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Anthropology is a small, precise, and scoring
optional. We know that, right? But how to
start anthropology? From basic books? From
topper's notes available in market? From
other study material, the yellow backed
xeroxed ones? We went out and asked
students, and found this to be a common
problem.
TELEGRAM SO MANY
NOTES
TOPPERS
YELLOW
NOTES
BOOKS
BOOKS YOUTUBE
Guess what? The solution is super simple—and it has
been right in front of us all along!
Well Planned Class
Schedule
Engaging & inclusive
class environment
Answering Writing
Practice
Comprehensive
syllabus Coverage
Well Curated Study
Material
Concise Precise Intensively
researched
Coverage of Exam relevant
Anthropology in excerpts from
news academic
course
material
Our aim is to help you glide through this journey smoothly,
rather than get stuck under a pile of non-relevant material.
Class Assignments:
Every handout contains a list of questions, repeated and
relevant to your preparation. Students are to write these
and post them on the telegram group for evaluation.
Evaluation:
The answers are not just evaluated, they are scrutinized.
They are checked on basis of relevance and adequacy of
content, structure of the answer, and presentation.
Students are suggested value addition to give an edge to
their answers.
Tests:
The program includes 6 tests, 4 sectional and 2 full length.
These help in evaluation of your progress and ensure
retention of syllabus.
IPS
IFS
IAS
1.1. Meaning, Scope and development of
Anthropology.
1.2. Relationships with other disciplines: Social
Sciences, behavioural Sciences, Life Sciences,
Medical Sciences, Earth Sciences and
Humanities.
1.3. Main branches of Anthropology, their scope
and relevance:
Social-cultural Anthropology.
biological Anthropology.
Archaeological Anthropology.
Linguistic Anthropology.
1.4. Human Evolution and emergence of Man:
Biological and Cultural factors in human evolution.
Theories of Organic Evolution (Pre-Darwinian,
Darwinian and Post-Darwinian).
Synthetic theory of evolution; Brief outline of terms
and concepts of evolutionary biology (Doll’s rule,
Cope’s rule, Gause’s rule, parallelism,
convergence, adaptive radiation, and mosaic
evolution).
1.5.Characteristics of Primates:
Evolutionary Trend and Primate Taxonomy; Primate Adaptations;
(Arboreal and Terrestrial) Primate Taxonomy; Primate Behaviour;
Tertiary and Quaternary fossil primates; Living Major Primates;
Comparative Anatomy of Man and Apes; Skeletal changes due to
erect posture and its implications.
1.6. Phylogenetic status, characteristics and geographical
distribution of the following:
Plio-preleistocene hominids in South and East Africa—
Australopithecines.
Homo erectus: Africa (Paranthropus), Europe (Homo erectus
(heidelbergensis), Asia (Homo erectus javanicus, Homo
erectus pekinensis.
Neanderthal man—La-chapelle-aux-saints (Classical type),
Mt. Carmel (Progressive type).
Rhodesian man.
Homo sapiens—Cromagnon, Grimaldi and Chancelede.
1.7. The biological basis of Life:
The Cell, DNA structure and replication, Protein Synthesis,
Gene, Mutation, Chromosomes, and Cell Division.
1.8. (a) Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology.
Chronology: Relative and Absolute Dating
methods.
(b) Cultural Evolution—Broad Outlines of
Prehistoric cultures:
Paleolithic
Mesolithic
Neolithic
Chalcolithic
Copper-Bronze age
Iron Age
2.1.The Nature of Culture:
The concept and Characteristics of culture and
civilization;Ethnocentrism vis-a-vis cultural Relativism.
2.2.The Nature of Society:
Concept of Society; Society and Culture; Social
Institution; Social groups; and social stratification.
2.3.Marriage:
Definition and universality; Laws of marriage (endogamy,
exogamy, hypergamy, hypogamy, incest taboo); Type of
marriage (monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, group
marriage). Functions of marriage; Marriage regulations
(preferential, prescriptive and proscriptive); Marriage
payments (bride wealth and dowry).
2.4. Family:
Definition and universality; Family, household and
domestic groups; functions of family; Types of family
(from the perspectives of structure, blood relation,
marriage, residence and succession); Impact of
urbanization, industrialization and feminist movements
on family.
2.5.Kinship:
Consanguinity and Affinity; Principles and types of
descent (Unilineal, Double, Bilateral Ambilineal); Forms of
descent groups (lineage, clan, phratry, moiety and
kindred); Kinship terminology (descriptive and
classificatory); Descent, Filiation and Complimentary
Filiation;Decent and Alliance.
3.Economic Organization:
Meaning, scope and relevance of economic
anthropology; Formalist and Substantivist debate;
Principles governing production, distribution and
exchange (reciprocity,redistribution and market), in
communities, subsisting on hunting and gathering,
fishing, swiddening, pastoralism, horticulture, and
agriculture; globalization and indigenous economic
systems.
