KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 3 – JULY 2022

MARKING SCHEME

Qn. Content Marks

2
1(a) (i) If f(z) = z + 3z − 2 and w = u + jv
W = (x + jy)2 + 3(x + jy) − 2 = (x + jy)(x + jy) + 3x + j3y − 2
W = u + jv = x 2 + j2xy − y 2 + 3x + j3y − 2 = (x 2 + 3x − y 2 − 2) + j(2xy + 3y)
u = (x 2 + 3x − y 2 − 2); v = (2xy + 3y)
∂u ∂ ∂v ∂
(ii) = (x 2 + 3x − y 2 − 2) = 2x + 3; = (2xy + 3y) = 2x + 3;
∂x ∂x ∂y ∂y
∂u ∂v
Thus; = = 2x + 3;
∂x ∂y
∂u ∂ ∂v ∂
= (x 2 + 3x − y 2 − 2) = −2y; − =− (2xy + 3y) = −2y;
∂y ∂y ∂x ∂x
∂u ∂v
Thus; =− = −2y;
∂y ∂x

Hence satisfy Cauchy Reimann’s Equations.

1(b) Z − j3
W=
Z + j2
W(Z + j2) = Z − j3
WZ + j2W = Z − j3 ⇒ (WZ − Z) = −j(2W + 3)
−j(2W+3)
Z(W − 1) = −j(2W + 3) ⇒Z= (W−1)

But W = u + jv;
−j[2(u+jv)+3] −j[2u+j2v+3] 2v−j(2u+3)
Therefore; Z= [(u+jv)−1]
= (u−1)+jv
= (u−1)+jv

√4V2 +(2u+3)2
|Z| = But; |Z| = 3
√(u−1)2 +v2

4V2 +(2u+3)2
9= (u−1)2 +v2
⇒ 9[(u − 1)2 + v 2 ] = 4V 2 + (2u + 3)2

9(u2 + v 2 − 2u + 1) = 4u2 + 4v 2 + 12u + 9

5u2 + 5v 2 − 30u = 0
u2 − 6u + v 2 = 0
(u − 3)2 + v 2 = 32
Thus; Centre = (3,0) Radius = 3
Qn. Content Marks
t
2(a) (i) Given f(t) = + 1 0<t<π
π

When t=0 f(0) = 1, when t=π f(π) = 2

Thus;

(ii) f(t) = ∑∞
n=0(bn sin nt)
2 π
Thus; bn = ∫0 f(t) sin nt dt
π
2 π t
= ∫0 ( + 1) sin nt dt
π π

Integrating by parts;
t
Let; u = ( + 1) dv = sin nt
π

Thus;

2 1 t 1 2
bn = [− ( + 1) cos nt|π0 + sin nt|π0 ] = − [2 cos nπ − 1]
π n π n2 π nπ
2 6
=− [2(−1)n − 1] = n − odd
nπ nπ
 2
=− n − even
nπ
6 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
Thus; f(t) = { sin t + sin 3t + sin 5 t + … … … } − { sin 2t + sin 4t + sin 6t + … … … }
π 1 3 5 π 2 4 6

2(b)
(i) When t = −π g(t) = 0 when t=0 g(t) = π
∆g(t) π−0 g(t)−π
Thus; m1 = = =1 Also; 1=
∆t 0+π t−0

g(t) − π = t ⇒ g(t) = t + π −π<t<0

When t=0 g(t) = 0 when t=π g(t) = π
∆g(t) π−0 g(t)−π
Thus; m2 = = = 1 Also; 1=
∆t π−0 t−π

g(t) − π = t − π ⇒ g(t) = t 0<t<π

t+π −π < t < 0
Thus; g(t) { t 0<t<π
g(t + 2π) ⬚
a0
(ii) g(t) = + ∑∞
0 (a n cos nt + bn sin nt)
2
1 π 1 0 π
a 0 = ∫−π g(t) dt = {∫−π(t + π)dt + ∫0 tdt}
π π
0 π
1 t2 t2 1 π2 π2
= {[ + πt] + [ ] } = {[0 − ( − π2 )] + [ ]}
π 2 −π 2 0 π 2 2

1 π2 π2
= {π2 − + }
π 2 2

=π
1 π 1 0 π
an = ∫ g(t) cos nt dt = {∫ (t + π) cos nt dt + ∫ t cos nt dt} −
π −π π −π 0

Integrating by parts;
Let u1 = t + π; u2 = t and dv = cos nt
Thus;

