Revised curriculur STUDENT'S BOOK Mathematics JV John Le 7. 3 aeFeatures of this book prepare you for the workplace or furth er studies, ‘and fun and ensure that you are prepared for Mathematics Student's Book JV John B aemp a, 2022 inp tan Toop Publier, 2022 Alghero pat of i pabeacn ay repodaed, Sl ina eile tasted an om ene | Dertyc e {S0N 57.1408. 0 ‘Web POFISBN 98-1308 O06 spiny any ig ots Bok iat write pron mt plier Acknovedgements Senedd fom Sherk, ‘oer ben mde tein bili ikea ‘eat is plead eter neo jeter yr doe ‘acy enna nfo opn rman conse ‘Bers opty sine wader on pon ai cane tee hasbeen mado ace heap dra bea emai om thon as eve impose cost, Ay cop hole ho eas ae fing on our ade wimsed cna te per Toads ofthe boa, ore Ser at wh ‘mu cotomeremes@macmilanebicton cosa "ied antoundy Shaman RSA uso Cape To Contents Module 3: Applications of differentiation Unit 3.1: Approximating better rots using Newoon method . ) ‘Unit 48: Integzation by parts Summary of Module = ‘Sommative assessment for Module The definite integral Basie definite integra Definite integrals using change of ts Definite integrals wi infinity asa init traneform Si FicieaLimits and continuity TVET FIRSTWPT kc cases oa Ms Properties of limits ‘Asx becomes large and larger (positive), y becomes ‘and the raph approaches the positive x-axis, However, as long axis positive, Jrvalue cannot become negative a the xan. We ean say that as x becomes infinitely large, the y-value approaches zero without cally becoming 210. | 1.1.2 The indeterminate form Indetminatevaven Often, we can substitute the number which x approaches to determine the indecrinaeforme above where we had to deduce the limi, Sometimes, direct so becomes closer and closer otclnescconce” ‘answer which is indeterminate. $5 88: 00-00; 0°; 0(00); 00% 1" gre 13 Examples of | rome thematically as lim. = 0 | sin Note the elowing important points: approaches infinity is er0) + Rememberthat Os 00; 2 22: €;& (wheree EE indeterminate forms imit of a function | | Thelimitofa function fis the value the function gets closer to asx approaches some number or infinity, Division by ero is undefined inthe sense that the ‘ot a number, But iis widely accepted tow © Note thet © cota mumber =o. ‘Wecan easily deduce the fllowing limits, They are often used and so you must | ee ‘memorse therm. | 1.1.3 Limits of indetermi Getting an indeterminate does not mean means that direct substitution cannot be tin N4 we saw that we can sometimes avoid getting the indeterminate form by ‘manipulating the function (by factorising or rationalising the numerator oF ‘denominator or ia some cases by dividing each term of the numerator and the denominator by the highest power of) {in many cases, we can apply Lt forms. We will learn abo eo find the Limits of indeterminate TVET FIRST Limits and continuity EI WET FIRSTsy have done in easler levels, sometimes we can simplify to avoid [we will discuss this in Unit 1.2 we could do in Question 2. 