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 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN piEGO

3 1822 01898 3668

fHE UNIVEf?5;iTY LlRRARY

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. SAN CIEGO
LA JOLLA. CALIFORNIA
 Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive
in 2008 witii funding from
IVIicrosoft Corporation

littp://www.arcliive.org/details/egyptianselftaugOOtliim
 EGYPTFAN COINAGE.
SILVEE.

2 Piastres, T.

10 riASTKt.H, Tariff. 1 Piastre, T.

NICKEL.

1 Rlll.I.U-MK. 2 M II.I.IKMES.

[P.O. 619H.] [See p. 80.]

MARLBOROUGH'S SELF-TAUGHT SERIES.

Egyptian Self-Taught
(ARABIC).

CONTAINING

Alphabet and Pronunciation —

—
Vocabularies Elementary Grammar Idiomatic —
Phrases & Conversations Travel Talk — —
Money, Weights and Measures.

BY

CAPTAIN C. A. THIMM.

Fourth Edition, Revised and Enlarged by

MAJOR R. A. MARRIOTT, D.S.O.

London :

E. MARLBOROUGH & CO., 51, Old Bailey, E.C

1914.

[all rights reserved.]

 —

NOTE TO THIRD EDITION.

It has been the fashion since the occupation of Egypt to speak

slightingly of the colloquial form of Arabic in use there.

This is partly because, as is the case in every country, the

commoner forms of speech seem uncouth and unclassical to
students who have learnt their Arabic either in universities, from
viunshis in India, or from Syrians (who are frequently in Egypt
the professed instructors).

The basis of the common speech is, however, classical, though

not directly recognisable as such. The fact that some of the words
have not been encountered in the comparatively scanty literature
of the Arabs, nor in the Koran, does not preclude them from being
Arabic, though the forms of speech may not rank higher than such
English forms as shan't, ain't, and Tve.
Take, for instance, the word so often heard balldsh, gratis (used
often where "gratis" is scarcely the trahslation). This is the
Egyptian form of bila shcy, without anything; and mush (not) is
via shcy, like the ne and pas in French, though the proper
negative is ind, Id, or leyss.

The Egyptian language has also the characteristic of using many

words in their diminutive form. Thus md, water, becomes moyyah ;

saghir, small, saghayijar, hence also the form sliutudyyah which

again is scarcely recognisable in the expression bi shtveysh meaning
slowly. Further, letters are sometimes transposed zog, a pair,
:

becomes guz yiVan becomes yin'al, the most common expletive in

;

use, in the form yin'al abuk ! " May your father be cursed" 1

Some scholars are of opinion that the Egyptian Arabic, showing

kinship with the Aramaic, is entitled to as high a place in the
pedigree of the langua.ge as is the language of the Koran.

Everyone of standing or education in Egypt speaks with a

superstructure of good Arabic, so that a student of the language
may rest assured that as he advances in knowledge of the
expressions and words used amongst the educated natives he i?
learning Arabic which will stand him in good stead elsewliere.

R. A. MARRIOTT.
CUelintiford, Iy07,
 PREFACE.

THIS little manual intended as a practical handbook of

is

colloquial Arabic, as spoken in Egypt, for the Army and

Navy, Travellers, Missionaries and Traders, in the Nile Valley
and Delta, or in the Sudan.
By the use of this book, students, tourists and others will find
they are quite competent to make themselves understood by all
classes of Arabs met with in Egypt, the Sudan, and a considerable
part of North Africa.

Full Vocabularies of words in common, every-day use are sup-

plied, including a comprehensive list of Military
particularly
terms and a useful section of Conversational Phrases and Sentences
of a practical character. In addition an outline of the Grammar
of Arabic is given, and students of the Language will find this of
great assistance in mastering the construction of sentences.

In the Vocabularies the plural has in most cases been added to

the nouns, as well as the imperative of the verbs, which also
occasionally presents diificulties.

The system of transliteration adopted is of a simple and phonetic

character,and is clearly laid down at the commencement of the
book, where the forms of the Arabic. characters are given, together
with a full explanation of the peculiarities of pronunciation, the
Egyptian rendering of the Arabic alphabet, and the equivalent
—
sound of each letter in English thus supplying the key to the
second column throughout.
Thanks are due to Professor Flinders Petrie for revising the
proofs, and to Sir Alfred Milner, K.C.B., Dr. Andrew Watson,
Captain H. C. Prichard, Mr. D. A. Cameron and others for useful
suggestions made.
 CONTENTS.
PAGE
The Alphabet 5
The Forms of the Letters 6
Remarks on the Pronunciation of Arabic ... ... ... 8
Vocabularies. —Pages 12 to 60.
Animals, Birds and Fishes 14
Colours 34
Commercial and Trading Terms 59
Countries and Nations ... ... ... ... ... ... 31
Eating and Cooking Utensils 21
Fruits, Trees, Flowers, Herbs and Vegetables 16
Government Ministries and Administrations 45
House and Furniture 22
Mankind: Relations ... ... ... ... ... ... 18
Dress 19
Pood and Drink 20
Human Body, The 16
Militan-y Titles 46
Naval and Military Terms 47
Numbers: Cardinal, Collective... ... ... ... ... 32
Parts of Speech: Adjectives, Adverbs, Conjunctions,
etc..
Interrogatives, Prepositions, Pronour^s, Verbs ... 34 to 45
Professions and Trades 24
Religious Words for Missionary \Yorkers 60
Reptiles and Insects ... ... ... ... 15
Ships and Shipping 25
Shooting Implements and Fishing Tackle 28
Time and Seasons 29
Town and Country ... ... ... ... ... ... 23
Travelling 26
World and its Elements, The 12
Land and Water Minerals and Metals
; 13
Writing 27

The Grammar of Arabic— Pages 61 to 66.

Remarks —The Verb Auxiliary Verbs General Formation
: ;

ofTenses — Pronoun — Formation of Plurals — Definite

Article — Negative — Adjective — Polite Diction.
Conversations. —Pages 67 to 79.
Directions to Workmen .. 72
Travel Talk Arrival
: 73
An Excursion 76
On the Nile 77
The Railway 74
Simple and Practical Phrases 68
Useful and Necessary Expressions 67
Weights and Measures 79
Egyptian Money 80
EGYPTIAN LANGUAGE (ARABIC).

PHONETIC TRANSLITERATION.

1.

THE ALPHABET.

The Arabic Alphabet is composed of the 2S following

letters, all of which are written, like most Eastern Lan-
guages, from the right hand to the left. Each letter
assumes a different form according to its position at
the beginning, middle or end of the word.
The following characters are written:—-
1. when totally unconnected with any other letter.
2. when at the end of a word, or joined only to the
letter preceding.

3. when connected with the preceding and following

letters.

4. when at the beginning of a word, or joined only to

the letter following.
 THE FORMS OF THE LETTERS.
When joined to other letters. |

When
unconnec- Medial,
Final, Initial, Pronunciation
ted with joined to
Name. other
joined to
preceding
joiued to in Egypt.
preceding following
characters.
only.
and only.
following.

Alif ! I — a

Bey ^ V^ A ^ b

Tey c^ ViA A J t

They CJ t^ A 'J t (Arabic th

or s)

Gim
c r rs\ s- g (Arabic j)

Ha i^V s>. h
C e
Kha ^\. ^ kh
t e
Dal <:> tX — — d

Zal 6 tX z

Rey ; 7 y
— r

Zeyn z
; > /
Sin LT LT* A«A •M/ 8

Shin •w sh
LT lA AWb

Sad UO (j^ J>D. ^ s

Dhad U^ c>A -^ ^ d
 \Ylien joined to othe ' letters.
When
unconnec- Medial,
Pronunciation
Final, Initial,
ted witli joined to
Name. other
joined to
preceding
joined to In Egypt.
preceding following
characters. and only.
only.
following.

Tha h h. k J^ t

Zha {or Dha) h ^ k \b Z

A & aa
'Ain e t
A h gh
Ghain t d
Fey o v^ A i f

A
Qaf O (J-
'i
q {or g)

Kaf ^d ^JL s: ^ S ^ k

Lam J J^ JL J 1

j\Iim r r
A m

Nun 'J ^ A J D

Hey s & ^ » h

Wilu w, u.
^ ^
V
Yey ^ (5
A I

The forms I j 6 » \ and , are used as connecting letters.

From J and Lam-Alif are formed^

\ or lil, in connection ^
From j (n) and is, (kh) is formed the ligature ii.

Many other ligatures are formed, especially in writing.

 —

REMARKS ON THE PRO^'UNCIATION OP ARABIC.

Where in English we have more than one pronunciation for
a letter we are content to leave it so, but the Arabic alphabet
contains a different letter for every sound in the language.
Though Arabic has no j? and v, it has two h sounds, two t, two
s, two d, two 2, and two k sounds, besides the c and the c
sounds — which last are (as far as English is concerned) peculiar
to Arabic. These two are often quoted as the chief difficulties

in mastering the Arabic pronunciation ; but though strange to our

ears, they are soon mastered sufficiently for practical purposes.
The real difficulties are more subtle, and very often not recognized
until some mastery of the language has been obtained.

The c, transcribed 'din, is a sound which is linked with the

vowel-sounds of a (long), ee (English), and u, but generally with
the a, and can be distinguished from ^hem, even by a not very
precise ear. It can be attained by practice, and is a vowel-sound
produced far back and down in the throat. Special throat-
muscles must be developed to produce it, so that a European can
never imitate the sound at the first attempt.

The c (ghain) is much more easily acquired, as it is a sound

which is approached very nearly in many European tongues
in Northumbrian English, in the r 'grasseyS' in French, and
in the German r. It requires the muscles of the throat to be in
the '
gargling ' position whilst pronouncing r.

The p- (hlid) represents nearly the sound of the Scotch c/i, as in

loch, and of ch in the German language. In Egyptian it is rendered

harder by placing the muscles of the throat as in clearing it.

The <». (g'tni) is, in Egypt, pronounced as a hard g, but the

Arab population keep the correct soft y.

The *- (hd) is quite as difficult as the 'atn to master. It

is the sound of h in '

hard,' emitted with great force, and is, as
a rule, the last difficulty to be overcome, because the importance
of the distinction is not at first recogniz<jd. This ako is made at

the back of the throat. In words like suhk, '

morning/ it gives

an extra syllable, and when it occurs twice in a word (as sakih,

'
true,') it presents a great difficulty.

The peculiar to Arabic, and is a throat h which

J ('Z''/)
is

seems to present some trouble even to Arabic-speaking peojjle,

because it is generally rendered by the sound of a hard g, and in
Cairo is inaudible. Thus f»^
qoom (' Get up !
') would sound
like 'oom in Cairo and goom in the provinces. The lapse of this

q in Cairo adds considerably to the difficulty of grasping the

words] therefore special attention is called to words in which
q is transcribed. Daqlqali, 'a minute,' is pronounced da-ee-a*
The ^ (til) does not call for much comment. Properly speak-
ing it is like an s when lisped, and is to most Arabs, even in
Arabia, as difficult to pronounce as it is to a German or French-

man, and consequently is generally given the sound of s in official

Arabic, but in colloquial Egyptian it has only the sound of f.

^^ja, u^, h and H —

The subtler distinctions made between the
two kinds of s, d, t and z are not very important to a beginner,
but as the student advances he will have to make the distinctions,
especially when he comes to writing. It may be said that the
difTcrence consists in pronouncing the ^j.*, ^, Is and 4> as s, d,

t and 2 far back in the throat, ending the sound by the tongue
approaching the palate instead of the front teeth.

To recapitulate, the alphabet is given as follows, in order,

stating only the equivalent sounds with regard to the Egyptian

language.
I Alif, most frequently as a in father; sometimes more like
the u in but.
wJ Beij, like the English b.

O Tei/, like the English t.

* As Cairo is the capital and the centre of erlucatiou, all officials Id

the country pronounce tlic Qaf similarly.

 10

^ Tltey, like the English t. (See p. 9.)

«^ Glm (gcem), like the English hard g. Among the Arabs
^ it is called jeem, and pronounced soft, like g in germ.

9- Hd. (See p. 8.)

Klid. (See
^ p. 8.)

i Dal, like the English d.

3 Zdl, like the English z.

J
7?e//, like English r (or rather rr) in terror.

j Zci/n, like the English z.

^_f^ Shi (seen), like the English s.

^ Shin (sheen), like the English sh,

,jo Sad, like the English s. \

^ Dhdd, like the Englisli d.
nu- T^ ,^,
{

r
,r,
(^See p. 9.)
y
,
Tha, like .1
-1
the English t.
.
I
'
'

Ji D/ia, or ^/ia, like the English z. j

"^
p
/-.,
Ghdm.
. r (See p. 8, — and p. 11 for transcription.)
)

y^J Fcij, like the English /.

^ Qdf, hard ^ in the provinces, in Cairo inaudible.

like a

J Kdf, like the English h. (See p. 9.)

J Lam, like the English /.

J\Ihn (meem), like the English ?«.
^
iV(7)i (noon), like the English ?i.
(J
a 7^e(/, like the English h. When it has two dots over it (t)
itbecomes a t. In Egyptian, words properly ending in *
are pronounced as if it were 5.

6 Wdu (woic), has the sound of w, or of oo as in soon, accord-

ing to circumstances.
English and terminally has also the sound
o Yei/, like the y,
of ee in English.

The beginner will do well not to spend too much time in attempting
to master the various forms of the letters (pp. G, 7) they will be learnt in ;

a practical way by trying to read words, names of stations, streets, &c.

In order to render the pronunciation as given in these pages

as conciseand as clear as possible without attempting to distin-
guish the more delicate inflections of sound, which might serve
 11

—
only to confuse tlie reader namely, the different kinds of -s d, t,
Mui c,— the following transcription is given, and should be
continually referred to by the learner until he is familiar with it.
a short, for the sound of ?t in but. o long, for the sound of o hwpole.

a long, ,, ,,
a in father. zt short, ,, ,, n in put.

e short, ,, ,,
e in met. u long, ,, ,, 00 in soon,
i short, ,, i iu tit-bit. di (or ay), ,, ,,
i in wine,
,,

I long, ee in meet. cif^ ,, ,, ai in tvain.

,, ,,

in work. an oiv in cow.

short, ,, ,,
., ,,

'n, for the different vowel-inflections of the ^

'«, 'e, '•/, 'o,
'aln,

as Ufa ('belonging to'), saZ^'m (' seventy '), and '»/»/

kh for the sound of ch in loch and German ich, but it is

not nearly so soft, and is more raucous.

h for hard /(., as in subh ('morning'), sahlh ('true').

gli, for c (ghdin), as in Meghagha (station south of Caim).

A comma following a letter, as in rd,{s (' head,' or ' foreman'),

represents the hamza inflection, which is a sort of catch in the

voice. The difference in the pronunciation is exemplified by the

difference between a nice house and an ice house.
All other letters given will be pronounced as in English. In
a few cases the acute accent has been inserted for the accented
syllable, ns Iraldhna, 'we wrote.'

Notes on the Tonic Accent. -The tonic accent or stress falls —

naturally on a syllable containing a vow^el marked with along or an
acute accent; e.g., tdra, f/hordb, inardl;hi, taldmza, mosl;6wi, allcih.

It is also indicated by the duplication of letters and by the

occurrence of the hard /*. ; e.g., iiiakJmd'dah, arhag't/i, felnk'hah,
eh'iia, istah'kam.
The f. {'ain), except in the rare case of its being final, re-

quiring more effort to pronounce, also indicates the accent ; e.g.,

bit'ai.
In many
instances where the stress is not specially indicated,
it fallsquite naturally on the right syllable e.g., heijtah, ;

tarabei/zah, diinanmalt (hey'tah, tarabey'zah, dunan'mah).

In other cases, where no vowel in a word is accented, the
syllables have equal stress laid on them e.g., i/Jiada, nafas, ;

iahrah, maksab, sanawat d (jamal.

The final ah of nouns and adjectives, representing the
aspirate « must from its nature have less stress than the pre-
,

ceding syllable in two-syllable words it has not been thought :

necessary, therefore, to accent such words as labaaJi, uardah.

• Annroachinsi the short ?t in valuo.
 12

VOCABULARIES.

ABBREVIATIONS.
Ii.— Lower Egypt. U.— Upper Egypt.
Plti. Plural. Imp. Imperative.
N.B.—The Idenotes the preseuce of yey (see page 10) in the Arabic, as
does also final i. Thus 'arableh (carriage) when plural becomes 'aralniiut
as the yey in such words has more of the sound value of y. The feminine
ah becomes at before a vowel, e.g., es sikkat el hadid (the railway).

1. The World and its Elements.

English. Arabic—Phonetic Pronunciation.

