International GCSE

E - MATHS

Past papers
(2022,2023)

Topic – Probability and Statistics

Paper - 42

By Tr Thae Phyu Phyu Soe

 8

5 The table shows information about the mass, m grams, of each of 120 letters.
25 75 150 350
Mass (m grams) 0 1 m G 50 50 1 m G 100 100 1 m G 200 200 1 m G 500
Frequency 43 31 25 21

(a) Calculate an estimate of the mean mass.

mean = (25x43)+(75x31)+(150x25)+(350x21) / 120

= 120.8 or 121

.............................................. g [4]

(b) Iraj draws a histogram to show this information.

He makes the height of the first bar 17.2 cm. 31/50 = 0.62
Calculate the height of each of the remaining bars.
....17.2 x 0.62/0.86 = 12.4

f.d = f / c.w = 43 / 50 = 0.86 cm 25/100 = 0.25

....17.2 x 0.25/0.86 = 5
0.86cm = 17.2cm
21 / 300 = 0.07
....17.2 x 0.07/0.86 = 1.4

12.4
height of bar for 50 1 m G 100 .......................................... cm
5
height of bar for 100 1 m G 200 .......................................... cm
1.4
height of bar for 200 1 m G 500 ........................................... cm [3]

(c) Complete the cumulative frequency table.

Mass (m grams) m G 50 m G 100 m G 200 m G 500

Cumulative
frequency
[2]

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(d) Draw a cumulative frequency diagram.

120

100

80

Cumulative
frequency 60

40

20

0 m
0 100 200 300 400 500
Mass (g)
[3]

(e) Use the cumulative frequency diagram to find an estimate for

(i) the median,

70
.............................................. g [1]

(ii) the upper quartile, 3/4 x 120 = 90

150
.............................................. g [1]

(iii) the 40th percentile, 40/100 x 120 = 48

55
.............................................. g [2]

(iv) the number of letters with a mass m where 250 1 m G 400 .

................................................. [2]

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1
11 (a) The probability that Shalini is late for school on any day is .
6
(i) Complete the tree diagram for Monday and Tuesday.

Monday Tuesday

1/6 Late
........

Late
1/6
........
5/6
........
Not late

Late
1/6
........
5/6
........
Not late

5/6
........
Not late
[2]

(ii) Calculate the probability that Shalini is late on Monday but is not late on Tuesday.

1/6 x 5/6 = 5/36

................................................. [2]

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(b) The Venn diagram shows the number of students in a group of 50 students who wear glasses (G),
who wear trainers (T ) and who have a mobile phone (M ).


G
T
0 2 3
2
19 14

1
M 9

(i) Use set notation to describe the region that contains only one student.

.................................................. [1]
(ii) Find n bT l + `G , M jl.

28
................................................. [1]

(iii) One student is picked at random from the 50 students.

Find the probability that this student wears trainers but does not wear glasses.

................................................. [1]

(iv) Two students are picked at random from those wearing trainers.

Find the probability that both students have mobile phones.

................................................. [3]

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1 (a) The list shows 15 midday temperatures, in degrees Celsius, in Suntown.

17 21 21 18 23 22 25 19

21 17 19 18 21 24 23

(i) Complete the stem-and-leaf diagram to show this information.

1 7 7 8 8 9 9
2 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 5

Key: 1|7 represents 17 °C

[2]

(ii) Find the median.

............................................. °C [1]

(iii) Find the upper quartile.

............................................. °C [1]

(iv) Rahul draws a pie chart to show this information.

Calculate the sector angle for the number of days the temperature is 18 °C.

................................................. [2]

(b)

0 50 100 150 200

Mass (grams)

The box-and-whisker plot shows information about the masses, in grams, of some apples.

(i) Find the median.

............................................... g [1]

(ii) Find the range.

............................................... g [1]

(iii) Find the interquartile range.

............................................... g [1]

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(c) (i) The time, t minutes, spent on homework in one week by each of 200 students is recorded.
The table shows the results.
50 70 85 95 125
Time (t minutes) 40 1 t G 60 60 1 t G 80 80 1 t G 90 90 1 t G 100 100 1 t G 150

Frequency 6 10 70 84 30

Calculate an estimate of the mean.

mean = (50x6) + (70x10) + (85 x 70) + (95x84)+(125x30) / 200 = 93.4

.......................................... min [4]

(ii) A new table with different class intervals is completed.

Time (t minutes) 40 1 t G 90 90 1 t G 150

Frequency 86 114

On a histogram the height of the bar for the 40 1 t G 90 interval is 17.2 cm.

