Sandeep Sangwan

Award (Hockey), S. Muralidharan (Badminton), Armando Agnelo Colaco (Football)

Rashtriya Khel
Protsahan Physical Education Foundation of India
Puraskar
Maulana Abul
Kalam Azad Chandigarh University, Lovely Professional University, Guru Nanak Dev University
(MAKA) Trophy

Novak Djokovic breaks a Federer record at 2025 Australian Open

 Novak Djokovic has set a new record by playing his 430th Grand Slam singles match, surpassing
Roger Federer’s previous record of 429 matches and Serena Williams’ 423 matches.
 He is now the only tennis player in history to have played over 400 Grand Slam matches in the Open
Era.
 Djokovic also became the first man over 30 to achieve 150 Grand Slam wins, showcasing his sustained
dominance.
 The Serbian defeated qualifier Jaime Faria 6-1, 6-7 (4-7), 6-3, 6-2 to achieve this milestone.
 Djokovic is aiming to win the men’s title in Melbourne, which would make him the first person to win 25
Grand Slam singles titles, surpassing Margaret Court’s record.
 At 37 years old, Djokovic continues to rewrite tennis history, cementing his status as one of the greatest
players of all time.

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January 2025

Kho Kho World Cup 2025: India emerge as inaugural champions in both men’s and women’s events

 The inaugural Kho Kho World Cup began with a grand ceremony at the Indira Gandhi Stadium,
inaugurated by Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar, who lit the torch in the presence of dignitaries like
Sports Minister Mansukh Mandaviya and IOA President PT Usha.
 The tournament includes 39 teams (23 countries), with 20 men’s teams competing in four groups; the
league stage ends on January 16, followed by playoffs on January 17.
 The event underscores India’s leadership in promoting indigenous sports on the international stage.
 The Indian men’s and women’s teams won the inaugural Kho Kho World Cup 2025, defeating Nepal in
the finals at the Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, New Delhi.
 The Indian men’s team secured a 54-36 victory, dominating Nepal with a strong 26-0 lead in Turn 1 and
maintaining their edge throughout.
 The Indian women’s team triumphed with a 78-40 scoreline, led by captain Priyanka Ingle, who
contributed significantly to their 34-0 lead in Turn 1.
 Both Indian teams remained undefeated in the tournament, topping their respective groups and defeating
strong opponents like South Africa in the semi-finals.
 The tournament featured 20 men’s and 19 women’s teams, with support from the Indian Olympic
Association (IOA).

PUMA India teams up with PV Sindhu to strengthen badminton presence

 PV Sindhu, a two-time Olympic medallist, has partnered with PUMA India in a multi-year deal, marking
the brand’s entry into badminton and leveraging the sport’s 57 million fan base in India.
 The collaboration aims to inspire the next generation, particularly Gen Z, with badminton’s rising popularity
and 65% increase in participation over the last four years.
 PUMA plans to launch a special badminton collection in 2025, aligning with India’s sports apparel
market, projected to reach USD 399.5 million by 2030.
 The partnership will officially debut at the India Open 2025, with Sindhu emphasizing her intent to inspire
youth, especially women, to believe in themselves and aim higher.

India set to host FIDE World Cup 2025

 India is set to host the FIDE World Cup 2025, marking its first major chess event since the 2022 Chennai
Chess Olympiad.
 FIDE initially listed India as the host for the tournament scheduled from October 31 to November 27,
2025, but later replaced it with “to be announced.”
 The FIDE World Cup is a prestigious knockout event featuring over 200 players and offering three
qualification spots for the Candidates Tournament.
 In 2023, R. Praggnanandhaa made history by winning silver, losing to Magnus Carlsen in the final.
 Viswanathan Anand remains the only Indian to win the World Cup, achieving titles in 2000 and 2002
during the round-robin format era.
Learn Along:
About FIDE (International Chess Federation)
Headquarters: Lausanne, Switzerland President: Arkady Dvorkovich Founded: 20 July 1924

India Open 2025 badminton: Olympic champions Viktor Axelsen, An Se-young clinch singles titles
with dominant show

 Viktor Axelsen of Denmark won the men’s singles title at the India Open 2025, defeating Lee Cheuk
Yiu (HKG) 21-16, 21-8, marking his third victory at the tournament.
 In the women’s singles, An Se-young (KOR) clinched her second India Open title with a dominant 21-
12, 21-9 victory over Pornpawee Chochuwong (THA), maintaining her unbeaten streak in 2025.