0 0 π π
1 1 1 t 1
an = { (t + π) sin nt| + 2 cos nt| + sin nt| + 2 cos n t| }
π n −π n −π n 0 n 0

1 1
= 2
{2 cos nπ − 1} = 2 {2(−1)n − 1}
n π n π
−3
an = 2 n − odd
n π
1
= 2 n − even
n
Now;
1 π 1 0 π
bn = ∫ g(t) sin nt dt = {∫ (t + π) sin nt dt + ∫ t sin nt dt}
π −π π −π 0
Integrating by parts;
Let u1 = t + π; u2 = t and dv = sin nt

Thus;
0 0 π π
1 1 1 t 1
bn = {− (t + π) cos nt| + 2 sin nt| − cos nt| + 2 sin nt| }
π n −π n −π n 0 n 0

0 π
1 1 t 1 1
= − { (t + π) cos nt| + cos nt| } = − {π + π cos nπ} = − {1 + (−1)n }
π n −π n 0 nπ n
2
=− n − even
n
Hence;
π 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
g(t) = − { cos t + 2 cos 3t + 2 cos 5t … … } + 2 cos 2t + 2 cos 4t + 2 cos 6t … …
2 π 12 3 5 2 4 6
1 1 1
− 2 { sin 2t + sin 4t + sin 6t … … }
2 4 6
Qn. Content Marks
3(a) (i) Let f(xn ) = xn3 + 4xn − 16 f ′ (x
n) = 3xn2 +4
f(xn ) x3
n +4xn −16 xn (3x2 3
n +4)−(xn +4xn −16)
Now; xn+1 = xn − = xn − =
f′(xn ) 3x2
n +4
2
(3xn +4)

2xn3 + 16
xn+1 =
3xn2 + 4
(ii) Let x0 = 1 ∙ 5
Thus;
2(1 ∙ 5)3 + 16
x1 = = 2 ∙ 116279
3(1 ∙ 5)2 + 4
2(2 ∙ 116279)3 + 16
x2 = = 2 ∙ 004833
3(116279)2 + 4
2(2 ∙ 004833)3 + 16
x3 = = 2 ∙ 000009
3(2 ∙ 004833)2 + 4
2(2 ∙ 000009)3 + 16
x4 = = 2 ∙ 000000
3(2 ∙ 000009)2 + 4
2(2)3 + 16
x5 = = 2 ∙ 000000
3(2)2 + 4
Thus, the approximate root of the polynomial is 2.000000 correct to 6 dps.

3(b)

n(n − 1) 2 n(n − 1)(n − 2) 3

yn = y0 + n∆y0 + ∆ y0 + ∆ y0 + ⋯
2! 3!
(x − x0 )
n= but x0 = 1 and h= 0∙3
h
Thus;
x−1 10 10x−10 10x−13 10x−16
n= = (x − 1); (n − 1) = −1 =( ) and (n − 2) = ( )
0∙3 3 3 3 3

Hence;
10 1 10 10x−13 1 10 10x−13 10x−16
f(x) = 4 + (x − 1)(2 ∙ 187) + ∙ (x − 1) ( ) (0 ∙ 882) + ∙ (x − 1) ( )( ) (0 ∙
3 2! 3 3 3! 3 3 3

483) + ⋯
= 4 + 7 ∙ 29x − 7 ∙ 29 + 0 ∙ 49(x − 1)(10x − 13) + 0 ∙ 03(x − 1)(10x − 13)(10x − 16) + ⋯
= 4 + 7 ∙ 29x − 7 ∙ 29 + 0 ∙ 49(10x 2 − 23x + 13) + 0 ∙ 03(x − 1)(100x 2 − 290x + 208) + ⋯
= −3 ∙ 29 + 7 ∙ 29x + 4 ∙ 9x 2 − 11 ∙ 27x + 6 ∙ 37 + 0 ∙ 03(100x 3 − 390x 2 − 82x − 208) + ⋯
= 3x 3 − 6 ∙ 8x 2 + 6 ∙ 64x − 3 ∙ 16
(i) f(1 ∙ 2) = 3(1.2)3 − 6 ∙ 8(1 ∙ 2)2 + 6 ∙ 64(1 ∙ 2) − 3 ∙ 16
=0∙2
(ii) f(2 ∙ 0) = 3(2 ∙ 0)3 − 6 ∙ 8(2 ∙ 0)2 + 6 ∙ 64(2 ∙ 0) − 3 ∙ 16
= 6 ∙ 92
Qn. Content Marks
1 1
4(a) 1−x 1−x−y 1−x 1−x−y 1 1−x
1−x−y
∫∫ ∫ ydzdydx = ∫ dx ∫ ydy ∫ dz = ∫ dx ∫ y [z]0 dy
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0
1 1−x 1 1−x
= ∫ dx ∫ y(1 − x − y)dy = ∫ dx ∫ (y − xy − y 2 )dy
0 0 0 0
1−x
y2 y2 y3
1 1 (1 − x)3 (1 − x)3
=∫ [ −x − ] dx = ∫ [ − ] dx
0 2 2 3 0 0 2 3
1
3(1 − x)3 − 2(1 − x)2 1 (1
− x)3
=∫ [ ] dx = ∫ dx
0 6 0 6
Let; u= 1−x and du = −dx when x = 0; u = 1 when x = 1; u=0
Thus;
0
1 (1
− x)3 1 0 1 u4 1
∫ dx = − ∫ u3 du = − [ ] = − [0 − 1]
0 6 6 1 6 4 1 24
1
=
24