Calculate the height of the bar for the 90 1 t G 150 interval.

f.d = f / c.w = 86 / 50 = 1.72 f.d = 114 / 60 = 1.9

1.72 ..... 17.2 cm

19cm
............................................ cm [2]

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8 (a) (i) Use set notation to describe the shaded region in the Venn diagram.

 B
A

................................................. [1]

(ii) Shade the correct region in each Venn diagram.


K L

 Q
P

Q , P' M
(K , L ) + M '
[2]

(b)

V E N N D I A G R A M

The diagram shows 11 cards.

(i) One of these cards is chosen at random.

Write down the probability that the letter on the card is not A.

................................................. [1]

(ii) A card is chosen at random from these 11 cards and then replaced.
A second card is then chosen at random.

Find the probability that exactly one card has the letter N.

................................................. [3]

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33-x+x+42-x+3 = 50
(c)

E M -x = -28

............. .......... .............

.............

50 students are asked if they like English (E) and if they like mathematics (M).
3 say they do not like English and do not like mathematics.
33 say they like English.
42 say they like mathematics.

(i) Complete the Venn diagram. [2]

(ii) A student is chosen at random.

Find the probability that this student likes English and likes mathematics.

................................................. [1]

(iii) Two students are chosen at random.

Find the probability that they both like mathematics.

................................................. [2]

(iv) Two students who like English are chosen at random.

Find the probability that they both also like mathematics.

................................................. [2]

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7 Information about the mass, m kg, of each of 150 children is recorded in the frequency table.
5 15 22.5 32.5 45
Mass (m kg) 0 1 m G 10 10 1 m G 20 20 1 m G 25 25 1 m G 40 40 1 m G 50

Frequency 12 38 32 50 18

(a) Calculate an estimate of the mean mass.

mean = ( 5x12)+(15x38)+(22.5x32)+(32.5x50)+(45x18) / 150

= 25.2

38/10 = 3.8 32 / 5 = 6.4 50/15 = 3.33 18/10 =

12 / 10 =1.2 1.8
............................................ kg [4]

(b) Draw a histogram to show the information in the table.

5
Frequency
density 4

0 m
0 10 20 30 40 50
Mass (kg)
[4]

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(c) (i) Use the frequency table to complete this cumulative frequency table.

Mass (m kg) m G 10 m G 20 m G 25 m G 40 m G 50

Cumulative 82
frequency 12 50 132 150
[2]

(ii) Calculate the percentage of children with a mass greater than 10 kg.

138 / 150 x 100% = 92%

............................................. % [2]

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5 The time, t minutes, taken by each of 80 people to travel to work is recorded.

The table shows information about these times.

Time
01tG5 5 1 t G 10 10 1 t G 20 20 1 t G 35 35 1 t G 60
(t minutes)

Frequency 3 7 18 28 24

(a) (i) Write down the class interval containing the median time.

.................... 1 t G .................... [1]

(ii) Calculate an estimate of the mean time.

.......................................... min [4]

(b) (i) One of these 80 people is chosen at random.

Find the probability that this person took longer than 10 minutes to travel to work.
Give your answer as a fraction in its simplest form.

................................................. [2]

(ii) Two people are chosen at random from those taking 20 minutes or less to travel to work.

Calculate the probability that one of these people took 5 minutes or less and the other took
more than 5 minutes.

................................................. [3]

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(c) (i) Use the frequency table on page 8 to complete the cumulative frequency table.

Time
tG5 t G 10 t G 20 t G 35 t G 60
(t minutes)
Cumulative
3 10 80
frequency
[1]
(ii) On the grid, draw a cumulative frequency diagram to show this information.

80

70

60

50
Cumulative
frequency 40

30

20

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 t
Time (minutes)
[3]

(iii) Find an estimate for the 80th percentile.

.......................................... min [2]

(iv) Find an estimate for the percentage of people who took longer than 45 minutes to travel to
work.
Show all your working.