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January 2025

 The men’s doubles title went to Goh Sze Fei/Nur Izzuddin (MAS), who beat Kim Won-ho/Seo Seung-
jae (KOR) in a hard-fought match 21-15, 13-21, 21-16.
 In women’s doubles, Arisa Igarashi/Ayaka Sakuramoto (JPN) defeated Kim Hye-jeong/Kong Hee-
yong (KOR) 21-15, 21-13, capping off their remarkable run.
 The mixed doubles title was claimed by Jiang Zhenbang/Wei Yaxin (CHN), overcoming Thom
Gicquel/Delphine Delrue (FRA) 21-18, 21-17.

Monfils becomes oldest singles champion in ATP Tour history

 Gael Monfils, at 38 years and 132 days, became the oldest player to win an ATP Tour title, surpassing
Roger Federer's record set in 2019.
 Monfils defeated Zizou Bergs 6-3, 6-4 in the Auckland final, claiming his 13th ATP title, 20 years after
his first.
 He is currently ranked 52 and is the oldest player in ATP history to remain in the top 100 rankings.
 He last won a title at the Stockholm Open in 2023 and credited his enduring success to his love for
tennis and commitment to staying in shape.

Tamil Nadu men, Railways women retain National basketball titles

 Tamil Nadu men and Railways women successfully defended their titles in the 74th National Basketball
Championship at the Sidsar Sports Complex in Bhavnagar.
 Tamil Nadu men defeated Punjab 80-56, while Railways women triumphed over Kerala 86-53 in the finals.
 Pranav Prince (Tamil Nadu) and Dharshini Thirunavukkarasu (Railways) were awarded the Most
Valuable Player titles, receiving a Maruti WagonR car each.
 The champion teams were awarded ₹5 lakh each, while runners-up received ₹3 lakh, and third-place
teams secured ₹2 lakh.
 R. Sreekala (Kerala) and Kanwar Gurbaz Singh Sandhu were recognized with ₹50,000 each for their
exceptional three-point shooting.
 Tamil Nadu women claimed third place by defeating Delhi 86-64, while Railways men secured third place
by beating Karnataka 71-50.
 Standout players included Anantharaj and Aravind Kumar for Tamil Nadu, and Dharshini
Thirunavukkarasu and Pushpa Senthil Kumar for Railways.

Former world heavyweight champion Fury retires

 Tyson Fury, former world heavyweight champion, announced his retirement from boxing through a
social media post, calling it a "blast."
 The British fighter had two stints as heavyweight champion and retires with a record of 34 wins, 2
defeats, and 1 draw.
 Fury’s decision marks the end of a successful career in professional boxing.

ASMITA Khelo India Women's Yogasana League 2024-25

 The National ASMITA Khelo India Women's Yogasana League 2024-25 concluded at Anand Dham
Ashram, with over 270 athletes from 22 states participating in the finals held from January 5-7.
 Athletes qualified through zonal championships in Bihar, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh,
involving 7000 women competitors last year across five categories: traditional yogasana, artistic
(single, pair, group), and rhythmic yogasana (pair).
 West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh performed exceptionally, with winners including Anushka Chatterjee
(Traditional Yogasana) and Nisha Godbole & Avika Mishra (Artistic Pair).
 Organized by Yogasana Bharat and supported by the Ministry of Sports, ₹25 lakhs in prize money was
awarded to winners to encourage participation.

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 The ASMITA Women’s League, started under Khelo India, promotes women’s participation in sports,
with 163 leagues held in 2024, engaging 17000 women across 12 disciplines.
 This initiative aims to empower women athletes, fostering fitness and competition exposure across
multiple age categories under the "Sports for Women" mission by the Sports Authority of India (SAI).