God Allah
Creator khali q
world dunya
sky sama, gau
sun shems, sems (l.), shemsh (u.)
moon qamar
star nigmah
air haua
earth ard
water moyyah
fire nar
sea bahr
animal hay wan, plu. haywanat
cattle pill, bahayim
nature tab'iah
light niir
dark atmah, zalara
weather haua
wind rih, plu. aryfih
storm nau
cloud ghaim
rain matar
snow, ico telg
hail bard, galld
tIniDder ra'ad
lightning barq
 13

English. AnABic. — Phonetic rroiiuiici;i

fog- shahurah
heat hararah
cold bard, barid
North bahri, shemal
South qibli
East sharq
West gharb
whirlwiiiil zoba'ah
North-wind tiyab
earthquake zilzilah, phi. zalazil
echpse of the sun inkisaf
echpse of the moon |
khusuf

2. Land and Water.

Lahd ard
island gezlrah, plu. gazayir
mountain gebel, 2^Ztt. gibfil

valley wadi
river bahr, plu. bubiir
lake birkah
water moyyah
rock sakhrah, plu. sukhui
wave •
mogah, 2jZ». dmwag
shore barr, shati, sahil
garden gineynah, plu. ganayii
reservoir khazzan
mound kom, plu. kiman
the first cataract shallalah el auwal
the second cataract shallalah et-tani
clay tin
clear water moyyah rayqah
cold water moyyah baridah
hot water moyyah sukhnah

3. Min erals and Metals.

Gold dahab
silver faddah
copper nahhas alimar
brass nahhas asfar
iron hadid
 u
English. Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.

tin safleh, tanak

steel solb, bulad
lead rusas
coal (charcoal stone) fahra hagar
marble rokham
stone hagar
sand rami, ramleh
metal m'adan, jjIu. ma'adin
charcoal fahm hatab
mineral m'adani
amber kahraman
granite sa^van
gravel hasil, local haswah
mercury )
zeybaq
quicksilver j

5. Animals, Birds a^d Fishes.

Animal Ijaywan, plu. haywanat

horse hosan, plu. kheyl
cow baqarah
calf igl, plu. agul
lion sab'a, pZ». sub'ua
lioness labwah, ^du. labwat
pig khanzlr, plu. khanazir
sheep ghanam
lamb kharuf, ^jZ?/. khirfan
goat m'izah, jdn. ma'iz
dog kelb, f»ZM. kelab
cat qottah, plu. qotat
hare arnab, plu. aranib
AVOlf dib, plu. diyab
fox ta'aleb
mouse, rat far, plu. firan
cock dik, plu. doyuk
hen farkhah, ^jZu. firakh
fowl teyr, tiyur
2jZ((.

chicken katkut, 2>Zw. katakit

goose wizzah, plu. wizz
 15

English. Arabic— Phone tic l^ronunciation.

duck batta, plu. batt

bird asfur, }du. asafir
dove yamnamah, ^)?». yamam
eagle nisr, plu. nesur
crow ghorab
turkey dik rumi
pelican rakhamah
birdlime dibk
owl burnah
pigeon hamamah, plu. hamam
hawk saqr
partridge hagal
fish samak
lobster abu-galambo
cattle ma-washi, bahayim {bovine)
mule baghlah, plu. bigbfil
camel gamal, plu. ginial
hump of the camel sanamat el gamal
donkey honiar, plu. hemir
dromedary haglu, plu. hegana
elephant fll, plu. afyal

horse shoe liidwa, plu. liadawi

hide (of a beast) gild, plu.gelud
horn qurn, plu. qorun
monkey nisnas, plu. nasanis
quail simmanah
sandgrouse qatt'a
gazelle ghazal

5. Rep tiles and Insects.

White ant dddah, 2'^"- <iud

ant namlah, plu. naml
fly dibbanah, }dii, dibban
bee nalilab, phi. nahl
flea barghut, plu. baraghit
spider 'ainkabiit
crocodile timsali, 2>lu. tamash
wasp dabbur, plu. dobablr
mosquito namiisah, plu. namus
moth ittah
 16

English Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.

DUg baqqah, phi. baqq

insect hasharah, waghish
reptiles dabib, ha-wam
dofd'ah, plu. dafad'ih

6. Fruit, Trees , Flowers, Herbs and Vegetables

Fruits fawakih
apple tiflah
pear kommittrah
plum barkukah, plu. barkuk
tree shagarah, pin. ashgar, or
nut gozah [shagar
walnut goz
grapes 'aneb
lemon leymun
oak ballut
rose wardah
flower zahrah, jdu. zuhur
grass hashish x
herbs negll
barley sha'ir
cabbage koronb
carrots gazar
cauliflower karnabit
celery karafs
cinnamon qirfah
clove qor6nfil
corn ghallah or qamlj
garlic torn
melon battikh
yellow melon abdel-lawi, shamam
olives zeytun
onions bassal

7. The Human Body.

Body gasad, gism
skin gild, ;;Zit. gelud
heart qalb, plu. quiub
liead ras, plu. ru-us
hair sh'arab, plu. sh'ar
 17

English. Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.

face wish, wegli

forehead gibhah
eye 'ayn, phi. 'ayun
nose manakhlr
nostrils monkh^r
mouth hanak, fomm
tongue lissan
ear widn, jjZ». audan
neck 'onq or rakabah, pin. rikab
back dahr
belly batn
stomach m'ida
eh in qasabat errigl, saq, p Ji/. slqan
foot rigl, qadam
arm dira'a
hand yed
finger soba'a, plu. sawabi'a
finger-nail dofr, pill, adafir
thumb bahim
eye-lid gifn, plu. gifiin
eye-brow hagib, phi. hawagib
eye-lash rimsh, phi. rimusli
tooth sinn, phi. assnan
molar ders, phi. adras
beard dakn
elbow ku'a, phi. akw'a
blood dam
lungs fish shah
blindness 'am a
dumb akhras
deaf atrash
dead mayyifc
alive 'ayish, hai
naked aryan
bowels masarin
navel sorrah
right-hand yemin
left-hand shemal
hand (palm of the) kalf
breath nafas
drum of the ear somakh el widn
Egyptian S.T. Q
 18

English. Ababio.— Phonetic Pronunciation.

8. Mankind; Relations.

People nas
man ragil, 2)Zm. rigal
woman marah, 2'^"- nisswan
husband zog
wife zogah, marah
boy walad, plu. aulad
girl bint, plu. benat
parents walideyn
father abu
mother omm, plu. ommaliat
son ibn, walad ;flu. abna or beni,
aulad
daughter bint
brother akhii, plu. akhwan
sister okbt, plu. akhawat
female nitayah
male dakar, zakar ;
plu. dokiir,
zokur
maid (virgin) bint bikr, plu. benat bukkar
widow azbah, armalah
widower azib
bride arusah, plu. arayis
bridegroom arls, 2^lu. irsan
fatherless yatim
relation qarabah
relative qarib
Christian maslhi, nusrani
grand -child ibn el ibn, ibn el bint, hafid
grand -fat her gidd
grand -mother giddah
negro 'abd, plu. 'abid
negress garyah, plu. guwar
nephew ibn el akb, ibn el okht
niece bint el akh, bint el okbt
 19

English. Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.

9. Dress.

Coat sitrah
cloak barnus
shirt qamis, pi. qumsan
waistcoat sadeyrah
pocket geyb, plu. go-yub
button zirr, plu. ezrar
stockings shorabat, gorabat
boots gazmah
shoe markiib, gazmah ;
plu. mara-
kib, gizam
hat borneytah, plu. barauTt
handkerchief mandll, plu. manadll
watch sa'ah
purse kiss, jilu. akyass
brush furshah, jylu. forash
comb misht, plu. amshat
gloves guanti, kufuf
soap sabiin
ring khatim, plu. khawatim
shawl shal, plu. shilan
a pair of trousers bantal6n
spectacles nadarah
necktie kirawatah
scissors maqas
slippers babiish
cloth gukh
collar y-aqah, plu. y-aqat
cotton qotn
lace tonteylali
needle ibrah, plu. obar
drawers libas
pin dabbus
thread kheyt
umbrella shemsleh
0«
 20
English. Arabic— Plionclic rromiuciatioa.

10. Food and Drink.

Meat lahm
breakfast futur
lunch ghada
supper, dinner 'asha
soup shorbah
boiled meat lahm masluq
fish samak
beef lahm baqari
mutton lahm dani
pork lahm khanzTr
beans fui
boiled eggs beyd masluq
fried eggs (baked) beyd maqli
egg beydah, ])lu. beyd
omelet iggat beyd
cheese gibnah
bread 'eysli

salt melh
pepper filfil

mustard khardal
vinegar khall
salad salata
milk leben
cream qishtah
sugar sukkar
tea shai
cotfee qahwah
water moyyah
wine nebid
bottle qizazah, pin. qazayiz
glass kubbayah
fresh bread 'eysh tazah
sauce salsa
sausage sogokk
food akl
driulc (to) shereb, vuperative ishrab
vegetables khodar
 21

JEngiisa. Ababic— Phonetic Pronunciation.

dates belah
olives zeytuii
cake fetir, kahk
celery karafs
cauliflower karnabit
parsley baqdonos
cabbage koronb
ii'ice ruz
ibran nokhalah
:a nioutliful loqmah
ibrotli marakah
scliicken katkut, jjZ». kataklt
<cream qishtah
flour deqiq
a glass of wine kubbayah nebid
a glass of water kubbayah nioyyah
lemouade limonada

11. Eating and Cooking Utensils.

Table cloth ghata es soffrah
table napkin futah es soffrah
plate sahn, tabaq
dish sahn
knife sikkln, plu. sakakin
fork shokah
spoon ma'alaqah
cup fingan, plu. fanagin
salt-cellar mallahah
tea-pot ibrik shai
frying-pan miqlayah
kettle ghallayah, ghallayat, ibrik
corkscrew barimah
hoe fas (l.), turiyeh (u.)
shovel kureyk
stove kanun
tray tisht
oven forn
filter misfayah
hatchet baltah
 22

English. I
Akadic— Phonetic Pronunciation.

12. House and Furniture.

The house elbeyt

room odah, pht. owad
bed farshah
bedstead seru'
pillow makhaddab, pin. makhaddat
blanket batanleh
sheet milayah, jjIu. milayat
door bab, pin. abwab
window shibbak, plu. shebablk
bell gar as
wall heytah, plu. heytan
roof sath
floor ardieh
chair kursi, phi. karasi
sofa dlwan
carpet saggadah, pin. saggadat
table soffrah, tarabeyzah
broom furshah
looking-glass mirayah, pin. niirayat
mattress mertdbah
quilt lihaf
fireplace, chimney madkhanah
jug or pot kuz
pail sutl
towel futah or bashkir; pZ». fuwat,
bashaklr
basin tisht
bath (warm) hammam
basket mishannah, maqtaf, alaq
candlestick shamadan
candle sham'a, plu. shumu'a
lock quflah, keylun
key muftah, jilu. mafatlh
furniture mobiliat
stable isstabl
matches kabrit
mat hasirah, plu. hosr
 t

23

English. Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.

bottle qizazah, J^la. qazayiz

landlord muaggir, saljib el- bey

tenant (or merchant) tagir

lease, rental (or ugra
wages)
bricks tub
house (a) to be let beyt 111 igar
water closet mustarah, beyt el 'adcb,
kitchen matbakh ['adebkhanah

13. Town and Country.

City, or town (large) medlnah, 2'^"- madfiyin

country (native) beled
village beled
street sikkah, plu. sikak
square maiddn
market siik, }dii. aswak
palace sarayah or qasr; 2^Zu. sarayat
qusur
church kenlsah, kanayis
tower burg, 2'^!'. abrag
post bosta
post-office bosta, maliall el bosta
police-office zabtleh
hospital isbitaliah
exchange borsa
bridge qantarah, ])lu. qanatir
custom-house gumruk
prison habs
shop dokkan, jjIu. dakakln
hotel lokanda
castle, fortress qal'aah
corner rukn, plu, arkan
foot pavement balat
railway sikkat el hadid
field gheyt, plu. ghitan
forest ghabah, plu. ghabat
cross-road arb'a mafariq
 24

English. AnABic—Phonetic Pronunciallon.

farm 'abadieh
fence wall sur
gate bab, 2'^"- abwab
path tarlq
grass hashish
mound kom, pin. kiman
pyramid haram, jdx. ahram
desert gebel
road tarlq, darb, sikkah
where does this road es sikkah deh tawadlna feyn?
lead to ?

ii. Professions and Trades.

Profession kar, sena'ah

ambassador elchi (Turkish)
professor, teacher mu'allim
scholar (pupil) talmiz, plu. talauiza
doctor 'alem, pin. 'ulama hakim,
;

(pin. hukama) doktor

medicine dauvva
chemist kimawi
policeman 'askari
police bulls, zabtieh
postmaster wakil el bosta
postman bostagy
guard, station agent wakil, or ra^is mahattah
or master
store-keeper makhzangi
merchant tagir, pin. togar
merchandise buda'ah
clerk katib
bookseller kutbi, plu. kutbiya
bookbinder mogallid kutub
shoemaker gizamati, saramati
tailor khayyat, pin. khayyatin
blacksmith haddad
barber mozayyin, hallaq
watchmaker sa'ati
jeweller gawahirgi
oculist hakim 'oyun
 25

English. Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation

laundress ghassalah
farmer muzari'a
porter (carrier) shayyal, hannnal
lawyer avokato
midwife dayah
servant khaddam, plu. khaddamin
grocer baqqal
groom sayis, j^^^'- siyas
sailor bahri, marakbi
gentleman khawagali (Persian)
lady sitt, plu. sittat
guide dalll
interpreter motargim, plu. motargimin
dragoman terguman
coachman arbiigi
carpenter naggar, jilu. naggarin
watchman ghafir, jilu. ghufara
fish-monger sammak, plu. sammakin
cutler sakaklni
slave 'abd
plaintiff mudd'ai
defendant mudda'a 'aleyh
appellant mustanif
auctioneer dallal
baker khabbaz, farran
engineer mohdndis, jdu. mohandisin
engraver naqqash
gardener ganayni
gilder talla
goldsmith sayigh
missionary mursal, plu. mursalln
nun rahbah, j)lu. rahbat
nurse dadah, ^^Zx. dadat
surgeon gavrah
Beduin chief sheykh el-'orban
15. Sh ips and Shipping.
Steamer babiir, wabur
ship merkeb, ^jZw. marakib
boat, barge sandal, plu. sanadil
mast sari, plu. sawari
 .

26

EiiKlish. Arabic.— Phonetic Pronunciation

rudder daffat el markab

sail qil'a, pin. qulu'a
oar muqdaf, pin. maqadif
flag bandeyrah
anchor mersah
sailor marakbi
drowned gharaq
map khartah
boatman marakbi
fisherman silyyad, plu. sayyadin
afloat 'ayim
swimnwng 'om
cargo wasqat, hamulah
steersman domangi
cable ghomanah, habl
fleet (of ships) dunanmah, plu. dunanmat
compass ibrat
engineer (of the usta el wabur
steamer)
yacht yaht
float of paddle-wheel muqdaf tara
dockj/ard tarsanah
Nile-barge (dahabieb
Nile house-boat qanga
broker samsar, ])ln. samasrah
brokerage samsarah
pilot kalawuz
small boat felukkah

16. Travelling.

Voyage safar
journey
railway-station mahattah
steamboat wabiir
captain kabtan, ra^is
sailor marakbi, bahri
custom-house gumruk
key muftah, plu. mafatlt
arrival wusul
 27

EnKlish. Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.

railway sikkat el hadld

train qattr
luggage 'afsh
bag kis, i^lu. akyas
interpreter terguman, motargim,
pin. motargimln
return ticket tazkarah raih wa gai
bill hesab
receipt wasl, sanad pin. wosulat^
;

sanadat
office diwau
guard's vaa dispensa
coachman arbaggi
pillow rnakhaddah, pla. makhuddat
whip tilah, kurbag
caravan kaflah
saddle (for a donkey) barda'ah, plu. barad'ih
saddle (for a horse) sarg, plu. suriig
strap seyr
passenger-train qatr rukkab
goods-train qatr el buda'ab
traveller musafir, pin. musafrin
travel (to) safar
carriage 'arableh, plu. 'arablyat
medicine dauwa, jtlu. adwiya
money fulus
Pound (£1.) giney [guinea) iuglizi
Napoleon (20fr. piece) bintu
Pound (Egyptian) giney masri
Pound (Turkish) giney magldi
When does the train el qatr yisafir imta ?
leave ?

17. Writing.
Paper waraq
blotting paper waraq nashshaf
sheet (of paper) farkh waraq
quire (ditto) faridat waraq
pen qalam, plu. aqlam
ink hibr
 ^28

Knslish. AuABic— I'bonetic Prouunciatioii>

inkstand dawayah
penknife matwah, plu. matawi
pencil qalam rusas
sealing-wax (red) sham'a ahmar
letter gawab or maktiib ^'Z». gawa- ;

bat, makatib
date tarikh
signature imda
post-stamp waraq danighah
manuscript nuskhah, kitab khatt
write (to) (copy) katab, imp. iktib
writing (s) kitabah
written maktiib
book kitab, plu. kutub
index (of a book) fahrasah
seal (to) khatam, imp. ikhtim
sign the letter imdi el gawab
post bosta
post-ofiice bosta, diwan el bosta
postmaster wakil el bosta
he registered the
letter (at the post- huwa saggar el gawab
office)
envelope zarf
dictionary qamiis
when does the post imta tisafir el bosta ?
leave ?