............................................. % [3]

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5 (a) 100 students each record the time, t minutes, taken to eat a pizza�
The cumulative frequency diagram shows the results�

100

80

60
Cumulative
frequency

40

20

0 t
0 5 10 15
Time (minutes)

Find an estimate of

(i) the median,

������������������������������������������ min [1]

(ii) the interquartile range,

������������������������������������������ min [2]

(iii) the number of students taking more than 11 minutes to eat a pizza�

������������������������������������������������� [2]

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(b) 150 students each record how far they can throw a tennis ball�
The table shows the results�

Distance
0 1 d G 20 20 1 d G 30 30 1 d G 35 35 1 d G 45 45 1 d G 60
(d metres)

Frequency 4 38 40 53 15

(i) Calculate an estimate of the mean�

��������������������������������������������� m [4]

(ii) A histogram is drawn to show this information�

The height of the bar representing 30 1 d G 35 is 12 cm�

Calculate the height of each of the other bars�

Distance (d metres) Frequency Height of bar (cm)

0 1 d G 20 4
20 1 d G 30 38
30 1 d G 35 40 12
35 1 d G 45 53
45 1 d G 60 15

[3]

(iii) Two students are chosen at random�

Find the probability that they both threw the ball more than 45 m�

������������������������������������������������� [2]

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3 Kai and Ann carry out a survey on the distances travelled, in kilometres, by 200 cars.

Kai completes this frequency table for the data collected.

Distance (d km) 80 1 d G 100 100 1 d G 150 150 1 d G 200 200 1 d G 300 300 1 d G 400

Frequency 7 33 76 52 32

(a) (i) Calculate an estimate of the mean.

............................................ km [4]

(ii) Ann uses this frequency table for the same data.
There is a different interval for the final group.

Distance (d km) 80 1 d G 100 100 1 d G 150 150 1 d G 200 200 1 d G 300 300 1 d G 360

Frequency 7 33 76 52 32

Without calculating an estimate of the mean for this data, find the difference between Ann’s
and Kai’s estimate of the mean.
You must show all your working.

............................................ km [2]

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(iii) A histogram is drawn showing the information in Kai’s frequency table.

The height of the block for the interval 200 1 d G 300 is 2.6 cm.

Calculate the height of the block for each of the following intervals.

80 1 d G 100 ............................................ cm

150 1 d G 200 ............................................ cm

300 1 d G 400 ............................................ cm [3]

(b) One car is picked at random.

Find the probability that the car has travelled more than 300 km.

................................................. [1]

(c) Two of the 200 cars are picked at random.

Find the probability that

(i) both cars have travelled 150 km or less,

................................................. [2]

(ii) one car has travelled more than 200 km and the other car has travelled 100 km or less.

................................................. [3]

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3 The height, h cm, of each of 100 plants is recorded.

The table shows information about the heights of these plants.

Height
10 1 h G 15 15 1 h G 25 25 1 h G 40 40 1 h G 60 60 1 h G 70
(h cm)

Frequency 8 18 28 33 13

(a) Complete the histogram to show this information.

The first two blocks have been drawn for you.

2.5

1.5
Frequency
density
1

0.5

0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 h
Height (cm)
[3]

(b) Calculate an estimate of the mean height.

............................................ cm [4]

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7 Regan is playing a game with these six number cards.

–3 –2 2 3 5 7
(a) She takes two cards at random, without replacement, and multiplies the two numbers to give a
score.

Find the probability that

(i) the score is 35

................................................. [3]

(ii) the score is a positive number.

................................................. [3]

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(b) Regan now takes three cards at random from the six cards, without replacement, and adds the
three numbers to give a total.

Find the probability that her total is 5.

................................................. [4]

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2 (a) 100 students take part in a reaction test.

The table shows the results.

Reaction time (seconds) 6 7 8 9 10 11

Number of students 3 32 19 29 11 6

(i) Write down the mode.

............................................... s [1]

(ii) Find the median. 101/2 = 50.5

............................................... s [1]

(iii) Calculate the mean.

mean = (6x3)+(7x32)+(8x19)+(9x29)+(10x11)+(11x6) / 100

= 8.31
............................................... s [3]

(iv) Two students are chosen at random.

Find the probability that both their reaction times are greater than or equal to 9 seconds.

................................................. [2]

(b) The box-and-whisker plot shows the heights, h cm, of some students.

100 110 120 130 140 150 160 h

Height (cm)

(i) Find the range.

158 - 105 = 53
............................................ cm [1]

(ii) Find the interquartile range.

142 -122 = 20
............................................ cm [1]
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(c) The mass of each of 200 potatoes is measured.

The table shows the results.
80 155 250
Mass (m grams) 50 1 m G 110 110 1 m G 200 200 1 m G 300
Frequency 60 99 41

(i) Calculate an estimate of the mean.

