Bicol University

GFD 23: FABRIC AND

GARMENT DESIGNING
TECHNIQUES 2

PROF. ROSE VILLANUEVA

Course Facilitator
 PRESENTERS
BTVTED – GFD 2A

Bagalay, Mark Reyniel P. Lositaño, Twinky Kimberly E.

“Trace Me Up, Before You Go-Go!!”

Let’s energize ourselves!

SILK SCREEN PRINTING
 Learning Objectives
1 Explain the materials, tools, and step-by-
step process of manual silk screen printing.

Demonstrate proper stencil preparation

2
and ink application techniques.

3 Appreciate silk screen printing as a

creative and practical skill.
What is Silk Screen Printing?
 What is Silk Screen Printing?

Silkscreen printing, also called

screen printing, is an ancient
method of using ink through a
stenciled mesh to create printed
designs.

It is often known by the name;

Serigraph, which is a blend of two
Greek words. Seicos, which means
silk, and graphos, meaning writing.
History of Silk Screen Printing
The History of Screen Printing

Screen printing is an ancient art form. An early version of the

technique was first pioneered in China, around AD 950, as a
method of printing patterns onto fabric.

Several centuries later, Japanese artisans adopted the practice

to transfer designs onto paper and fabric, using a stiff brush to
push ink through a mesh screen woven from human hair.

Screen printing arrived in Europe in the 18th century, but it

was slow to catch on as a fabric printing method owing to the
high cost of silk mesh at the time. Once the Silk Road made
imported silk more affordable, screen printing gradually
became a popular — and profitable — way to print fabric.

By the early 20th century, printers had developed photo-

sensitised emulsions, allowing artisans to create complex
stencil designs much more easily.
The History of Screen Printing

In the 1930s, artists began experimenting with screen printing

as an artistic medium, naming their new-found form
'serigraphy' to distinguish it from industrial printing.

By the 1960s, artists such as Eduardo Paolozzi and Andy

Warhol were using screen printing to create fine art. Dubbed
'pop-art', the artist used screen-printing to create multiple
copies of a single image, essentially questioning what
constituted fine art. Warhol's famous Marilyn Diptych is
perhaps the best-known example of screen printing as an
artistic form.

Nowadays, screen printing is used both as an artistic medium

and as a commercial printing process. One stencil can be used
to reproduce the same design hundreds or even thousands of
times, so it’s a brilliant technique for producing large orders
of custom clothing.
Benefits of Silk Screen Printing
Benefits of Silkscreen Printing

Excellent For Long-Term

Flexible Printing Method Display
Can apply a heavy ink coverage,
Can use surfaces of various
resulting in a durable design.
materials (paper, plastic,
Additionally, certain coatings
fabric, metal, wood, glass, and additives can make the ink
etc.) resistant to UV rays, scratches,
moisture and chemicals.

Strong Coverage Of Ink Layer

The vibrant and bolder colours produced by screen printing
is quite tricky to replicate with other techniques. For
multiple colour designs, separate layers are used, which
allows each colour to preserve its actual brilliancy. There is
almost endless design freedom when using screen priting.
Benefits of Silkscreen Printing

Inexpensive Process Exceptional speed and

A relatively affordable method,
efficiency
especially if you only use a few
colors and don’t create oversized Screen printing is one of the
designs. The cost of screen most efficient and fast
printing generally depends on printing techniques once a
many factors, including: The size screen has been created. It is
of your prints, number of of
an excellent option if the
colors used, number of printing
same design is to be printed
locations, level of ink coverage,
quantity and types of garments. over and over again.

Can Be Done Manually Or Via Machine

Can be done either by hand or by using a special machine.
Other printing methods can only be completed by using one
or the other. When selecting a screen printing press, be sure
to consider factors such as budget and space.
 Where does Silk Screen Printing
are being used?

Screen printing is incredibly versatile and can be

used on a variety of surfaces and materials. Some
of the most common applications include:

1. Textile Printing
2. Signage and Posters
3. Promotional Products
4. Electronics and Appliances
5. Art and Fine Prints
6. Ceramics and glass
7. Logos
Silk Screen Printing Machines
Silkscreen Machines

Silk screen machines come in different sizes, durability, color stations, prices,
and weight, depending on the need of the printing companies. Based on
functioning, they are categorized into three major types; automatic, semi-
automatic, and manual.

An Automatic Machine A Semi-Automatic Machine A Manual Machine is

completely operates on is somewhat mechanized, totally functioned by
its own and requires no which means it involves hand, meaning it needs
labor. some human labor to change proper labor for its
the items being printed. operation.
Tools and Materials Needed
Tools and Materials:

1. Mesh Screen
A mesh fabric stretched over a frame;
the mesh size depends on the type of
design and the ink you're using.

2. Squeegee
A flat tool used to spread ink evenly
across the screen and force it through
the mesh to print the design onto the
fabric.
Tools and Materials:

3. Stencil
A pre-designed template that is either
adhered to or created within the screen.
The design is left open where ink can
pass through.

4. Palette Knife
Used for mixing and applying ink to the
screen, ensuring distribution of the ink.
Tools and Materials:

5. Cutter/Scissor
Manually cut the paper with a specific
shapes, patterns, and designs in paper.

6. Masking Tape
Used to block unwanted areas of the
screen to prevent ink from seeping
through those sections.
Tools and Materials:

7. Ink
Specialized screen printing ink for
fabric, which comes in various colors
and finishes (e.g., matte, glossy, or
metallic).