4(b) Sketch;

Given;
∂F1 ∂F2
F1 = xy 2 ; F2 = −x 2 thus; = 2xy and = −2xy
∂y ∂x

Taking the L.H.S

Along path C1 i.e., y = x 2 dy = 2xdx and the limits of x are −1 to 1
Now;
⬚ 1 1 1
∫ (F1 dx + F2 dy) = ∫ (xy 2 dx − x 2 ydy) = ∫ (x 5 − 2x 5 )dx = − ∫ x 5 dx
C1 x=−1 x=−1 x=−1

1 1 1
= − [x 6 ]1x=−1 = − +
6 6 6
=0
Along path C2, i.e., y = 1 dy = 0 and the limits of x are 1 to −1
Now;
⬚ −1 −1
∫ (F1 dx + F2 dy) = ∫ xy 2 dx = ∫ xdx
C2 x=1 x=1
4(b) Continues;
1 2 −1 1 1
= [x ]x=1 = −
2 2 2
=0
Thus;
⬚
∮ (xy 2 dx − x 2 ydy) = 0
C

Taking the R.H.S

⬚ ⬚ 1 1
∂F1 ∂F2
∫∫ ( − ) dxdy = −4 ∫ ∫ xydxdy = −4 ∫ ∫ xydydx
R ∂x ∂y R x=−1 y=x2
1
1
y2 1
= −4 ∫ x[ ] dx = −2 ∫ x(1 − x 4 )dx
x=−1 2 y=x2 x=−1

1
1
x2 x6
= −2 ∫ (x − x 5 )dx = −2 [ − ]
x=−1 2 6 −1
1 1 1 1
= 2 [( − ) − ( − )] = 0
2 6 2 6
The L.H.S. is equal to the R.H.S., hence verified.
Qn. Content Marks
5(a) The region R can be represented as;
x 2 + y 2 − 2y = 0
x 2 + (y 2 − 2y + 1) − 1 = 0
x 2 + (y − 1)2 = 1
Which is an equation of a circle with centre (0,1) and radius 1

In polar co – ordinates;
Let x = r cos θ y = r sin θ and dxdy = rdrdθ
Thus;
x 2 + y 2 − 2y = r 2 − 2r sin θ = 0
r(r − 2 sin θ) = 0
r = 0 or 2 sin θ
Thus;
⬚ π 2 sin θ π 2 sin θ
y r sin θ
∫∫ dxdy = ∫ ∫ rdrdθ = ∫ ∫ sin θ drdθ
R x2 + y2 θ=0 r=0 r2 θ=0 r=0
π π π
= ∫ sin θ [r]2r=0
sin θ
dθ = ∫ 2 sin2 θ dθ = ∫ (1 − cos 2θ) dθ
θ=0 θ=0 θ=0
π
sin 2θ
= [θ − ]
2 0
=π

5(b) Given;
F̅ = (2x − y)i̅ − yz 2 j̅ − y 2 zk̅ and s; x2 + y2 + z2 = 1
Stoke’s theorem states;
⬚ ⬚
∮ F̅ ∙ dr̅ = ∫ ∫ (∇ × F̅) ∙ n̅dS
C S

S is the upper half surface of the sphere (x – y plane). Thus z = 0 and x 2 + y 2 = 1