(80x60)+(155x99) + (255x41) / 200 = 151. 975

............................................... g [4]

(ii) Complete the histogram to show the information in the table.

f.d = 60 / 60 = 1
1.5
f.d = 99 / 90 = 1.1

f.d = 41 / 100 = 0.41

1
Frequency
density

0.5

0
50 100 150 200 250 300 m
Mass (grams)
[2]

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7 = {students in a class} P = {students who study Physics} C = {students who study Chemistry}

n() = 24 n (P) = 17 n (C ) = 14 n (P k C ) = 9

(a) Complete the Venn diagram.


P C
............. 9 .............

.............
[2]

(b) (i) Find n (P k C l) .

................................................. [1]

(ii) Find n (P j C l) .
................................................. [1]

(c) Two students are picked from the class at random.

Find the probability that one student studies both subjects and one student studies Chemistry but
not Physics.

................................................. [3]

(d) Two of the students who study Physics are picked at random.

Find the probability that they both study Chemistry.

................................................. [2]

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5 (a) There are 160 people in a village.

The cumulative frequency diagram shows information about their ages.

160

140

120

100

Cumulative
frequency 80

60

40

20

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Age (years)

(i) Find an estimate for

(a) the median age

................................................. [1]

(b) the lower quartile

................................................. [1]

(c) the number of people who are 50 or more years of age

................................................. [2]
(d) the 65th percentile.

................................................. [2]
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(ii) The youngest person in the village is 1 year old and the oldest is 70 years old.

(a) Draw a box-and-whisker plot to show the distribution of ages in the village.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Age (years)
[3]

(b) Write down an estimate of the percentage of people in the village that are younger than
the median age.

............................................. % [1]

(b) The frequency table shows information about the age of each person in another village.

Age (n years) 0 1 n G 20 20 1 n G 30 30 1 n G 50 50 1 n G 80
Frequency 52 37 24 60

On the grid, complete the histogram to show this information.

The first block has been drawn for you.

Frequency
density 2

0 n
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Age (years)
[3]
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4 The table shows information about the heights of 80 children.

1.3 1.45 1.575 1.725 1.85

Height
1.2 1 h G 1.4 1.4 1 h G 1.5 1.5 1 h G 1.65 1.65 1 h G 1.8 1.8 1 h G 1.9
(h metres)

Frequency 2 13 24 32 9

(a) (i) Write down the interval containing the median.

.................... 1 h G .................... [1]

(ii) Calculate an estimate of the mean height.

mean = (1.3x2)+(1.45x13)+(1.575x24)+(1.725x32)+(1.85x9) / 80

= 1.63875

............................................. m [4]

(b) (i) One of these children is chosen at random.

Calculate the probability that they have a height of 1.4 m or less.

................................................. [1]

(ii) Two of these children are chosen at random.

Calculate the probability that both children are taller than 1.5 m but only one of them is taller
than 1.8 m.

................................................. [3]

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(c) (i) Complete the cumulative frequency table for the heights.

Height
h G 1.4 h G 1.5 h G 1.65 h G 1.8 h G 1.9
(h metres)
Cumulative
2
frequency
[2]

(ii) On the grid, draw the cumulative frequency diagram.

80

70

60

50
Cumulative
frequency 40

30

20

10

0 h
1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9
Height (m)
[3]

(d) Use your diagram to find an estimate of

3/4 x 80 = 60

(i) the interquartile range 1/4 x 80 = 20

1.76 - 1.53 = 0.23

.............................................. m [2]

(ii) the 60th percentile.

60/100 x 80 = 48

1.7
............................................ m [2]

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2 (a) Anna records the number of text messages she receives for 14 days.

17 15 31 38 31 22 13

18 21 27 28 21 31 29

(i) Complete the stem-and-leaf diagram.

Key: ...........................................................

[3]

(ii) Find the median.

................................................. [1]

(iii) Find the mode.

................................................. [1]

(iv) Find the range.

................................................. [1]

(b) In a shop, there are 4 red and 8 grey phones.

Anna and Pete each pick one of these phones at random.

Work out the probability that they both pick a grey phone.

................................................. [2]
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6 (a) The cumulative frequency table shows information about the speed of each of 200 cars as they
pass a speed camera.
Speed
(v km/h) v G 70 v G 80 v G 90 v G 95 v G 100 v G 120
Cumulative
12 46 115 155 177 200
frequency

(i) On the grid, draw the cumulative frequency diagram.