18. Shooting Imfdements and Fishing Tackle.

Knife sikkin, plu. sakakin
pocket-knife matwah, jdu. matawi
hammer qadum, shakush
file mabrad, jjZw. mabarid
nail mismar, jdu. masamir
nail (to) sammar, imp. sammar
axe fas
saw minshar, 2^^"' manashir
grindstone misann
gun bunduqieh
gunpowder barud
 29

English. Ababic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.

shot (a shot fired) darbali

net sbabakah, jila. shibak, or
shabakat
fish-hook sinnarah
basket mishannah
box sanduk, jilu. sanadik
shooting darb al barud
sport seyd
at one shot bi-darbah, or bi-nishan wahid
padlock qafl, plu. aqfal
tobacco-pipe shibuk, pht. shubukat
pistol tabangah, />Z». tabangat

19. Time and Seasons.

Year scnah, jdu. senin

month shahr, ]ilu. ushhur

week gum'aah, plu. gum'ailt

two weeks gum'ateyn
day yom, ijIu. eyyam
hour sa'ah, i)la. sa'at
half-an-hour nuss sa'ah
minute deqiqah, idu. daqayiq
season fasl or a wan, ylu. fosiil
Spring rabl'a
Summer seyf
Autumn kharif
Winter shita
the months of the year shuliur es senah
Lunar months shuhiir 'arabiya
Coptic months shuhiir qibtlya
time waqt
to-morrow morning bukra fi subh
how many weeks ^ kam guma'ah ?

day-time nahar
mid-day ed duhr
every day kuU yom
after to-morrow b'ad bukra
to-day en-nab ar-dch
to-morrow bukra
 80

English, Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation

January* yenair
February febrair
March marss
April abrll
May mayeh
June yunia
July yulia
August aghostos
September sebtember
October oktober
November nofember
December dezember
Sunday yom el had
Monday yom el etnin
Tuesday yom et telat
Wednesday yom el arb'a
Thursday yom el lihamis
Friday yom el gum'a
Saturday, or Sabbath yom es sabt
birthday maulid
holiday batalah, 'eyd, fantasleh
Christmas 'eyd el mllad
Easter 'eyd el qiyamah
dawn fagr
morning [ing subh or sabah
early in the morn- badri fi subh
evening maghrib
this evening el leylah deh or eleylahdeh
in the evening filmaghrib
noon duhr
forenoon qabl ed duhr
aftei'noou el 'asr, b'ad ed duhr
night leyl, jAu. layal
midnight uuss el-leyl
yesterday embareht
yesterday morning embareh fi subh
yesterday evening embareh el maghrib
the day before yester- tluwel embfireh
day j

Tlie Eg}-ptiaus formerly

employed the Coptic (ancient Egyptian) names
of the solar months. The European names, as Riven above, are in Reneral
use now, concurrently with the Coptic, which are retained for agricultural
purposes.

^The h ia ft ha, bat pronounced Jilip h»y

 31

English. Arabic—Phonetic Pronunciation

three days ago auwel auwel embareh

daily yomi
last year es-senah illi fatet
year before last qabl senateyn
twenty years old (son ibn 'ashrin senah
of twenty years)
day time naliar
full moon badr
Leap-year senah kabis

20. Countries and Nations.

Country beled, phi. bilad
nation ommah
native country watan
state mamlakah, ]jIu. mamalik
Europe aurobba
European aurobbi, ferangi
England bilad el-ingillz
English ingilizi
American amerikani
Arabia hegaz
Arabian 'arabi
Arabs (nomads) 'arab
Beduin bedawi, j^lu. bedwan, 'arab,
'orban
Syria esh-sham
F ranee fransa
French fransawi
Russia moskof
bilad el
Russian mosk6wi
China bilad es sin
Greek rumi
Greek yunani
Greece bilad er rum, yimdn
Turkey bilad et turk
Turkirih [Khedive turki
His Highness the el khed^ywi
His Highness (Oul- effendlna
Egypt_ [Lord) berr masr
Egyptian masri
 32

English. AnkBic. —Phonetic Pronunciation.

Lower Egypt beheyrah

Upper Egypt es-sa'id
Persia bilad el agam
Persian agami
Cairo masr mahrtisah
Old Cairo masr 'atiqah
The districts of Cairo atman masr
Constantinople istambiil
Alexandria iskendirieh
Suez Canal el kanal
Suez es sues
Ismailieh el isma 'illeh
Arishe el 'arlsh
Kosseir el quseyr
Damietta dumyat
Rosetta rashid
Suakin sawakin
The Nile (River) en nil
Foreigner egnebi, gharib ;
plu ghuraba,
khawagah

21. Numbers.
Numbers a 'dad
one wahed
two etnin
three talatah
four arba'ah
five khamsah
six sittah
seven sab'ah
eight temaniah
nine tis'ah
ten 'ashrah
eleven liadasher
twelve etnasher
thirteen talattasher
fourteen arb'atfisher
iifteen kharaastashcr
sixteen sittashcr
seventeen sab'atasher
 33

English. Ababic. —Phonetic Pronunciation.

eighteen temantasher
nineteen tis'atasher
twenty 'ashrln
twenty-one wahed wa 'ashrln
twenty-two itnln wa 'ashrin
thirty telatln
forty arba'In
fifty khamsin
sixty sittin
seventy sab'in
eighty temanln
ninety tis'In
a hundred miyah (sometimes before a voicel.
101 miyah wa wahed [mit)
110 miyah wa 'ashrah
200 miteyn
300 tultemlyah
400 rub'amiyah
500 khumsemlyah
600 sittemlyah
700 sub'amiyah
800 tumnemlyab
900 tis'amiyah
937 tis'amiyah sab'a wa tehitin
a thousand elf
1,015 elf wa khamastasher
2,000 elfeyn
10,000 'ashrat elaf
30,000 telatin elf
100,000 mit elf
a miUion milyun
22. Collec tive Numbers, etc.

Pair goz, plu. agwaz

dastah -
dozen, packet
once marrah wahidah, nobah
twice marrateyn [waJ^idah
single fard,wahed
double migwiz
first auwal
second tani
Egyptian S.-T. D
 34

English. ARABIC— Phonetic Pronunciation.

thrice telat marrat

four times arba' marrat
five times khams (khamas) marrat
a half nuss, nusf
a third tult
a fourth rub'a
three-fourths nusswa rub'a
a fifth khums
an eighth tumn
23. Colours.
White m. abiad, /. beyda
black w. iswad, /. soda
brown m. asmar, /. samara
blue VI. azraq, /. zerqa
sky colour samawi
red m. ahmar, /. hamara
green m. akhdar, /. khadara
greenish khadrawi, yiddi al khadar
yellow m. asfar, /. safara
grey azraq {also blue)
yellowish missfirr
to make yellow saffar
violet m. banafsig
indigo m. nilah

25. Adverbs, &c.

Above, upstairs foq
after ba'd
afterwards, then badeyn
always dai^man, tamalli
at first auwalan
because 'ala shan, li-an
before qodam
behind wara
by force bil ghassb, bil gabr
down taht
easily bi-rahah, bi-sohulah
enough kifayah, bass, bi-ziadah
entirely bilkulllyah
falsely bi-zur
 35

English. Arabic. —Phonetic Pronunciation.

far olf ba'id
gratis, for nothing ballash
lirst auwel
iiere hena
liome, liouse beyt
in, there is fi

inside guwa
instead of badal, gheyr
justly bil haqq
last akhir
lastly, at last akhiran
late wakhri, mot^akhar
long tawll
near, close, side ganb
never abadan
no la
not yet, still lissa
not-at-all mottldqan
now delwaqt
often, many times miraran, murrat ketir
only, enough bass
out
barra
outside 1
particularly khosusan
perhaps yumkin
quickly, soon, im- halan
mediately
quickly bil 'agal, qawam
seldom filnadir
slowly bi-shweysh, 'ala mahl, shu-
so keda [wayyah
sometimes ba'd al aliyan
soon bad shwai
still bavdu, lissa {not yet)
there henak
this deh, da, di
to-day en-nahar-deh
to-morrow bukra
to whom ? li-min ?
too, also, again kaman
under tal?t
 86

English. Ababic—Phonetic Pronunciation.

welcome ahlan wa sahlan or marhabba

when lamraa
when? imta ?
whence mineyn
where ? feyn?
where from ? min eyn ? min feyn ?
where to ? 'ala feyn ? lifeyn ?
whom illi {=ir]tom or which)
whose ? bit'a min ?

why? leyh ? shan eyh

'ala ?
yes aywa, na'am
yesterday embareh
yet lissa

25. Adjectives.

Angry za'alan
awkward, stupid ghashim
bad battal
beautiful, elegant gamil, latif
better ahsau
bitter murr
blind a'ama
broad arid
civil m'aruf or sahib adab
clean nadlf
clever shatir
cold bard
cool barid
dark atmah
dear aziz, habib
dear (expensive) ghali
deceitful ghashash
deep ghawit, wati
delightful yifrih, mufrih
difficult sa'ab
dirty wisekh
dry nashif
eldest (oldest) bakri
empty farigh, kh&li
false keddab (kidb, a lie)
 87

English. Arabic.—Phonetic Ptonimciatlon.

fat samin
filthy wehesh
fine gamll
flat mastu, mebattat
full malyan
glad farhan
good tayyib
great azim
happy sa'ld
hard (not soft), dry nashif
hard (severe or cruel) qasi
healthy sallm, sagh sallm, bis-saha
heavy teqll
high 'all
ill (sick) [less) ayyan
impertinent (shame- qalll el ha-ya
large keblr, 'azIm
lazy keslan
lean nahif
least . aqall
less aqall
light (bright) niir
light (not heavy) khaftf
little (small) soghayyax
long tawll
loud (high) 'ali
low wati
mad, foolish magnun
narrow dayyiq
near qarib
new gedid
nice kwayls, latlf
old man aguz
old (ancient) qadim, antiqa
opened maftuii
poHte zarif, latlf
poor meskin, faqlr ;
plu. masakin,
foqara
proud motakabbir
rich ghani
ripe misttiwi
 88

English. Arabic—Phonetic Pronunciation.

right (true) sahlh

round medauwar
satisfied mabsiit, sheb'an [satiated)
shady [edge) muzallil or daffeh
sharp (having a keen had
sharp words kalam qasi
sharp (severe) qasi
short qussayyar
soft (moist) tari
sour (acid) hamed
square moruba'a
still, quiet sakit
strong gam id
stupid (ass) balid (homar), balawi
sweet helu
thick tekliln
thin rofayy'a, raqlq
tipsy sakran
tired ta'aban
tough (dry) yabis
true haqlq, sahlh, sadlq
unintelligible mush mafhum
unlucky ma lush bakht
useful nafi'a
warm hami
weak dalf
well tayyib
wet tari, mablul
wicked sharlr
wide wasi'a, or was'a
wild wehesh, birri
wise (clever) 'aqil (shatir)
worse al'an
worse and worse al'an wa al'an
wrong (mistaken) ghalat, ghaltan
young soghayyar
younger (smaller) assghar

26. Conjunctions
Afterwards ba'deyn
after it b'adu
 — Iu

89

English. Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.

and wa
because li-an, 'alashan
but lakin, walakin
even hatta
for 'ala shan
neither la
nor wa-la
or wa-illa, walla
that in

27. Prepositions.
Above foq
after b'ad
round hauwaleyn
by b, be, wa
for 'alashan
from min, 'an
in b, be, li

of 'an
on (upon) 'ala

near ganb
to 1, le

under taht
with b, bi

28. Pronouns.
Singular.
I 1
ana
thou inta {mas.), inti [fem.)
he, it huwa
she hiyah
Plural.
We ehna
you, ye intuui
they hum, huma
Siugnlar. (Suffixes.)

My— —
thy— — ak {mas.), ik {fcm.)

his — —
her —ha
 —

40

English. Ababic—Phonetic Prontmclatlon.

Plural. (Suffixes.)

Our — —na
your— —kum
tlieir —hum
Myself nafs-i, or zat-i
thyself nafs-ak, zat-ak
himself nafs-u, zat-u
herself nafsi-ha, zatiha
ourselves nafsi-na, zatina
yourself nafs-ak, zat-ak
yourselves nafsi-kum, zat-kum
themselves nafsi-hum, zat-hum
Sing liar.

Mine, oi- my own bit'a-i

thine, or thy own bit'a-ak (m.), bita-ik (/.)
his, or his own bit'a-u
hers, or her own bit'a-ha
Flu ral.
Ours, or our own bit'a-na
yours, or your own bit'a-kum
theirs, or their own bit'a-hum
Rela live.
Who, whom, that, illi.

which, what
Note. — Illi is the only R('lative Pronoun used in conversatio
Arabic.

29. Inl:errogatives.
Who? min?
to whom ? le-mln ?
which ? 'anhu ?
what ? eyh?
whose ? bit'a-mm ?
why ? leyh?
how (are yon) ? izzay (ak)?
from me min-ni
from him min-nu
from you min-nak
 —

41

English. Ababic— Phonetic Pronunciation.

30. Yerbs.

To abandon* tarak
,, accept qebel, imp. iqbal
,, admire ta'aggab
,, agree to ittafaq 'ala
,, allow azan, samah
,, alter ghayyar, i7np. ghayyar
,, answer gawab
,, appear zahar
,, arrive wasal
,, ask sa^al,imp. is^al
,, assist sa'ad
,, avoid igtanab, imp. igtanib
,, awake sehi, imp. is-ha
,,beat darab, imp. idrab
„ begin ibtada, imp. ibtidi
,, believe sadaq
,, bind (to tie) rabat, imp. orbot
,, bite 'add, imp. 'odd
,, break kassar
,, bring gab, imp. gib
„ burn haraq, imp. ihraq
„ bury dafan, iinp. idfin
„ buy ishtara, imp. ishtiri
,, call nada, imp. inda
,, catch mesek, i?np. imsik
,, cliange ghayyar
,, change money saraf, imp. isrif
„ cheat, defraud ikhtalas
,, clean naddaf imp. naddaf
,

,, come geh, ga ; imp. ta'ala

,, consult shawar, ivip. shawir

»N0TE. —
Literally " He abandoned," third person singular, past
tense, indicative mood. All the verbs in this list are expressed
in same manner, that being regarded in Arabic as the root of the
verb. But the imperatives are mostly added here, as being the
most requisite form. The i^st particiiile is formed by prefixing
ma — , matruk, abandoned.
 42

English. Ababic. —Phonetic Pronunciation.

to convey naqal
,, cook tabakh, imp. itbokh
,, count 'add, hasab
,, cut qat'a, imp. iqt'a
,, deceive ghashsh
,, deliver sal lam
„ deny ankar, gahad
,, dream helem
„ dress lebes, imp. ilbis
,, drink shereb, imp. ishrab
„ drive out tarad
,, eat akal, imp. kol
,, examine fahas
,, excavate fahat, imp. ifhat
,, excuse samah
,, explain waddah, imp. waddah
,, feed wakkal, imp. wakkil
,, fetch gab, imp. gib
, find iltaqa, wagad
„ forget nessi
„ get up qam, imp. qum
„ give 'ata, idda ; imp. iddi
„ go rah, imp. ruh
,, go on foot rah mashi
,, go on horseback rah rakib
„ go out kharag
,, govern hakam
,,grease dahan
„ hang (suspend) allaq, imp. allaq
,, happen hasal, ittafaq
I have ana 'andi
he has huwa 'andu
she has hiyah 'andiha
we have elina 'andena
you have intum 'andikum
they have humma 'andihura
to hear sama'a, imp. istna'a
„ help sa'ad, imp. sa'id
„ hide khabba, imp. khabbi
,, hire aggar
,, hurry ist 'agel
 a

43

English. Arabic—Phonetic Pronunciation.

to jump natt, imp. nott

„ kill katal, imp. iktil
,, kiss bas, imp. buss
,, knock khabat, imp. ikbbat
,, know a'araf
,, laugh dchek, imp. idhak
,, leap natt, imp. nott
,, learn ta'allam, imp. ita'allim
,, lend sallaf
,, let alone khalla, imp. khalli
,, lie down raqad, itsattah imp. orqod,
;

itsattah ;
{deep) nam, num
,, look shaf, imp. sliuf
,, make 'anial, imp. 'amil
,, meet sadaf
,, mend sallali, imp. sallah
,, mention zakar, imp. ozkur
,, obey tawa'a, imp. taw'i
,, object 'iatarad
,, oblige (favour) amal ma'aruf
,, obtain ta-hassal 'ala
,, otlend (anger) aghdab
,, offer qaddam, imp. qaddim
,, open fatah, imp. iftah
,, oppose qawam
,, order amar
„ pay dafa, imp. idf
,, proceed [word) taqaddam
,, promise (gave wa'ad (idda qol)
,, pi*Dnounce lafaz, imp. olfoz

