Journal of Chemical Health Risks

www.jchr.org
JCHR (2023) 13(3), 628-633

Investigating the Potential Antihyperlipidemic Properties of Ultra-

High Dilutions of Guatteria Gaumeri: An Experimental Approach
G.A. Aarthi1, T. Asta Eswaran2, R.S.G. Sowmya3, S. Sundarapandiyaraj4, C. Sherin Sheeba5* and Anjaly R Nair5
1
Intern, Sarada Krishna Homoeopathic Medical College, (Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical
University, Chennai), Kulasekharam, Kanniyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India.
2
Department of Materia Medica, Sarada Krishna Homoeopathic Medical College, (Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr.
M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai), Kulasekharam, Kanniyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India.
3
Department of Pathology, Sarada Krishna Homoeopathic Medical College, (Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr.
M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai), Kulasekharam, Kanniyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India.
4
Department of Practice of Medicine, Sri Sairam Homoeopathy Medical College and Research Centre (Affiliated
to The Tamil Nadu Dr.M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India – 600044.
5
Department of Practice of Medicine, Sarada Krishna Homoeopathic Medical College, (Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu
Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai), Kulasekharam, Kanniyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India.
*
Corresponding author email: [email protected]

KEYWORDS ABSTRACT:
Antihyperlipidemic, The traditional medicinal plant known as Guatteria gaumeri, also referred to as G. leiophylla Safford,
Guatteria gaumeri, is a member of the Anonaceae family. It has historically been employed by indigenous populations
Hyperlipidemia, for addressing hyperlipidemia, a condition that heightens the risk of atherosclerosis and
Hubbard broiler atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which ranks as the leading cause of global and national
chicken, mortality. This investigation presents the effectiveness of various homeopathic dilutions of Guatteria
Homoeopathy, gaumeri, including 30C, 12C, and the Mother Tincture, in the reduction of cholesterol levels. The
Lipid profile. research was conducted using Hubbard broiler chickens, with each group consisting of four
chickens. The chickens received Guatteria gaumeri Mother Tincture, 12C, or 30C twice daily for a
duration of 35 days. On the 36th day, serum lipid parameters such as total cholesterol, triglycerides,
LDL, HDL, and VLDL were measured and compared to a control group. The results revealed a
significant decrease in blood triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, and VLDL levels, along with an
increase in HDL levels, following 35 days of Guatteria gaumeri Mother Tincture, 12C, and 30C
intervention. In conclusion, these findings suggest that Guatteria gaumeri, as a homeopathic remedy,
possesses noteworthy anti-hyperlipidemic properties and holds promise as a potential therapeutic
agent for metabolic correction and lipid level.

INTRODUCTION: atherosclerosis. (2) Guatteria gaumeri, a medicinal plant

Guatteria gaumeri Grenenm, alternatively referred to as used in Mexico to treat hypercholesteremia and
Synonym G. Leiophylla Safford, belongs to the cholelithiasis, provides the alpha-asarone, a
Anonaceae plant family and is a widely recognized for hypolipidemic drug. (3) Guatteria gaumeri is a 10 to 15
its effectiveness in the management of hyperlipidemia. (1) meters tall tree, with a blackish coloured bark. Its leaves
Hyperlipidemia increases the risk of atherosclerotic are oval-lanceolate, acuminate, dark green about 9 to 11
cardiovascular disease and there exist a direct cause and centimetres long. The fruit is a round cluster
effect relationship between the concentration of approximately 2 centimetres in diameter, with a very
cholesterol in the blood stream and the development of