Taking the L.H.S.
5(b) Continues;
F̅ ∙ dr̅ = [(2x − y)i̅ − yz 2 j̅ − y 2 zk̅] ∙ (dxi̅ + dyj̅ + dzk̅)
= (2x − y)dx − yz 2 dy − y 2 zdz
Since z=0 dz = 0
Thus;
F̅ ∙ dr̅ = (2x − y)dx
For x2 + y2 = 1 in polar co – ordinates;
x = cos θ; y = sin θ ; dx = − sin θ dθ and 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π
Thus;
⬚ ⬚ 2π
∮ F̅ ∙ dr̅ = ∮ (2x − y)dx = − ∫ (2 cos θ − sin θ) sin θ dθ
C C θ=0
2π 2π
1
= ∫ (sin2 θ − 2 cos θ sin θ) dθ = ∫ [ (1 − cos cos 2θ) − sin 2θ] dθ
θ=0 θ=0 2

θ sin 2θ cos 2θ 2π 1 1
=[ − + ] = (π + ) − (0 + )
2 4 2 0 2 2
=π
Taking the R.H.S.
i̅ j̅ k̅
∂ ∂ ∂
∇ × F̅ = || || = i̅(−2yz + 2yz) − j̅(0 − 0) + k̅(0 + 1)
∂x ∂y ∂z
(2x − y) −yz 2 −y 2 z
= k̅
Thus;
(∇ × F̅) ∙ n̅ = k̅ ∙ k̅ = 1
Thus;
⬚ ⬚
dxdy
∫ ∫ CurlF̅ ∙ n̅dS = ∫ ∫ = ∫ ∫ dxdy
S S |k̅ ∙ n̅|
= Area of the circle (x 2 + y 2 = 1)
=π
The L.H.S. is equal to the R.H.S., hence verified.
Qn. Content Marks
6(a) (i) Given λ1 = −1
1 (x + 1)
And A =[ ]
(x + 3) 3
1 (x + 1) 1 0
|A − λI| = |[ ] − λ[ ]| = 0
(x + 3) 3 0 1
1 (x + 1) 1 0
|[ ]+[ ]| = 0
(x + 3) 3 0 1
2 (x + 1)
| |=0
(x + 3) 4
(4 × 2) − (x + 1)(x + 3) = 0
8 − (x 2 + 4x + 3) = 0
x 2 + 4x − 5 = 0
x = 1, −5
x = 1 (positive value)
(ii) Let x=1
1 (1 + 1) 1 2
Then; A=[ ]=[ ]
(1 + 3) 3 4 3
1 2 1 0
Now; |A − λI| = |[ ] − λ[ ]| = 0
4 3 0 1
1−λ 2
| |=0
4 3−λ
(1 − λ)(3 − λ) − 8 = 0
λ2 − 4λ − 5 = 0
λ = −1, 5
Thus; λ2 = 5

0 1
Given C=[ ]
−14 −9
6(b)
Now; x(t) = ℒ −1 [SI − C]−1
ϕ(S) = [SI − C]−1
1 0 0 1
[SI − C] = (S [ ]−[ ])
0 1 −14 −9
S 0 0 1 S −1
=[ ]−[ ]=[ ]
0 S −14 −9 14 S + 9
1 (S + 9) 1 1 (S + 9) 1
ϕ(S) = [ ] = (S+9⁄ )2 ⁄ )2 [ ]
S(S+9)+14 −14 S 2 −(5 2 −14 S
(S + 9) 1
(S + 9⁄2)2 − (5⁄2)2 (S + 9⁄2)2 − (5⁄2)2
=
−14 S
[(S + 9⁄2) − (5⁄2) (S + 9⁄2)2 − (5⁄2)2 ]
2 2

(S + 9⁄2) + (9⁄5) ∙ (5⁄2) (2⁄5) ∙ (5⁄2)

(S + 9⁄2)2 − (5⁄2)2 (S + 9⁄2)2 − (5⁄2)2
=
−(28⁄5) ∙ (5⁄2) (S + 9⁄2) − (9⁄5) ∙ (5⁄2)
[ (S + 9⁄2)2 − (5⁄2)2 (S + 9⁄2)2 − (5⁄2)2 ]
6(b) continues;
Taking the Laplace inverse of ϕ(S) gives;
9
5 9 5 2 −9t 5
e− 2 t cosh t + sinh t e 2 sinh t
2 5 2 5 2
x(t) = [ ]
28 − 9t 5 9
− t 5 9 5
− e 2 sinh t e 2 cosh t − sinh t
5 2 2 5 2
Qn. Content
Marks
7(a) (i) Sketch for region D; given y = x; y = 2x and x=1 is as shown below

(ii) Limits of x are from x = 0 to x = 1 and limits of y are from y = x to y = 2x