„ pull shadd, garr imp. shidd, gurr

;

,, put hatt, imp. hott

,, read qara, imp. iqra
,, receive istalam, imp. istilim
,, remember tazakkar, imp. itzakkar
,, remind zakkar, fakkar
,, repair sallah, 'ammar
,, repeat [go back) kerrar
,, return (come or rag'a, imp. irg'a
,, return (give back) ragg'a, imp.^ ragg'a
,, ride rekeb, imp. irkab
 44

English. Ababic. —Phonetic Pronunciation.

to rise qam, imp. qum

,, rub da'ak, imjj. ida'ak
,, run geri, imp. igri
,, run away harab, imp. ihrab
„ say qal, imp. qui
„ see shaf, imp. shuf
,, seize mesek, imp. imsek
,, sell ba'a
,, select intakhab, akbtar imp. in-
;

takhib, ikhtar
,, send ba,at, imp. ib,at
,, send back ragg'a, imp. ragg'a
,. set halt, wada imp. liott, uda
;

,, shoot asstad, darab bundoqieh,

darab rusasah (bullet)
„ show warra
,, smell shamm, imp. shimm
,, smoke (tobacco) sharab dokhan, imp. ishrab
dokhan
„ speak takallam,
imp. itkallim
„ spoil khassar, talaf, atlaf
„ stand weqef, imp. uqaf
„ starve mat min el gu'a, mat bil gu'a
» stay fedel, isstanna
,, steal saraq, imp. issraq
„ study ta'allam
,, suffer tahammal
„ suggest ashar
,, swallow bala, imp. ibla
,, swear helef, imp. il;lif

,, swim 'am, imp. 'um

,, take akhad, imp. khud
,, taste zaq, imp. zuq
,, teach 'allam, imp. 'allim
,, tear sharmat, imp. sharmai
„ tell qal, imp. qui
,, thank shakar, imp. oshkor
,, think zann, iftakar
,, throw away raraa, imp. ermi
,, translate targam, imp. targim
 45

English. Ababio. —Phonetic Pronunciation.

to travel safar
„ tread dilss, imp. doss
,, turn (round) dauwar, imp. dauwar
,, understand fehem
,, upset qalab, imp. iqlib
,, use ist'amal, imp. ist'amil
„ wait istanna, imp. istanna
„ walk mcshi, imp. imshi
„ want ah tag
„ warm sakhkhan, daffa; imp. sakh-
khan, daffi
,, warn nassah, imp. insah
,, wash ghasal, imp. ighsil
,, watch ghaffar, harass ; imp, oghfor,
ohross
„ water (horses) saqa
„ wet ball,imp. bill
„ whip darab, imp. iddrab
„ whisper washw^ash, imp. washwish
„ win ghalab
„ wipe nasshef, masah; imp. nasshif,
imsah
„ wish arad
,, work ishtaghal, imp. ishtaghal
„ wound garah
,, worship 'abad, imp. 'ibid
„ wrap laff, imp. liff
„ write katab, imp. iktib
,, yield one's-self up salara

31. The Government Ministries and

Administrations.
Department of the \

Household off ed da.irah el khassa

H.H.the Khedive)
Finance el malleh
Foreign Office el khargieh
Interior ed dakhlieh
Justice el haqqanleh
Pubhc Works el ashgal el 'umumleh
 46

English. Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.

Public Instruction el ma'arif el \unumleli

War Office el harbieh, diwan el gehadieh
Tublic Health De- maslahat es siha el 'umu-
partment mieh
Police Department maslahat el bolls
Prison Department maslahat es sugun
Department of the]
maslahat man'a tigaret er
Suppression of>
raqlq or qalam el raqlq
Slavery )

Office of the Inspec- \

tor - General of > taftlsh 'umiim er ra^i

Irrigation )

Railway Administra- maslahat es sikkat el hadid

tion
Nile Steamers Service maslahat waburat en nil
Public Debt Office sandiiq ed deyn el 'umiimi
Customs Department idarat 'umum el gamarik
Coast Guard Service maslahat ghafar es sawahil
Post Administration idarat 'umum el bosta
Postal Service barid
Native Courts elmahakim el ahlieh
Court of First In- el mahkamat el ibtidaleh
stance (mahkamat auwel daragah)
Court of Appeal mahkamat el ist'Inaf
Quarantine Board maslahat es siha el bahrleh
wal karantlnat
Municipal Council el komisyon el baladi

32. ' Military Titles.

Private nafar
bugler ; drummer burugi tabbal, trombetgi
;

farrier beytar
trumpeter trombetgi, burugi
lance-corporal wakil onbashi
corporal onbashi
sergeant shaweysh
sergeant-major bash shaweysh
quarter-master ser- buluk amln
geant
adjutant-major saghkolaghasi
chief clerk bash katib
Mostly Turkish.
 47

English. Ababio.— Phonetic Pronunciation.

warrant ofBcer sol

sub-lieutenant mulazim tani
lieutenant mulazim auwel
captain yuzbashi
major binbashi
lieutenant-colonel qaimaqam
colonel miralai
brigadier-general lewa
lieutenant-general farik
field-marshal mushlr
doctor 1
surgeon j
hakim, ;jiu. hukama
paymaster (treasurer] khiznidar, sarraf
adjutant mo'awin, jj^u. mo'awnin
commanding officer
hukumdar, komandan
}

commandant i

chief-of-the-staff ra^is arkan el harb

field-officer zabit 'azlm
general officer zabit karim
staff-officer zabit arkan el harb
brigade-major arkan harb el lewa
commander-in -chief sirdar
His Excellency (ad- dauUtlu
dress of a field-
marshal)
Your Excellency sa 'adetkum

33. "^Naval and Military Terms.

Together with useful Words for all Banks.

Absence (leave of) agazah

accoutrements meheymat
acquittal tabriah
admiral amir el bahr
advance ilarey
advance (to) taqaddam
advanced guard bashdar
party gema'ah muteqaddamah
,,
post nuqtah muteqaddamah
alarm post nuqtat el kabsah
alert hazir ol
* Including some Turkish words of command, &c.
 ! !

48

English. Aeabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.

ambulance .
shefakhanah
ammunition gabakhanah, zakhlrah
ammunition poucli kaffah
ammunition wagon 'arablet el gabakhanah
anchor mirsah
anchorage marsa
armistice matarakah, hudnah
armourer tufekgi [pronounce tufenkshi)
arms aslilia
army geysh, 'askar
army-corps firkah
army order 'amr 'askari
arrow nibl, sahm
arsenal tubkhanah
artillery tubgleh
as you were I yarina
attack hugum, mukagamah
,, ,
form for huguma (teshkil ol)
,, ,
false huglim kazib
,, ,
flank hugum gamb
'ala el
,, ,
front hugum muwagahah
'ala el
,, , 1st line of auwel khatt el hugum
,, , 2nd line of tani khatt el hugum
attention zinhar 1

axle qotb
backsight nishangah
badges 'alamat er rutab
baud muslkah
barrack qishlaq
base asas
battalion orta, pin. orat
battery (field) batarieh (maidan)
battle waq'ah
bayonet singa {Turldsh sungi)
bayonets, fix siingey dik
,, unfix Sim gey inder
belt qayish, hizam
binoculars nadarah
bit (for horse) fekk, ligam
bivouac (to) bayit bidun khiyam
blacking boyah
bomb bombah
 ! !

49

English. Ababio.—Phonetic Pronunciation.

bombard (to) darab bil bomb

booty ghanimah
boot gezmah
breadth 'ard
breastband sinaband
bribe bartll, rashwah
bridle ligam, j^iu. algima
brigade lewa
broad arid
bugle burl
„ sound nobah
bullet rusasah
by the right, left, cen- saghda, soldd, wasatda
camel [tre gamal, plu. gimal naqa ;
/".

camel's riding-saddle makhlufah, gabifc

camel for riding begin
camp mu'askar^ urdi
camp kettle qazan
cannon, gun madf'a
capture (to) asar
carriage wheel 'agalah
cartridge kartush, fishenk
„ blank ,
fishenk (farigh)
cavalry suwari, khiyalah
cavalry walk sir elashkin
,, trot sir elgar
,, ,
prepare for I sawari karshu dauwaran I

cease fire 1 nobet ateshi kas

certificate shehadah, plu. shehadat, or
certificate of dis- raftieh [tazkarah
charge
chain silsilah, plu. salasil, zingir
change of front taghyir el ittigah, tabdll baiya
,, ,j
position taghyir el wad'a, tabdil yeri
charge, prepare to hugiima hazir ol
charge I hugiim
cholera kolera
close yaklasheyn
commence firing bashlana atesh
company buluk
,, ,
half yarim buluk
, double buluk muzdawicr
Egyptian S.-T.
 ss 1

50

Enclish. Arabic. —Phonetic Pronuuciation.

cloak 'abayah, kabud

colours of a regiment beyraq
column orda, kol
,, of building 'amud, plu. 'imdan
column, close kol mutaqarib
,, double
, shift kol
„ ,
half yarim kol
,, , line of — tabur kolali
,, , mass —
of magmu'a kolat
,, of divisions sinfja kol
,, of route kol es seyr
,, of sub-divi- tobja kol
visions
,, ,
quarter dar-kol
combatant muharib
„ non- , gheyr muharib
command hukumdarleh
,, words of, nida
commissariat kism et t'ayinat
compasses bargal, ibrat
cook tabbakh
court-martial meglis 'askari
,, ,, , district
j
„ ,, markdzi
,, ,, ,
general i

M M £13/11

,, ,, ,
proceed- igra^at el meglis el 'askari
ings of|

,, ,, , regimen- meglis 'askari alayi

tal I

,, ,, , summary' „ „ waqti
court of inquiry meglis et tahqiq
confined to barracks mahguz bil qishlaq
conduct soluk, maslii
connecting file khabardar
countersign parolah
courage garaah
crew nautleh
crupper kafal
cut (wound) goruh
garli, 2^lu.
dagger khangar, j)lu. khanagir
decision qarar
defaulter muznib mahfjuz
 !

51

English. Ababio. — Phonetic Pronunciation.

defaulter's book daftar ez zunub

defaulter's drill ta'alim el muznibin
defence mudaf'a
defile darband
deployment fath
depot asas
deserter harib, harban
detached file qatar munfasil
detachment sariyah
diarrhoea is-hal, lln
diary, journal daftar yomleh
discipline zabt wa rabt
disembarkation nuzul min el markab
dismiss (to, from raft
service) j

,, (off parade) 'amal dastur

dismount yerra in 1

division firqah
dockyard tersanah
don't move ! ma taharraksh I

double march I ziada sora'atteh marsh

dress hizaya
drill ta'alim
,, ,
aiming ,, sibiyeh
,, order haiat et ta'alim
,, ,
position ta'alim el qiyam
,, preliminary
,
ta'alim ibtida-i
,, setting-up
, ta'alim talyin el 'ada
driver [mals 'arb^gi
driver of pack ani- tarras •
drum ;
— (big) trombeytah tablah
;

drunk sakran
duties wagibat
duty (on) nobetji {pronounce nobatshi)
dysentery dusuntarleh
ease, march at yolga
,, , stand at yarinda safa
eclielon tadrig
embarkation nuzul fil bahr
encampment mu'askar
enemy dushman, 'adu
 52

English. Ababio.—Phonetic Pronunciation.

engagement qital
engineer muhandis
enlistment iktitab
entrenchment dirwah
equipment meheymat
escort haras
examination imtihan
exercise, bayonet sungi ta'allm
,, ,
firing atesh ta'allm
,, ,
manual silah isti'amali
,, ,
review maharan sungi ta'alim
,, ,
rifle ta'allm el bunduqieh
,, ,
shelter- ta'allm *amal ed dir^Yah wal
trench khandaq
expedition (military) safarieh
extend nobet achileyn
fall in 1 sagha bak {Turkish, look to
I

farrier beytar [your right !)

fatigue tulbah
„ party tulbah
field-day yom maidan
,, -exercises ta'alimat 'askarieh
,, -glass naddarah maidan
field-gun madf a urdi, maidan
field-hospital taljanaqqali,isbitalia maidan
field officer zabit 'azim
file qatar
,, , blank qatar farigh
,, , connecting khabardar
,, , even qatar shift
,, , leading qatar am ami
,, , odd qatar fardi
„ , in single farddn fardto, bir-eyr bir-eyr
fire nar
firel atesh 1

flag sanjak, beyraq, 'alam

flank gamb, ganib
flaak, directing gamb samt et tawaggah
,, ,
inner el gamb ed dakhil
„ .
left el gauib esh shemal
., , outer el gamb el kharig
 ! ! !

58

English. Aeabio. —Phonetic Prontmciatioli.

flank, reverse el gamb el mun 'akis
,, , right el gamb el mun 'akis
flanker ganbdar
fleet dunanmah
foot-soldier 'askari
forage 'allq
foresight (gun) zlh
„ (rifle)
.
dibbanah
formation tashkil
fort, fortress tabiya, qal'ah, husii
fortify (to) istahkam
fortress wall siir el qal'ah
forward 1 li qodam !

form fours durdeyr

from the right, left, saghdan, soldan, wasatdan
centre
front qodam
front form I tabra
front rank es saff el auwel
funeral ginnazah
furlough rukhset ghiyab, agazah
gaiters tuzluq
gallop ramah, durtna'l
garrison hamiyeh
general (.?.) basha
girdle hizam
girth hizam, sherlhah
glove aldiwan
government hukumah
governor hakim, mihafi
grave (s.) kabr, torbah
great- coat kabbud
groom (brush a horse) timar
groups, form gem'atcha (ol)
guard, escort haras
,, (of soldiers) ghafar
,, (advanced) bashdar
„ (rear) dimdar
guard turn in karakol dastiir
„ turn out karakol sitah
gun (musket) bunduqieh
 54

English. Arabic—Phonetic Pronunciation,

gun-carnage gundaq, 'arablyet el madf'a

gunner tubgi
gun -powder barud
half- column yarim kol
,, company sinf
,, section (cavalry) yarim sinf
halt! oqaf! durl
halt at noon (to) gayyel (Ar.)
halt for the night (to) bayyet (Ar.)
halter rashm
hay (chopped straw) diris (tibn)
head -quarters el markaz, el komandanleh
helmet tasah
horse hosan, pZu. kheyl
,, (a brown) hosan asmar
,,dark grey)
(a hosan singabi
horse-brush forshah timar
cloth
,, futah timar
horse's hoof hafir
,, mane ma'arafa
,, shoe na'al
,, tail deyl
hospital isbitalia
hut zimlik
imprisonment habs
incline ! ma,ilan 1

independent firing nobet atesh

infantry biyadah
,, , mounted biyadah rakibah
inspection parade tabur teftlsh
instructor ta'allmgi
insubordination 'adam el inqiyad
Intelligence Depart- qalam el mukhabarat
ment
interval fasil
intoxicated sakran
intrench (to) istahkam
in which direction ? ila eyn ?
in what strength ? bi kam min 'asakir ?
ironclad merkab hadid
judge qadi
 ! ! !

56

English. Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.

killed makttil
knapsack garabandleh
ladder sillim
lance, spear mizraq, harbah
lantern fanus, pin. faw;1nis
lanyard habl el kabsul
lashing filasah
latrine adabkhanah
lay down your arms irmi silahak
leave of absence agazah, izn
left sola
lie down nam yat {Tiir.)
{Ar.),
lino tabtir,hiza
,, of columns alaya kola
,, ,, com mun i khatt el muwasilah
cations
„ ,, fire ittigah er rami
,, ,, operations khatt el harak '

,, ,, retreat khatt er rugu'a

,, ,, sight khatt en nazer
main-body asas
mancEuvre mun aura
map khartah
march I marsh !

marksman nashcingi
marquee tent markuwis
military police bolls 'askari
,, service 'askarleh
mine lughum
mortar [rear hawun
move a little to the ta^akhar shuwayah li wara
move forward imshi yallah! 1

musketry darb en nar

,, instruction ta'allm darb en nar
muster ta'adad
mutiny 'asayan
muzzle (of a gun) fumm
nose-bag mikhlat 'allq, mikhlah
occupy (to) ihtall
officer zabit, plu. zubat
officer's undress libs yomi
 - !