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JCHR (2023) 13(3), 628-633

disagreeable taste and odour. A homoeopathic mother inhibitor of hepatic co-A reductase, so that it decreases
tincture is prepared from dried bark of the plant. (4) serum cholesterol level.(10) In the study of
Hyperlipidemia risk is increased by an unhealthy diet in pharmacological properties of alpha asarone shows that
two distinct ways. Firstly, the components of the diet the presence of active principle alpha asarone (2,4,5-
play a role. Consuming excessive amounts of fat and trimethoxy-1-propenylbenzene)in Guatteria gaumeri
cholesterol raises blood lipid levels. Additionally, which is isolated from dried bark of the plant was able to
consuming excess of calories results in the extra calories decrease rat and human serum cholesterol level. (11) An
to be stored as fat in the body. One of the earliest signs existing data from human study shows that, when
of atherosclerosis is the buildup of cholesteryl esters in tincture from Guatteria gaumeri was administered for 30
vascular cells. Currently, it has been demonstrated that days in hyperlipidemic patients, reduced the serum
different variations of modified LDL exist in human cholesterol level. (1) In research conducted in Udaipur,
blood. So, a modifiable risk factor for serious India it was observed that Guatteria gumeri exhibited
cardiovascular events is hyperlipidemia. study shows effectiveness in managing hypercholesterolaemia. In a
that ultra-high dilutions of Guatteria gaumeri have an animal study, when hyperchoelstremic rats was
antihyperlipidemic impact.(5) according to National administered with alpha asarone showed the reduction in
Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) adopting serum cholesterol level and triglycerides level. (13)
healthy diet and decreasing weight both reduce the
amount of bad cholesterol that is kept in the body and MATERIALS AND METHODS:
increase the amount of good cholesterol that is expelled In a rigorous experimental study conducted on Hubbard
from the body (6).Today, excessive fat is one of the broiler chickens, researchers aimed to investigate the
biggest issues the poultry business is dealing with effects of Guatteria gaumeri, a medicinal plant, on these
because it not only lowers carcass production and feed poultry birds. The study comprised 16 Hubbard broiler
efficiency but also results in customers rejecting the chickens, randomly divided into four groups, each
meat. The producers of broiler chickens suffer an consisting of four birds aged 7 days. To differentiate
economic loss due to the high body fat deposition. between the groups, various colors were applied to their
Additionally, consumers preference for leaner meat has feathers for easy identification. The materials required
grown recently. Several studies in an effort to decrease for the study included Hubbard broiler chickens,
fat deposition in broiler chicken (7). Research on Guatteria gaumeri Mother tincture in different potencies
medicinal plants is conducted for a variety of reasons. (12C and 30C), and a 35-day timeframe. The study was
Traditional plants are said to be capable of fighting carried out at a farm, with specific tests, such as lipid
several diseases. (8) profile tests, conducted at the Bethel laboratory. This
Guatteria gaumeri and Hyperlipidemia: meticulously designed experimental study aimed to shed
Guatteria gaumeri is a native plant of Mexico that has light on the potential benefits of Guatteria gaumeri on the
been used as a bark infusion in traditional medicine for health and well-being of Hubbard broiler chickens.
the treatment of cholesterol, gallstones and other various During the experimental study, a carefully planned
conditions. The bark of Guatteria gaumeri contains some regimen was followed to assess the impact of diet and
significant amount of alpha asarone, and other related medicine on Hubbard broiler chickens. The diet
transpropenylbenze compounds. Preliminary studies consisted of pet feed, wheat, and leafy vegetables, which
have shown that an aqueous infusion prepared from the were provided to the chickens as their primary source of
bark of plant, given orally to normal dogs, produce a nutrition. Medicines, including Guatteria gaumeri 30C,
decrease in serum levels of cholesterol. (1) The source of 12C, and Mother Tincture, were acquired from reputable
Guatteria gaumeri tincture obtained from the dried bark sources and stored at room temperature in darkness until
of the plant, which is a tree growing in central and use. The preparation of the medicines involved adding
southern America ,was described in 1790 by 100 ml of water to separate bottles, followed by the
J.B.Guatteria and 1906 by G. F. GAUMER. Its anti- addition of 5 drops of the respective medicines. These
hyperlipidemic effect was reported way back in 1982. (9) medicines were administered to the chickens twice a day,
A study conducted using alpha asarone revealed that, in the morning at 10 am and in the evening at 5 pm, over
Alpha asarone present in Guatteria gaumeri is an a period of 35 days. Subsequently, a post-assessment of

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the lipid profile, including parameters such as total was done on 55th day after administration of medicine
cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and VLDL, was for 35days. In assessment of lipid parameters group-I
conducted by extracting blood from the brachial vein of (control group) is compared with group-II, group-III, and
the Hubbard broiler chickens. This comprehensive group IV (medicine administered groups).
approach allowed for a thorough evaluation of the effects In the statistical analysis P Value < 0.05 in LDL, TGL,
of the diet and medication on the chickens' lipid profiles. TC, VLDL there is variation among the groups during
assessment in these parameters. However, HDL shows
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: slight variation among the groups during assessment in
An experimental study was conducted to assess the these parameters.
efficacy of homoeopathic medicine Guatteria gaumeri in In this study there is no significant increase in HDL
reducing lipid profile level in hubbard broiler chicken. value, but the group-II (Guatteria gaumeri 12C) shows
Randomly 12 hubbard broiler chicken of 7 days was increase in HDL level when compared with other groups
brought from a standardized farm and was divided into 3 (III, IV and control group). In a study conducted on the
groups (4 each)-Group-I (control group), group-II major metabolite alpha asarone showed , that it inhibit
(Guatteria gaumeri 12C), group-III (Guatteria gaumeri hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A
30C). Pre-assessment of lipid profile was done at 20th day reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), the rate controlling
and after the homoeopathic intervention post assessment enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, lowered serum LDL-
of lipid profile was done at 55th day. The data’s obtained cholesterol levels, leaving serum HDL cholesterol
during the study was documented correctly. The result Studies have also shown Reduced cholesterol efflux from
obtained after post assessment of medicine administered tissues, the first step in reverse cholesterol transport from
group was compared with control group. Based on peripheral tissues to the liver, is caused by a decrease in
analysis of comparing medicine administered group cardioprotective HDL-C.(14)The findings in that study
(group-II, III, IV) and control group (group-I), the correlates with the finding of the present study.
following are obtained. The assessment of lipid profile
Table 1. Influence of Guatteria gaumeri in the Lipid levels of Hubbard Broiler Chicken
Lipoprotein/ HDL LDL Total Triglycerides VLDL
Groups (mg/dl) (mg/dl) Cholesterol (mg/dl) (mg/dl)
(mg/dl)
Group-I C1 57 117 215 305 41
Group-I C2 46 119 221 281 56
Group-I C3 63 115 235 287 57
Group-I C4 51 115 216 252 50
Group-II C1 65 84 169 148 30
Group-II C2 66 82 182 169 34
Group-II C3 70 79 179 149 30
Group-II C4 63 93 190 172 34
Group-III C1 53 95 181 164 33
Group-III C2 46 75 153 158 32
Group-III C3 60 87 180 166 33
Group-III C4 56 80 172 181 36
Group-IV C1 48 94 168 130 26
Group-IV C2 59 96 187 161 32
Group-IV C3 66 84 181 156 31
Group-IV C4 55 106 178 137 27