4.Political Organization and Social Control:
Band, tribe, chiefdom, kingdom and state; conceptsof
power, authority and legitimacy; social control, law and
justice in simple Societies.
5. Religion:
Anthropological approaches to the study of religion
(evolutionary, psychological and functional); monotheism
and polytheism; sacred and profane; myths and rituals;
forms of religion in tribal and peasant Societies (animism,
animatism, fetishism, naturism and totemism); religion,
magic and science distinguished; magico-religious
functionaries (priest, shaman, medicine man,
6. Anthropological theories:
(a) Classical evolutionism (Tylor, Morgan and Frazer)
(b) Historical particularism (Boas) Diffusionism (British,
German and American)
(c) Functionalism (Malinowski); Structural—Functionlism
(Radcliffe-Brown)
(d) Structuralism (Levi-Strauss and E. Leach)
(e) Culture and personality (Benedict, Mead, Linton,
Kardiner and Cora-du Bois)
(f) Neo—evolutionism (Childe, White, Steward, Sahlins and
Service)
(g) Cultural materialism (Harris)
(h) Symbolic and interpretive theories (Turner, Schneider
and Geertz)
(i) Cognitive theories (Tyler, Conklin)
(j) Post-modernism in anthropology.
7. Culture, Language and Communication:
Nature, origin and characteristics of language; verbal and
non-verbal communication; social context of language
use.
8. Research methods in Anthropology:
(a) Fieldwork tradition in anthropology
(b) Distinction between technique, method and
methodology
(c) Tools of data collection: observation, interview,
schedules, questionnaire, case study, genealogy, life-
history, oral history, secondary sources of information,
participatory methods.
(d) Analysis, interpretation and presentation of data.
9.1. Human Genetics:
Methods and Application: Methods for study of genetic
principles in man family study (pedigree analysis, twin
study, foster child, co-twin method, cytogenetic method,
chromosomal and karyo-type analysis), biochemical
methods, immunological methods, D.N.A. technology and
recombinant technologies.
Mendelian genetics in man-family study, single factor,
multifactor, lethal, sub-lethal and polygenic inheritance in
man.
9.3. Concept of genetic polymorphism and
selection, Mendelian population, Hardy-Weinberg
law; causes and changes which bring down
frequency-mutation, isolation, migration, selection,
inbreeding and genetic drift. Consanguineous and
non-consanguineous mating, genetic load, genetic
effect of consanguineous and cousin marriages.
9.4. Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in
man, methodology.
(a) Numerical and structural aberrations (disorders).
(b) Sex chromosomal aberration- Klinefelter (XXY), Turner
(XO), Super female (XXX), intersex and other
syndromic disorders.
(c) Autosomal aberrations- Down syndrome, Patau,
Edward and Cri-du-chat syndromes.
(d) Genetic imprints in human disease, genetic screening,
genetic counseling, human DNA profiling, gene Do you know her?
mapping and genome study.
9.5. Race and racism, biological basis of
morphological variation of non-metric and
characters. Racial criteria, racial traits in relation to
heredity and environment; biological basis of racial
classification, racial differentiation and race
crossing in man.
9.6 Age, sex and population variation as genetic
marker: ABO, Rh blood groups, HLA Hp,
transferring, Gm, blood enzymes. Physiological
characteristics-Hb level, body fat, pulse rate,
respiratory functions and sensory perceptions in
different cultural and socio-ecomomic groups.
9.7. Concepts and methods of Ecological
Anthropology: Bio-cultural Adaptations—Genetic
and Non-genetic factors. Man’s physiological
responses to environmental stresses: hot desert,
cold, high-altitude climate.
9.8. Epidemiological Anthropology:
Health and disease. Infectious and non-infectious
diseases, Nutritional deficiency related diseases.
10. Concept of human growth and Development:
Stages of growth—pre-natal, natal, infant, childhood,
adolescence, maturity, senescence.
Factors affecting growth and development genetic,
environmental, biochemical, nutritional, cultural and
socio-economic.
Ageing and senescence. Theories and observations
biological and chronological longevity. Human
physique and somatotypes. Methodologies for growth
studies.
11.1. Relevance of menarche, menopause and other
bio events to fertility. Fertility patterns and
differentials.
11.2. Demographic theories-biological, social and
cultural.
11.3. Biological and socio-ecological factors
influencing fecundity, fertility, natality and mortality.
12. Applications of Anthropology:
Anthropology of sports, Nutritional anthropology,
Anthroplogy in designing of defence and other
equipments, Forensic Anthroplogy, Methods and principles
of personal identification and reconstruction, Applied
human genetics—Paternity diagnosis, genetic counselling
and eugenics, DNA technology in diseases and medicine,
serogenetics and cytogenetics in reproductive biology.
1.1. Evolution of the Indian Culture and Civilization—
Prehistoric (Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and
Neolithic-Chalcolithic), Protohistoric (Indus
Civilization). Pre-Harappan, Harappan and post
Harappan cultures. Contributions of the tribal
cultures to Indian civilization.