56

English. Arabic— Phonetic Prouuuciation.

ophthalmia ram ad
order (command) 'amr, jila. 'awamir
order arms rah at dor
orderly (on duty) nobetji {pronounce nobatshi)
outpost karakol-kharigi
outworks istahkamat amamleh
pace [tion khatAvah, jdu. khatawi
packet of ammuni- dasta, pin. asdas
parade to ; — , tabur istaff tabtir
;

parapet khatt en-nar

pass tazkarat moriir
patrol tof
pay, salary mahiyah
peace sulh
picket karakol
pistol tabangah, ferd
plan masqat
pontoon ma' bar
post nuqtah
prepare to mount bin meya hazir ol
„ to dismount yerra in hazir ol
present arms sahim dor
,, (in firing) nishan
prison [room) sign, liabs
prisoner (in guard malibus
,, of war asir
promotion tarqieh
punishment giza
quarters qishlaq
quick march sora'atleh marsh
,, „ double )
ziada sora'atleh marsh
quickly! (with wheels) bil'agal
quinine kinin
range masafah, si'at er rami
„ finder tillmetr
rank (in army) rutbah
,, (line of men) saff
rank and file an far es saff
—
rank front, rear es saff el auwel, tani
rations girayah, t'ayin, t'aylnat
ready doldor
 ! !

57

Endish. Aeabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.

ready (in firing) hader (Ar.)

rear giria
rear form !
„ tabra
reconnaissance istikshaf
recruit 'askari mustegidd
redoubt hisn, tabiyah
regiment alai
regulations qawanin
reinforcement taqwia (Ar.)
reins surii'a, i)Ih. asr'a
relief (change) ghiyar
report taqrir
reserves ihliyatia
retire (to) ta^akhar
retire 1 giria !

retreat (to) takahkar

rifle bunduqieh
rifleman sheshkhiineli
rifling sheshkha)iali
rise ! qum (Ar.) ; kalk {Tar.)
rush I igri (Ar.)
sack kis
saddle (camel) ghabit, makhlufah, iddali
„ (for a horse) serg, plu. snvug
saddler seriigi
salute salam
sapper baltaggi
scouts kashafa
section sinf, plu. asnaf
semaphore samafor
sentry dideban, ghafir, plu. ghufanx
shell danah
ship-of-war markab harb
shot (cannon ball) gullah
sight of a gun kumhah
signal ; signaller isharah ; isharagi
„ party gema'at isharah
el
skirmish (to) tasharkhag
skirmisher sharkbaggi
slowly 'ala mahlak
small shot rush
 58

English. Arabic. —Phonetic Pronunciation.

snaffle kantarmah
soldier gindi, ^jZh. ganadi, 'askari
spur mahmuz, phi. mahmiz
spy gasus, basas
squadron orta sawari
square qal 'ah
stable isstabl, pla. isstablat
staff (military) arkan liarb
stall akhur
stirrup rikab, pin. rikabat
support imdad
surrender (to) sallam, imp. sallim
,, upon terms (to) sallam bi-shurut
sword seyf
target tdkhtah
tattoo nobet tamam
telescope durbin, nadarah
tent kheymah, pla. khiyam
tent-peg watad, pill, autad
theft i
serlqah
to the right ila el yamln
j

to the left !
ila esh shimal
to the rear i
Ila el khalf

transfer
'

intiqal
transport [redoubt liamlah
trenches, rampart, mitras
troops 'asakir

„ (regular) nizam
,, (reserve) redif
trot el gar
trumpet buri
tunic sitrah
undress (daily dress) el libs el yomi
uniform kiswah
valise garabandleh sawari
vedette dideban sawari
veterinary surgeon hakim beytari
victory zafar, intisar
volley firing tabur atesh
walk (at a horse's) ashkin
 —

5g

English. Arabic—Phonetic Pronunciation.

war harb
water-bottle zamzamleh
wheel, right — left saghyana solyana— — katar
wheeling dauaran
wing, left — right sol-kol— sagh-kol
wounded magruh, mabtuh
wound in the head bath
(contusion)

35. Commercial and Trading Terms.

Bale balah
bank bank
basalt hagar iswad
buy (to) ishtara
calico baftah, shash
capital ras el-mal
chips (rough stone) dabsh
counting-house maktab
credit (on) shukuk
debt deyn
flint sowan
granite hagar sowan
gravel haswah
leather gild
letter of exchange hawalah, kambialah
limestone hagar abiad, or hagar gir
linen quttan
loan sulfah
loss khasarah
merchant tagir
mud tin
package fardah
pay to — daf'a — , wafa
per cent. bilmiyah
profit fayidah, maksab
sand rami
sandstone hagar ramleh
sell (to) ba'a
silk harir
weight wazn, tuql
wool suf
 60

35. Religious Words for Missionary Worker^.

English. Arabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.

Jesus Christ yasu'a cl masih

life Lay at
death mot
right (justice) haqq
wrong (mistake) ghalat
praise hamd
spirit ruh
heaven sama
peace salam
heart qalb .

mind 'aql
love mall abb ah
faith emam
believe aman
prayer (pray) sala (salla)
iiope raja
whosoever min
give iddl
receive qabal
everlasting abadi
lost (lose) mafqud
died mat
substitute nayib
instead of bedel 'an
blood dam
forgiveness simati
forgive samah
sins khataya
trust tiqa
enter in dakhal
salvation khalas
holy spirit er ruh el quds
holiness qadasah
obey t'au
clean nadlf
thoughts afkar
words kalimat
seek (ask for) otlob
gladness inbisat
 61

THE GRAMMAR OF ARABIC,

Remarks.
Arabic is a very rich language with numerous synonyms,
so much so that it has been described by a wag as a
language in which every word has its own meaning and
exactly the opposite, and a third meaning of some kind
of camel. Fortunately for the common needs of life,
Arabic-speaking people are content with an ordinary
vocabulary, and even the educated reserve the richness
of their mother-tongue for special occasions. The appal-
ling thirteen forms of the verb of grammarians dwindle
in practice to the intransitive, transitive, and an impersonal
form, with occasionally a passive form, and prepositions
are considered sufficient without the inflection of the
various cases. Again, the student has the building-up of
a vocabulary made more easy for him, by fairly consistent
changes which are made in the roots to express various
ideas.

THE VERB.
The root form is that of the 3rd person singular of the
past tense of the verb.
From this is formed most regularly a word which
means the place or time of performing the action indicated
by the root form.
Thus, katab (he wrote) makes malctab (the place of
writing, i.e., the office). Khazan (he treasured up) makes
makhzan (the place of storing, hence our "magazine").
Sam (he fasted) makes mdusim (the time of fasting, hence
our word "monsoon"). Rakab (he rode) makes merkeb
(a ship). Sharab (he drank) makes mashrab (the drinking-
place), used in the form of mashrablch, the lattice-work
 —

62

round native windows. Shorhah (properly s7joriat), a drink

(Eng. "sherbet"), is another derivative from this root.*
The past participle of a verb is also regularly formed,
and can be used like an adjective.

Thus, from hatab, he wrote, maktuh, written.

,,
s/ia//rtZ, he worked, masJu/Jnll, hu.sy.

„ fatah, he opened, maftuh, opened.

,,
/(?//cm, he understood, ?»(if/7(;()n, understood.

The intransitive verb is made transitive by doubling the

medial letter ; thus, shaglial, he worked shaglujlial, he
;

made to work.
The impersonal form is constantly used as it is in
French, and is formed by prefixing the sound of yit.
Yitfdteh, it is opened (compare 11 s'oiivre in French);

yitijlusil, it is washed.

Auxiliary Verbs.
One not troubled in Egyptian with many moods and
is
tenses. One tense —
the present —
serves also for the future;
the past tense is uniformly constructed from the root, and
the auxiliary verbs to have and to he are represented by one
form of auxiliary, which is here given and is typical of the
inflections of all verbs :

PRESENT OR FUTURE.
ana aJa'in, I will be or become ehna nekfm, we, &c.
(German werde)
inta tekun, thou, &c. intuvi tekilnu, you, &c.
huiva yekun, he, &c. humma yeki'mu, they, &c
PAST.
ana kunt, 1 was or became. ehna kunna, we, &c.
inta kunt, intum kuntu,
huiva kdn, humma kdnu.

* It is interesting to note the number of Arabic words that have been

Imported into the Enf,'lish lansuaKe, besides the above and tlie well-linown
forms generally besiiiniiig witli al or el, alchemy, almanac, alembic, elixir,
algebra — the last from an Arab mathematician with tlie appellation of Al
Gebbar, the giant. Thus, many less distinctive words are found, such as
admiral, arsenal, to drub, to booze, glioul, zany, 'popivjay, bug (not in-
digenous to England). The introduction of these into our language is
probably due to the Crusaders. The soldiers of later days are responsible
for a great many Hindustani words in current use in our colloquial lan-
guage, such as to crab (military term from Arabic root kharab), club,
punch, bobbery. So long I and numerous others.
 — —

68

There is no verb corresponding to / am. It is omitted.

Thus, ana mabsilt, I am contented; hnica faqlr, he is poor.
I have, etc., is formed with the preposition 'and (near)
and the personal pronouns, as
'andi, I have. 'andena, we have.
'andak, thou hast. 'andekam, you have.
'andii, he has. 'andeJnun, they have.
I had is kdn 'audi, (there was near me) ; and similarly
for the other persons.

General Formation of Tenses.

An ordinary verb katab, he wrote — is here given, and
all the verbs are formed similarly :

katab, he wrote, kdtib, writing, maktub, written.

PRESENT OR FUTURE.
ana aktib, I write 07' will write, ehna niktib,
inta tiktib, intiim tiktibu,
hinva yiktib, hiunma yiktibu.

PAST.
ana katdbt, I wrote. ehna katdbna,
inta katdbt, intum katdbtu,
hnwa katab, humma katabu.
IMPERFECT.
ana hint aktib, I was writing. elina kunna niktib,
inta kunt tiktib, intum kuntu tiktihu,
Iiuwa kdn yiktib, humma kdnu yiktibu.
PLUPERFECT.
ana kunt katdbt, I had written. ehna kunna katdbna,
inta kunt katdbt, intum kuntu katdbtu,
huwa kdn katab, humma kdnu katabu.

Nearly all imperatives are formed uniformly, as Iktib —

Write! Imsik— Take hold ofl 7ms/«— Walk! or Go I

I/tali— Open From masak, mdshi, fatah.

!

A form to express present action, to distinguish the

present from the future, is often used, the present being
given the prefix bi. Thus,
ana baktib, I am writing (now),
inta bitiktib, huwa biyikt'tb, &c.
 —

64

The verbs call for no further remark beyond the fact

that there is a feminine form of the 3rd person sing.,
present and past tense. Thus, "she writes," Idya tiktib
instead of yiktib; "she wrote," hlya katabet instead of
katab; similarly, "she was," kdn e t mstesid oi kan. Col-
lective nouns also take this feminine singular form; as
El gemdl tdkal, the camels eat.

THE PRONOUN.
Except when governing the verb or as the subject of a
sentence, the forms of personal pronouns a7ia, inta, huwa,
&c., are not used, but another form as in 'andi, I have,
quoted above; similarly, tahti, under me, ganbi, by my
side.
To express possession the word bit'a, belonging to, is

used. Thus,
bit'ai, mine, biVaak, thine, bit'a-ii, his,

bit'ana, ours, bWakum, yours, bWahum, theirs.

But, unless it is intended to lay stress on the possessive,

this wordgenerally replaced by the suffix.

is Thus,
milki, my property wishak, your face; riglu, his leg, &c.
;

The dative form of the personal pronoun is made with

the prefix I :

li, to me, lak, to thee, lu, to him,

lena, to us, lakum, to you, lalium, to them.

FORMATION OF PLURALS.
The regular form of plural is made by the addition of
In to masculine words and -at to feminine. The feminine
word generally ends in a (see p. 10) and is transcribed
as ah when a simple noun and leh when a derivative
it is

noun. It therefore causes little difficulty, and being

feminine in accordance with previously conceived ideas
on the subject, one is not troubled with unreasonable
genders. As a set-off to this, the plurals of nouns disport
themselves under so many guises that the above rule of
adding -In and -at is chiefly of use in the formation of
the plurals of adjectives and of feminine derivative nouns.
The plurals of nouns* ring the following kinds of changes^
* And of some adjectives.
 —

65

and each must be learnt as an exception. For instance :

Sing. Plur. Sing. Plur.

shibdk, a window, sliebablk. futah, a towel, foivdt.
gebel,a mountain, gebdl. heytah, a wall, heytdn.
merkeb, a ship, merdkib. walad, a boy, duldd.
- beyt, a house, beyilt. hakim, & doctor, hukam a.
The dual form is obtained by adding -eijn ; thus, rdgil,
a man ; rdgileyri tdyyibeyn, two good men.

THE DEFINITE ARTICLE.

The definite article with a qualifying
el, the, is repeated
adjective. Thus the large army. It has no
el geysh el keblr,
feminine or plural form. Before certain letters el suffers
elision and duplicates the initial letter of the following
word. Thus, en ndr, the fire esh shems, the sun. ;

THE NEQATIVE.
The negative is peculiar. *'
Not " is viush, compounded
of ma, not, and shey, a thing, and can be separated like
ne pas in French.
Thus, "I know" is ana'arej; "I don't know," ana
ma'arefsh or manish ""aref, or simply mush 'aref.*

THE ADJECTIVE.
Comparative and Superlative.
The forms are regular, and as follows:
Jiasan, good (beautiful) ; ahsan, better ; el ahsan, the best.
shdter, clever; ashter, cleverer; el ashter, the cleverest.
ketlr, many (much) ; aktir, more ; el aktir, most
(classical, el aksir, hence " elixir").
keblr, great ; akbar, greater ; el akbar, greatest.
e.g., Alldhu 'I akbar ! God is the greatest 1

Genders.
The feminine of adjectives is formed by adding the
letter hey.

Thus, the feminine form of the above words becomes

hasanah, shdtirah, ketlrah, &c.

* In the Sudan the form is ma b'aref, and is more correct Arabic.

Egyptian S.-T. F
 " !

66

The adjectives of colour are peculiar ; e.g.,

ahiad, white; (fern.) bey da.
dhmar, red ;
(fern.) liamara (hence Alhambra).
A list of these is given on page 34.

POLITE DICTION.
It not impolite, as in most European languages, to
is
use the 2nd person singular but it is usual in speaking ;

to equals to use the word hdderet, presence. Thus, instead

of inta, thou, and Imwa, he, one says politely hddretak,
hddretu. It is not necessary when the expression used is
in itself polite as, Min fadlak, Please
; Kattar khei/rak, !

Thank you Alldh yehfdzak, God keep you

1 Nehdrak !

ia,%d, Good morning Leyltak sa'ldah, Good evening

I

If the person addressed is of much higher rank, the

word sa'adetak or sa'adetkum should be used, and pro-
nounced sa'ddtak, sa'ddtkum.
It is well to be familiar with the expressions by which
God invoked.
is Thus, Allah! is often "used during a
pause in conversation Bkviillah ! In the name of God
; I

(on starting work or a journey) Insha, Allah I Please God ; I

(used constantly for per/m^js) Masha, Allah! an expression;

of surprise or admiration (in the latter case with the

intention of avoiding the evil eye). Yallah ! By God I

(used always for " Go on " " Let us proceed " &c.).*
!
!

On entering a room or house, one is addressed with the

words Marhabba! (Welcome !) or more cordially with Ahlan
wa sdhlan! (Make yourself at home !).

As a rule, the expression Saldm 'aleykum ! (Peace be

upon you !) is reserved by Mohammedans for Mohamme-
dans, but if used to a Christian or other should be
answered by 'Aleykum es saldm ! (On you be peace 1).

Politeness requires that on occasions of making an

all
offer of a seat, cigarette, coffee, &c., the word Itfdddal (Be
gracious) must be used as a preliminary.

WalUih I is a form of oath for " By Godl

 ! ! ! !

67

CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES AND

SENTENCES.

Useful and Necessary Expressions.

English. Aeabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.

At last akhlran
allow me ismah li
are you hungry? inta ga'an
be careful, open your ifta^ 'eynak
eyes
begone imshi
out with you 1 itl'a barra
by all means 'ala kulli lial
certamly la budd, m'alum, na'am
come back irg'a
come here ta'alahena
come in idkhol,hush
do you hear ? inta sam'a?
do you know ? inta arif, or ta'araf v
excuse me
forgive me samili ni, or ma ta'akhiznish
from here min hena
good-bye m'a es-salamah
go away ruh min hena
go on imshi
give me iddl-ni, a'atl-ni
how many times ? kam marrah ?
holloa there ! oh you ya inta I

immediately (in this fil waqt, halan

time)
impossible ! ma yumkinsh
in front of qodam
in future (afterwards) fil qabil (ba'adeyn)
itmeans {i.e.) ya'ani
make haste qawam, bil 'agal
many thanks barakat warsin
 68

English. Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.

never mind ma'aleysh

no la
take care 1 'oal
tell me qul-li
thanks shokr
tliank you allah yahfdrZ-ak
that's another thing deh shey tani
the sooner the better
en nahar deh qabl bukra
(to-day, before to-mor-
to the rear [row)1 li wara
very bad radi, bil liamm
very much ketirqawi
very nice kwayls khalis
very often (much) ketir
very well tfiyyib, 'azim
what ? eysh huwa ? or eysh deh ?
what is this for ? 'alaey deh ?
what is this ? deh ey deh ?
who is there? min henak ?
who is this ? da min deh ?
why ? ley?
yes na'am, aywa

Simple and Practical Phrases.

