English Segmental and
Contrastive Phonology I
Fricatives & affricates
Francesca Bonfanti Casareggio
Fricatives
English Spanish Allophones Descriptions Examples
phoneme phoneme
Voiceless, labiodental,
fricative
Foca, afable, golf
English Spanish Allophones Descriptions Examples
phoneme phoneme
See /b/
English Spanish Allophones Descriptions Examples
phoneme phoneme
It doesn’t occur in Chilean Spanish, only in cases of lisping.
Also, in some varieties of European Spanish.
English Spanish Allophones Descriptions Examples
phoneme phoneme
See
English Spanish Allophones Descriptions Examples Phonological
phoneme phoneme environment
Voiceless, alveolar,
fricative
Sana, azar, hacer,
examen
- Always in initial
position
- Always between
vowels
- Preceded by a
consonant and
followed by a vowel
Voiceless, glottal, fricative Gasta, espanto, luz -
-
In final position
When a consonant
follows and a vowel
precedes
It is possible to use the alveolar allophone in More examples
the environments of the glottal one ONLY sol, iza, sosa, hice, hicieron,
when speaking VERY carefully has, hoz, mosca, estudiar, especial, es mío
Free variation or complementary distribution?
English Spanish Allophones Descriptions Examples
phoneme phoneme
This phone doesn’t occur in Spanish.
English Spanish Allophones Descriptions Examples Phonological
phoneme phoneme environment
Voiceless, palatoalveolar,
fricative
The three allophones
can be found in all
positions, but they don’t
Voiceless, palatoalveolar,
affricate
Chacra, ancha, Fech usually co-occur in the
speech of the same
person. We tend to
Sequence
prefer one.
Free variation or complementary distribution?
Theoretically in free variation, but not according to social constraints.
English Spanish Allophones Descriptions Examples Phonological environment
phoneme phoneme
voiced, palatoalveolar,
fricative This phoneme doesn't occur in final
position.
Hielo, ayuda,
voiced, palatoalveolar,
affricate llueve, ellas, yo
The first 3 allophones can be found in
all positions, but they don’t usually co-
occur in the speech of the same
voiced, palatal,
approximant
person. We tend to prefer one.
voiced, palatal,
lateral
Minimal
sentences:
For the orthographic sequence <ll>
Pronounced by very few, older
people, in the Chilean south. It’s
Quería pollo -
also the general pronunciation in
Quería apoyo
Bolivia and other places in South
America
Free variation or complementary distribution?
Theoretically, in free variation, but not according to socio-pragmatic constraints.
English Spanish Allophones Descriptions Examples
phoneme phoneme
See
English Spanish Allophones Descriptions Examples Phonological environment
phoneme phoneme
Voiceless, velar,
fricative
Javier, tejo, reloj Elsewhere
Voiceless, palatal,
fricative
Ximena, Jimena,
ajeno, agente,
Followed by a front vowel
ají, agitar
Free variation or complementary distribution?
Affricates
English Spanish Allophones Descriptions Examples
phoneme phoneme
See
English Spanish Allophones Descriptions Examples
phoneme phoneme
See