By comparing the LDL, Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, II, III, IV has been reduced. Group-II (Guatteria gaumeri
VLDL level with group-I (Control), the values of group- 12C) shows marked reduction in the values. Group-III

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JCHR (2023) 13(3), 628-633

(Guatteria gaumeri 30C) shows moderate reduction in reductase), the rate controlling enzyme in cholesterol
value. Group-IV(Guatteria gaumeri mother biosynthesis, lowered serum LDL-cholesterol levels. (12)
tincture)shows mild reduction in value. In group-I Studies have also shown, Evidence for a causal link
(control) there is increase in LDL,TOTAL cholesterol, between modulation of LDL-C levels and CAD
Triglycerides, VLDL level when compared with group- risk(15)Randomized intervention trial evidence showed
II,III,IV(Guatteria gaumeri 12C,30C,mother tincture).In that triglyceride-lowering reduces cardiovascular disease
a study conducted on the major metabolite alpha asarone in patients with raised triglycerides. (16) These existing
showed ,that it inhibit hepatic 3-hydroxy-3- data from these studies can be correlated with this present
methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA study.

Table 2. Statistical Analysis- Lipid profile assessment

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 387.500 3 129.167 3.344 .056
HDL Within Groups 463.500 12 38.625
Total 851.000 15
Between Groups 2752.188 3 917.396 18.635 .000
LDL Within Groups 590.750 12 49.229
Total 3342.938 15
Between Groups 6262.188 3 2087.396 21.323 .000
TC Within Groups 1174.750 12 97.896
Total 7436.938 15
Between Groups 48303.188 3 16101.063 62.473 .000
TGL Within Groups 3092.750 12 257.729
Total 51395.938 15
Between Groups 1182.750 3 394.250 22.211 .000
VLDL Within Groups 213.000 12 17.750
Total 1395.750 15

Remedy and potency: observed in broiler chickens suggest that Guatteria

In this study Guatteria gaumeri medicine was used as gaumeri has the potential to be used as a homeopathic
mother tincture,12C potency,30C potency. Guatteria medicine in humans. Administering this medicine to
gaumeri Mother Tincture and its potencies 12Cand 30C humans could help in reducing the risk of
is found to be effective in reducing lipid profile and hyperlipidemia, a condition characterized by elevated
weight. Out of these Guatteria gaumeri mother tincture lipid levels in the bloodstream, which is a significant risk
proved to effective in reducing weight and Guatteria factor for cardiovascular diseases.
gaumeri 12C proved to effective in reducing LDL, Total Beyond its potential application in human health, the
cholesterol, Triglycerides and increasing HDL level. study has implications for the poultry industry. By
Some studies have shown that Guatteria gaumeri is incorporating Guatteria gaumeri into the diet of broiler
effective in treating hyperlipidemia.(17-19) chickens, it is possible to produce low-fat meat products.
This could align with the increasing consumer demand
CONCLUSION: for healthier dietary choices and contribute to the
The study clearly demonstrates that Guatteria gaumeri is production of leaner meat. Controlling cholesterol levels
effective in reducing various lipid markers, including is crucial for preventing future cardiovascular diseases
LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and VLDL, while and their complications. Elevated LDL and total
also increasing HDL levels. This finding establishes the cholesterol levels are associated with a higher risk of
potential of Guatteria gaumeri as a beneficial heart disease, strokes, and other cardiovascular
intervention for lipid management. The positive effects conditions. The study's findings suggest that Guatteria

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gaumeri could play a role in mitigating this risk. The eria-gaumeri-schwabe-news-apr-dec-2019-

conclusion highlights the importance of a holistic schwabe-india/>
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: 10. Rodríguez-Páez L, Juárez-Sanchez M, Antúnez-
The financial assistance from the Central Council of Solís J, Baeza I, Wong C. α-asarone inhibits HMG-
Research in Homoeopathy CCRH, New Delhi, in the CoA reductase, lowers serum LDL-cholesterol
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Homoeopathic Medical College (SKHMC) for the 11. Antunez-Solis J, Hernández-Derramadero F,
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