8. Fabric
T-shirts, paper, or other items that you
want to print on.
Methods of Silk Screen Printing
1. Gray Scale Printing
• This screen printing type
is an impressive technique
for printing full-color
images as one-color half-
tones or greyscales.
However, the prints appear
with great details when
more dots are in the half-
tone. This process differs
from a black-and-white
method.
1. Gray Scale Printing

• Grayscale printing uses a

range of gray tones (from
black to white) for images
and text, while black and
white printing uses only
pure black and white,
without any shades of gray.
2. Spot Color Printing
• Spot colors are solid colors
created using a specific
premixed ink, usually based
on Pantone Matching
System (PMS) colors.

• Pantone colors are

standardized, and each one
is assigned an individual
number and name, which
designers and printers in
different locations can use
to easily identify the same
exact color.
3. CMYK Four Color Printing

CMYK, or four-color
process printing, uses cyan,
magenta, yellow, and black
inks to create a wide range
of colors by layering tiny
dots of these inks on paper,
a method widely used in
commercial printing for
full-color images.
4 Half-Tone Printing

Half-tone printing involves

the printing of single colors
in gradients. The whole
process adopts a single ink
color, usually half-toned, so
the printing gives a
different shade when
viewed from afar. This
technique is suitable for
multicolor printing
appearance without actually
printing in multiple colors.
5. Duo-Tone Printing

The Duotone printing

method combines two half-
tones to print the same
image using two colors. It
prints the first black half-
tone with black ink while
using color ink to print the
second half-tone. This
printing method is identical
to sepia-toned print in
photography. It offers an
artsy and elegant effect.
6. Simulated Process Printing

Simulated process printing

also known as “Sim
Printing” is a method of
screen printing that
achieves a photorealistic,
full-color image using fewer
ink colors than traditional
four-color process (CMYK)
printing.
6. Simulated Process Printing

Instead of relying solely on

four primary colors (cyan,
magenta, yellow, and black),
sim process utilizes a
smaller number of spot
colors (like Pantone colors)
and combines them using
halftones and gradients to
create a wider range of
colors.
7. Manual Silk Screen Printing

a traditional printing
method that involves using
a mesh screen, stencil, and
ink to transfer designs onto
various surfaces, such as
fabric, paper, or plastic. It is
widely used for making
custom t-shirts, posters, and
other printed materials.
 FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED
BEFORE PERFORMING THE TASK

A. Work Place Set-Up

1. Clean and Well-Ventilated Area – Keep the workspace free from dust
and debris, as these can affect print quality.
2. Flat and Stable Work Surface – A sturdy table or workbench helps in
precise printing and prevents movement during the process.
3. Proper Lighting – Bright lighting is essential for accurately aligning
designs and exposing the screen properly.
4. Drying Area – Have a space for drying prints, preferably with racks
or a heat press for curing the ink.
B. Safety and Precautions
• Protective Gear – Wear gloves when
handling chemicals.

• Proper Ink Disposal – Dispose of ink

and chemicals responsibly to avoid
environmental damage.

• Fire Safety Measures – Keep

flammable materials away from heat
sources.

• Ink Spills - You can use your aprons to

protect your clothes from having stains
and dirt.
C. Prepare the Tools and Materials
Needed

✓ Stencil Design
✓ Silk Screen
✓ Fabric/Cloth
✓ Fabric Paints
✓ Squeegee
✓ Cutter/Scissor
✓ Masking Tape
 PROCEDURE FOR MANUAL
SILK SCREEN PRINTING

1. Layout the paper stencil using a cutter/scissor.

2. Position the stencil under the silkscreen.
3. Ensure to block unnecessary holes from the silk
screen.
4. Apply small amount of fabric paint over the silk
screen.
5. Glide the fabric paint using your squeegee.
6. Carefully remove the silkscreen from the fabric.
7. Let the paint dry first.
8. To ensure the paint will not fade, you can heat
press it using iron.
Stencil Designing and Creation
STENCIL DESIGNING/CREATING

is the process of making a cut-out

template that allows you to
repeatedly apply a design, pattern,
or lettering onto a surface. Stencils
are typically used for painting,
printing, crafting, and decoration.
PROCESS:

1. Design Selection: Choose a design, pattern, or text for your stencil. It can
be hand-drawn or digitally created using software like Adobe Illustrator or
Canva.
2. Material Selection: Stencils can be made from paper, plastic, metal, or
cardboard, depending on durability and usage.
3. Cutting the Stencil: The design is cut out using tools like craft knives,
laser cutters, or stencil-cutting machines (e.g., Cricut, Silhouette).
4. Application: The stencil is placed on the desired surface (walls, fabric,
wood, etc.), and paint or ink is applied through the cut-out areas to transfer
the design.
5. Reusability & Cleaning: Plastic and metal stencils can be cleaned and
reused multiple times, while paper-based ones are usually single-use.
 CONCLUSION

Silk screen printing is a versatile and efficient method for

producing high-quality designs on various surfaces. With the
right materials, techniques, and creativity, it allows for durable
and vibrant prints, whether for personal, commercial, or artistic
purposes. Mastering this process opens up endless possibilities
for customization and business opportunities. By
understanding the steps involved, anyone can create unique
and professional designs through silk screen printing.
References:
• What is Screen Printing? Process, Types, and Benefits. Retrieved from
https://waykenrm.com/blogs/screen-printing-process/

• Basic Silk Screen Printing for Beginners. Retrieved from

https://youtu.be/bIHqEqATiNs?si=EJ9282p-jXdgBmmu
Thank you for listening!