25 where we have an indeterminate form and cannot Question 3. Tiss discussed further in Unit 1.2. @ @ TOTAL: {10} by direct substitution, Other rule (also spelled LHépital, an be used in many such Ghasadvnoaw Time 13:08) , A ‘WET FIRST. Gove oe ay foectarstospeayepo Ter FIRST In other words, we differentiate the numerator and the denominator; then find limit again. Repeat if needed. dil sen from the rl ‘an manipulate the give itis used for fractions Itcan also be weed if it into a fraction, 1.2.4 Applying L'Hospital’s rule [Hospital rule canbe used follows ge Only iim £2 Bo £8 ra FeO" 3B More than once, but only if we get 2 or SE before we apply the rule ‘Aer hanging otis internat forms uch (0 ~ 20) 0F 0403 10th oe on #0. In other words, LHospitals rule cannot be usd if we do not get an indeterminate by direct substitution, Let us take a look at some examples {Substitution} 0 when we get an indeterminate ofthe type ve can apply LHospital rule to the original Limits and coninuy ESUndeterminate; apply the rule) [See section 25.2 for differentiation rules) few more involved examples. You may have to come back to these types of Module 2 on diferentiaion [Psstnindceminate bt oon be | form to use the rule. [ofthe form 8 apy the rae] [ce Question 2 of Example 1.2] Tver Ainst Limits ona continu aaa ec reeset {WET eas[tedeerminate; poy hee] Unetrminate: apply the le} ‘WET FIRST | “Here we include a few more involved examples. You may have to come back to these types of examples | after completing Module 2 on differentiation. ta heat) baw 2 tulehazoo | 3 lm Say 4. tim (45-4) + SE | bee | 1. ling ra a | “deem (Batcarae™™ TVET FIRST Limisandcentoty QI(indeterminate; apply the rue) (indeterminate: ppy the rl] ete product ral to iferentte xe ee TVET FIRST | WET FIRST (= sin (Indeterminate; spply the rule) (Substirating] Pmciast (indeterminate; apply the ule] ——>@ Exesene aes — oo ‘Conditions for continu 1. determine the value of In y and hence the value of y ‘A function f In other words, ptt eg [Bndeterminate; we can apply the rale,) the function value non-real. We say its discont ‘Yatiable. Let us take alook at an example Jinfesi()} peso = 1.3.1 Conditions for continuity ‘A continuous fusetion i a function that Varies without any sudden changes its value are ominous inoue Lunts and continuity | TVET FIRST BEET) voces | Terrrst |Ein "Determine the values of for wi Iscontinuous forall real values of iene a fs tae ‘We need to consider ony values xeorx=-2 ‘Fexvis discontinuous st x= 0 orx= 2. Bern 15 fo" Bebe ld We solve for xin x?+ 6+ 14 =0. Using the quadratic formula, x ==b* WE tae ‘Therefor, fx) Is continuous fr all el values of x Alternative solution Not discontinuous for any real values of BED voces ‘We note thatthe numerator is continuous forall values of x 42s Sake xe (0;2n) xe? _xe3 6 for Baa? hich 2+ 6x + 14-0. oF continuous for ll rel values of x; x € =r allreal values of; ER TVET FIRST 4 > 4 foo= 32 xe (0:29) cours Outz=5 anda =3f, ‘09 is discontinuous at x= 3 and x= 32, ¥ x€ [052m] jous at x = 2 and x = 32, zmiae? 1 tan: continuous at x= and x = 3% also discont § and x= 32 sinx=Oatx=0,x=nandx= 27, = x € [0:2] is discontinuous at £f(2 is discontinuous when x= ~3 and x=~2, Qe Determine whether x) is continuous at the given values of x L feos souess 2 foo = Le which is not real me When x=3, fon ==> fooisdiscontinuowsat x= ‘WET FIRSTa0 Module 1 TVET FIRST form 2 or $2: Itis usualy possible to change other indeterminate forms to either ofthese and then | | apply Hospital re. | ‘We diferentiat the mumerator and the denominator separately and substitute again, This proces Summative assessment for Module 1 1, Determine the following limits: :, @ ° ® @ e ® o Linsandconinity I ver ARsPiette] Module Overview of Module 2 nto diferente using various methods jonometri Functions and to sketch their graph. aa ID rere [Sea Mt feces Combining ne es | 26 fo = 4428 xe (0:25) 24: Lopminnicderenaon | 25a tgoometic re megdierentason | summaryeflogaenmians - | Chepning ine mes 28 fuo=ghy x€0:2m af 29 fey=tan-tx [See Module 2} o = 210 f= pote mee Setcingtpapte 8 yeoet | ro BE - TOTAL: La fy 15 fle+h) 24 fox =f GE vos | wersirsr pitferentetion FEI TET FIRSTtothe concept some ofthe techniques troduce some new ones 2.1.1 Revision of the concepts of differentiation and differentiation from first principles In calculus, we very often need the value ofa continuously changing quantity at an instant ora a point. For example, suppose we need te gradient of curve at ‘any given pont pee Reg ep depp fede In Figre22, 7 ad Qe wo ont hich ae cove etch tro he with eget fox) =1 PQ asi ne eughheeposon beeen ithe soon ons then npcore 0 Let ee Of Ge Gb ott the ice been cdo em sechthepeosdmac alas () Grn tne r= fics ~foo 7 ‘Ths othe verge rien fhe curve beeen the pits? ecu lh Sa e i hae ottat tetera appa so One Sea flr+h)~ foxy gradient of i the curve atthe point is iy ‘We have found the value ofa changing quantity (here the point or instant (here athe point) This epee) ‘the definition of jf ET ose 2 ‘Ver FIRST ‘TVET FIRST Pierentatings fonction sing hse bs prince process is appropriately called diferentating fom frst pr Wha by dierentitngafancon scaled diferentia confit o derivative. ‘Two common notations ofa derivative are: * f'G0 when f(x) is differentiated ay +] when y is differentiated [y isa function of x} ‘gue 23: Nao ote drains 2.1.2 Differentiating algebraic functions from first principles Diferentatin from irs pene means using the method of limits to iferentat, We wil use the defi of differentiation Dilferetiation using Sst principles flat) =fo9 Fe) =lim where +106 the gradient or the derivative. © is Bx orthe change nx ‘When differentiating from first principes, we often have to expand powers of binomials: Cee Wax aah oi? ae seh each eh? paar eee eR ETE ‘The binomial theorem “The binomial orem wich 03 renember for Ni ges rately Ricmayoferarding power ofa bom when Sela feu ora faton\ ‘he binomil ore teamnnsrenerth tlt, MOE Ditferentiaioncone term to the next Tes ef to ste that the exponent ofxreaces bY 10 1‘ from one ven going tothe rght And the exponent of hn a @ aie hea sms forthe parpose of 1 foo=2 Jong proce, We saw in N4 and wl | a fumxte + of dfrentiation which we can 3. foozta+2¥ 4 frexteed ‘and also using the differentiation rules, However, aa [eee éiffereniate fom ist principles. @ Diferetiate fom fst principe: fon = PEE 7 aps oot cele eet carcino a fame?) aes @ ee iors Differentiate the following from fist principles: | S¢9 = him = fog = 84243 seins jee sooo $053 | fo =-x8 + 2x43 eae re SWE De+h+3 [Replaced xin fox by e+ A] ha HP) + 2c +h) +3 soe hx Wa BeOS +h) fea) = a2 Dh WP De Dh 43 = (Q-3x-3W)Q - 3x) ee petro * | lim (-22—-h+2) ‘nthe numerator. a = -2e-002 I Oa LL sna UNotetht we donot wite init when substituting} W=3k- 02-309 EM ce 2 ee — TET FIRST |ind the derivative of fx) = using fst princes | solution | foo se ee | ne Hef 4 tim ELD fe | aaa 10 b Feo =e [ferM =G+ mh | ea | TVET FIRST Ter FIRST« fleh-fad =z 2 fle+m— fog tin S+4)— foxy oe : pani — — —— ee ieee (ee | m= || we condo tis eampa tt sn te ori ren + ) NE coe 2 ae biterenscion EI ‘TET FIRST‘a and VE in place of i = (eos(1) lim Alternative proof Lety = x) = sin x, then rigonometric functions can be diferentate from fet principles. sdy only the diferent tgonometric functions (see section 2.2.1), a) Prove that