Chapter 6 The Periodic Table
Class practice
A6.1 (p.6-5)
(a) Period 4, Group VII
(b) Halogens
(c) Bromine
A6.2 (p.6-10)
1. (a) 2,8,8,2
(b) Yes, because it is a metal.
(c) 12R
2. (a)
(b) X has two occupied electron shells and Y has three occupied electron shells.
3 11
(c) Yes, this is because they have the same number of outermost shell electrons.
A6.3 (p.6-19)
(a) (i) They both have one (the same number of) outermost shell electron.
(ii) Lithium atom has two occupied electron shells while sodium atom has three / they have different
numbers of occupied electron shells.
(b) Both of them are soft metals. They can be cut with a knife.
Both of them have low densities.
(c) The reactivity of Group II elements increases down the group.
(d) Potassium. Group I elements are generally more reactive than Group II elements. Moreover, the
reactivity of Group I elements increases down the group.
(e) Both of them react readily with dilute hydrochloric acid to form hydrogen.
(f) Fluorine. The reactivity of Group VII elements decreases down the group.
(g) This is because Group 0 elements have a stable electronic structure/a duplet or an octet of electrons.
A6.4 (p.6-20)
(a) 2
(b) They have the same number of outermost shell electrons in their atoms.
(c) The reactivity of Group II elements increases down the group.
(d) (i) Beryllium has no reaction with cold water.
(ii) Barium reacts vigorously with cold water.
(e) Hydrogen
(f) Barium is more reactive than strontium. It should be stored under paraffin oil.
Think about
Think about (p.6-2)
1. They are classified in categories according to their uses.
2. It would be very difficult for customers to find what they want in a short period of time.
3. Yes. Elements with similar chemical properties are arranged in the same group in the Periodic Table.
Chapter exercise (p.6-25)
1. atomic number
2. period; group
3. metals; semi-metals; non-metals
4. electrons; outermost
5. alkali; one; increases
6. alkaline earth; two; increases
7. seven; halogens; decreases
8. eight; noble gases
9. octet rule
10. (a)
Electronic Period
Element Atomic Number Group number
arrangement number
P 5 2,3 2 III
Q 8 2,6 2 VI
R 10 2,8 2 0
S 11 2,8,1 3 I
T 14 2,8,4 3 IV
U 20 2,8,8,2 4 II
(b) Metals: S, U
Non-metals: Q, R
Semi-metals: P,T
(c) R
11. B
Refer to p.3 of chapter 6 for details.
12. B
The electronic arrangement of W is 2,5 and that of Y is 2,8,5.
13. C
The electronic arrangement of R is 2,8,1 and that of S is 2,8,8. They have the same number of occupied
electron shells in their atoms.
14. A
Elements of the same period have the same number of occupied electron shells in their atoms.
15. C
The electronic arrangement of calcium is 2,8,8,2. Calcium has the same number of outermost shell
electrons as element X.
16. C
Helium atom has two electrons in the outermost shell.
17. C
Helium, instead of argon, is used to fill balloons and airships.
18. B
(1): Cl2(g), Br2(l) and I2(s) belong to the same group, but they have different physical states.
(3): The reactivity of Group VII elements decreases down the group.
19. C
Potassium is more reactive than lithium. Fluorine is more reactive than bromine.
20. (a) Non-metal
(b) 2,8,5
(c) 5
(d) Group V, Period 3
21. (a) r = 18; s = 4
(b) 50
(c) Period 5
(d) Any TWO:
‒ It is a shiny solid at room temperature and pressure.
‒ It is hard and strong.
‒ It is malleable and ductile.
‒ It is a conductor of heat and electricity.
(Accept other reasonable answers.)
22. (a) Magnesium, silicon and chlorine. They are in Period 3.
(b) Chlorine, bromine and iodine. They are in Group VII.
(c) Magnesium and helium
(d) Oxygen, chlorine and helium
(e) Rubidium
(f) Iron and copper
(g) Helium
(h) Bromine and iodine
23. (a) Group 0
(b) Noble gases
(c) (i) 2
(ii) 8
(d) Xenon is a gas under room conditions.
(e) Xenon is unreactive. This is because it has a stable electronic structure/has an octet of
electrons/has 8 electrons in the outermost shell.
(f) The balloon falls to the ground because xenon is denser than air.
24. (a) 7
(b) Halogens
(c) The colours of elements become darkened down the group. They change from greenish yellow gas
(chlorine) to dark red liquid (bromine) and then black solid (iodine).
(d) (i) Black solid
(ii) There is no reaction between iodine and hydrogen. The reactivity of Group VII elements
decreases down the group. Hence astatine should have no reaction with hydrogen.