1.2. Palaeo—Anthropological evidences from India
with special reference to Siwaliks and Narmada
basin (Ramapithecus, Sivapithecus and Narmada
Man).
1.3. Ethno-archaeology in India:
The concept of ethno-archaeology; Survivals and Parallels
among the hunting, foraging, fishing, pastoral and
peasant communities including arts and crafts producing
communities.
2. Demographic profile of India— Ethnic and
linguistic elements in the Indian population and
their distribution. Indian population—factors
influencing its structure and growth.
3.1. The structure and nature of traditional Indian
social system—Varnashram, Purushartha, Karma,
Rina and Rebirth.
3.2. Caste system in India— Structure and
characteristics Varna and caste, Theories of origin
of caste system, Dominant caste, Caste mobility,
Future of caste system, Jajmani system. Tribe-case
continuum.
3.3. Sacred Complex and Nature-Man-Spirit
Complex.
3.4. Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and
Christianity of Indian society.
4. Emergence, growth and development in India—
Contributions of the 18th, 19th and early 20th Century
scholar-administrators. Contributions of Indian
anthropologists to tribal and caste studies.
5.1. Indian Village— Significance of village study in
India; Indian village as a social system; Traditional
and changing patterns of settlement and inter-
caste relations; Agrarian relations in Indian villages;
Impact of globalization on Indian villages.
5.2. Linguistic and religious minorities and their
social, political and economic status.
5.3. Indigenous and exogenous processes of socio-
cultural change in Indian society: Sanskritization,
Westernization, Modernization; Inter-play of little
and great traditions; Panchayati Raj and social
change; Media and Social change.
6.1. Tribal situation in India— Bio-genetic variability,
linguistic and socio-economic characteristics of the
tribal populations and their distribution.
6.2. Problems of the tribal Communities— Land
alienation, poverty, indebtedness, low literacy, poor
educational facilities, unemployment, under-
employment, health and nutrition.
6.3 Developmental projects and their impact on
tribal displacement and problems of rehabilitation.
Development of forest policy and tribals. Impact of
urbanisation and industrialization on tribal
populations.
7.1 Problems of exploitation and deprivation of
Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other
Backward Classes. Constitutional safeguards for
Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes.
7.2 Social change and contemporary tribal societies:
Impact of modern democratic institutions,
development programmes and welfare measures
on tribals and weaker sections.
7.3 The concept of ethnicity; Ethnic conflicts and
political developments; Unrest among tribal
communities; Regionalism and demand for
autonomy; Pseudo-tribalism. Social change among
the tribes during colonial and post-Independent
India.
8.1 Impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam
and other religions on tribal societies.
8.2 Tribe and nation state— a comparative study of
tribal communities in India and other countries.
9.1 History of administration of tribal areas, tribal
policies, plans, programmes of tribal development
and their implementation. The concept of PTGs
(Primitive Tribal Groups), their distribution, special
programmes for their development. Role of N.G.O.s
in tribal development.
9.2 Role of anthropology in tribal and rural
development.
9.3 Contributions of anthropology to the
understanding of regionalism, communalism and
ethnic and political movements.
ANTHROPOLOGY
OPTIONAL FOUNDATION
UPSC CSE 2026
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Karandeep Sir,
Mentored 155+ rankers
55+ Selection in
UPSC CSE 2024
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Ka® BaghI NeÕ Dehk]
ANTHROPOLOGY
HALL OF FAME | UPSC CSE 2024
55 + Selection From Anthropology
Optional Programs
24 32 41 59 90
DR. R RANGAMANJU UTKARSH YADAV SACHIN BASAVARAJ GUTTUR VIDYANSHU SHEKHAR JHA VAIBHAV KUMAR
Anthropology Mains Test Anthropology Mains Test Anthropology Mains Test Anthropology Mains Test Anthropology Mains Test
Series Program Series Program Series Program Series Program Series Program
AIR - 105 Deepali Mahto AIR - 581 Rohan Pingale
AIR - 106 Eshani Anand AIR - 600 Rahul Kumar Meena
AIR - 135 Ajink Kumar AIR - 621 Neelesh Kumar
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AIR - 399 Achal Anand AIR - 857 Aniket Ranjan
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327 Abhishek Saini 145 Srishti
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176 Smriti Bhardwaj
112 G Sahi Darsini 281 Wasim Ur Rahman
300 Shivani Jerngal
328 Rammohan Meena
151 Vaibhav Kumar 291 Shubham Kaurav
155 Sushir Shrikrushna 292 Md Nayab Anjum
349 Rahul Deshmukh
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382 Krishna Kant
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418 Pawar Swapnil
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334 Aayushi Pradhan 878 Nimisha Tantuway 713 Ravi Raj Sattavan
339 Aakanksha Singh 979 Abhishek Vyas 714 Vishal Mahar
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