if y= sin x, then x = cosx. ety = f(x) = sin then: sin (A +B ~ sin (A ~B) [compoune: na) |Hoele sin C~sinD= 295 4D, C= D ze sem mersel th) if EDS weaves ‘TVET FIRST Ver FIRSTdy ee Ys -sinx. b) Prove that if y= cos x, then 7, othe method used For cos x we give only the proof using the met {forthe alternative proof above for sin x Let y=/(2) = c0s-x, then: by gas cos (e+ fi) = cosx ti SOS {Compound ange ident] sac limits | A=W gt SD aa Wn @ een — incl: Given fon = pee Determine inthe simplified form: 21 fie 22 fix+W-fo Joyext a3 EeB= feo o _ SO aes 24 tn S24 for w fea = (x + N+ 3) nL) foo = pe BED Say ax" GED) vocviez Wer First ‘Wer FIRST Unit 2.2: Differentiation techniques ples long method. les and techniques to diferentiate functions more quickly. {Inthe next few units, we will go over some ofthese rules and tech learn some new ones, les and 2.2.1 Differentiation of trigonometric functions ‘We can now derive the derivatives oftan x, cosec, sec xand cotxby the shorter method of using the quotient rule and the derivatives of sin x and cos ‘We willlook at each of them below. a) Prove that if y= tan x, then 2 = sectx, Lety=tans y= he & corte 9=ins-802) py quent ra] 4 bb) Prove that if y= cosecx, then 3 = —cosec x cot x. Lety=cosecx. [By quotient rule] = -coseexcotx ay ©) Prove that if y= sec x, then 7= sec.x tan x. Layseee 1 yeahs oiterenationby quotient le) see xtanx ay = —cosec? x. d) Prove that if y=cot x, then G, = “cose Lety =cot. (iy unten le) loin’ + costs) 2.2.2 Rules of differentiation and standard derivatives ‘We will rey revise the power rl the produc rule andthe quotient role and list some ofthe standaed der you wll emember from N4, Then we (or function ofa function rule) combined with other rules to find detivaives. The power rule, the product rule andthe quotient rule Powerrule Ify= x", then 2 = net & St in ost ese eee It we denote # by vad ly then, os Hr tenn an te ay Ba! nt uct rule as 3) Module 2 Quotient rule Hey # whee wand re fenton of then 2 = 8s [Pay erflatention tthe onder the trms in the numerator) Basic rules of differentiation Below are some ofthe standard derivatives tht you wll use throughout this course. Basic rules of differentiation (standard derivatives) 1 filet =owheecisacomant 2 fins) ees 2 helms Lior) =ene 18 Bteowes| = -onercox ae u «4 is sf 6 «4 ™ of mn funsl-4 » 9 flonase z 18 Ztnst sen au Epcos ctve 1. Hteosx) =-sinx Notes and tips to memorise some of the basic differentiation rules ‘The following guidelines will help you to remember and apply these rues: BB tenner a ge «er eta ia vibe eet ia weexponent isa variable ifere tion where the base andthe * ate an exponent : ‘Unit 24 logarithmic differentiation.) —— TVET FIRST2, oat they are WO 2 ed | =x (Role: =9} | oat Baas 3 yaxeonx % GP wsinn score [bing product rae =-sing + 3x'cosx 4, ya Ge? 30)5e+ 2) (5x+2K2x-3) [Using product rule] = Sx! 15x 10x? Le 6 = et 266-6 {Because Ine= 1} } [5 valet Alternative solution emt Leasing dy cosse-conn) =~ sinai(-sina) | y= Lag 15161021 at derivatives of inverse factions which are discussed in Unit2.5. games Tre sterathe section 25.2) wahe- ie iene Ths coors sin x sink ear Shows derivatives af osx ose ct x08 "xs c0seex and cot "x are negative | cass stecx-tans sheeple is 1 eee raen) a Serte nec 10 use the product ule forthe produto constant and a function | nae eee ae We donot need use the quotient enominator i constant. one y shorter te the product rule afer writing th -sne-oh negate exponent of 1. = (oh) Bia see xtanx-seex @ (aoe : = ee aoe | 2243 Determine Y. Ce) yaXB (See Example 23] ——__ —4 Differentiati (0 NE voduie2 4 verninsr Ter FIRSTy=sinxeosx y= cosecx cotx yesecxtane 2.2.3 The chain rule a mote powerful anda more widely applicable rule of that is used to differentiate composite functions The cian 4y du ey isfinction ofan wintvn aoat then = Functions of functions Connery = nan 2 Then conf esi anton ofr kis {function ofa function. We come across such composite functions often and we ‘use the cha ifferentiate them. in 2 isa function of function (composite function), but «product of two Functions, We can use the chain rule to differentiate a com ayy du dy a) funetions [5% = 2 dil Applying the chain rule using substitution To ind the derivative Y wring ut posite function of many on ‘We use w substitution to isolate one ‘of the functic 7 nade rnd and de 4 Sbaitte into the forma Yd ee z aa ae “steps ‘Complete the derivative by rep, BREET vosuie2 ee Meme 101-02) y= sin (cos 2) yesin’x 1 a 3. yasinve 4 5. y=sin (Ine) ‘WET FIRST Applying the chain rule avoiding substitution seater down adi onan shew and 0 on as we have outlined inthe procedure above. We can use the chain rule without substitution, Avoiding substitution makes diferentating using the chaln rale much quicker ‘We can avoid substitution if we note the fllowing (for example): The derivative of sin x with respect taxis cs x ©The derivative of sin 2x wit respect to 2x is cos 2x (and not with respect tx). To get the derivative of sin 2x with respect tox, we multiply cos 2x by the derivative of 2x with respect tox which i 2. Or symbolically 4 isin x] =cos x fisin x1 = cos: d. Tas 4 = 05 Aisin ant= [sin 23)] = cos (24) doo 2 = 208 (28) Looking at another example: i; » Tofind By = 4m ln se!) the chain of dferenttons to ind Ps shown below. This is equivalent to using substitution but avoids oy ds sec!x)]} =| aap ot ‘ure 24 Applying the cn rae wit #4 a, © Therelore f= A ax 2 2esecx) (see stan, (See Example 2.12 later} — = > ovteencavon EERoS | Solution 1 yesin DD Letu wx! bthen y= sin dy og, Yeon Mem Z Letw = Vz, then y=sinw ty 4 oa ae yw ae ae" da dx ogee = sin (c08*) econ then y= sin u 4 x Le cos u -sin% Fi La 2 sin x 08 (608) yesin'x= (ins)? atu = sinxthen y=" ex Mesut ae BO dy 2 ae a. a ade = (u'Keos 2) =5uteosx =5(sin x) "cos x =5sintxcosx ver ARst 7 2 € one EE |r wecan avoid writing, & and and wrt the anewes diet as shown blow yesin—1) y= sin on yesinve ye sinty= (sin s)® y=sin in) D> Livin ev) cos 00 Yd Fi = Bisin 08.0] = cos (cos.9(-sin 0) y=n(sinx) 4. = iloos 20 y=ln can a 4. ee 2 e608.) pote Fo ane Pa emreose00 2 y=Intune 4 yoo fans =}: fn ine le aan] TVET FIRST RETESET —p y=lnGecx+tan 9) 4 | See aeew branaliee stan x see 4 y=In cosecx~ cot He tamer megegl eosec xcot x Come wx are = =cO8eex cotx + cosectx =StieKecotx + cosec!x Coser x= cake = SGitea{conec x— cots) eoueex cate ean ver FIRST Differentiate: y= eos (2x+3) 1 2 3 4 5. 6 2 8 9. 