Alas 1 akhkh !

any news ? fi khabar ?

are you in a hurry ? inta mista'agil ?

as you like (to your 'ala keyfak
pleasure)
bring a liglat here hat nur hena?
bring me gib li, hat-li
bring me a chair hat kiirsi
call the servant inda el khaddam
come back erg'a
do not annoy me ma tiza'alnlsh
do not forget ma tinsHsh
don't tell him ma taqul-lush
do you think ? inta teftekr? or inta tezunn?
do you understand? inta fahim ? or fahemt ?
do as you please, )
bi khatirak
please yourself J
 !

69

English. Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.

get up qum
give him iddih; iddl-lu
give him a second one, iddlh (or iddl-lu) tani
give me [one' iddl-ni ; a'atini
give me a different iddl-ni wa^iid gheyr-u
give me a little of iddl-ni shuwayah min deh
go back [this erg 'a
go more slowly imshi bishweysh
go more quickly imshi bil 'agal
good evening leylt-ak sa'idah
good morning to you sabah el-kheyr 1 07' neharak
he appealed (against istanaf [sa'ld
the judgment of a
Court of Justice)
he is a liar huwa kaddab
he is drunk huwa sakran
he is under my huwa ta^it 'eydi
orders (hand)
he is very angry huwa zaalan ketir
he is ill [himself huwa 'ayyan
he learned Arabic by t'allam el 'arabi wahid-u bi-
he told me huwa qal-ni [nafs-u
hold your tongue,
oskut (ikhlas)
(shut up) (end)
how do you do ? salamat ? or ez-zeykum ?
how many ? kam ? or qad eyh ?
how many piastres ? kam qirsh ?
how much ? kam?
how much do you tibi'a deh bikam ?
sell this (it) for?
how must we go 'anhu et tarlq ila ?
to ?
I am
astonished ana m.ota'aggib
I am
going ana raih
I am
not able ma aqdersh
I cannot (it is not ma yumkinnlsh
possible for me to)
I assure you ana a'akid lak
I have not ma 'andlsh
I am angry with you ana za'alan wayyak
I am cold ana bardan
 70

Eugllsh. Arabic—Phonetic Pronunciation.

I am hungry ana ga'an

I am not hungry ana mush ga'an
I am tired [to it ana t'aaban
I am not accustomed ana ma llsh 'adah flh
I am wrong el haqq 'aleya
I cannot ma aqdarsh
I do not care ana ma 'ala ball
I do not know ma 'arafsh
I do not speak the ma atkallimsh el loghah el
Arabic language 'arabieh
I cannot learn Arabic ma aqdarsh at'alim 'arabi iza
if you speak English kan inta tetkallim bilingellz
I have no appetite ma llsh nafs
I have no passport ma 'andlsh tazkarah
I live at — ana sakin ti —
I never saw him ma shuftush abadan
I want ana 'awiz (or 'auz, or 'ayiz)
I want tobuy ana 'awiz ishtiri
I will not (am not ana mush radi
if you please [willing) min fadlak
is everything ready ? kuU shey hader ?
it is not necessary mush lazim
it is your fault el-haqq 'aleyk
it is not my fault ana ma 'andish 'eyb
I am mistaken ana ghaltan [("shame ")
it is raining hard yetmattar qawi
it is too late wakhri ketir
it isvery hot harr ketir
keep to the right khallik 'ala yiminak
knock at the door iklibat el bab
lend me salllf-ni
let me help you khalll-ni 'annak
light the candle walla esh shama'a
light the tire walla en-nar
lock the door iqfil al bab bilkeylun
make haste bil-'agal
my words have made
no impression on
him (he did not
kalami ma sama'usb
hear myword)
oh ! how dirty yon are ya 1 ma-inta wisekh
 !

71

English. Ababic— Phonetic Pronunciation.

open the door iftah el bab

permit me ismali-li, or Izin-li
rinn el gavas,
ring the bell
doqq el garas
iqfil el bab,
shut the door
radd el bilb
sit down, please itfaddal oq'od
speak plainly itkallam bil'ali
speak the truth ! qui bil liaqq
take care ! no lies ! ihtazar ma takdibsh
! I

take it khud-u
tell him [straight) qul-lu
tell the truth (it qui doghri
thank you kattar kheyrak
that's enough I bass 01- bi-ziadah
I

there is no harm ma fish darar

they are all alike kullohum zey ba'ad
this annoys me very deh yiza'alni ketir
wait here [much istanna hena
wait until he comes istanna lihdd ma yeygi
walk slowly imshi 'ala mahlak
we will eat 'auzin nakul
what are you doing ? bit'amil eyh ?
what did he say ? qal eyh ?
what does it con- fib eyh ?
tain ?
what do you say ? bitqul eyh ?
what do you want ? 'auz eyh ?
what have you got ? eyh 'andak?
what is that ? [ence ? eyh deh ?
what is the differ- el fark eyh ?
what is the matter ? el khabar eyh ?
what is the news ? el khabar eyh ?
what is this ? eysh huwa ?
what is to be done ? el 'amal eyh?
what is your name ? ismak eyh ?
what is your opinion? takhminak eyh ?
what makes you inta za'alan leyh ?
angry ?
what o'clock is it ? es sa'ah kam ?
what pay does he get? mahlyat-u kam?
 72

English. Akabic. —Phonetic Pronunciation.

what shall I do ? ana a'mil izzay ?

where are you ? inta feyn ?
where are you going? inta raih feyn ?
where do you live ? inta sakin feyn ?
where is he now ? huwa feyn dilwaqti
which house is yours? anhi beyt bit'aak ?
which horse will you anhu hosan tirkab ?
ride?
will you allow me ? tismah li ?

will you oblige me ? 'amil ma'artif ?

will you take this ? takhod deh ?
who told you ? min qal lak ?
you must go now lazim teruh dilwaqt
you are late inta ta.akhart
you are right (the
truth is in your el haqq bi eydak
hands)

Directions to Workmen.
*'
Bring a hoe hat turieli (u) hat fas ; (l)
bring a basket hat ghalaq (muqtaf)
bring rope hat habl
dig here ifhathena
take from before you imsek min qodam
take from behind you imsek min wara
make it wider 'amal-u was'a ziadah
deeper yet ghawit lissa
go down deeper inzel wati lissa
go down to water inzel lil moyyah
go down to native inzel lil 'ard sahih
earth
go thus mashi keda
take care of it bishweysh min deh {lit.,

leave it complete khalllh salim [slowly with it)

turn itover iqlib-u
do not break the ma tiksar-ush et tub
Dricks
are there mud bricks fi tub nai au tub ahmar ?
or burnt bricks ?

See p. 13.
 73

English. Akabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.

work, oh boy 1 ishtaghal ya walad

pull ;
push shidd or shil [carry)
turn it dauwar-u
come and measure ta'ala qls esh-shoghl
the work
but measure it m'teqis-u
how much are the el ograh kam ?

wages ?
the work is by the day esh shoghl bil yom
,,
measure
,, ,, ,, bil qias
this is very tough deh yabis khalas
I cannot lift it up ma aqdarsh ashil-u
it is needful to have lazim nas ziadah
more men
ornament (-ed) rasm (mersum)
inscription (inscribed) kitabah (maktub)
mound of ruins kom, or tell

potsherds shuqf
cemetery gabbanah
grave turbah, pin. turab

Travel Talk.— Arrival.

I want a boat 'auz wahed felukkah
this is not big enough deh mush keblr bil kifayah
for us 'ala shan-na
no it will not do
1
la ma yenf'ash
!

can you take our teqdar takhod el 'afsh bit'a-

luggage with you? na wayyak?
certainly, sir [porter ommal ya sidi* !

I will bringyou a agib lak wahed shayyal

he can carry the lot by yeqdar yeshll kullu bi nafs-u;
himself; he is strong huwa gad'af [karro
he has a cart, too 'andu kaman wahed 'arableh
there is first the cus- auwalan fi taftlsh el gumruk
tom-house exami-
nation [carriage
we will go in the ehna neruh fil 'arableh

* Ommal corresponds to "Katherl I should thinli so."

t Gad'a (lit., brave). Used politely when calling out to any man,
especially in the streets, to make way.
 74

English. Aeabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.

you must come with lazim inta teygi wayya-na

us [fare is
me how much the
tell qul-li el ograh bi kam
how much is the fare bi kam elograh lil mahattah?
to the station?
each person four kul shakhs arb'aa qurush
piastres [much ?
and the porter, how wa'sh shayyal, kam ?
he is entitled to ask haqq-u [Ids right] qirsh-
two piastres, and eyn, wa huwa biyet-
asking for baq-
is lob baqshish 'ala shan
shish because it is harr ketir wa'l 'afsh
hot and the lug- teqil
gage is heavy
is the luggage correct? el 'afsh tamam ?
eleven pieces had'ashra hittah*
you left one in the inta fut wahedah fil wabur
steamer
you must send the lazim tirsel esh-shayyal yis.al
porter to enquire 'an-u
about it
there [by God] I
1 w'allah ! ana neslt-u khalas
quite forgot it, sir ya sidi
[0 my master]
thank goodness !
— el hamdu I'illah 1 fi had
someone is bring- biyeglb-u dilwaqti
ing it now

The Railway.

Is the station far? el mahattah ba'id ?

no ; a quarter of an la ;masafah rob'a s'aah bas3
hour's distance only
whendoesthetraingo? el wabur yesafir imta?
in half-an-hour b'ad \after']nuss sa'ah
anyhow, it will not 'ala kulli hal ma yesafirsb
start before the qabli ma teygi el bosta
mails come [then
we need not hurry mush lazim nist'agil baqa

* Hittah (sing.). Beyond ten the singular is always p-ed.

 75

English. Aeabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.

please go and get min fadlak ruh wa gib et
the tickets tazakir [ula
I want four first-class 'auz arb'aa mehellat daragah
there is a ticket short fi tazkarah naqes

never mind I will ! m'aleysh agib lak

1 kaman
bring you another wiihedah
and the money ; is it w'al filus, tamam? [comjdete]
right ?
one piastre is bad wahed qirsh batal
[by the life of your wa hayat abuk huwa tayyib 1

father] I swear it

is good [only old

you are right, it is lak haqq, huwa qadmi bass
1 would like to ask ana biddi is,al et terguman
the interpreter
there is no need to ma fish lezum
I will ascertain from ana istdfhem min-u bardu
him, all the same
the luggage goes with- el 'afsh yertih ballash
out extra charge
no I I have paid 15 la ana dof 'aat khamast'ashrah
piastres ;here's qirsh ;ah6 el wasl
the receipt [journey [safety)
I wish you a good m'a es salamah (lit. with I

you are travellers hadretkum musafirin

how long have you baqa lakum kam yom fi berr
been in Egypt ? Masr?
we arrived only to- wasalna en nehar deb bass
day [Cairo ?
are you going to intum rayhin fi Masr ?
we shall stay there noqod henak arb'at eyyam,
four days waiting mustannin el wabur
for the steamer
it is not enough ;
ma yekfish ; lazim aqall
you require 2 or guma'ateyn telatah
3 weeks at least
our intention is to qasdena neshuf kullu qabli
see everything be- ma nirg'a fil bilad el
forewe go back to inc:eliz
England
 !

76

English. Arabic. —Phonetic Pronunciation.

good ;
perhaps I kway-is ; insha,allah ashuf-
you when
shall see kum lamma tirga'u min es
you return from Sa'id
Upper Egypt
please God insha,allah I

An Excursion.
Wake me early in salii-ni badri es subh
the morning
we are going to see the elina rayliin neshuf el ahram
Pyramids to-morrow bukra
do you want me to get hadretak 'auz in-ni aliaddar
the donkeys ready? el hemir?
perhaps we shall go yumkin neruli fi 'arableh,
in a carriage, but walakin 'ala kulli hal
anyhow we shall nakhod akl wayya-na
take food with us
yes, sii- everything
; hadir ya sidi, kulli shey
will be all right yibqa tamam
you must take the lazim takhod el ashya el

necessaries for tea lowazimah li shai

the teapot, the spirit, el abriq, es sbirlt, kabrit, wa
matches and every- lazim kullu yitlaff fi waraq
thing must be
wrapped in paper
I have wrapped up ana laffeyt kullu wa hotteyt-u
everything and put fil qafas
it into the basket
we can buy oranges yumki'nna nishteri bortoqan
and melons on the wa shammam (or batikh)
way [the wine wa ehna fi sikkali
good do not forget
;
tayyib ; ma tinsash en nebid
we want to go up the biddinna nitl'a el ahram
Pyramids [effendim
just as you wish, sir zey ma terld (or keyfak),
it is not difficult, but deh mush sa'ab, walakin
it tires one yit'ab el insan {man)
I will bring two men agib ragileyn yitl'au wayya
to go up with you hadretak
this is not necessary deh mush daruri
 ;

77

English. Ababic— Phonetic Pronunciation.

I am
strong and can ana gamid wa aqdar atl'a bi

go up alone [once nafs-i

get the tea ready at haddar esh shai halan
the horse is going el hosan biy 'urog wa ta'aban
lame, and is very ketir
tired
the driver is beating el arbaggi biyidrab el hosan
the horse without bidun sabab
any reason
he knows his business y'araf shoghl-u
he is not cruel huwa mush qasi
another time I will tani marrah akhod wahed
take someone else gheyr-u
they are all alike kuUohum zey ba'ad
have you made an 'atiiilt hisab min el felus
account of what {inoney) illi sardft-u ?
you have spent ?

On the Nile.
I have seen the da- ana shuft ed dahabieh wa
habieh, and it is a hiya merkeb 'aal
very fine boat
have you brought all nazzdlt kul el 'afsh ?
the luggage down ?
have you brought the ishtereyt el khodarat wa lahm
vegetables and mut- dani, wa firakh wa beyd;
ton, fowls and eggs wa t'ayyinat lil merakbieh
also provisions for
the crew ?
if the wind is not iza kan el hauwa {or er rih)
enough, we must mush kafi, lazim nist-
use the oars [tiful 'aamil el maqadlf
the weather is beau- elhauwa kway-is
can we land and see yumkinna ninzel neshuf el
the town after balad deb, b'ad el magh-
sunset ? reb ?
as you wish, sir; zey ma terld hadretak, wala-
but the people kin en nas hen«^ batalln
here are bad
we are not afraid ehna mush khaifin
 78

English. Aeabio.— Phonetic Pronunciation.

if you walk on this iza timshi nahayadeh min el

side of the town, balad, ma fish ba,_as
there is no objec-
tion [boat is !

I wonder where the el merkeb feyn ya tara !

there it is, south of ah6, qibli min el balad, 'ala

the town, on the taraf esh sliarqi
east bank
to-morrow we will go bukra neruLi lis-seyd saua
shooting together saua
there are pigeons fi hammam wa siman wa
and quail and some- ba'ad el ahyan qatt'a
times sandgrouse
I want someone to 'auz walied ragil yeshll el
carry the cartridges fishenk wa'l qafas bil akl
and the basket with
the food
you will keep (walk- tekun inta mashi 'ala el
ing) on the right yeniln wa ana fil wust
and lin the middle
quail are always to es siman tamdlli maugudin
be found in the fi'l qam^i
wheat
you keep behind me khallik wara-ni wa oskot
and be silent [for it
I hit it; go and look ana sibt-u ruh dauwar 'aleyh
;

I am tired, and it is ana t'aaban wa wakhri ketir

very late [luck
we have had good bakhtena (our luck) tayyib
nearly six, and
it is sa'ah sitteh taqriban wa ehna
we are hungry ga'anin
the Berberines are el Barabra nas (people)
good fellows, and tayyibin wa 'arifin el bahr
thoroughly acquain- bil kullieh
ted with the river
certainly, they work ma'alum, yishtaghalu giddan
hard, and are not wa mush kaslanin
lazy [their pay [bit'a^thum
they are asking for humma talibin el mahiyah
it is not due yet lissa mush wafa
 ;

79

English. Ababic— Phonetic Pronunciation.

that is true, but they sahlh, walakin bidduhum

want to buy things yishteru hagat lil fantasieh
for the fantasia
if this is the case fi baza el l.ial, ma fish
there is no objec- man'a
tion
they are very pleased; humma mabsutin khalas
and too would
I wa ana kaman 'auz
like to serve you akhdam hadretak till

all my life 'umr-i

perhaps we will go yumkin neruh saua saua
together another marrah taniah
time
please God I will go insha,allah aruh qibli wayya
south with your jenabak es senah illi gay ah
excellency next
year
will you give me a tiddi-ni shehadah min fadlak?
testimonial, please?
God keep you ! alldih yaljfazak
good-bye I m'a es salamah

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

Weight.
144 dirhem make 1 rotl or pound = -99 lb. av. English.
400 dirhem ,, 1 oqqa = 2'75 ,, ,,

100 rotl „ Ikantar =99*05 „ ,,

Length.
1 pik (the principal measure) _op.Q •

"~ ' "

for cloth and silk) j

I qasab =11 ft. 7-7G in. ,,

Surface.
400 square qasah make 1 feddan,
or acre ... ... ... =1 acre 6 rods ,,

Capacity.
24 ri(6'a make 1 rtrc/e/j ... =5'44 bushels ,,

N.B.— The metric system is commonly used lor weight and length.
 —

80

EGYPTIAN MONEY.