Mo Farah announced as ambassador of Mumbai Marathon

 Mo Farah, the legendary distance runner, has been appointed as the International event ambassador
for the 20th Tata Mumbai Marathon on January 19.
 Farah, a four-time Olympic gold medalist and six-time World champion, is considered the greatest
distance runner ever.
 The marathon celebrates its 20th edition, marking two decades of promoting a running movement in the
country.

National women’s T20 for blind in Kochi from Jan. 13

 The IndusInd Bank National Women’s T20 Cricket Tournament for the Blind 2025 will be held in
Ernakulam from January 13 to 18, with 19 teams, a record for the event.
 Teams are divided into five groups for the league phase, and matches will be held at multiple venues,
including Tripunithura, Aluva, and Angamaly.
 The inaugural ceremony will take place on January 12 at Durbar Hall ground, with R. Bindu, Kerala's
higher education minister, as the chief guest.
 Organized by CABI, CABK, and the Samarthanam Trust for the Disabled, the event was officially
launched by key figures, including Rajanish Henry and Deeraj Sequeira.
 Minu Mani, Kerala’s first woman cricketer to represent India, is the tournament’s ambassador.
 The semifinals will be held on January 17, and the final on January 18 at Tripunithura.

Hockey India League increases prize money

 The Hockey India League (HIL) has significantly increased prize money for the current edition, with ₹3
crore for the men’s winner, ₹2 crore for the runner-up, and ₹1 crore for third place.
 In the inaugural women’s competition, the winning team will earn ₹1.5 crore, while second and third
places will get ₹1 crore and ₹50 lakh, respectively.
 Individual awards have partial pay parity, with ₹50,000 for the player-of-the-match and ₹20 lakh for the
player-of-the-tournament in both men’s and women’s events.
 Men’s best goalkeeper, up-and-coming player, and top scorer will receive ₹10 lakh each, while women in
the same categories will receive ₹5 lakh each.
 Hero MotoCorp, the title sponsor, announced equal rewards for player-of-the-match and tournament
honors across genders.
 The total prize money for HIL 2024-25 is ₹10 crore, compared to ₹6 crore in 2017, marking a substantial
increase.

Guptill retires from international cricket

 Martin Guptill, the New Zealand batter, announced his retirement from international cricket at the age
of 38 but will continue playing in T20 leagues worldwide.
 Guptill expressed pride in playing 367 matches for New Zealand, calling it a childhood dream and
cherishing memories of representing his country.
 He excelled in white-ball cricket, scoring 7346 runs in 198 ODIs, including 18 centuries and 39 half-
centuries.
 In 122 T20Is, he amassed 3531 runs, with 2 centuries and 20 fifties.
 Although he played 47 Tests, his career highlights came in the shorter formats, making him a significant
figure in New Zealand cricket.

BFI adopts World Boxing’s new weight classes

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 The Boxing Federation of India will conduct the men’s National Championships in 10 weight categories
aligned with the classification by World Boxing.
 The new men’s weight classes range from 50kg (flyweight) to +90kg (super-heavyweight).
 Women’s weight classes also include 10 categories, starting at 48kg (light-fly) and extending to +81kg
(heavyweight).
 The revised weight divisions reflect updated standards for both men and women, covering diverse weight
ranges in competitive boxing.
 This initiative aligns Indian boxing with international norms, enhancing its structure and global
competitiveness.

Rishi Dhawan retires from white-ball cricket

 Former India all-rounder Rishi Dhawan announced his retirement from domestic limited-over
tournaments after the group stage of the Vijay Hazare Trophy.
 Rishi Dhawan, who represented India in three ODIs and one T20I in 2016, made the decision after
Himachal Pradesh failed to qualify for the knockout stages.
 The 34-year-old will continue to play in the Ranji Trophy, starting on January 23.
 Rishi Dhawan previously led Himachal Pradesh to its only Vijay Hazare title during the 2021-22 season.

Odisha announces sponsorship deal for Indian kho kho team

 The Odisha government announced a three-year sponsorship deal for the Indian national kho kho
team, aiming to promote indigenous sports.
 Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi stated that the state will allocate ₹5 crores annually for the
sponsorship.
 The sponsorship will run from January 2025 to December 2027.

Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports Announces National Sports Awards 2024

 The National Sports Awards 2024 were announced by the Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, and will
be presented by the President of India on 17th January 2025 at Rashtrapati Bhavan.
 The Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award recognizes the most outstanding performance in sports
over the past four years.
 The Arjuna Award honors outstanding performance in sports over the previous four years, emphasizing
leadership, sportsmanship, and discipline.
 The Arjuna Award (Lifetime) is given to retired sportspersons for their contributions during and after their
active sports careers.
 The Dronacharya Award acknowledges coaches who have consistently enabled sportspersons to excel
in international events.
 The Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (MAKA) Trophy is awarded to the top-performing university in the
Khelo India University Games.
 Applications for these awards were accepted through an online portal, with the selection process led by
Justice (Retd.) V. Ramasubramanian and a committee of eminent sportspersons, sports journalists, and
administrators.
S.
Award Name Discipline/Entity
No.
1 Shri Gukesh D Chess
Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna 2 Shri Harmanpreet Singh Hockey
Award 2024 3 Shri Praveen Kumar Para-Athletics
4 Ms. Manu Bhaker Shooting

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S.
Award Name Discipline/Entity
No.
1 Ms. Jyothi Yarraji Athletics
2 Ms. Annu Rani Athletics
3 Ms. Nitu Boxing
4 Ms. Saweety Boxing
5 Ms. Vantika Agrawal Chess
6 Ms. Salima Tete Hockey
7 Shri Abhishek Hockey
8 Shri Sanjay Hockey
9 Shri Jarmanpreet Singh Hockey
10 Shri Sukhjeet Singh Hockey
11 Shri Rakesh Kumar Para-Archery
12 Ms. Preeti Pal Para-Athletics
13 Ms. Jeevanji Deepthi Para-Athletics
14 Shri Ajeet Singh Para-Athletics
15 Shri Sachin Sarjerao Khilari Para-Athletics
16 Shri Dharambir Para-Athletics
Arjuna Awards 2024 17 Shri Pranav Soorma Para-Athletics
18 Shri H Hokato Sema Para-Athletics
19 Ms. Simran Para-Athletics
20 Shri Navdeep Para-Athletics
21 Shri Nitesh Kumar Para-Badminton
22 Ms. Thulasimathi Murugesan Para-Badminton
Ms. Nithya Sre Sumathy
23 Para-Badminton
Sivan
24 Ms. Manisha Ramadass Para-Badminton
25 Shri Kapil Parmar Para-Judo
26 Ms. Mona Agarwal Para-Shooting
27 Ms. Rubina Francis Para-Shooting
28 Shri Swapnil Suresh Kusale Shooting
29 Shri Sarabjot Singh Shooting
30 Shri Abhay Singh Squash
31 Shri Sajan Prakash Swimming
32 Shri Aman Wrestling
1 Shri Sucha Singh Athletics
Arjuna Awards (Lifetime) Shri Murlikant Rajaram
2 Para-Swimming
Petkar
1 Shri Subhash Rana Para-Shooting

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S.
Award Name Discipline/Entity
No.
Dronacharya Award (Regular 2 Ms. Deepali Deshpande Shooting
Category) 3 Shri Sandeep Sangwan Hockey
Dronacharya Award (Lifetime 1 Shri S Muralidharan Badminton
Category) 2 Shri Armando Agnelo Colaco Football
Physical Education
Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puraskar 1
Foundation of India
1 Chandigarh University Overall Winner
Lovely Professional
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (MAKA) 2 1st Runner-Up
University, Punjab
Trophy
Guru Nanak Dev University,
3 2nd Runner-Up
Amritsar

Carlsen, Nepomniachtchi share World blitz title; Vaishali clinches bronze

 The World Blitz Chess Championship ended with Magnus Carlsen and Ian Nepomniachtchi sharing
the title after agreeing to a tie, approved by FIDE, despite unclear regulations.
 The final match was tied after three games in the sudden death, and Carlsen proposed sharing the title,
citing fairness after an extended match.
 In the women’s event, Ju Wenjun won the blitz title, defeating compatriot Lei Tingjie in the tie-breaks.
 India celebrated success as R. Vaishali won the bronze medal, losing to Ju Wenjun in the semifinals.
 This was India’s second medal in the tournament, with Koneru Humpy winning the World Rapid Chess
Championship earlier.

