GENERAL PATHOLOGY
Brought to you by Dr. R.Ahmed DentalCollege TMCP Unit
A. PATHOLOGY OF CELLS:
1. Morphology of Cell Injury:
Short Note:
Apoptosis (2009,12,13, 14) Necrosis (2007)
Dystrophic Calcification Dry gangrene (2003)
(2008,10,13, 14,15)
Coagulative Necrosis (2011,14) Caseous Necrosis (2003)
Dry gangrene vs. Wet Gangrene (IA) Necrosis vs. Apoptosis (2008,09)
Metastatic vs. Dystrophic Calcification Pathologic Calcification (2022)
(2005,06)
Long Questions:
Define Necrosis. Differentiate Necrosis and Apoptosis. Enumerate different types of Necrosis
with example. [2+4+4] (2011,12, 15,19,22)
2. Genetic diseases and cellular accumulation:
Short Notes:
Fatty changes (2011,12) Down Syndrome (2007,22)
Turner's Syndrome (2007,22) Klinefelter's Syndrome (2017)
Autoimmunity (2014,20)
Long Questions:
What is Amyloidosis? Classify it. Define Amyloid. Mention its Pathogenesis and staining
characteristics. [1+2+1+3+3] (2005,07,11)
B. INFLAMMATION:
1. Acute Inflammation:
Short Questions:
Type IHypersensitivity (2015,17) Phagocytosis (2010,11)
Mediators of Acute Inflammation Histological feature of inflammation (|A)
(2013,14)
Complement (2010,11) Cellular event in inflammation (1A)
Giant Cell (2009,12,22)
Long Questions:
RADC TMCP Unit
Sub: General Pathology by Dr. 2
with example.
different types of Acute inflammation
Define Inflammation, Enumerate (2016,22)
Differentiate transudate and exudates. [2+4+4] sweeling at the site of
A12 year old girl pierced her nose
and developed redness and painand
the feature. (2020)
prick.What would be the pathology and explain labeled
of Giant Cell with example. Draw a
Describe Giant cell. Enumerate different types
diagram. (2+4+4] (2006)
outcome of inflammation. (2 +4+4] (2010)
Define Inflammation. Describe the vascular events and inflammation. (2007)
Describe the pathogenesis of formation of inflammatory exudates in acute
2. Granulomatous Inflammation:
Short Notes:
Granuloma (2006,11,13,15,18,19,22) Ghon's Complex (IA)
Types of Granuloma (2007) Tuberculosis of Lymphnode (2008,10)
Tubercle (2012,14)
Long Questions:
Define Granuloma. Describe mechanism of formation of Granuloma with example. (2005)
$ Write pathogenesis of tubercle with a labeled diagram. (|A)
3. Wound Healing:
Short Notes:
Keloid (2003) Granulation tissue (2011)
Fate of granuloma (IA) Mechanism of wound healing (1A)
Long Questions:
What is wound contraction. Write importance and factors of wound healing. (2007)
A
15 year old boy has a broken mandible. Describe the steps of healing of the fractured site.
[6+4]
(2008)
Describe the mechanism of wound healing in an 18 year old girl who underwent
surgery for
appendicitis. Enumerate factors affecting and complications of wound healing. [6+2+2] (2022)
C. FLUID AND HEMODYNAMICDISORDERS:
1. Dearrangement of body fluids and electrolytes:
Short Notes:
Renal edema (2014) Transudate (2012,20)
Transudate vs. Exudate
(2005,06,08,09,22)
Long Questions:
Define edema. Classifyedema with example and outline the pathophysiology of development of
one of them. (2007)
Describe pathogenesis of Edema. How do Edema resolve? (2005)
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Sub: General Pathology by Dr. RADC TMCP Unit
2. Circulatory Dearrangement and Ischemia:
Short Notes:
Hypovolemic Shock (2003,06,12,17, 19) Endotoxic Shock (lA)
Septic Shock (2010,15, 18,20)
Infraction (2010)
Embolism (2003,09,12, 14, 16, 17,19) Pathogenesis of thrombus formation in
vein (2005)
Post mortem clot vs. Thrombus (2005,06)
DVT (2003)
Thrombus vs Clot (2009,14)
Thromboembolism (2007)
Emboli(2010)
Phlebo-thrombosis (2011)
Thrombosis (2013)
Ischemic Necrosis (IA)
Long Questions:
Define shock. Describe pathophysiology of Hemorrhagic Shock. (2009)
Describe shock following tooth extraction. Write mechanism of shock.