Egyptian Value. Systematic Name. English "Valujb.

1 MilUeme = id.

10 Millihnes 1 Piastre or Qirsh = 2id.

Egyptian '
English American
Monet. Money. Money.
ARABIC NAME.
Piastres. Mill'mes. £ s. d. Dels. Cents

Gold Coins,
Giney Masri (the )
100 1000 1 6 5
Egyptian pound) j

Nuss Giney 50 500 10 3 2 50

Silver Coins.
Hiydl Masri ... 20 200 — 4 1 1 —
Niiss lliyal 10 100 — •2 .3
5
— 50
Hub' a Riydl ... 5 50 1 25
Qirsheyn 2 20 — 6 — 5
Qirsh (Piastre) 1 10 2i 5
Nickel Coins.
Nuss Qirsh 5 — — 1 — 2
2 Milliemes TO 2 1
1 MilUeme 1
TO 1 — — 1 — i

There are Copper pieces of | and \ MilUeme

{2-Para and 1-Para pieces); these are used only by
the very poor.

Note. — English tourists are recommended to have their

credit notes cashed in English Gold. The following
are valued as under :

Piastres. Millifimes.

The English Sovereign (£1) 97.5

The French Napoleon (20f.) 77.1i

William Bbown & Co., Ltd., St. Mary Axe, London, E.G.
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 — — — —

FRENCH (contd.).

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edition. Revised by J. LAFFITTE, B.-6s-L. For learning
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French Technical Words and Phrases, by J. A. STANDRING
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French Verbs at a Glance, The. by Mariot de BEAUVOISIN

A Summary, exhibiting the Best System of Conjugation by
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 —
10 FRENCH {contd.).

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Rules of French Grammar at a Glance, by O. F. CAMPHUIS.

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FRENCH. Containing Pronunciation, Notes on Grammar,
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Toujours Pret, by Toreau de MARNEY the Ideographic French

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Travellers' Practical Manual of Conversation.

No. (Marlborough's), English, FRENCH, German and
1
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 —
FRENCH {contd.). GERMAN. 11

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 — — — —
12 GERMAN (contd.).

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German and English Commercial Correspondence, by Mathias

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German Technical Words and Phrases, by C. A. THIMM and

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 — —
GERMAN {conuL). 13

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Interlinear German Reading Book, by F. with the HAHN,

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Soldiers' Language Manual (The), No. 2. By AJAX. ENGLISH-

GERMAN. Containing Pronunciation, Notes on Grammar,
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Traveller's Practical Manual of Conversation.

No. 1 (Marlborough's) English, French, GERMAN,* Italian,
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Traveller's Practical Manual of Conversation.

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14 GERMAN (eontd.). GREEK {Modern).

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Greek (Modern) Self-Taught (Thimm's System. In Greek

and By Nicolaos Ai\ ASTASSi OU,
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Bacheiicr dplimie du CuJiege Grec de lialki. With
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 GREEK {Modern) (dontd.) HINDUSTANL 15

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Modern Greek Grammar, by VLACHOS. (See page 23).

HINDUSTANI.
Hindustani Self-Taught, by Capt. C. A. THIMM in Homan
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hardt, m.a., m.ii.a.s., Professor of Hindustani at the London
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Travel Talk; Naval, Military, Legal, Judicial, Religious. Com-

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Hindustani Grammar Self-Taught, by Capt. C. A. THIMM.

Revised _ by . SHAMS'UL 'ULAMA SAYYID 'ALI
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Containing: I. A
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16 HUNGARIAN. ITALIAN.

HUNGARIAN.COUNT de
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Italian Grammar Self-Taught. By A. C. PANAGULLI,

Principal of the London Scnool of Italian. Containing Alphabet,
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ROMERO-TODEbCO and W. CHiiVOB MAURICE,
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London: E. MAKLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.C.

 —
ITALIAN (contd.). JAPANESE, 17

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3 iliprnie:^^:.
Japanese Self-Taught [Thimm's System In Roman Characters].
byW.J.S. SHAND, late Director, School of Japanese Language
and Literature, London. With English Phonetic Pronunciation.
Containing The Syllabary Classified Vocabularies and Conver-
;

sations; Travelling, Commercial and Trading, Naval, Military

and Religious Terms and Phrases; the Numerals; IMoney
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Japanese Grammar Self-Taught, by H. J. WEINTZ in Roman

Characters. Containing I. Grammar and Syntax, with
:

Pronunciation, Native Japanese characters, &c. II. Exercises and

Extracts. 1. Exercises for Translation, with Key. 2. Reading
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 —
18 LATIN. NORWEGIAN. PERSIAN.

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Norwegian Self-Taught, by C. A. THIMM.

Revised and En-
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With Phonetic Pronunciation.
Containing Vocabularies, Elementary Grammar, Conversations,
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I>ERSIi3LN.
Persian Self-Taught, by SHEYKH HASAN. In Roman
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Coinage; Persian Handwriting; The Numerals, Money with
English and American values. Weights and Measures. 1909.
Crown Bvo., 9G pp., blue wrapper ... ... ... .•• ••• 2/0
- — Do., do., red cloth ... ... ... ... •• ••• 2,6-
" This a most welcome addition to the Self-Tanght Srrie6.' Those
is '

who flei're to acquire a colloquial and practical knowledge, and to all

such we gladly recommend this very useful little book."— ^Z'/ta Farsi,
B-ymba .

London: E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.G.

 PORTUGUESE. RUSSIAN. SINHALESE. 19

I>ORXXJOUESES. Net

Portuguese Self-Taught (Thimm's System), by E. da CUNHA.

With Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing Vocabularies,
Elementary Grammar, Conversational Phrases and Sentences,
Commercial, Tradnig, Legal, and Religious Terms, Travel Talk,
Cycling, Motoring, Photograpriy, Amusements, Tables of Money,
Weights and Measures, Ac. Skcond Edition. 1912. Crown 8vo.,
120 pp., blue wrapper 2/0

Do. do., red cloth 2/6

Portuguese Washing Book, by E da CUNHA : for Ladies, Gentle-

men & Families. Counterfoils in English. Demy 8vo., wrapper 6d.

Portuguese Grammar, by L. de CABANO (See page 23.)

RUSSIAN.
Russian Self-Taught,by C. A THIMM and J. MARSH ALL, m. a.
In Russian and l-ioman Characters. With English Phonetic
Pronunciation Containing Vocabularies of words in general
use; Elementary Grammar; Colloquial and Idiomatic Phrases;
Travel Talk; Cycling, Photographic, Shooting, Fishing, Naval,
Military, Commercial and Trading Terms and Conversations;
Tables of Money with illustration of Russian coinage and
English and American values, Weiglits and Measures.
Fifth Edition. 1915. Crown 8vo., 134 pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0
Do. do., red cloth 2/6
Russian Washing Book, by C. A. THIMM: for Ladies, Gentle-
men & Families. Counterfoils in Engli-sh. Demy Bvo., wrapper 6d

Russian Grammar, by F. ALEXANDROW. (See page 23.)

Russian & English Dialogues, by F. ALEXANDROW cloth ... 2/0

SIISJIHLALESE.
Sinhalese Self-Taught, by Don M. de Zilva WICKREM ASIN-
GHE,M.A.,Epigraphist to tlieCeyion Government. JuSinhalese&
Roman chaiaclers, with the English Phonetic Pronunciation.
Containing the Sinhalese Alphabet, with transliteration and
phonetic signs used; CI i si tied Vocabularies and Conversations;
Outline of Grammar; Terms and Phrases for Travel, Commerce,
Planting, Public Works, Fishing and Shouting, &c.; Numerals,
Money, Weights and Measures, Postal Rates. 1916.
Crown 8vo, 119 pages, blue wrapper ... ... ... ••. 2/0
Do. do., red cloth ^/6

London: E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.C

20 SPANISH. SWEDISH.

Si^ANISH. Net

Spanish Self-Taught (Thirnm's System). Entirely now and enlarged

edition, lievised by ANDRES J. R. V. GARCIA (Principal o
the Garcia School of Languages. For learning tlie language by the
Natural l^Iethod, with Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing
Alphabet and Pronunciation, Notes on Articles, Gender, Accent,
&c.. Classified Vocabularies, Conversational Phrases and Sen-
tences, Correspondence, Travel Talk, Commercial, Naval and
I\Iilitary Terms, Amusements, Motoring, Cycling, Photography,
Tables of Moneys with English and American Values, Weights
and Measures. Illustration of Spanish Coinage. Vocabularies
for Canary Islands. 1916. Crown 8vo., 152 pp., blue wrapper I/O
Do. do., red cloth 1/6'

Spanish Grammar Self-Taught, by A. J.R.V. GARCIA. Contain-

ing the -Alphabet and Pronunciation, Notes on Accent, Punctua-
tion, Capitals, &c., &c.; thirty-five Lessons, consisting of clearly
sta^jd Rules of Grammar, with abundant exemplary Sentences,
Vocabularies, and Exercises in translation into Spanish ; also a
full, alphabetical, English-Spanish Vocabulary of the words
very
used in the Exercises. 1917. Crown 8vo. blue wrapper
, ... 1/0
Do. do., red cloth 1/6

Key to Spanish Grammar Self-Taught. Crown 8vo, blue wrapper 6d.

Spanish Self-Taught and Grammar with Key. In one volume.
Crown Bvo., green cloth .. ... ... •• ••• ••• 3/6

Spanish by Home Study. (Three books, banded together: Spanish

Self-Taught, Grammar, and Key.) Crown Bvo., blue wrapper ... 2/9'

Spanish and English Commercial Correspondence, by D.

SALVO With Phraseology, Alphabetical List of Merchandise,
Commercial Terms, and Tables of Money, Weights and Measures,
for Commercial Institutions and for practical use in the Counting
House Revised and Enlarged Edition. 1909. Demy Bvo.,
fawn wrapper 1/"

Do. do., cloth 1/6-

Spanish Grammar, by D. SALVO (See page 2.3.)

Spanish and English Dialogues (New) by TOLRA y FORNES

and D. BOWMAN,
cloth Z/O-

Spanish Washing Book, by C. A. THIMM: for Ladies, Gentle-

men & Families. Counterfoils in English. Demy Bvo., wrapper 6d.

Swedish Self-Taught, by C. A. THIMM & W. F. HARVEY, m.a.

Revised Carl Cederlof, with English Phonetic Pro-
by
nunciation. Containing Classified Vocabularies, Colloquial and
Idiomatic Phrases and Conversations; Elementary Grammar
Travel Talk; Cycling Photographic, Shooting, Fishing, Money,

London :E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, EX.
 SWEDISH (contd.). TAMIL 21

Net
with English and American Values and Illustration of Swedish
Coinage Weights and Measures
;

Second Edition. 1908. Crown 8vo., 100 pp., blue wrapper 2/0
Do. do., red cloth 2/6
" A stndent could easily make considerable headway with Swedish,
even in the absence of a living instructor."— r7ie Schoolmaster.

Swedish Grammar, by C. LENSTROM (Seepage 23.)

Swedish and English Dialogues, by C. LENSTROM, cloth ... 2/0

Swedish Washing Book,by C. A. THIMM for Ladies. Gentle- :

men, & Families. Counterfoils in English. Demy 8vo., wrapper 6d.

" A great boon to families and others."— Weldan's Ladies' Journal.

Tamil Self-Taught, by Don M. de Zilva WICKREM ASINGHE,

Epigraphist to the Ceylon Government. In Roman characters,
with English Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing The
Alphabet Classified Vocabularies and Conversations English-
; ;

Tamil Alphabetical Vocabulary; Travelling, Commercial,

Official, Planting, Shooting and Fishing Terms and Phrases ;

Numerals, Money, Weights and Measures.

Second Edition. 1911. Crown 8vo,, 96 pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0
Do., do., red cloth ... ... ... •• ••• ••• 2/6
" For ourselves, we think it a capital little introduction to the study of
the language, which should prove exceedingly useful to planters and
others "—The Ceylon Church Missinnari/ Gleaner.
" We have pleasure in recommending the book to students, officers,
civil servants, traders, travellers, and all others who desire to acquire
an excellent grounding in Tamil."— Ceylon Catholic Mest^enfjer.
Tamil Grammar Self-Taught. by Don M. Zilva de WICKRE-
MASINGHE. In Tamil and Roman Characters. Containing
I.— Grammar and Syntax. Alphabet and Pronunciation. Tamil
Characters Transliteration. Parts of Speech. Rules of Syntax.
—
II. Exercises in Tamil and English, with Key. III.— Tamil-
English Vocabulary, Alphabetically arranged. 1906.
Crown 8vo., 120 pp., blue wrapper ... ... ... ... .•• 4/0
^Do. do., red cloth 5/0
"Is a great improvement on any attempt of the kind which has pre-
ceded it, and will without the slightest doubt be found very uselul by
anyone wishing to take up Tamil, either merely for acquiring a col-
loquial and conversational knowledge of it. or with the intention of
entering udou a thorough study of the language and its literature. The
book is miles ahead of anything that has been attempted in this direc-
tion before." — The Times of Ceylon.
Tamil Self-Taught and Grammar. In one volume. Crown 8vo.,
216 pp., red cloth 7/6
" With these two volumes the English student should be able to obtain
a fair mastery of the Tamil language, even without a teacher."— Ce^/ZoJi
Observer.

London: E. MARLBOROUGH & Co , PubUshers, 51, Old Bailey, B.C.

 24 SELECTED DICTIONARIES.

Selected Dictionaries.
•Dictionaries marl<ed with an asterisk (*) are obtained only to order.

ARABIC.
•BADGER (G. P). English-Arabic Lexicon. Imperial 4to. Net£i/4/
•LANE (E. W.). Arabic-English Lexicon, derived from tlie
best and most copious Eastern sources. Eight vols. Royal 4to.,
cloth. £10. The set offered for Net £4/4
•SALMON E (H. A.). Arabic-English Dictionary, with English
Index. Two vols. Post 8vo., cloth Net 36/0
•STh-INGASS (Dr. F.). Students' Arabic-English Dictionary.
Demy 8vo., cloth 50/0
•
Englihh-Arabic Dictionary, in Arabic characters and
transliterated. Demy 8vo., cloth 28/0
•WOR TABET (W. S.) Arabic-English Dictionary(in Arabic and
Roman characters). Royal Bvo., half-bound Net 21/0

BURMESE.
•JUDSON (A.), STEVENSON (R. C). Burmese-English
Dictionary. Royal Svo. Net 27/6
•
English Burmese Half-bound Net 27/6
•
PHliMNEV (P. D.) and EVELETH (Rev. P. H.).
English- Burmese and Burmese-English Pocket Dic-
tionary. Oblong 8vo., cloth Net 6/0

CHINESE.
•GOODRICH Chinese-English Pocket Dictionary, and
(C).
Pekingese Syllabary Small Svo, half-bound Net 7/6
•HILLIER (Sir W.), KC.M.G.,(J.B. English-Chinese Pocket
Dictionary ol Peking, colloquial. Ryl. 16mo., cloth ... Net 16/0
'POLETTI (P ). Chinese and English Dictionary, arranged
according to Radicals and Sub-Radicals Roy. 8vo, iialf-bound Net 20/0
'SOOTHILL (W.E.). Pocket Chinese-English Dictionary, in
Chinese characters ... ... ... ... ... ... Net 8/0

DANISH— NORWEGIAN.
•BRYNILDSEN'S English - Dano - Norwegian Dictionary
Crown Bvo., cloth Net 12/6
'LARSEN'S Danish-Norwegian-Enghsh Net 12/6
•MAGMUSSEN (J). Danish-Norwegian-English. 8vo.,
cloth Net 3/6
' •
English-Danish-Norwegian. 8vo. cloth ... Net 3/6

E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., 51, Old Bailey, London, E.G

 SELECTED DICTIONARIES. 25

DUTCH.
•BRUGGENCATE (K. Ten.) English-Dutch and Dutch-
Enghsh Dictionary. Net 13/6
2 vols., clolli.
•HOSbh ELD'S English-Dutch and Dutch-English Diction-
ary- l^:mo.,clot}i Net 3/0
•KRAMER (J.L Pocket Dictionary of the English-Dutch and
Dutch-English Langua-e. 16mo. Cloth Net 4/6
QUANJER (Th. a.). English-Dutch and Dutch-English
Pocket Dictionary. 3-2mo., cloth Net 1/6

ENGLISH.
ANNANDALE'S Concise English Dictionary, Literary,
(C.)
Scientitic, Etymological aud Pronouncing. F'cap 4to., cloth ... 3/6
BARWICK (G. F.), b.a. and TRUELOVE (E.H.) Pocket Pro-
nouncing Dictionary oi the English Language, wiili copious
Appendices. (" The E. P.O. I'ocket Series.") 32mo., cloth Net 1/0

BLACKIE'S Standard Shilling Dictionary, with numerous

Appendices. Moneys of the World, Weights and Measures, &c.
Crown 8vo., cloth Net 1/4

CASSELL'S English Dictionary, containing upwards of 100,000

Words and Phrases. Crown 8vo., cloth Net 4/0
CHAMBERS' Etymological Dictionary of the English Lan-
guage. Pronouncing, Explanatory. Crown 8vo., 694 payes.
cloth Net 1/3
20th Century Dictionary. Pronouncing, Explanatory,
Etymological. Wiih illustrations, 1,200 pages. Demy 8vo., cloth 3/6
J-bound Net 5/0
English Dictionary (Large Type). 1,302 pages. Imp.
8vo., cloth Net 12/6
J-Morocco Net 18/0
COLLINS* "Graphic" English Dictionary. 1,302 pages, cloth
extra Net 3/6
" Home " Largest type 1/- net
English Dictionary.
Dictionary in the World. 40,000words. Crown 8vo., 720 pages Net 1/3
"Gem" Pocket Pronouncing Dictionary. Size 2^ x 4^.
608 pages. Long grain roan, red edges, round corners ... Net 1/0
DAWSON (A. H.) Dictionary of English Slai g and Col
loquialisms. Net 1/0
32mo.,llhr. (Miniature Keference Library)
NUTTALL'S Standard Dictionary of the English Language,
Revised by Rev. J. WOOD. 100,000 references, with Pronuncia-
tion. Large Crown 8vo., cloth ... ... ••• 3/6

•OGILVIE LL.D. Student's English Dictionary. Illustrated,

(J.),
with Appendices. Lg. F'cap 4to. Cloth, Net, 6/0, Roxburgh,
10/6 Net, li-Morocco Net 12/6

E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., 51, Old Bailey, London, E.G.