Thus;
⬚ 1 2x
∫ ∫ (x 2 + y 2 ) dydx = ∫ ∫ (x 2 + y 2 )dydx
D x=0 y=x
2x
1
2
y3
=∫ [x y + ] dx
x=0 3 y=x
1
8x 3 x3 1
13 3
=∫ [(3x 3 + ) − (x 3 + )] dx = ∫ x dx
x=0 3 3 x=0 3
1
13 x 4 13
= [ ] = (1 − 0)
3 4 x=0 12
13
= units
12
7(b) By Divergence theorem;
⬚ ⬚
∫ ∫ F̅ ∙ dS̅ = ∫ ∫ ∫ divF̅ dV
S V
⬚
∂ ∂ ∂
= ∫ ∫ ∫ (i̅ + j̅ + k̅ ) ∙ (4xi̅ − 2y 2 j̅ + z 2 k̅)dV
V ∂x ∂y ∂z
⬚
= ∫ ∫ ∫ (4 − 4y + 2z)dxdydz
V
Sketch is shown below;

3
= ∫ ∫ dxdy ∫ (4 − 4y + 2z)dz = ∫ ∫ dxdy[4z − 4yz + z 2 ]3z=0
z=0

= ∫ ∫(12 − 12y + 9)dxdy = ∫ ∫(21 − 12y)dxdy

In polar co – ordinates;
Let; x = r cos θ ; y = r sin θ and dxdy = rdθdr
Thus;
2 2π 2
∫ ∫(21 − 12y)dxdy = ∫ ∫ (21 − 12r sin θ) rdθdr = ∫ [21θ + 12r cos θ]2π
θ=0 rdr
r=0 θ=0 r=0
2
2
r2 41π
= ∫ 41πrdr = 41π [ ] = (4 − 0)
r=0 2 r=0 2
= 81π
 Content
Qn. Marks
8(a) Given;
(2,1)
∫ [(2xy − y 4 + 3)dx + (x 2 − 4xy 3 )dy]
(1,0)
F̅ = (2xy − y 4 + 3)i̅ + (x 2 − 4xy 3 )j̅
Now;
i̅ j̅ k̅
∂ ∂ ∂
∇ × F̅ = || ||
∂x ∂y ∂z
(2xy − y 4 + 3) (x 2 − 4xy 3 ) 0
= i̅(0 − 0) − j̅(0 − 0) + k̅[(2x − 4y 3 ) − (2x − 4y 3 )]
=0
Hence the vector field F̅ is conservative i.e., the path is independent
Now;
dϕ = F̅ ∙ dr̅ = (2xy − y 4 + 3)dx + (x 2 − 4xy 3 )dy
= 2xydx − y 4 dx + 3dx + x 2 dy − 4xy 3 dy
= (2xydx + x 2 dy) − (y 4 dx + 4xy 3 − 3dx)
ϕ = x 2 y − xy 4 + 3x
Thus;
(2,0) (2,1)
Work done = [x 2 y − xy 4 + 3x](1,0) + [x 2 y − xy 4 + 3x](2,0)
= [(6) − (3)] + [(4 − 2 + 6) − (6)] = 3 + 2
= 5 units
Or since it’s independent of the path;
(2,1)
Work done = [x 2 y − xy 4 + 3x](1,0)
= (4 − 2 + 6) − (3)
= 5 units
8(b) Given;
4 2
dydx
∫ ∫
3 1 (x + y)2
Let u= x+y and du = dy
Thus;
4 x+2
du 4
1 x+2
∫ dx ∫ 2
= − ∫ [ ] dx
x=3 u=x+1 u x=3 u u=x+1
4 4 4
1 1 dx dx
= −∫ ( − ) dx = ∫ −∫
x=3 x + 2 x+1 x=3 x + 1 x=3 x + 2
= ln[x + 1]43 − ln[x + 2]43
= ln 5 − ln 4 − ln 6 + ln 5
25
= ln ( ) = 0 ∙ 041
24
8(c) Sketch;
8(c) continues;
Now;
1 1 1 √y
2 3
∫ ∫ x 3 ey dydx = ∫ ∫ x 3 ey dxdy
0 y=x2 y=0 x=0
√y
1
y3
√y
3
1
y3
x4
=∫ e dy ∫ x dx = ∫ e [ ] dx
y=0 x=0 y=0 4 x=0
1
1 3
= ∫ y 2 ey dy
4 y=0
1
Let u = y3 Thus; du = y 2 dy
3
Thus;
1 1 2 y3 1 1 u
∫ y e dy = ∫ e du
4 y=0 12 u=0
1 u1
= [e ]u=0
12
1 1
= (e − 1) = 1 ∙ 7183
12