Hemanth Muddappa Bags 15th National Title In Motorcycle Drag Racing

 Hemanth Muddappa of Mantra Racing won his 15th National title at the final round of the MMSC FMSCI
Indian National Motorcycle Drag Racing Championship 2024.
 The Bengaluru rider secured his 13th title in the 4-stroke 1051 to 1650cc Super Sport class with an
unbeatable 29-point lead even before racing.
 Muddappa is the first Indian motorsport athlete to achieve 15 National titles, a historic milestone in
Indian motorsports.
 Nicknamed 'LightningR1', his success highlights his brute speed and consistent excellence over eight
years with Mantra Racing.

Kerala Wins Maiden Senior National Men's Handball Title

 Kerala won their first Senior National Men's Handball Championship title, defeating Chandigarh 34-
31 in the final.
 The championship final was held at Changanassery, Kerala.
 Kerala reached the final for the first time by defeating Services in the semi-finals, while Chandigarh
secured their spot by beating Indian Railways.
 Devendra from Kerala was named the best player of the championship, and Rahul won the best
goalkeeper award.

KKFI Unveils Spectacular Trophy, Mascots Tejas and Tara For Inaugural Kho Kho World Cup 2025

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 The Kho Kho Federation of India (KKFI) unveiled the trophies for the first-ever Kho Kho World Cup,
set to take place from January 13-19, 2025, at the Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, New Delhi, featuring
21 men’s and 20 women’s teams from 24 countries.
 The tournament will showcase two distinct trophies: a blue trophy for the men’s championship,
symbolizing trust and determination, and a green trophy for the women’s event, representing growth
and vitality, both with intricate designs and crystal detailing.
 Official mascots Tejas and Tara, a pair of gazelles, embody the sport's attributes of speed, agility, and
teamwork, celebrating Kho Kho’s heritage and modern appeal.
 The tournament aims to elevate Kho Kho to a global stage, with free live streaming and broadcasting,
marking the first step towards Olympic recognition of this indigenous Indian sport.

Arshdeep Singh crowned as the ICC Men’s T20I Cricketer of the Year 2024

 Arshdeep Singh won the ICC Men’s T20I Cricketer of the Year 2024, while Amelia Kerr claimed the
ICC Women’s T20I Cricketer of the Year title.
 Arshdeep played a key role in India's success at the ICC Men’s T20 World Cup 2024, helping the team
secure the title.
 He took 36 wickets in 18 T20Is with an impressive average of 15.31 and an economy rate of 7.49,
excelling in both powerplays and death overs.
 Reflecting on the achievement, Arshdeep called 2024 a great year for both himself and the Indian team,
emphasizing his pride in contributing to the World Cup victory.

ICC Awards 2024: Rohit Sharma, Arshdeep Singh lead T20I honours for India - full winners list

Category Winner/Team
ICC Men's T20I
Cricketer of the Arshdeep Singh (IND)
Year
ICC Women's T20I
Cricketer of the Amelia Kerr (NZL)
Year
Rohit Sharma (c), Travis Head, Phil Salt, Babar Azam, Nicholas
ICC Men’s T20I
Pooran (wk), Sikandar Raza, Hardik Pandya, Rashid Khan, Wanindu
Team of the Year
Hasaranga, Jasprit Bumrah, Arshdeep Singh
Laura Wolvaardt (c), Smriti Mandhana, Chamari Athapaththu,
ICC Women’s T20I
Hayley Matthews, Nat Sciver-Brunt, Amelia Kerr, Richa Ghosh (wk),
Team of the Year
Marizanne Kapp, Orla Prendergast, Deepti Sharma, Sadia Iqbal
Yashasvi Jaiswal, Ben Duckett, Kane Williamson, Joe Root, Harry
ICC Men's Test
Brook, Kamindu Mendis, Jamie Smith (wk), Ravindra Jadeja, Pat
Team of the Year
Cummins (c), Matt Henry, Jasprit Bumrah
Saim Ayub, Rahmanullah Gurbaz, Pathum Nissanka, Kusal Mendis
ICC Men's ODI (wk), Charith Asalanka (c), Sherfane Rutherford, Azmatullah
Team of the Year Omarzai, Wanindu Hasaranga, Shaheen Shah Afridi, Haris Rauf,
AM Ghazanfar
Smriti Mandhana, Laura Wolvaardt (c), Chamari Athapaththu,
ICC Women's ODI Hayley Matthews, Marizanne Kapp, Ashleigh Gardner, Annabel
Team of the Year Sutherland, Amy Jones (wk), Deepti Sharma, Sophie Ecclestone,
Kate Cross
ICC Umpire of the
Richard Illingworth (ENG)
Year