26 SELECTED DICTIONARIES.

PITMAN'S Pocket Dictionary of the English Language. A

guide to the spelling aud meaning of words for ready reference;
list of abbreviations, lloyal 32mo., cloth ... ... ... Net 1/0
Shorthand Dictionary. Centenary Edition. Containing
shorthand f rms, fully vocalized, for 62,000 words, including
Proper Names, and comprising complete lists of the Gramma-
logues aud Contracted words in the system. Crown 8vo., ;-372
pages, cloth ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3/6
• Roan 4/6
Pocket edition, with list of Grammalogues and Contrac-
tions. 32mo., cloth ... ... ... ... ... ... 1/0
Roan 2/0
...
•
English and Shorthand Dictionary. Cr. 8vo. abt. 800 p. 6/0

ESPERANTO.
EDINBURGH, The, Esperanto Pocket Dictionary.
Espeianto-Enghsh and LngLsh-Esperanto. Jloval lilmo.,
cioLh ... Net 1/0 "

O'CONNOR C), M. A. &

(J. HAYES (C. P.).
English-Esperanto
Dictionary. F'cap 8vo, sewed... ... ... ... Net 1/6
MILLlDGE (E. A.), p.b.e.a. Esperanto-English Dictionary.
Crown 8vo, cloth Net 5/0
MOTTEAU (A.). Esperanto-English Dictionary. F'cap 8vo.
sewed ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Net 1/6
•RHODES (J). English-Esperanto Dictionary. Cr. 8vo, cl. Net 5/0
FANTI.
•DEl.ANEY RUSSELL (Rev J.). Fanti-English & English-
Fanii Dictionary. Demy 8vo., cloth ... ... ... Net 5/0

FINNISH.
•NIELSON .'<: LUNDBECK. English-Finnish and Finnish-
English Dictionary. 1 »einy 8vo clocii
, ... ... ... Net 3/0
*REKONe:N (A.) Englisa-Fmnish and Fmnish-Eng-ish
Lictionary. 16m >., l<;ather Net 6/6

FRENCH.
BELLOWS W.).
(J. French English and English-French
&
Dictionary, 8vo., 689 pp., clo h Net 5/0
•BELLO -V'S English-French & French-English. 32mo., roan
k'ather, with fl,p 9/0
CASSELL'S New French-English— English-French Diction-
ary. Itevibcd and Enlarged by J. BOIELLE and de V.
PAYEN-PAYNE. Crown 8vo. cloth Net 4/0
Do. do., half-leatlier Net 5/0
Miniature Eng. is a -French Dictionary. By F.F. BO V ET.
32mo. cloth ... Net 7d.

E. MARLBOROUGH & Go., 51, Old Bailey, London, E.G.

 SELEOTLD DICTIONARIES. 27

CASSEL'S Miniature French-English. Clolh Net 7d.

French-English and Enghsh- French. 3'2ino., cloth Net 1/3
CASSELL'S Pocket French-English and English-French. Bv
De V. PAYEN-PAVNE. (Jloth Net 1/6
•CLIFTON and GRIMAUX. English-French and French-
English Dictionary, with the pronunciation. Royal 8vo., 2,200
pages. Two vols. Half-morocco ... ... ... ... Net 28/0
•EDGREN (H and BURNET (P. B.). French and English
)

Word Book. A Dictionaiy with Indication of Pronunciation,

Etymologies, &c, Demy 8vo., cloth ... ... ... ... ...10/0
•ELWALL. English-French and French-English Dictionary,
with numerous Technical Terms. Demy 8vo. Two vols. CI. Net 12/0
FELLER (F. E.) English-French and French-English, one vol.,
cloth 2/6
•GASC (F. French and English Dictionary. Fifteen
E. A.).
Thousand Words. Fourteenth Edition. Large 8vo., cloth ...12/6
GASC (F. E. A.). Concise French Dictionary of the French and
English Languages. IMedium 16mo., cloth ... ... Net 3/6
JASCHKE (R.). English-French Conversational Dictionary.
32mo., cloth Net 2/6
•LATHAM (E French-English and English-French Pocket
)

Pronuncing Dictionary. Paste Grain ](Jmo., ... .. Net 1/0

MENDEL (.4.), and BARWICK (G. F.). French-English and
English-French Pronouncing Dictionary ("The E. P. G.
Pocket Series "). 32mo., cl. ... ... ... ... ... Net 1/6
NUGENT'S French-English and English-French Dittionaiy.
Revised by J. Duhamel. Pott 8vo., cloth, gilt edges ... N- t 2/6
French- h-nglish. Cloth Net 1/0
English-French, Cloth Net 1/0
•PASSY (P.) and HEMPL (O.) International French- English
and Eng ish-Krench Dictionary. Crn. 4to., 1,:!00 pages. .Net 7/6
ROUTLEDGE'S French-English and English-French P-o-
nuncing Dictionary. Crown 8vo., cloth ... ... Net I/O
STANDRING (J. A.), and THIMM (C. A.). French Technical
Words and Phrases an English-French and French
;

English Dictionary of Technical Terms and Phrases Used in

Commerce, Arts, Sciences, Professions and Trades. With an
Appendix of Tables of Money, Weights and ]\Ieasures (^Metric
System). Second Edition. 16mo., red cloth ... ... Net 2/6
SURENNE (Gabriel, P.A.S.E.). Pronouncing D'Ctionary of the
French-English and English-French Languages. Crown
8vo., cloth Net 3/6
WESSELY'S French-English and Eng'ish-French Pocket
Dictionary. Revised by I'olhausen (L.) and Payn (G.). 16mo.,
cloth Net 2/0
WOOD (A. F.). English-French Pocket Dictionary (The Globe).
Crown :-^2mo.,910 pp.. cloth Net 2/6
Do. Leather Net 3/6

E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., 51, Old Bailey, London. E.G.

2b SELECTED DICTIONARIES.

GERMAN.
BARWICK (G. F.) and CLOSE (J. B.). German-English and
English-German Dictionary. ("TheE.F. G. Pocket Series.")
32mo., cloth Net 1/6
BELLOWS (Max). German-English and English-German
Dictionary, with pronunciation. 8vo, cloth ... ... Net 6/0
JASCHKE (li). English-German Conversation Dictionary,
with German and English Vocabulary. 32mo., cloth Net 2/6
THIMM and KNOBLAUCH (W. von). German Tech-
(C. A.)
nical Words and Phrases. An English-German and German-
English Dictionary. Terms and Phrases used in Commerce, Arts,
Sciences, Professions and Trades. Appendix of Tables of JMoney,
Weights and Measures. Second Edition. 16mo., red cloth ... Net 2/6
•WEIR (Elizabeth). German-English and English-German
Dictionary. Crown 8vo., cloth .. ... ... 4/0
* Do. do. half-morocco ... ... Net 5/0 ... ...

WESSELV'S EngUsh-German and German-English Pocket

Dictionary. Revised by Stoffel(C.)and Payn(G.).16mo.,clothNet 2/0

GREEK.
•"ATLANTIS" Modern Greek-English and English-Modern
Greek Dictionary. Two vols. ... ... ... Each Net 6/0
•JANN ARIS Concise Dictionary of the English-
(Prof. A. N.).
Modern Greek Language. Crown 8vo., cloth. ... ... ...10/6
KYi lAKIDES (A.). Modern Greek-Enghsh Dictionary, with
a Cypriote vocabulary (Greek and Roman Characters).
Medium 8vo Net 13/0
• Modern Greek- English and English - Modern Greek
Pocket Dictionary (in Greek and Roman characters) in Two
vols. Cloth Each vol. Net 7/0

HINDUSTANI.
•FORBES (Duncan), ll.d. Hindustani-English Dictionary, in
the Persian characters, with the Hindi words iq Nagarialso; and
an English-Hindustani Dictionary, in Roman characters. In
one volume. Royal 8vo., cloth 42/0
* Hindustani-English and English-Hindustani Diction-
ary, in Roman characters. Royal 8vo., cloth ... ... ... 36/0
•FORBES (Duncan), ll.d. Smaller Dictionary, Hindiistani and
English, in the Roman characters. Small 4to., cloth ... ... 12/0

•RANKING (Lieut. -Col., G. S. A.), b.a., m.d., i.m.s. Concise

English-Hindiistani Dictionary. Demy 8vo., cloth ... Net 10/6
•STUDENT'S Practical Urdu Dictionary. 2vols.,8vo., cloth, each
Hindustani-English. Vol.11. English-Hindustani. Net 7/6
Vol.1.
•SANGAJI (S.). Handy Urdu-Eng ish Dictionary. All Hin-
dustani words are printed in Arabic and Roman Characters.
Demy 8vo., cloth Net 17/6

£. MARLBOROUGH & Co., 01, Old Bailey, London, E.C.

 SELECTED DICTIONARIES. 29

HUNGARIAN.
•BIZONTY'S English-Hungarian and Hungarian-English
Dictionary. 2 vols. Crown 8vo., paper covers ... ... Net. 16/0

ITALIAN.
BARWICK (G. F.) and STOKES (E.). English-Italian and
Italian-English Dictionary. ("The E. P. G. Pocket Series.")
32mo., cloth Net 1/6
BEkMINGHAM (A. de) English-Italian and Italian-English
Dictionaiy. Clolb Net 6/0
•EDGHEN (H.). Italian and English Dictionary, with pro-
nunciation. Royal 8vo., cloth... ... ... ... ... ...15/0

JASCHKE (R). English-Italian Conversation Dictionary.

with an Italian-English Vocabulary. 32mo., cloth ... Net 2/6
'MELZI (B.). Italian -English and English-Italian Dictionary.
Crown 8vo., cloth Net 6/0
WESSELV'S English-Italian and Italian-English Dictionary.
Revised by Rigutina (G.) and Payn (G.). 16mo., cloth ... Net 2/0

JAPANESE.
EASTLAKE and others.
(F. W.), New Anglo-Japanese
Lexicon, with an Appendix. .32mo, cloth ... ... ... 2/6
and Tanahashi (I.).
, Bungakushi Pocket Anglo-
Japanese Dictionary ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2/0
•HEPBURN (J. C). Japanese-English and English-Japanese
Pocket Diet onary. Abridged Cloth, IGmo 9/0
Japanese-English and English-Japanese Dictionary.
Royal 8 vo., half-bound 30/0
•STRONG (Lieut. G. V.). Japanese-English Dictionary for
Military Translators. Medium Bvo, half-bound ... Net 16/0

KAFFIR.
DAVIS (W. J.). English-Kaffir Dictionary. Principally of the
Xosa-Kaffir. Also includes many words of the Zulu-Kaffir
dialect. Size6^x5|. Cloth Net 7/6

LATIN.
MACFARLANE Latin-English and English-Latin Dic-
(J.).
tionary. ("The E.F.G.S. Series.") 32mo., cloth Net 2/0
CHAMBERS' Latin Dictionary. Latin-English— English-Latin
816 pp Net 2/0
•SMITH (Sir W.). Complete Latin-English Dictionary.
Med. Bvo , Net 16/0
Smaller Latin-English Dictionary. 12mo. ... Net 7/6

E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., 51, Old Bailey, London, E.G.

30 SELECTED DICTIONARIES.

NORWEGIAN (see Danish).

PERSIAN.
'PALMER (E. H.). English-Persian Dictionary. Ryl. 16mo. 10/6
'
andLE STRANGE (G.) Persian-English. Royal 16mo. 10/6
'STEINGASS (Dr. F.). Comprehensive Persian-English
Dictionary. Iiiipl. 8vo Net 63,0
'WOLLASTON (A N.). Complete English-Persian Diction-
ary. Coiupiled from Original Sources. Demy 8vo. ... Net £1 Is.

POLISH.
'CHODZKO Polish-English and English-Polish Dic-
(A.).
tionary Two vols, in one. 8vo., sewed Net 17/6

PORTUGUESE.
LA FAYETTE (Castiio di:). Portuguese-English English-
Portuguese Dictionary, with the prouuuciation of b'~'th
languages. 16mo., cloth ... ... ... ... ... Net 6/0
•VALDEZ Portuguese-English and English-Por'u-
(J. F.).
giiese Pronouncing Dictionary. Two vols. 12mo., cloth Net 12/0
•VIEYRA (A). Portuguese-English and English-Portuguese
Pocket Dictionary. Two vols. ISmo., imitation calf ... Net 10/0

RUSSIAN.
•ALEXANDROW (A.). A Complete English and Russian
Dictionarv. Two vols. Iloyal 8vo., sewn. (English-Russinn.)
(Russian-English.) Each Net 30/0
•— Do., Half-bound Leather Net 45/0
• — Russian Dictionary. English-Russian. (Vol. onlv )

Cloth Net 12/6

*FREESE (J. H.) Russian-English Dictionary. Square crn.
8vo., 1 vol. Net 5/0
GOLOVINSKi. Russian-English and English-Russian Dic-
tionary. One vol. ... ... ... ... ... ... Net 15/0
•JOHANSON'S English-Russian Dictionary Net 3/6
Russian-Entjlish Do Net 3/6

SANSCRIT (Sanskrit).
'HAUGHTON Sanscrit and Bengali Dictionary, ia
(G. C).
Bengali characters, with Index, serving as a reversed Dictionary.
410., cloth Net 30/0

E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., 51, Old Bailey, London, E.G.

 SELECTED DICTIONARIES. 31

SPANISH.
•CUYAS Spanish Dictionary (New and revised Edition
(A.).
of Velasquez's) Spanish- English and English-Spanish.
Containing Modern and accepted Words, Idioms and Technical
Terms. Extra cm. 8vo., half leather Net 11/6
Thumb Index Edition Net 13/6

HOSSFELD'S (New Edition) Spanish-English— English-Span-

ish Dictionary. 16mo., cloth ... ... ... ... Net 2/6

•JASCHKE (R.). English-Spanish Conversation Dictionary,

with a Spanish-English Vocabulary. .32mD., cloth ... Net 2/6

SPANISH-ENGLISH AND ENGLISH-SPANISH DIC-

TIONARY. (" The E. E.G. Pocket Series.") 32mo., cloth Net 2/0

•VELASQUEZ'S Spanish Dictionary. Spanish and English

Language with Pronunciation. Revised and enlarged by
Gray (E.) and Iribas (J. L.).
Spanish-English Vol. I. Impl. 8vo., leather ... Net 13/0
English-Spanish Vol. II. Impl. 8vo., leather ... Net i5/0

WESSELV'S English-Spanish and Spanish-English Dic-

tionary. Revised by Tolhausen (L.) and Payn (G.). 16mo.,
cloth Net 2/0

SUAHILI (Swahili).
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