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Functional Programming: ¶
Functional programming is a programming paradigm in which we try to bind everything in pre mathematical functional style.
Python support functional programming.

1. Lambda:
It is a anonymous function.
syntax: lambda arg1,agr2:output expression

In [1]: 1 # To find the addition two numbers using normal python fucntions.
2 def add(a,b):
3 return a+b
4 add(12,34)

Out[1]: 46

In [4]: 1 # By using lambda function to find the addition of two numbers?

2 add1 = lambda n1,n2:n1+n2
3 add1(10,20)
4 #print(type(add1))

Out[4]: 30

In [5]: 1 # write a program to find the square of a given number using lambda?
2 s = lambda n:n**2
3 s(3)

Out[5]: 9

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In [10]: 1 # using if-else statements in lambda function?

2 # To check whether the given number even or odd?
3 even = lambda a:True if(a%2 == 0) else False
4 even(39)

Out[10]: False

In [12]: 1 # To check whether all three number are equal or to find the biggest three numbers.
2 ​
3 greater=lambda a,b,c:print('a is greater') if(a>b and a>c) else print('b is greater') if(b>c) else print('c is great
4 greater(3,8,1)

 
b is greater

In [21]: 1 # To print 1 to 10 natural numbers using lambda function.

2 ​
3 natural = lambda n:[i for i in range(1,n+1)]
4 natural(10)

Out[21]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

map():
map() function takes two parameters.
syntax: map(function_name,iterable)

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In [24]: 1 # To print the square of list of given numbers?

2 def sq(n):
3 return n*n
4 f = map(sq,[10,20,30,40])
5 print(f)
6 print(list(f))

<map object at 0x000001B512D96B80>

[100, 400, 900, 1600]

In [25]: 1 list(map(sq,[i for i in range(1,11)]))

Out[25]: [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]

In [42]: 1 # TO return only digits from a string data..

2 s = 'python123@programming78'
3 # output: 1 2 3 7 8
4 def digit(s):
5 for i in s:
6 if i.isdigit():
7 print(i)
8 #digit(s)
9 #dig = lambda s:[i for i in s: if i.isdigit()]
10 print(list(map(digit,'python123@programming78')))

1
2
3
7
8
[None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, Non
e, None, None, None]

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In [36]: 1 for i in s:
2 if i.isdigit():
3 print(i)

1
2
3
7
8

filter:
syntax: filter(function_name,iterable)

In [43]: 1 # To check whether the given number is even or odd

2 def is_even(n):
3 if(n%2 == 0):
4 return True
5 else:
6 return False
7 n = list(filter(is_even,[10,13,45,67,80,100]))
8 print(n)

[10, 80, 100]

reduce:
syntax: reduce(function_name,list)
first we need to import functools module.

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In [44]: 1 import functools

2 # TO print the sum of all list elements.
3 L1 = [1,2,3,4]
4 print(functools.reduce(lambda a,b:a+b,L1))

10

Iterators and Generators:

1. Iterator:
A. iter(): It is used to craete a iterator object
B. next(): It return one element at a time.

In [45]: 1 # TO print 1 to 10 natural numbers?

2 for i in range(1,11):
3 print(i)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

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In [52]: 1 # example on Iterator.

2 L1 = [10,20,30,40,50]
3 for i in L1:
4 print(i)
5 # using Iterator
6 I2 = iter(L1)
7 print(I2)
8 print(next(I2))
9 print(next(I2))
10 print(next(I2))
11 print(next(I2))
12 print(next(I2))
13 print(next(I2))

10
20
30
40
50
<list_iterator object at 0x000001B513544D90>
10
20
30
40
50

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
StopIteration Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-52-1159d79055e4> in <module>
11 print(next(I2))
12 print(next(I2))
---> 13 print(next(I2))

StopIteration:

Generator:

In generator having one keyword i.e 'yield'

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By using 'yield' keyword we can get the list of elements

In [58]: 1 # example on generator.

2 def sample():
3 i = 1
4 while(i<=10):
5 yield i
6 i = i+1
7 print(sample())
8 print(set(sample()))

<generator object sample at 0x000001B512DAF190>

{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

1 ## Modules and packges:

2 - 1. module:
3 - Module is nothing .py python file.
4 - In that file we can write such as functions,variables,classes..
5 - By using import keyword we can import the module.
6 - syntax: import module_name
7 - How to access the module:
8 module_name.function_name
9 module_name.variable_name
10 module_name.class_name
11 - 2. packages:
12 - Package is nothing but it is a directory or folder.
13 - In that package we can store the number of modules.
14 - syntax:
15 import package.module
16 - How to access:
17 package.module.function_name
18 package.module.variable
19 package.module.class

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