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Category Winner/Team
ICC Men’s
Associate Cricketer Gerhard Erasmus (NAM)
of the Year
ICC Women’s
Associate Cricketer Esha Oza (UAE)
of the Year
ICC Emerging
Men’s Cricketer of Kamindu Mendis (SRI)
the Year
ICC Emerging
Women’s Cricketer Annerie Dercksen (RSA)
of the Year

Michael Clarke Joins Australian Cricket Hall Of Fame

 Michael Clarke has been inducted into the Australian Cricket Hall of Fame for his exceptional career
and leadership in cricket.
 His standout performances include a golden year in 2012, where he scored 1,595 Test runs at an
average of 106.33, and leading Australia to a 5-0 Ashes victory.
 Clarke's contributions in winning the 2007 and 2015 ICC World Cups highlight his ability to perform under
pressure in crucial moments.
 With over 17,000 runs across formats and 36 centuries, he is regarded as one of Australia's greatest
batsmen and captains.

Odisha Warriors crowned as inaugural champions of Women's Hockey India League

 Odisha Warriors won the inaugural Women’s Hockey India League title on January 26, defeating
Soorma Hockey Club 2-1 in a closely contested final.
 Rutuja Dadaso Pisal was the star performer, scoring both goals for the Warriors in the 20th and 56th
minutes, including the match-winner late in the game.

Union Minister Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya to Open Khelo India Winter Games 2025

 The Khelo India Winter Games (KIWG) 2025 began in Ladakh on January 23, 2025, featuring 19 teams
competing in ice hockey and ice skating; the second part, focusing on snow games, will be held in
Jammu & Kashmir from February 22-25.
 The opening ceremony at the Nawang Dorjay Stobdan Sports Complex in Leh was inaugurated by
Union Sports Minister Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya, alongside Brigadier Dr. BD Mishra, Lt. Governor of
Ladakh, and other dignitaries.
 A traditional Ladakhi-style ceremony welcomed 594 participants, including 428 athletes, marking
Ladakh's second time hosting the Winter Games, now in their fifth edition.
 Past champions include Maharashtra, which led in 2024 with 20 skating medals (6 golds), followed by
Karnataka and host Ladakh with 13 medals.
 Ice hockey remains highly competitive, with Army (men’s) and ITBP (women’s) as defending champions,
while Himachal Pradesh leads the 2025 edition with the largest contingent of 78 athletes.

Bihar chief minister inaugurates Sports conclave in Patna

 Bihar CM Nitish Kumar inaugurated a Sports Conclave, bringing together athletes, experts, and
stakeholders to enhance the state's sporting ecosystem.

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 National-level athletes and para-athletes were felicitated, including Deepa Malik, Vijendra Singh, P R
Sreejesh, Harendra Singh, Shivkeshvan, and Sharad Kumar.
 The event highlighted achievements in international sporting events, recognizing players who represented
India at the Olympics, Paralympics, and Winter Olympics.