1 y=4in fn Gee!) a de" InGect * e (Or we use substitution: pein ether % rar | at ast Le Tver FRST > |ones Lys 2 yale ED 2 ineach ofthe loving cae pict i mot required) [ys ee WFR epanin UE ve RE NO eer see see xtan x sep" = 82] "(0 + 284] NT pee) 9 Stn hen te pte lor the quotient 2724 —— er IRS [det doors] pc+ zeae for [2x +2cos x(-sin x)} 250k? + coe 24 fete (at + aay] =2fx+ [ans afc? + (a +20) fx" (et +2094] ae fats (xt + 24) foes ales Cots 20x + 24+ 2eN2e +2] Note Wah some pracie, you shouldbe able o write the answer ( the sep ep) and ved wingallthe | Lee oles te Sadler ber oirereniaton ESRI ‘TVET FIRSTattempt to solve these equation for yin terms of x Wecan find 2 by implicit differentiation 2.3.1 Procedure for implicit differenti ‘ion (Baretastann— ahem (BBD iterentiae xand y with ea tox. PEER saree er ten ee very important to note the following (which we also discussed under the ive of constant fn. ih eget icon con mip bX 2h einy) «cosy Z y=Io (Sin x cot 2) tapr2019) ye ees Differentiation TVET FIRST REA ocute ver FIRSTSS SE Solution Find the equation of theta yoBatepn Gg | i tangent tox + y= 25 at the point Baer er ab P= Bate pi Ch | ys are |2x+27Ze0 sconnm ern 15 | om hen | =» is By-3 eo z | #3 train or dope | se product rule to differentiate x*y and y?, eae a | wy- yen Art-tty Ya c323 dy au ? iz fFocsipuet iets vey Bae ae : Eck « ‘Thtforethe ap the agent is? at the point (35 gees eee) iy eee oe a Bory (pa sey)e0 y no vk & Usingy=y, = mee—ny.y=4= Bex (-3) samy -y-ty» pkry-pinter yodadeod ory dee or y-axes ady Cn ae a OR wR by ave > ESR 001 (x? ~ Day) = y? =: aa Be 2a) =P By Determine & ofthe function ex -In (ey) get | sotution ee -In(ay) ja. | egy james dy’ | o{-any$) somyreyeuzsansll vo lament | ‘ em es -lne- 3a eee a : a err(243B) are a win Bsns oe ee | ix ~€08)~ycosx ee eee ed | pany oan oe ee ix\ *) = ~C08 y - y.co8 x dy dy $8 sesh oa 1 ee | % cosy yon x Fag ge 5 — Seng sain | 903 5 gem) aoe Le aeirn | Fre) -z dy 2a po 2e ae Rese ae otereston SEIS ver FIRST aGiven: xy = 6 where cis constant, ‘Use implicit differentiation to show that ma ae a Solution ode tox we gt ‘Using the product rule t diferente with spe sZryoo Using the product rule to ® iferentat with respect ty we get @ © (differentiating with respect tox) (9 (differentiating with respect y) (8 gE voce es yer FIRE 1 Bind iene cco 1 12 13 M4 aeger Et as B4y'~Ae-Gyen ney nay=7 y deter 6 the tangent to a aayt y= 7 at(-233) cosy de Texan 4 sinds de sin y 4. ziay— 9" owe ae iy sln x = a ovteeston EEReS SE |a yea (in y)=Inx*+ In (in x) | tn(ny)=xInx+in ina) Lis () aypen@) ona | ae inyyae z+ -ying(1 etn 5b) ABR veooute2 {neplaed y] [ta =0) [Replaced y] [Noten x" is not xin x*] {Take logs on both sides again) Wax stny= sina} Used the product rule: b cu = wo! svt aw etl Ify= yo where, vend re fanaions fuente i oF dey ode ee = vn dt + wy ME + ye rile ge de rae ae Solution yeu Iny=lnusiny+inw Differentiating both sides with respect tox, we get: 14 1du 1 dw 3B ade Lae, de Vax “Was Ve y= 24 Gin Solution Ifwe take the logarithm of the RHS, we cannot use logarithmic laws because i us consider y=u + v where w= ese separately using the lo TVET FIRST ferentiation to verify the product oivereniacon SI* asin (4) + Inatco89 auffeins in scosa] $e «(gh geass) +Intan x) Vax ~*(sinx Bete 0 inx nate} nar [e(gt east) +n in} 3 1 Use logarithmic diferentiation to find 2, Ll yee: LS y= (2x— eb) tape 2019) i 1a york extn f 13 yetareain yal 4 eee at ysNG DRE DEE + GA) 2. yt use loath andi 4 _y=xlny) 1 earns 3. Use the logarithmic erento method yy du, de y= wn then Fo v6 ul where wand y 4, Use he logarithmic diferentition ma ay vat gde need vet the quotient rue u ay 4 Mey Gothen 3h = BN, lic ferentiation to prove that ‘verify the product rule: ‘te functions of x, where wand vare functions of x, Module 2 Uy=Ce+ Das 206-2, show tha Za ae 5.1 After multiplying out, - 52. Using the product rl 53. Using the logarithmic method. 