[5+5) (2005)
Define Shock. Outline the pathogenesis of Septic Shock. [2+8]
(2013,22)
Define thrombosis. Differentiate thrombosis and embolism. What is
Virchow's Triad? (2+5+3] (|A)
D. GROWTH DISORDER AND NEOPLASIA:
1. Cellular Adaptation:
Short Notes:
Metaplasia (2006,11,13,22) Atrophy (2012)
Hypertrophy (2010,15) Dysplasia (2009)
Hyperplasia (2008) Hyperplasia vs. Hypertrophy (2005)
Difference between Hypoplasia and Hyperplasia vs. Neoplasia (2014)
atrophy (2009)
2. Neoplasia:
Short Notes:
Metaplasia and Neoplasia (2016) Metastasis (2009,14,18)
Benign vs. malignant tumor (2008,22) Types of tumor (2005)
Chemotaxis (2022) Carcinoma vs. Sarcoma (2008)
Basal Cell carcinoma (2013) SquamousCell Carcinoma (2014)
Long Questions:
Define Neoplasia. How does Benign tumor differ from malignant tumor. Give two examples of
each. (2+4+4] (2018)
of the tongue and
3 A52 year old male presented with a fungating growth on the left lateral border
define provisional
enlarged hard palpable lymph nodes in left anterior triangle of the neck,
diagnosis, investigation and microscopic picture. [2+4+4] (2017)
hematogenous spread. Describe
Define Neoplasia. Describe routes of Metastasis and explain
microscopic features of malignant cell. [2+4+4] (2013)
Describe lymphatic metastasis. (2010)
Define and enumerate routes of Metastasis.
malignant neoplasm, What is Paraneoplastic
Define Neoplasm. Define characteristics of a
Syndrome. [2+6+2] (2014) Cell Carcinoma
few Pre Neoplastic conditions. Mention histopathological features of Basal
Name a
(2006)
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A 56 year old male with habit of chewing tobacco leaves presented with a painless non healing
ulcer at the right lateral margin of tongue. What is provisional diagnosis. Mention its pathogenesis
and blood picture. (2+4+4] (2015)
E, BLOOD AND LYMPHORETICULAR DISORDERS:
1. Diseases of W.B.C. and R.B.C:
Short Notes:
PCV (2018)
Hemolytic Anemia (2003)
Megaloblastic Anemia (2006,18,22) Bone marrow findings of Megaloblastic
anemia (2005,07,18,22)
Iron deficiency Anemia (2006) Causes of Hemolytic Anemia (2007)
Blood Picture of Beta thalassemia major Leukaemoid Reaction (2008,11,13,18, 19)
(2003,04)
Leucocytosis (2009,10) Leukopenia (2007,11)
Eosinophilia (2011) Relative Lymphocytosis (2003)
Lymphocyte (2010) Blood Picture of CLL (IA)
Blood Picture of ALL (2012) Leukaemoid reaction vs. CML (IA)
Blood Picture of CML (2003,05,08) Morphology of eosinophil (2003)
Blood Picture of AML (2007) Chronic Leukemia (IA)
Long Questions:
A35 year old man presented with a bleeding gum, enumerate the causes of the condition,write
down the investigations. [2+4+4] (2019)
A7 year old boy presented witha bleeding gumand petechial spots all over the body, he had a
history of upper respiratory tract infection 15 days back. Write provisional diagnosis and
investigation. [2+8] (2018)
A7 year old boy presented with ableeding gum and lymphadenoptahy, peripheral blood smear
shows abnormal leucocytosis. Write provisional diagnosis, investigation and prognosis of the
disease. (2+6+2] (2016)
What is Leukemia? How does it differ from Leukemoid reaction? Drawa peripheral blood picture
of Myeloid Leukaemia. [2+4+4] (2014)
2. Bleeding Diathesis and Lymphoreticular disorders:
Short Notes:
BT and CT (2005,13) DIC (2013)
PT (2003, 11,12, 19) Hemophilia (2011,15)
Thrombocytopenia (2020) Diseases with prolonged CT (2003)
Complication of Blood Tranfushion (IA) Principles and importance of reverse
grouping (IA)
Hemolytic disease of newborn (2005) Why Rh incompatibility more significant
than ABO (|A)
Plasma Cell (|A) Hodgkin's Lymphoma (IA)
Long Questions:
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Sub: General Pathology by Dr. RADC TMCP Unit
What is Plasma Cell, name one neoplastic
condition associated with it. what investigations would
you perform. (|A)
F. SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY:
1.
Diseases of CVS:
Short Notes:
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis (2003.09)
Complication of Atheromatous Plaque (2005)
Risk factor of Atherosclerosis (2006)
2. Diseases of OralCavity and Salivary Gland:
Short Notes:
Ameloblastoma (2016) Pleomorphic Adenoma (2007,10,11)
Epulis (2009) Leukoplakia (2013,16)
3. Liver Disorders:
Short Notes:
Urinary findings of different types of Jaundice (2005)
Conjugated vs. unconjugated Bilirubin (A)
4. Diabetes Mellitus:
Short Notes:
Complication of DM (2012,14,17,20) Bence Jone Protein (2008)
Nephrotic Syndrome (2003) Hematuria (2007,13)
Glycosuria (2008,10) Rothera Test (2011)
Ketone Body (2010) Proteinuria (2001,11,14, 17,19)
5. Diseases of Bone, joint, Cartilage:
Short Notes:
Fibrous Dysplasia (2008,14) Sequestrum (2009)
Indicationof bone marrow aspiration, Sites of bone marrow aspiration (2009)
(2008)
Osteomyleitis (2011) Osteosarcoma (2010,14,15,20)
G. MISCELLANEOUS:
Short Notes:
Chemical sterilizing agent (2016) ESR (2009,12, 16,22)
Hb estimation (2005,10,11) PCR (2012)
WBC pipette (2008)
Wintrobe's tube (IA)
Causes of high ESR (2005)
Routine staining of blood film (2005)
Anticoagulants used for ESR estimation (IA)
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