Prithvi Sekar wins Australian Deaf tennis c‘ship again

 Prithvi Sekar won the Australian Open deaf tennis championship again, defeating France’s Oliver
Grave 6-3, 6-1 in the final at Melbourne Park.
 In the quarterfinals, Prithvi beat his doubles partner Marco Carretta of Italy in a tough match.
 Prithvi also reached the semifinals, where he overcame Marino Kegl of Slovenia 2-6, 6-3, 7-6(6).
 In the doubles event, Prithvi and Marco won one match in a super tie-break but finished third in the round-
robin format.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurates 38th National Games in Dehradun

 PM Narendra Modi inaugurated the 38th National Games in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, coinciding with
the state's 25th anniversary.
 The event, themed ‘Green Games’, promotes eco-friendly practices, with medals made from e-waste
and tree plantations for winners.
 Khelo India initiatives were highlighted for fostering young athletes, along with recent Winter Games
in Ladakh and Beach Games.
 India’s sports equipment industry, particularly Meerut’s contribution, was emphasized for its
economic impact and employment generation.
 Declaring the National Games open, he emphasized unity through sports, encouraged athletes to
explore India’s culture, and called for a plastic-free Uttarakhand.
 Monal (Mauli), the state bird of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh, has been accepted as the mascot
for the 38th National Games, being held in Uttarakhand in 2025.

Australia secure third ICC Women's Championship title under ecstatic Captain Healy

 Australia Women won the ICC Women's Championship 2022-25, securing 18 wins in 24 matches,
topping the 10-nation tournament.
 They dominated the 50-over format, winning 9 out of 10 games, showcasing consistent performances
across the championship.
 Alyssa Healy, Australian wicketkeeper-batter, expressed excitement over the victory and confidence for
the upcoming Women's ODI World Cup 2025.
 The 13th edition of the Women’s ODI World Cup will be held in India (August-September 2025), where
Australia will defend their title.

Manush Shah, Diya Chitale crowned national table tennis champions

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 Manush Shah and Diya Chitale won the singles titles at the 86th Senior National Table Tennis
Championship held at Pandit Dindayal Upadhyay Indoor Stadium, Surat.
 Manush Shah (RBI) defeated Payas Jain (Delhi) in the men's final with a 4-1 victory, continuing his
strong form after a dominant semifinal win over Ankur Bhattacharjee.
 Diya Chitale (RBI) staged a comeback to defeat top seed Sreeja Akula (RBI) in the women's final,
winning 4-3 in the longest match of the final day.
 Diya also won the doubles title with Sreeja, completing a double crown in the tournament.
 Both Manush and Diya won ₹3.20 lakh each, but the prestigious senior national championship
trophy was their biggest reward after a decade of effort.
 In mixed doubles, Akash Pal & Poymantee Baisya (RSPB) defeated Jash Modi & Taneesha Kotecha
(Maharashtra) 3-0 in the final.

Steve Smith completes 10,000 Test runs, second-fastest Australian on elite list

 Steve Smith became the second-fastest Australian to reach 10,000 Test runs, achieving the milestone
during the first Test against Sri Lanka in Galle on January 29, 2025.
 He is only the 15th player in Test history and the fourth Australian (after Allan Border, Steve Waugh,
and Ricky Ponting) to cross this landmark.
 Smith reached 10,000 runs in just 115 Tests and 205 innings, making him the third-fastest overall,
behind Lara, Tendulkar, and Sangakkara (195 innings).
 His Test debut was in 2010 against Pakistan, and despite a slow start, he evolved into one of
Australia’s most dependable batters, scoring 34 Test centuries.
 He ranks second among Australians in Test centuries, only behind Ricky Ponting (41 centuries).
 Smith is leading Australia as a stand-in captain in the absence of Pat Cummins, who is on paternity
leave and recovering from minor injuries.
 His leadership and batting are crucial in the two-match series against Sri Lanka, as Australia prepares
for the World Test Championship Final against South Africa.

Official logo and mascot for 23rd National Para Athletics Championship
unveiled

 The 23rd National Para Athletics Championship will be held from

February 17 to 20, 2025, emphasizing inclusivity and athlete
empowerment.
 Chennai hosted the launch of the official logo and mascot,
symbolizing determination, resilience, and equality in para sports.
 The event is expected to attract over 1,700 para athletes from across
India, serving as a platform for international qualifiers.
 India will also host the Para Athletics World Championships from
September 26 to October 5, 2025, marking its first-ever edition on
Indian soil.
 With the launch of its logo and mascot, the championship blends
tradition with modernity, embodying determination, equality, and
competitive spirit.

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Sources of the News:

The Hindu,The Indian Express,Business Standard, The Financial Express ,PIB, etc.

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