6. Determine = 7 by dere y Hie aingoguthnicdeeniion penis 3 Detemine nlite ieemiton c 73 y=teotws 74 yaterent (int tan (nx) = x} w 8 Using logarithmic dferentiaton, verify the diferenttion rule fy My=ar,then Patina, Dernie are 0 16 tina eagle 22] Unit 2.5: Inverse trigonometric functions 2.5.1 Introduction to the inverse trigonome! functions You will remember fom N¢ thatthe inverse ofa given function is obtained by interchanging the x and the yin its equation Definition of an inverse function ‘An inverse function is function that ‘reverses another function (undoes the action of another function), fe=yesig)=x For example, consider the function y= 2x + 3. The ‘an be easly rearranged to yin terms ofx. Then = 2943, 29 + Sor 2y gue 25, Novation Jor re rigonometne fonctions ‘TVET FIRST. Differentiation ET |hey ona ou find ai ore popular tha means that x= SiN. 3 defnon ofan ave 75 ans = 3 and soon, These can east be proved seclsec 2) =x cose (cose 2} = cot learn how to differentiate i se trigonometric functions, 2.5.2 Differentiation of inverse trigonometric functions avers trigonometric functions are given se numbers 16-21). Before we learn how 10 fr aminton papers rn hw thse, are derived. noes Deriving the differentiation formulae for i : iver trigonometric functions se a y=sin" xory=arcsin x poe (igintzhtemetey sine (The inverse ofy= sin xis ale {By definition of ines function) siny, x=siny ‘se (RE vue b)y= cos! yrcor'x x=cosy 1a -sinyZ Pal any aol d)y=cosec*x yecoee's ea 4 1 wos ycoty ‘TET FIRST aver Fist ie of sin y with respect tay is cas y — oth sides with respect to x a [Because sin y= 2) (By definition of inverse function} [Because cosy =x] of averse function) [see'y=1 + ty] beetany] Differentiation: (cue coeey feos caaey fxecosey] eT e)y=secx yemetx 4 L=snpinag 4 ae" eyeny L Aer y= cot! yeas a=coty General formulae ‘We can derive a general formula forthe derivatives fon =cosy 4 feo BOSS © es luety «14 tany ty =YREET= 11 (e=secy] (cosee! y=1+ coy] bx=coty] of igonometi the above derivations, a lety=sin-'fox, (By deiniton of overs fncion) cosy= Iman (faa =siny Lay 1 [eg] i | derivative of x derivative of f(x) 7 x aire Cast gg) Y= LO yssinty O yasin-tfzy 2 = a Tq a T-Ter square of x square of f(x) Figure 26 ding the derivative of on ere function ‘You should be able to derive the general formulae fr the other five trigonometric functions ina similar way Try it out in Activity 2. » | 4 yreoeeryen Bor 2 peelies é 3 yrwcyon Za ‘TOTAL: ‘When you ate asked to diferentiatean inverse function, you can use the formulae (standard derivatives) inthe formula sheet as shown in the examples ‘below. To prove or derive a differentiation formula, you must use the method shown above. TVET FIRST Differentiation TVET RS{sing the product le] (ota cos", we will use the formula for the prz21) TOTAL: (so) | 2.5.3 Introduction to graphs of inverse trigonometric functions TVET FIRST Diferentation aaFigure 2.7 ‘we note that points. Not two point Notetheowing pins sbouta gon SINE |e se Thex-andy coordinates of every pointona BSED SSS ners sare ph fr ample Gr A}ony=27a0 edon=~7" raph et re nea ait ty ot a REN WADE SS symmetry ofthe iverse dearer ofa pha the econ othe nga graphite Hine = ‘Now lt us consider the graph f= fr certain ters in Figure 28. x | yaa vnens>0 a is (e)y=stwhenx> 0 Inverse of y=2 when x> 0 I funtion yo. scapes yar whenxOortox

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