200

180

160

140

120

Cumulative
frequency 100

80

60

40

20

0
60 70 80 90 100 110 120 v
Speed (km/h) [3]
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(ii) Use your cumulative frequency diagram to find an estimate of

(a) the median

........................................ km/h [1]

(b) the interquartile range

........................................ km/h [2]

(c) the number of cars with a speed greater than 110 km/h.

................................................. [2]

(b) The frequency table shows information about the mass of each of 50 trucks.

Mass
2000 1 m G 2600 2600 1 m G 3500 3500 1 m G 5000 5000 1 m G 5700
(m kg)

Frequency 12 15 16 7

(i) Calculate an estimate for the mean mass of the trucks.

............................................ kg [4]

(ii) In a histogram showing this information, the height of the first block is 6 cm.

Calculate the heights of the remaining three blocks.

Height of block for 2600 1 m G 3500 .......................................... cm

Height of block for 3500 1 m G 5000 .......................................... cm

Height of block for 5000 1 m G 5700 ........................................... cm [3]

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4 (a) Lucia has two fair spinners.

Spinner A is five-sided and is numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Spinner B is nine-sided and is numbered 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5.

Lucia spins the two spinners and records whether they land on a prime number.

(i) Complete the tree diagram.

Spinner A Spinner B

prime
............

prime
3
5 not
............ prime

prime
............
............ not
prime

not
............ prime
[2]

(ii) Find the probability that

(a) the two numbers are both prime

................................................. [2]

(b) the two numbers are not both prime.

................................................. [1]

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(b) Lucia spins Spinner A 120 times.

Find the expected number of times the spinner lands on a prime number.

................................................. [1]

(c) Lucia spins Spinner B twice.

Find the probability that the two numbers it lands on add up to 9 or more.

................................................. [3]

(d) Lucia keeps spinning Spinner B until it lands on a 4.

Find an expression, in terms of n, for the probability that this happens on the nth spin.

................................................. [2]

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7 The frequency table shows the time of each of 42 athletes in a race.

Time (t seconds) Number of athletes

216 1 t G 219 9
219 1 t G 224 14
224 1 t G 234 14
234 1 t G 244 2
244 1 t G 264 3

(a) Calculate an estimate of the mean time.

.................................... seconds [4]

(b) Complete the histogram to show the information in the frequency table.
Two of the blocks have been drawn for you.

Frequency
density 2

0
210 220 230 240 250 260 270 t
Time (seconds)

[3]

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2 (a) Daisy records her 50 homework marks.

The table shows the results.

Homework mark 15 16 17 18 19 20
Frequency 1 3 19 11 10 6

(i) Write down the range.

................................................. [1]

(ii) Write down the mode.

................................................. [1]

(iii) Find the median.

................................................. [1]

(iv) Calculate the mean.

................................................. [3]

(b) 21 33 20 25 21 34 22 21 20 30 18

The list shows Ed’s scores in 11 tests.

(i) Complete the stem-and-leaf diagram to show this information.

Key: 2|5 represents 25

[2]

(ii) Find the median.

................................................. [1]

(iii) Find the interquartile range.

................................................. [2]

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8
2 3
2 3
1 2

Dice A Dice B

The diagram shows two fair dice.

Dice A is numbered 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 6.
Dice B is numbered 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4.

(a) (i) Dice A is rolled once.

Write down the probability that it lands on the number 6.

................................................. [1]

(ii) Dice A is rolled 150 times.

Find the number of times it is expected to land on the number 6.

................................................. [1]

(b) Dice A and Dice B are each rolled once.

(i) Find the probability that the two numbers they land on have a total of 6.

................................................. [3]

(ii) Find the probability that when the two numbers they land on have a total of 6, both numbers
are 3.

................................................. [2]

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(c) Dice B is rolled n times.

32
The probability that on the nth roll it first lands on a number 3 is .
729
Find the value of n.

n = ................................................ [2]

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5 Indira records the time taken for workers in her company to travel to work.
The table and the histogram each show part of this information.

Time (t minutes) 0 1 t G 10 10 1 t G 25 25 1 t G 40 40 1 t G 60 60 1 t G 80

Frequency 57 38 12

Frequency
density 2

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 t
Time (minutes)

(a) Complete the table and the histogram.

[5]

(b) Calculate an estimate of the mean time.

.......................................... min [4]

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(c) Rashid says:

‘The longest time that any of these workers take to travel to work is 80 minutes.’

Give a reason why Rashid may be wrong.

.....................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Indira picks three workers at random from those who take longer than 25 minutes to travel to
work.

Calculate the probability that one worker takes 60 minutes or less and the other two each take
more than 60 minutes.

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